Draft Environmental Impact Assessment
Project Number: 45904-01 March 2011
PAK: JDW Co-Gen Power Project
Prepared by ECTECH Environment Consultants for JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd.
The environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and maybe preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website.
JDW POWER (P) LIMITED, PAKISTAN 2 X 40 MW BAGASSE BASED COGENERATION PROJECT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)
Prepared by:
Suite# 4,2nd Floor, Link Arcade, Model Town Link Road, Lahore, Pakistan Phone No. 042-35887517-35925693, 35841688; Fax No. 042-35855508, Email: [email protected] March -2011
EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
C O N T E N T S
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY S1-S16
SECTION – 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.1 Introduction 1.2 1.2 Scope of SEIA Study 1.3 1.3 Approach and Methodology 1.4 1.4 Identification of The Project And The Proponent 1.6 1.5 Study Team 1.7 1.6 Nature and Size of the Project 1.8 1.7 Location 1.8 1.8 Importance & Background of the Project 1.9 1.9 Type of the Project 1.12 1.10 Objectives of the project 1.12 1.11 Policy, Legal & Administrative Framework 1.13 A. National Legal Requirements 1.13 A1. Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 1.14 A2. Policy and Procedures for the Filing, Review and Approval of 1.15 Environmental Assessments A3. Guidelines for the preparation and review of Environmental 1.15 Reports November 1997/2000 A4. Guidelines for Public Consultations 1.17 A5. National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) 1.17 A6. Sectoral Guidelines for Environmental Reports 1.18 A7. Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas 1.19 A8. Forest Act, 1927 1.19 A9. Other Relevant Laws 1.20 B. International Requirements 1.21 B1. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) Environmental Assessment 1.21 Process B2. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, June 2009 1.23 B3. The World Bank Environmental Assessment Process 1.24 B4. International Finance Corporation, Policy and Performance 1.25 Standards on Social and Environmental Sustainability C. Institutional Framework 1.25 C1. Federal Government Institutions 1.26 C2. Provincial Government Institutions 1.26 C3. International and National Non-Governmental Organizations 1.27 C4. International Framework 1.28
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EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
SECTION – 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 2.1
2.1 Existing Power Generation Facilities at JDW Sugar Mills Limited 2.2 2.2 Proposed Cogeneration Power Project of JDWPL 2.4 2.3 Site for the Proposed Project & Plant Layout 2.8 2.4 Basic Infrastructure and Facilities: 2.9 2.5 Project Water Requirement and Supply 2.9 2.6 Wastewater Treatment Plant 2.11 2.7 Fuel Availability, Requirement & Supply 2.11 2.8 Ash Handling 2.15 2.9 Operation Efficiency 2.17 2.9.1 During Cane Crushing Season 2.17 2.9.2 During Off-season 2.18 2.10 Proposed Project Schedule 2.19
SECTION – 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.1 3.1 Physical Resources of the Project Area 3.2 3.1.1 Atmosphere 3.2 (a) Ambient Gaseous Monitored Data 3.2 (b) Ambient Particulate Matter Monitored Data 3.2 (c) Baseline Noise Level Monitored Data 3.3 3.1.2 Climate 3.3 3.1.3 Topography and Geography 3.4 3.1.4 Soil 3.6 3.1.5 Ground & Surface Water 3.7 a) Underground Water: 3.7 b) Surface Water/Wet Lands 3.8 3.1.6 Seismology 3.9 3.2 Ecological Resources 3.10 3.2.1 Fishery and Aquatic Biology 3.10 3.2.2 Biodiversity 3.10 3.3 Economic Development 3.13 3.3.1 Industry 3.13 3.3.2 Infrastructure Facilities 3.14 3.3.3 Transport 3.14 3.3.4 Land Use 3.15 3.3.5 Power Sources and Transmission 3.15 3.3.6 Agricultural & Mineral Development and Tourism Facilities 3.16 3.4 Cultural and Social Resources 3.17 3.4.1 Population and Communities 3.17 3.4.2 Health and Education Facilities 3.19 3.4.3 Socio-economic Conditions 3.20
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EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
3.4.4 Physical & Cultural Heritage 3.20
SECTION – 4 REVIEW OF ALTERNATIVES 4.1 4.1 Alternatives 4.2 4.2 No Action (Zero Option) 4.2 4.3 Proposed Power Plant Site 4.3 4.4 Cogeneration Option 4.4 4.5 Options for Boilers 4.5 4.6 Fuel Options 4.6 4.7 Renewable Energy Alternatives 4.7
SECTION – 5 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND 5.1 MITIGATION MEASURES 5.1 Methodology for Anticipating Environmental Impacts 5.2 5.2 Environmental Impacts Assessment During Construction Phase 5.3 5.2.1 Land Acquisition 5.3 5.2.2 Erosion/Sedimentation 5.4 5.2.3 Air Quality 5.6 5.2.4 Surface Water 5.8 5.2.5 Groundwater 5.9 5.2.6 Solid Waste 5.11 5.2.7 Noise Impact 5.12 5.2.8 Fire Risk 5.13 5.2.9 Ecological Impacts 5.14 5.2.9.1 Terrestrial Systems 5.14 5.2.9.2 Fauna and Flora 5.14 5.2.10 Impacts on Human Population 5.16 5.2.11 Traffic Impact 5.16 5.2.12 Socio-economic Impacts 5.17 5.2.13 Public Services and Facilities 5.17 5.2.14 Cultural Resource Impacts 5.17 5.3 Environmental Impacts Assessment During Operation Phase 5.18 5.3.1 Air Quality Impacts 5.18 Air Dispersion Modeling Data 3.19 1. The stack exhaust gases flows for various options is as below: 3.19 2. Data for Air Dispersion Modeling, for Bagasse, Season Operation 3.20 3. Data for Air Dispersion Modeling, for Bagasse, Off-Season Operation 3.20 4. Data for Air Dispersion Modeling, for Imported Coal, 3.21 Off-Season Operation Green House Gases (GHGs), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Credits: 5.24 5.3.2 Ecological Impacts 5.25 5.3.2.1 Impacts on Fauna and Flora 5.25
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EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
5.3.2.2 Landscaping 5.26 5.3.3 Supply of Water 5.27 5.3.4 Solid Waste Management 5.28 5.3.5 Noise & Vibration Impacts 5.30 5.3.6 Soil and Surface Water & Ground Water Contamination 5.30 5.3.7 Societal Impacts During Operations 5.32 5.3.7.1 Neighborhood and Communities 5.32 5.3.7.2 Relocation Impact 5.33 5.3.7.3 Traffic Impact 5.33 5.3.7.4 Economic Impact 5.34 5.3.8 Environment Category of the project 5.35
SECTION – 6 ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 6.1 6.1 Introduction 6.2 6.2 Economic Benefits 6.2 a. Increasing the Viability of Sugar Mills 6.3 b. Fuel Costs 6.3 c. Diversity and Security of Supply 6.4 d. Location 6.4 6.3 Reduction of Green House Gases (GHG) and Pollution at the 6.5 Area of the Project 6.3.1 CO2 (GHG) Emissions Due to Combustion of Bagasse 6.6 6.3.2 CO2 (GHG) Emissions from N.G. Based 80 MW Power Plant 6.7 6.3.3 Comparison of Various Scenarios for Steam & Power Generation 6.9
SECTION – 7 ENVIRONMETAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1 7.1 Introduction 7.2 7.2 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 7.2 7.3 Mitigation / Compensation Measures during Construction Phase 7.4 7.4 Mitigation / Compensation Measures during Operation Phase 7.8 7.5 Environmental Monitoring 7.10 7.5.1 Ambient Air Quality 7.10 7.5.2 Stack Emissions 7.11 7.5.3 Noise 7.11 7.5.4 Wastewater/Thermal Discharge 7.12 7.5.5 Maintenance 7.13 7.5.6 Assigning responsibility for implementation (by name or position) 7.13 7.5.7 Reporting and reviewing procedures 7.16 7.5.8 Ecological Monitoring 7.16 7.6 Training needs 7.17 7.7 Social Management Plan 7.18 7.7.1 Recommendations and Mitigation Measures 7.18 7.7.2 Company’s corporate social responsibility programme 7.20
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EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
7.8 Disaster Management Plan 7.21 7.8.1 Definition 7.21 7.8.2 Emergency Planning 7.22 7.9 Environmental Management Costs 7.23
SECTION – 8 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT & DISCLOSURE 8.1
8.1 Community Awareness and Perception ABOUT the Project 8.2 8.1.1 Geographical representation of the study 8.5 8.1.2 Awareness Level Regarding the Project 8.6 8.1.3 People’s Perception Level Regarding the Project 8.7 8.2 Social-Economic Impacts Perceived by the People of the Study Area 8.8 8.2.1 Perceived Positive Impacts During Construction Phase 8.8 8.2.2 Perceived Negative Impacts During Construction Phase 8.9 8.2.3 Perceived Positive Social Impacts During Operation Phase 8.10 8.2.4 Perceived Negative Social Impacts During Operation Phase 8.12
SECTION – 9 GRIEVANCE REDRESSING MECHANISM-FORMAL AND 9.1 INFORMAL CHANNELS: 9.1 Formal Channel 9.2 9.1.1. Environmental Legislation 9.2 9.1.2. Pakistan Environmental Act and Environmental Management 9.2 9.1.3. Enforcement of PEPA and Liability 9.3 9.2. Grievance Redress Mechanism- Informal 9.7 9.2.1. Compensation for Environmental Damages 9.7 9.2.2 Constitution of the Committee 9.8 9.2.3. Time Schedule for Redressing the Grievance 9.8
SECTION – 10 CONCLUSIONS 10.1
ANNEXURE - 1.1 Showing Details of Expert involved for preparation of EIA
ANNEXURE - 1.2 Showing Guidelines for Self – Monitoring and Reporting by Industry (SMART) Final Report March 1998
ANNEXURE - 1.3 Showing National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) –Pakistan
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EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
ANNEXURE - 2.1 Showing Pakistan, Punjab, Rahim Yar Khan District, Jamal Din Wali Village, National Highways and Location of Proposed Project Site
ANNEXURE - 2.2 Showing Detailed Plant Layout Jamal Din Wali Village, National Highways and Location of Proposed Project Site
ANNEXURE - 2.3 Hydro-Geological Report
ANNEXURE - 2.4 Showing Ground Water Data
ANNEXURE - 2.5 Showing Water Balance Drawing Identifying sources of Liquid Effluents Generation
ANNEXURE - 2.6 Showing Fuel BAlance
ANNEXURE - 2.7
Showing Project Schedule
ANNEXURE – 3.1 Showing Baseline Ambient Gaseous Emissions Monitored Data
ANNEXURE – 3.2 Showing Baseline Ambient Particulate Matter Monitored Data
ANNEXURE – 3.3 Showing Baseline Noise Level Monitored Data
ANNEXURE – 5.1 ADM Data, JDW PL Season Baggasse - Particulate Matter
ANNEXURE – 5.2 ADM Data, JDW PL Season Bagasse- Nox Emissions
ANNEXURE – 5.3 ADM Data, JDW PL Season Baggasse - SO2 Emissions
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EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
ANNEXURE – 5.4 ADM Data, JDW PL Off-Bagasse PM Emission
ANNEXURE – 5.5 ADM Data, JDW PL Off-Season Bagasse - NOx Emission
ANNEXURE – 5.6 ADM Data, JDW PL Off-Season Bagasse - SO2 Emissions
ANNEXURE – 5.7 ADM Data, JDW PL Coal Firing Emissions of PM
ANNEXURE – 5.8 JDW PL Coal Firing Emission of NOx
ANNEXURE – 5.9 JDW PL Coal Firing Emission of SO2
ANNEXURE – 7.1 Showing Monitoring Methods
ANNEXURE – 7.2 Showing Monitoring Equipment & Instruments
ANNEXURE – 7.3 Showing Punjab Government Formats
ANNEXURE – 7.4 Social Responsibility Programs
ANNEXURE – 8.1 Public Consultations/Disclosure, the following performa
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EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Executive Summary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Executive Summary Page – S.1 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT
1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1.1 Introduction
M/S JDW Power (Pvt.) LTD., (JDWPL), 1485/C-A2 Asad Jan Road, Lahore Cantt, Pakistan are in the process of installing a 2x40 MW co-generation power plant, using bagasse and imported coal as fuel.
The project consists of a stand-alone bagasse cogeneration facility that will be constructed alongside the existing JDW Sugar Mills Limited (JSML) at Qasba Shiren, Jamal Din Wali, District Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
1.2 Project Location
The proposed project will be located adjacent to JSML sugar plant facilities for ease in transfer of bagasse from sugar plant through conveyors and supply of power & steam to the sugar plant.
1.3 Products Manufactured
The proposed plant has installed capacity to generate 80 MW power. Apart from meeting the requirement of power & steam for the JSML sugar plant during cane crushing season (for around 120 days) the proposed power plant will export about 66,361 MWH of electricity for approximately 180 days based on bagasse as fuel. During remaining period 80 MW power will be generated using imported coal as fuel. Material Balance of the project is shown below:
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JDWPL - MATERIAL BALANCE (During Project Operation) Sugar Season Off-Season One Two One Two
Set Sets Set Sets Bagasse Input, TPH (for 56 days only) 84.68 169.36 62.96 125.92 Coal Input, TPH 18.44 36.88 Boiler, Design/Required Steam Production, TPH 210.00 420.00 153.00 306.00 Steam used in Steam Turbine, TPH 210 420 153 306 Steam extracted for Sugar Processing, TPH 150 300 0.00 0.00 Steam Condensed, and Used in Feed Water Heating 57.62 115.24 151.08 302.16 Etc. TPH Losses 2.38 4.76 1.92 3.84 Total Steam Consumed, TPH 210 420 153 306 Power Generation, MW 40.00 80.00 40.00 80.00 Electricity Consumed in Power Plant, MW 7.2 7.2 Electricity Consumed in JSML, MW 21.00 1.00 Electricity Exported, MW 51.8 71.8 Total Electricity Used, MW 80.00 80.00 Note: TPH = tonnes per hour One Set = One generator with one boiler in operation Two Sets = Two generators with two boilers in operation
The facility, will generate a surplus of around 51.8 MW electricity during the sugar production season for export to the national electricity grid of Water and Power Developmnent (WAPDA). During sugar production off-season, about 71.8 MW electricity will be produced using available bagasse and imported coal and electricity thus generated will be fed to the National Grid of WAPDA.
1.4 Fuel
Depending on the crushing season, Bagasse from JSML will be used as fuel for approximately 180 days of the power plant operation. Total quantity of bagasse available for steam and power generation is around 729,590 tonnes.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Executive Summary Page – S.3 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
It is assumed, that a 6,074 kcal/kg imported coal will be used. The power plant will require 110,000 to 120,000 tonnes of coal per annum, depending on calorific value. Coal will be transported from Karachi to the plant site by road trucks.
1.5 Power Generation Process
Conventionally, the sugar mills use low pressure boilers (24 bars) for generating power and process steam. The steam passes through turbine and generates required power for the sugar plant. The exhaust steam from the turbine is used in the processing of sugar. This process of utilization of steam for generating power and for processing of sugar is called cogeneration.
The proposed project will install High Pressure Boilers (110 bars) and steam Turbines. Using the same quantity of bagasse, the proposed power plant will be able to generate additional power for export besides meeting the power and steam requirement of the sugar mill. The additional power will be fed to the National Grid system.
Cogeneration process scheme is presented below:
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PROPOSED COGENERATION SCHEME
Sugar Cane
Existing JSML Sugar Cane Milling Processing Proposed JDWPL
Bagasse Sugar Product
Coal
Boilers
Boiler Feed Water High Pressure Steam Return Condensate
Dearetor
Feed Water Steam Turbo - Low Pressure Tank Condensate Generators Steam
Electricity
Power To JSML
National Grid
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Two boilers will have a common chimney with a height of approximately 100 meters, Chimney parameters will be finalized at detailed design stage keeping in view final combustion design and environmental regulations. Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) will be installed to bring the particulate matter to 50 mg/Nm3 as set by the World Bank standrads. Bagasse ash will be collected and make available to JDW Corporate farms and other farmers without any cost for utilization in fields as fertilizer. The power plant will make coal ash available free of cost for utilization in cement plants, brick kilns, building materials and construction industries. There are about 50 brick kilns operating within a radius of 30 to 40 kms of power plant site.
1.6 Water
The site will require make up and cooling water for the operation. The water requirement of the proposed power plant is to be met from tube-wells. The ground water availability is of good quality and available plentifully as described in the Hydro-geological report.
1.7 Waste Water Treatment
Liquid effluents from all sources including also sewage to be generated in the power plant will be treated according to required levels of the National Environmental Quality Standards as well as those by the World Bank, before discharging into the near by water canal, after due permission from the competent authority Incharge of the canal. Process for getting permission has already been initiated. It is estimated that 50 to 60% of the liquid effluents will be recycled thus reducing the requirement of raw makeup water by 40 to 50%.
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1.8 Land
The total area allotted for the power plant and colony is 67 acres.
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
2.1 Climate
Generally, the climate of the Rahim Yar Khan District is hot and dry in the summer and cold and dry in the winter. Dust storms are frequent during summer season.
Temperature:
Mean monthly temperature during July = 30 – 35 0C
Mean monthly temperature during January = 10 – 15 0C
2.2 Ecology
There is no endangered species of flora and fauna noticed in this area. The area does not shelter any specific wildlife.
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2.3 Hydrological Conditions
2.3.1 Surface water
The run-off during monsoon period contributes to the surface water. There is no perennial stream or river in the surrounding villages. These villages get water from open wells and bore wells which get recharged in rainy season and nearby irrigation canal system.
2.3.2 Ground Water
The proposed power plant will be located in the area which is being fed by an elaborate irrigation canal system, with the result that ground water aquifer is being regularly replenished. Shortage of ground water is not expected. A hydro-geological report in this regard is included in this EIA report.
2.4 Ambient Air Quality & Noise Level
The ambient air quality was studied at six locations on and around the project site. The twenty four hour average of Particulate Matter was found to be 69.6 µg/m3 which is well below the 150 µg/m3 limit as set by the World Bank.
The monitored values of ambient gases (SO2, NO2 and CO) for 24 hours average on the proposed project site remain at 58.4 µg/m3, 59.3 µg/m3 and 66.6 µg/m3 respectively. These values are well with in the acceptable limits of 150 ug/m3,
each of SO2 and NO2 for 24 hours average, as set by the World Bank, while no limit for CO is set by the WB.
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On the basis of twenty four hours average, noise levels (34 to 69 dB(A) ) within the plant site are in compliance with the prescribed limit of 85 dB(A) by the National Environment Quality Standards (NEQS), Pakistan and 70 dB(A) by the World Bank.
Air Dispersion Modeling (ADM):
Results of the Air Dispersion Modeling, based on the (predicted) stack
emissions of Particulate Matter (PM10), NOx and SO2 using bagasse, and importd coal are presented below:
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Executive Summary Page – S.9 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Table showing results of AIR DISPERSION MODELLING for Stack Emissions of PM10, NOx and SO2 using bagasse, and importd coal:
Option Season Off-Season
Fuel Bagasse Bagasse Coal - Imported
Parameters PM10 NOx SO2 PM10 NOx SO2 PM10 NOx SO2 A - Air Dispersion Model - Input
Data - Source Type Point Point Point Point Point Point Point Point Point - Stack Height, meters 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 - Stack Diameter, meters 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 - Stack Exit Velocity, m3/s 310.2 310.2 310.2 226.4 226.4 226.4 147.6 147.6 147.6 - Emission Rate, gm/s 20.02 45.90 103.00 14.62 33.50 75.00 9.75 27.30 145.00 - Stack Gas Temperature, oK 433.00 433.00 433.00 433.00 433.00 433.00 433.00 433.00 433.00 - Ambient Air Temperature, oK 303.00 303.00 303.00 303.00 303.00 303.00 303.00 303.00 303.00 - Rural/Urban Option Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural B - Air Dispersion Model - Output
Data - Final Stable Plume Height, meters 221.700 221.700 221.700 209.600 209.600 209.600 195.000 195.000 195.000 - Distance to Final Rise, Meters 153.900 153.900 153.900 153.900 153.900 153.900 153.900 153.900 153.900 - Stack Velocity, M/S 24.6849 24.6849 24.6849 18.0163 18.0163 18.0163 11.7456 11.7456 11.7456 - Buoyancy Flux, M4/S3 290.701 290.701 290.71 212.169 212.169 212.169 138.322 138.322 138.322 - Momentum Flux, M4/S2 1,705.61 1,705.61 1,705.61 908.548 908.548 908.548 386.160 386.160 386.160 - Meteorology Full Full Full Full Full Full Full Full Full - Terrain Simple Simple Simple Simple Simple Simple Simple Simple Simple - Terrain Height, meters 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- Maximum Concentration, µg/m3 19.3 44.26 99.31 17.81 40.80 91.35 27.59 47.06 250.00
- Distance to Maximum, meters 1,076.00 1,076.00 1,076.00 1,106.00 1,106.00 1,106.00 3,000.00 995.00 995.00 IFC Emission Guidelines, Boilers, 50,000 650,000 2,000,000 50,000 650,000 2,000,000 50,000 650,000 2,000,000 µg/m3 Pakistan - NEQS, at Source, 500,000 1,200,000 1,700,000 500,000 1,200,000 1,700,000 500,000 1,200,000 1,700,000 µg/Nm3
The IFC Emission Guidelines, presented above, have been extracted from IFC “Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines, Table-1.1.2”.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Executive Summary Page – S.10 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
The air dispersion modeling indicates that the proposed project is in compliance with the requirement of the WB/ IFC with respect IFC’s Emission Guidelines.
It is worth mentioning here that the project site is located in the “Non-degraded Air Shed” because thre is no industry or any other commecrail activity which may pollute the ambient air.
3. PREDICTION OF IMPACTS AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
Prediction of impacts depends on the nature and size of activity being undertaken and also on the type of pollution control measures that are envisaged as part of the project proposal. However, the following management practices would be followed to ensure that the environmental pollutants concentrations remain within the limits. The proposed plant may cause impact on the surrounding environment in two phases.
During construction phase
During Operation phase
Mitigations of these likely impacts are described in the following sub-sections.
3.1 Impact on Air Quality and Management
Construction Phase
Increase in PM10, SO2, NOX, & CO levels due to construction activities and movement of vehicles. The impact of these activities would be temporary and will be confined within the plant boundary.
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Operational Phase
Air pollution generating sources at proposed plant will be due emissions on account of operation of bagaase & coal fired boilers. The important air pollutants to be generated during bagasse operation from the proposed plant is mainly particulate matter (PM). Whereas, the important air pollutants to be generated during coal firing operation from proposed plant are mainly Particulate Matter
(PM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen.
Electrostatic Precipitators (EPs) with 99.9% operational efficiency shall be provided for the boilers.
3.2 Impact on Water Quality & Management
Construction Phase
The impact on water environment during construction phase is likely to be short term and insignificant.
Operational Phase
Around 50 to 60% of the liquid effluents will be recycled after treatment. The remaining effluents after mixing with treated sewage water will disposed off to JSML effluent treatment plant for further treatment and disposal.
3.3 Solid Waste
Construction Phase
Generation of solid waste during this phase shall be controlled by mitigation measures and impact will be insignificant.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Executive Summary Page – S.12 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Operational Phase
Main solid waste during operation phase shall be fly and bottom ash, which will be properly collected and monitored. Bagasse Ash will be disposed off as manure/fertilizer at JDW corporate and growers farms. Whereas, power plant will make coal ash available free of cost for utilization in cement plants, brick kilns, building materials and construction industries. There are about 50 brick kilns operating within a radius of 30 to 40 kms of power plant site.
3.4 Impact on Noise Levels and Management
Construction Phase
The impact of noise due to construction activities are insignificant, reversible and localized in nature and mainly confined to the day hours.
Operational Phase
All rotating items shall be well lubricated and provided with enclosures as far as possible to reduce noise transmission. In general, noise generating items such as generators, fans, blowers, compressors, pumps, motors etc. are so specified as to limit their speeds and reduce noise levels. Operators will be provided with necessary safety and protection equipment such as ear plugs, ear muffs etc.
3.5 Social Aspects
During construction, the project will provide employment to local personal.
During the operational phase also, the project will generate employment opportunity.
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Increase in employment opportunities and reduction in migrants to outside for employment, increase in literacy rate, growth in service sectors.
Improvement in socio cultural environment of the project area
Improvement in transport and communication services,
Increase in employment due to increased business, trade commerce and service sector.
This project does not involve any displacement of local people.
Some people have concerns about the environmental aspects of the project.
Public invasion by the outdiders to take place due to the project has also very minor concern for the people.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
The environment, safety and health-monitoring programme in the factory are as follows:
1. Regular monitoring of stack emissions
2. Daily monitoring of water and wastewater
3. Quality monitoring of ambient air, noise and work place air
4. Monitoring of occupational safety
The project management, being aware and conscious of its responsibilities to environemt, is commited that the project operations will be made keeping in line with the internationally accepted sustainable measures/practices and methods thus
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leaving neligible adverse impacts on any segment of environement due to proposed activity.
5. ENIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COSTS
Table showing estimated costs for management of environment:
Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Management
Annual Capital Operating Category Investment Costs US Dollars Air Pollution Management 1,800,000 42,000 Noise Management 16,000 1.100 Water & Waste Water Management 660,000 20,000 Solid Waste Management 260,000 20,000 Landscaping 11,000 1,700 Environmental Monitoring & Training 9,000 16,000 Total 2,756,000 100,800
Green House Gases (GHGs), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Credits:
The proposed power plant being renewable energy project will contribute to Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) avoidance besides the several attendant benefits of making additional electricity available to national grid system.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report Basis & Criteria for Categorization of the Project:
This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report is based on the Environmental Assessment Guidelines-2003 by Asian Development Bank (ADB). Further, in the light of the facts regarding the project, when judged on the criteria for the “Asian Development Bank, Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003- Determination of the Environment Category” the project merits for placement in Category–A.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Executive Summary Page – S.16 EIA – JDWPower (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
1
Introduction
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-1, Introduction Page – 1.1 EIA – JDWPower (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
SECTION – 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
M/S JDW Power (Pvt.) LTD., (JDWPL) House No. 1485/C, A2, Asad Jan Road, Lahore Cantt, Pakistan are in the process of installing a 2 x 40 MW co-generation power plant, using bagasse and imported coal as fuel.
The project consists of a stand-alone bagasse co-generation facility that will be constructed alongside the existing JDW Sugar Mills Limited (JSML) at Qasba Shiren, Jamal Din Wali, District Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan. The facility, as well as supplying power and steam to the existing sugar factory, will generate a surplus of around 51.8 MW electricity during the sugar production season for export to the national electricity grid of Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA). During sugar production off-season about 71.8 MW electricity will be produced using available bagasse and imported coal and will be fed to the National Grid of WAPDA.
The spirit of the Equator Principles (EPs) - “seeking to ensure that the projects we finance are developed in a manner that is socially responsible and reflect sound environmental management practices” has been adopted by and large by almost all national and international Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) and as such it has become an important pre-requisite for obtaining project financing. This spirit has been kept in mind while preparing this report. This EIA Report has been prepared for the proposed power project keeping in line with the Asian Development Bank Guidelines for such EIA reports.
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1.2 SCOPE OF EIA STUDY
The purpose of this EIA study is identification of key environmental and social issues which will likely arise during construction and operation of the power plant along with the assessment of the significant negative impacts and mitigation measures to be adopted for their minimization.
The ultimate goal of this EIA report is to produce an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMtP) for the Construction and Operation Stages of the proposed project. Compliance with the guidance contained in these plans will ensure the implementation of this project in an environmentally sustainable manner both at Construction as well as Operation stages of the Project.
The EIA report ensures compliance to all national and local regulations enforced in Pakistan as well as the Asian Development Bank Guidelines for such reports. However, taking into consideration the international requirements, due attention has also been given to Equator Principles (EPs) and the International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards on Social and Environmental Sustainability [PSSES] (issued April 30, 2006; revised 2007), and the IFC Policy on Social & Environmental Sustainability (issued April 30, 2006). The overall objective was to ensure that the project to be financed under the reference of this EIA report is developed in a manner that it is socially responsible and reflects sound environmental management practices.
This EIA report also discusses the legal and administrative framework within which the EIA is prepared. A brief project description is included together with a
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description of the baseline environmental conditions and the actual environmental situation at the proposed site for the project.
The technical section of the report and the environmental baseline situation form the basis for the detailed impact assessment during the construction and operation phases of the project. Based on the findings of this report, an environmental management system has been devised, outlining necessary mitigation and compensation measures together with monitoring practices.
1.3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
This EIA report regarding the JDW Power (Pvt.) LTD., Pakistan (2x40 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project) has been accomplished after carrying out thorough reconnaissance to identify the following Environmental and Social areas of concern:
To achieve the desired environmental compliance standards under the Asian Development Bank Guidelines as applicable to the project.
Plans and activities to remedy/mitigate any potential adverse impacts and the gaps that could probably remain after implementation.
Any other points/steps to be taken which could be beneficial to mitigate environmental adverse impacts that may accrue both during construction and regular operation of the power plant.
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As desired by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the format/contents of this EIA report are listed as below:
1. Introduction
2. Description of the Project
3. Description of the Environment
4. Alternatives
5. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
6. Economic Assessment
7. Environmental Management Plan
8. Public Involvement and Disclosure
9. Grievance Redress Mechanism
10. Conclusions
In addition to the evaluation and review of the available records, data and the facts for the project feasibility study, detailed discussions were held with the
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concerned members of the project management as well as other project stakeholders.
Notes and proposals for measures to be taken to mitigate and compensate for any determined/detrimental environmental impacts are contained in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) as well as a Monitoring Plan, including all parameters that need to be measured, and the frequency of monitoring actions (Section – 7).
A comprehensive qualitative and semi-quantitative methodology was adopted to conduct this study inter-alia in due compliance with the EIA requirements. The study included collection of both primary and secondary data regarding environmental status and other relevant factors.
1.4 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT AND THE PROPONENT
The project proponent is JDW Power (Pvt.) LTD., (JDWPL), with corporate office located at the following address:
1485/C-A2, Asad Jan Road, Lahore Cantt, Pakistan.
Contact person:
Mr. Imran Khalid,
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Project Manager, JDW Power (Pvt) LTD. 1485/C-A2, Asad Jan Road, Lahore Cantt, Lahore, Pakistan. Phone: 042-36687823-24 E-mail: [email protected]
The proposed JDWPL project belongs to the JDW Group of Industries operating its JDW Sugar Mills Limited (JSML) at Qasba Shiren near Jamal Din Wali in the Rahim Yar Khan District of Southern Punjab region of Pakistan. The JDW Group of Industries own three sugar mills and is the largest group in the sugar sector in Pakistan. The JSML was incorporated in Pakistan on 31st May, 1990 as a Private Limited Company and converted into a Public Limited Company on the 24th August, 1991. The proposed JDWPL project will be located adjacent to JSML.
1.5 STUDY TEAM
JDW Power (Pvt). LTD, hired the services of ECTECH Environment Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan to undertake the preparation of “Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)” of the proposed project. A brief introduction of the experts who prepared the EIA report is given in the Annexure – 1.1.
Among others, Dr. Muhammad Hanif and Mr. Aftab Ahmad from ECTECH Environment Consultants kept close liaison with the JDWPL Corporate Office in Lahore throughout the preparation of this EIA report and comprehensively discussed various aspects of the project.
The team members also visited the proposed plant site, carried out environmental monitoring of the project site, held Public Consultations/Scoping and attended to
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various other important aspects related to the project for synthesis of a realistic EIA report of the project.
1.6 NATURE AND SIZE OF THE PROJECT
M/S JDWPL are planning to install an 80 MW co-generation power plant. Two condensing and extraction steam turbines (2 x 40 MW) with two high-pressure boilers (2 x 210 tph), having bagasse as primary fuel and imported coal as secondary fuel, will be installed close to the already operational JSML at Qasba Shireen, near Jamal Din Wali, District Rahim Yar Khan. The project will use the sugar mill’s by-product, bagasse, as fuel source which is not only economically supportive but also environmentally friendly at the same time.
The power plant will be installed adjacent to the JDW Sugar Mill, Qasba Shareen, near Jamal Din Wali, District Rahim Yar Khan, so that the primary fuel bagasse would be available to the power plant without any interruption and without incurring any extra expenditures on the transportation of bagasse. Steam condensate from adjacent JSML will be returned to power plant.
1.7 LOCATION
The power plant is designed to run on bagasse to cater for the reliable and economic power to the sugar plant as well as the national grid to help mitigate the chronic power shortage in the country and also to meet the power and process steam demand of the JSML. Due to this reason, the power plant has to be sited
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close to the Sugar Mill to satsify both requirements as well as the return of steam condensate from Sugar Mill.
1.8 IMPORTANCE & BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Despite severe challenges, the economy has shown resilience in the outgoing year. Growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for 2009-10, on an inflation- adjusted basis, has been recorded at a provisional 4.1%. This compares with GDP growth of 1.2% (revised) in the previous year.
The economy has been growing at an average rate of 5.1% over the past six years ending June 2010. According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan, 2009-10, “the longer term prospects for the economy are promising, given potential drivers such as the size and dynamism of the Pakistani diaspora, the potential for unleashing large productivity gains in agriculture, improvements in the economic environment by a deepening of regional trade and investment links, and the harnessing of the ‘youth bulge’”. The expected growth objective will need a commensurate rise in energy use. Considering the strong correlation between economic growth and energy demand growth, there is an imperative need for sustained increase in energy supply not only to sustain the growth momentum but also to protect the economy from disruptions caused by energy deficits reflected in demand management, popularly known as load shedding.
The demand and supply of electricity was balanced in 1997 with the commissioning of private sector Independent Power Producers (IPPs) established under the Private Power Policy of 1994. Generation capacity has increased since 1997, and it was expected that demand and supply would remain in equilibrium
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through 2009. However, faster economic activity, rising disposable income, higher availability of consumer finance, double-digit growth of large-scale manufacturing, and higher agricultural production have all resulted in higher demand for power. As peak demand growth approached 6.6% per year during 2001 to 2007, the supply shortage occurred much earlier than 2009. With double digit growth of large scale manufacturing in Pakistan, it has resulted in higher demand for power in the country.
As a result of serious power shortages, load sheddings are frequent in Pakistan. The gap between power supply and demand is further on the increase. Consequently, all walks of life are being adversely affected.
To sustain growth, Pakistan needs an integrated National Energy Plan. The Government of Pakistan (GOP) is making concerted efforts to ensure development of energy resources. The government has encouraged the private sector to meet this additional demand. In order to bridge the gap between power demand and supply, Pakistan Government liberalized its investment policies. The policy has resulted in investments in the power generation sector from both local and foreign sources.
Pakistan is energy deficit country. Fossil fuels are already in short supply, and the available ones are fastly depleting. On the other hand, their industrial use is fast on the increase. In order to meet the present day requirements of the fuels and to fulfill the future increased demand, alternate fuels have to be inducted on a priority basis. With increasingly more disparity between energy supply and demand, and keener attention of the Government to environmental protection, use of non-conventional energy resources such as bagasse as primary fuel for power
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generation has been favored in government’s policies. The GOP has recently announced a Co-Gen Power Policy for sugar mills to generate power using bagasse more efficiently. Bagasse is currently being used in the sugar industry in an uneconomical way for producing heat and power in low-pressure boilers.
In line with Co-Gen Policy 2008, JDWPL is planning to install an 80 MW Co- generation power plant with bagasse as primary fuel and coal as backup fuel near its Jamal Din Wali Sugar Mill at Qasba Shireen, near Jamal Din Wali, District Rahim Yar Khan.
According to the project feasibility report, Pakistan has an installed electricity generating capacity of about 19,400 MW. Projection for the demand in year 2030 is forecast to be 100,000 MW. The Government of Pakistan has recognized that bagasse-based cogeneration power plants can play a significant role in augmenting the country’s power generation capacity. Accordingly, the “National Policy for Power cogeneration by Sugar Industry” was promulgated in January, 2008. It is estimated that Pakistan has a potential of generating more than 3000 MW of electricity through Cogeneration from its existing sugar industry.
The power plant will be spread over a total of 43.24 acres. The total estimated cost of the project is US$ 135 million.
1.9 TYPE OF THE PROJECT
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At present, approximately 2-3 million tonnes of sugar cane is being crushed per year at JSML. Ample amount of bagasse through this activity is available that will be used as a primary fuel for the cogeneration power plant in order to fulfill the electricity and steam energy requirements. The project feasibility is based on bagasse as primary fuel and coal as backup fuel.
The proposed project feasibility has been prepared by AVANT-GARDE, Chennai, India, and has also been used as a source of technical information for this EIA report.
1.10 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The main objective of the proposed project is to generate cleaner, economical and reliable energy from indigenous biomass fuel which will not only provide a better alternate source of energy but also boost to agriculture sector and save millions of dollars which is wasted to import expensive oil to be used as fuel for producing electricity. It will also reduce environmental hazards caused by burning furnace oil as fuel for producing electricity.
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1.11 POLICY, LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
A. National Legal Requirements
The Government of Pakistan has actively pursued the cause of environmental protection. It has been a party to several international declarations, agreements and conventions and has also ratified these documents.
Pakistan has also created organizational structures and enacted rules for the protection of the environment. The Constitution of Pakistan contains provisions for environment protection and resource conservation. Several laws exist for the protection of the environment, which are discussed below.
Pakistan Penal Code 1861 (adopted from the British legacy), which is a general criminal law and applies all over the country, contains specific provisions on the subject. Thus it prohibits mischief by killing or maiming animals, or damaging works of irrigation, rivers, roads, bridges, drains or firing explosive substances with intent to cause damage. The Code also prohibits public nuisance by acting negligently to spread the infection of disease or disobeying quarantine rule or causing adulteration of food or drink or drug, or fouling water or making the atmosphere noxious to health etc.
The promulgation of the Environmental Protection Ordinance, 1983 was the first codifying legislation on the issue of environmental protection. Later, the Government passed the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA), 1997, which is the basis of IEE/EIA studies carried out for the projects in Pakistan.
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A.1 PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1997
PEPA, 1997 is a fairly comprehensive legislation and contains stipulations for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the environment. It contains concrete action plans and programs for the prevention of pollution and promotes sustainable development. The salient features of the law are:
. It covers air, water, soil, marine and noise pollution including pollution caused by motor vehicles.
. The Act provides National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for wastewater, air emissions and noise.
. The law provides clear cut guidelines for IEE/EIA for various projects as per their magnitude and anticipated impacts.
. The law also empowers the Federal Government to issue notices and to enforce them for the protection of the environment.
For the effective implementation of the provisions of PEPA, 1997, the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency headed by a Director General has been constituted. On the same pattern, Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) have been created in all the provinces.Environmental Tribunals have also been constituted according to PEPA, 1997.
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A.2 Policy and Procedures for the Filing, Review and Approval of Environmental Assessments
This document sets out the key policies and procedural requirements. It contains a brief policy statement on the purpose of environmental assessment and the goal of sustainable development and requires that environmental assessment be integrated with feasibility studies. It also defines the jurisdiction of the Federal and Provincial EPA’s. It lists the responsibilities of the proponent and states the duties of responsible authorities. It provides schedules of projects that require either an IEE or EIA.
A.3 Guidelines for the preparation and review of Environmental Reports NOVEMBER 1997/2000
These guidelines are descriptive documents regarding the format and content of IEE/EIA reports to be submitted to EPA for “No-Objection Certificate (NOC)/Environmental Approval (EA)”. Following are the major areas which are covered by these guidelines:
. The IEE report (scope, alternatives, site selection, format of IEE report)
. Assessing impacts (identification, analysis and production, baseline data, significance)
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. Mitigation and impact management (and preparing an environmental management plan)
. Reporting (drafting style, main features, shortcomings, other forms of presentation)
. Review and decision making (role, steps, remedial options, checks and balances)
. Monitoring and auditing (systematic follow up, purpose, effective data management)
. Project Management (inter-disciplinary teams, programming and budgeting)
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A.4 Guidelines for Public Consultations
These guidelines deal with possible approaches to public consultation (PC) and techniques for designing an effective program of consultation that reaches out to all major stakeholders and ensures the incorporation of their legitimate concerns in any impact assessment study. These guidelines cover:
. Consultation, involvement and participation of Stakeholders
. Techniques for public consultation (principles, levels of involvements, tools, building trust)
. Effective public consultation (planning, stages of EIA where consultation is appropriate)
. Consensus building and dispute resolution
. Facilitation of the involvement of the poor, women, building community and NGO capacity
A.5 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS)
The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) were first promulgated in 1993 and have been amended in 1995 and 2000.
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The following standards are specified therein:
. Maximum allowable concentrations of pollutants (32 parameters) in municipal and liquid industrial effluents discharged to inland waters, sewage treatment facilities, and the sea (three separate sets of numbers)
. Maximum allowable concentrations of pollutants (16 parameters) in gaseous emissions from industrial sources
The Guidelines for “Self-Monitoring and Reporting” (SMART) for the industry as approved by the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) are attached in Annexure 1.2.
A copy of the Government of Pakistan, Gazette Notification dated August 10, 2000 regarding NEQS is attached as Annexure – 1.3.
A.6 Sectoral Guidelines for Environmental Reports
These guidelines identify the key environmental issues that need to be assessed as well as mitigation measures and project alternatives to be considered in the actual EIA. These guidelines include:
. Sector overview of the industry and the processes
. Potential impacts on the environment
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. Mitigation measures
. Monitoring and reporting
. Management and training
. Checklist of likely environmental impacts and mitigation measures
A.7 Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas
These guidelines identify sensitive and critical areas in Pakistan in relation to both the natural environment and the cultural aspects.
A.8 Forest Act, 1927
All India Forest Act, 1927 has been adopted by the Government of Pakistan, which has been implemented by the respective provinces. The law was enacted to conserve and protect the forest resources of the country for sustainable development. It lays down Rules and Regulations for exploitation of various categories of forests such as reserved, protected or unclassified. Further, the Act details the licensing method for timber cutting, grazing, hunting, etc. It also provides details of the magisterial powers of Forest Department officers and penalties for offences committed with regard to forest resources and products.
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A.9 Other Relevant Laws
Some of the other relevant laws and legislations are listed below:
. Industrial Relations Ordinance, 1969
. Canal and Drainage Act, 1873
. The Explosives Act, 1884
. The Fire Wood and Charcoal (Restriction ) Act, 1964
. Motor Vehicles Ordinance, 1965
. The West Pakistan Regulation and Control of Loudspeaker and Sound Amplifier Ordinance, 1965
. Agriculture Pesticides Ordinance, 1971
. The Antiquities Act, 1975
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B. International Requirements
B.1 The Asian Development Bank (ADB) Environmental Assessment Process
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) introduced EIA requirements in 1992. The ADB “Environmental Assessment Guidelines” were published in 2003. Since 1994, the ADB has approved a number of policies to guide its project and policy cycles as well as to ensure accountability of borrowing countries, project proponents, and the Bank itself. The policies can be categorized into three: safeguards, sector and others.
The Safeguard Policies include the Environment (2002), Indigenous Peoples (1998) and Involuntary Resettlement (1995) policies. All three Safeguard Policies are due for revision and ADB intends to address emerging environmental and social challenges of development in its Developing Member Countries (DMC). Sector Policies include Energy (2000), Fisheries (1997), Forestry (1995), Water (2001), etc. Among the other important policies are the Public Communications Policy (2005) and ADB Accountability Mechanism (2004).
According to Asian Development Bank, “Safeguard Policy Statement 2009”:
ADB Environmental Policy: The ADB Environmental; Policy addresses five main challenges. According to the ADB, the Environmental Policy is
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based on its Poverty Reduction Strategy and Long-Term Strategic Framework.
The area around the proposed project site has a sensitive environment comprising prime agricultural soils, human settlements, Cholistan desert biodiversity, mango orchards and cultural sites.
Because of strict compliance with the environmental management system during the operational phase of the plant, all environmental aspects including stack gaseous emissions as well as particulate matter will remain well within the prescribed limits of the World Bank Standards. All effluents will be treated to meet the requirements of the World Bank Standards. Noise levels will also conform to the World Bank limiting values. Solid waste will also be disposed off in environmentlly sustainable manner and necessary documentation will be maintained. Most likely, it will be done through a contractor, who will be provided due information about the wastes to be disposed by him. A record of the wastes will be maintained to tackle any eventuality likely to occur.
The overall environmental aspects of the proposed project will be managed according to Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Management Monitoring Plan (Section -7).
In the light of facts regarding the project, when judged on the criteria for the “Asian Development Bank, Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003- Determination of the Environment Category” the project merits for
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placement in Category–A. This conclusion for placing the project in Category-A is further supported by the same document under “Sample Categorization for the Project Types”.
The EIA provides an assessment of the potential impacts of the project and compares them to feasible alternatives. Mitigation measures are provided to be incorporated during construction and operational stages of the project in order to make the project environmentally friendly.
B.2 ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, June 2009
According to the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, June 2009 for existing facilities, “for projects involving facilities and/or business activities that already exist or/are under construction, the borrower/client will under take an Environment and/or Social Compliance Audit, including on Site Assessment, to indentify past or present concerns related to impacts on the environment, Involuntary Resettlement, and Indigenous People. The objective of the compliance audit is to determine whether actions were in accordance with the ADB’s Safeguard Principles and requirement for borrowers/clients and to identify and plan appropriate measures to address outstanding compliance issues. Where non-compliance is identified, a corrective action plan agreed on by ADB and the borrower/client will be prepared. The plan will define necessary remedial actions, the budget for such actions, and the time frame for resolution of noncompliance.”
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B.3 The World Bank Environmental Assessment Process
The principal international guidance utilized in assessing the significance of impacts from the proposed development, and for determining content and form of reporting from the World Bank was also utilized.
World Bank Operational Policies OP4.01 Environmental Assessment (January 1999):
This sets out the World Bank’s policy on projects requiring an EIA and defines what the assessment is designed to achieve and what issues must be considered. It also sets out guidance for screening projects and identifies other World Bank guidance and policies that may be relevant.
World Bank – Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook (1998):
This handbook sets out the basic principles that are considered appropriate to evaluating and controlling pollution from any defined project. The handbook provides guidance on pollution management and sets out generic environmental standards for air, water and soil pollution. This handbook also provides sector guidance. Of most significance to this project is the guidance for Thermal Power: Guidelines for new plant (July 1998).
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The environmental assessment undertaken in this report also utilizes The World Bank guidelines presented in the “Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook” effective July 1998.
B.4 International Finance Corporation (IFC) Policy and Performance Standards on Social and Environmental Sustainability
The IFC applies the Performance Standards 1 to 8 to manage social and environmental risks and impacts and to enhance development opportunities in its private sector financing in its member countries
eligible for financing.
Environmental Assessment is the primary administrative tool to integrate environmental considerations into decision making of all types of development initiatives such as formulating policies, programs and project funding.
C. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
The capability of regulatory institutions for environmental management largely, ensures the success of environmental assessment for ensuring that development projects are environmentally sound and sustainable. For decision-making and policy formulation relating to environmental and conservation issues, the institutional framework, as it exists in Pakistan, is described below:
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C.1 Federal Government Institutions
The Ministry of Environment, Government of Pakistan, deals with the environment and wildlife issues at the federal level. Within the Ministry, the National Conservation Strategy (NCS) Unit, established in 1992, is responsible for overseeing the implementation of the Strategy.
Two organizations, the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) and the Pak-EPA, are primarily responsible for administering the provisions of PEPA, 1997. The PEPC oversees the functioning of the Pak- EPA. Its members include representatives of the government, industry, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector. The Pak-EPA is required to ensure compliance with the NEQS, establish monitoring and evaluation systems, and both identify the need to, as well as initiate legislation whenever necessary. It is thus the primary implementing agency in the hierarchy. The provincial EPAs are the provincial arms of the federal EPA, which is authorized to delegate powers to its provincial counterparts. One of the functions delegated by the Pak-EPA to the provincial EPAs is the review and approval of environmental assessment reports.
C.2 Provincial Government Institutions
Each province has its own Environmental Protection Ministry, with a Secretary Incharge. Under the Ministry, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) functions with the Director General as Incharge to carry out all functions related to environmental issues. Environmental
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Protection Agency (EPA) under the Minister. The provincial EPAs control planning and development, and are responsible for the approval of the EIA and IEE of new developments projects.
The Punjab Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA) is the provincial agency responsible for the environmental protection and pollution control in the province of Punjab. Accordingly, the proposed project falls in the jurisdiction of PEPA. The EIA report for this project was prepared according to the Guidelines as approved by the Federal Ministry/Pak EPA and being followed by all the four provincial EPAs, was submitted to the Punjab EPA. The Punjab EPA, after duly processing this EIA report, has already issued Environmental Approval (EA)/ No Objection Certificate (NOC) for the project for the construction phase.
C.3 International and National Non-Governmental Organizations
International and national Non-Government Organizations (NGOs), such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), have been active in Pakistan for some time. Both of these NGOs have worked closely with the governments at the federal as well as provincial levels and have positively contributed to the cause of environment. They have played significant roles with regard to the formulation of environmental and conservation policies. Another prominent NGO is the “Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI)” which has also played a very significant role in upholding the cause of environmental protection in Pakistan.
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Environmental NGOs have been particularly active in the advocacy for promoting sustainable development approaches. Most of the government’s environmental and conservation policies, even at the provincial and federal levels have been formulated in consultation with these leading NGOs, who have also been involved in drafting new legislation on conservation.
C.4 International Framework
For the assessment of the environmental impacts of the proposed project on air, water and noise according to the international legal framework, this report has also incorporated the "Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook" by the World Bank Group that became effective in July 1998.
Within this handbook, different guidelines are mentioned for the purpose of assessing industrial facilities with respect to their environmental compliance. The guidelines for new thermal power plants are applicable for the preparation of this environmental impact assessment.
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2
Description of the Project
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SECTION – 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
2.1 EXISTING POWER GENERATION FACILITIES AT JDW SUGAR MILLS LIMITED
Present sugar cane crushing capacity of Jamal Din Wali Sugar Mills Limited (JSML), belonging to JDW group of industries, is 20,000 tonnes per day or 833.3 tonnes per hour. The sugar mill is situated in Qasba Shireen, District Rahim Yar Khan, in the Southern Punjab region of Pakistan. The project site is connected to the entire of Pakistan through the national highway and railway running from Karachi to Peshawar through Lahore, the second largest city of the country after Karachi. The project site is also connected to through the airport at Rahim Yar Khan, the district headquarter of the project site. The national highway is convenient for the transport of coal from Karachi to the project site; therefore, there is no need to use railway for transportation of the coal.
The sugar mill is about 40 kms from the city of Rahim Yar Khan. Normally, cane crushing operation is carried out for 120 days in a year. The JDW Group also manages a sugar cane farm of around 40,000 acres. This, besides other advantages, ensures a continuous supply of sugarcane to the mill.
There are two cane milling (crushing) tandems with the capacities of 12,000 TCD and 8000 TCD, respectively. The fiber content of cane is reasonably high and hence the bagasse generation in the plant is 32% on crushed cane. After a deduction of 1.6% towards the use of bagacillo (fine bagasse used for enhancing filtration) in the sugar process and towards losses, a bagasse quantity of 30.4% of cane crushed is available for use in the boilers. JSML presently utilizes the bagasse produced in its captive low-pressure boilers and sells surplus bagasse to nearby consumers.
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JDW Sugar Mills Limited (JSML) present total steam requirement is 432 tonnes per hour at a pressure of 2.4 bar (a) and at about 130 oC temperature for various consumption points in the sugar mill. Presently, the total power requirement of the plant works out to about 21 MW.
The total steam generation for the plant is being met from six steam boilers. Two of the boilers have a capacity of 60 TPH (tonnes per hour) each and the rest of the boilers are with capacity of 80 TPH each. All the six existing boilers produce steam at 24 bar (a) pressure and 350 oC temperature. All boilers are designed to use bagasse as fuel. Normally, all boilers operate at their rated capacity to meet with the process and electric generation steam requirements of 432 TPH. The mills and shredders are driven with back pressure steam turbines.
The electric power requirement of the sugar plant is being met by a battery of five (5) turbo generators. The capacities of the turbo generators are 2x6 MW, 2x5 MW and 2x3 MW, aggregating to 28 MW of installed capacity. All the turbines used for power generation are of the backpressure type using steam of 23 bar (a) pressure and about 345 oC temperature. The exhaust pressure of the turbines is at 2.5 bar (a), and the entire exhaust steam from all the turbines is used for the sugar processing. The balance of the process steam requirement is met through the steam drawn through the pressure reducing valve and desuperheating stations.
There are two diesel generation sets with the respective capacities of 1250 KVA and 625 KVA, all with the generation voltage of 415 V. JSML is planning to bring down the steam consumption in the process to 36% from the present level of 51.8% of cane crushed. JSML will be supplied with a maximum of 300 TPH from the proposed power plant keeping in view the planned steam economy measures.
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2.2 PROPOSED COGENERATION POWER PROJECT OF JDWPL
The project proponent of JDW Power (Pvt.) LTD proposes to establish a modern high pressure bagasse based cogeneration power plant at JSML with 80 MW (2x40 MW) installed capacity. M/S Avant-Garde Engineers and Consultants (Private) Limited, Chennai-600116, India, due to their vast experience in design and implementation of high pressure Cogeneration projects, were selected for the preparation of the feasibility report for the JDW Power project.
Cogeneration is generally defined as the coincident generation of electrical power and useful thermal energy from the same input fuel. High pressure steam is generated and used in a steam turbine for generating power and the steam is extracted from the turbine at low pressures and the heat energy in the low pressure steam is used in the sugar process. This type of cogeneration is also known as combined heat & power cycle (CHP).
The cogeneration scheme proposed (Figure–2.1), at JDWPL, envisages two identical units of 40 MW capacities each. Each unit will be designed with a 210 tonnes per hour capacity boiler with the outlet steam parameters of 110 bar (a) pressure and 540 oC temperature.
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Figure – 2.1
PROPOSED COGENERATION SCHEME
Sugar Cane
Existing JSML Sugar Cane Milling Processing Proposed JDWPL
Bagasse Sugar Product
Coal
Boilers
Boiler Feed Water High Pressure Steam Return Condensate
Dearetor
Feed Water Steam Turbo - Low Pressure Tank Condensate Generators Steam
Electricity
Power To JSML
National Grid
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The cogeneration plant boilers will be designed with a traveling grate with hydraulic drive to burn bagasse and coal. The steam turbines will be double extraction-cum-condensing machines with water cooled condensers. Cogeneration concept proposed uses higher pressure and temperature steam to get more power out of the system with surplus power, over and above that required for the operation of the sugar plant, which will be exported to the national electricity grid. The plant will be exporting surplus power to the national grid system during sugar cane crushing season and all available power during off-season.
During the sugarcane crushing season, bagasse will be used as the fuel source. During the off-season, surplus bagasse will be available for about 60 days operation and imported coal will be used for the remaining period.
Since most of the steam will required to be condensed during off-season, the steam turbines surface condensers will be sized for taking in the off-season exhaust steam flow.
Table – 2.1 indicates material balance during sugar cane crushing season and off- season, covering: fuels requirement, production of steam & its distribution and generation of electricity and its distribution. During sugar cane crushing season about 51.8 MW of electricity will be exported to national grid and during off- season the project will be able to export approximately 71.8 MW of electricity. The feasibility study for the project assumes that on an average cane crushing will carried out for 120 days.
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Table – 2.1 DWPL – MATERIAL BALANCE (During Project Operation)
Sugar Season Off-Season One Two One Two
Set Sets Set Sets Bagasse Input, TPH (for 56 days only) 84.68 169.36 62.96 125.92 Coal Input, TPH 18.44 36.88 Boiler, Design/Required Steam Production, TPH 210.00 420.00 153.00 306.00 Steam used in Steam Turbine, TPH 210 420 153 306 Steam extracted for Sugar Processing, TPH 150 300 0.00 0.00 Steam Condensed and used in feed water heating, 57.62 115.24 151.08 302.16 TPH Losses 2.38 4.76 1.92 3.84 Total Steam Consumed, TPH 210 420 153 306 Power Generation, MW 40.00 80.00 40.00 80.00 Electricity Consumed in Power Plant, MW 7.2 7.2 Electricity Consumed in JSML, MW 21.00 1.00 Electricity Exported, MW 51.8 71.8 Total Electricity Used, MW 80.00 80.00 Note: TPH = tonnes per hour One Set = One generator with one boiler in operation Two Sets = Two generators with two boilers in operation
Both boilers will be equipped with electrostatic precipitators (ESP). Feasibility study for the proposed project indicated that the ESP will be designed to contain dust emissions to 100 mg/Nm3 during bagasse as well as coal operation. According to recent information provided by the project consultants, M/S Avant- Garde, the dust emissions will be reduced to 50 mg/Nm3 by addition of ESP units. The Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) requirement for particulate matter is 300 mg/Nm3 for oil fired boilers and 500 mg/Nm3 for coal fired boilers. The standards limit the carbon monoxide (CO) in stack at 800 mg/Nm3 and sulphur oxide at 1700 mg/Nm3.
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A common chimney will be installed for both boilers with height of 100 meters and 4 meters diameter.
Table – 2.2 presents the requirement of electricity and its generation.
Table – 2.2 POWER REQUIREMENT AND GENERATION
Bagasse as Fuel
Season Off-Season Coal as Fuel Operating Days 120 60 134 Installed Capacity, MW 80 80 80 Power Requirement - Power House Internal Use, MW 7.2 7.2 7.2 - Sugar Plant Use, MW 21 1 1 - Power Export, MW 51.8 71.8 71.8 Annual Power Requirement - Power House Internal Use, MWH 20,736.00 10,368.00 23,155.20 - Sugar Plant Use, MWH 60,480.00 1,440.00 3,216.00 - Power Export, MWH 149,184.00 103,392.00 230,908.80 Sub-Total, MWH 230,400.00 115,200.00 257,280.00
TOTAL ANNUAL GENERATION, MWH at 602,880.00 100% Plant Load Factor
2.3 SITE FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT & PLANT LAYOUT
The plant site is located at an altitude of about 150 meters above mean sea level. The global co-ordinates of the plant is 28” 31’ 52” N (latitude) and 70” 4’ 30” E (Longitude). Annexure -2.1 presents various location map of the project. Detailed layout map of the project is presented in Annexure - 2.2.
The proposed project is located north of the JSML plant site. Sufficient land is available for the power plant installations close to JSML.
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The proposed new power plant will be constructed north of the existing JSML factory as shown in Annexure – 2.1 & 2.2. The proposed power plant is considered a green field development.
The final design of the plant will be determined during the detailed engineering works to be conducted prior to construction. However, the main features will be the generator house, boiler plant and stack, water supply & process water treatment facilities (including cooling water unit), wastewater treatment plants, electric distribution and switchyard, bagasse & coal storage and handling areas/facilities, ash handling facilities, fire-fighting & safety facilities and laboratory facilities. The most prominent feature of the site within the surrounding areas is likely to be the boilers chimney (stack).
2.4 BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE AND FACILITIES
All the basic infrastructure like roads; transport; water; repair and maintenance workshops and technicians; communication facilities like telephone, fax and email; utilities required to run the plant smoothly, office buildings, hostel, medical facilities, security etc., already exist at JSML, Qasba Shireen, Jamal Din Wali, District Rahim Yar Khan. Sharing of these facilities with the upcoming Power plant will not only reduce the initial capital cost of the project but also reduce its recurring cost thus making the project more cost effective.
2.5 PROJECT WATER REQUIREMENT AND SUPPLY
The site will require make up and cooling water for the operation. The water requirement of the proposed power plant is to be met from tube-wells. The ground water availability is good and reliable. However, there is plenty of surface water available from nearby irrigation canal system. Water from the canal could be utilized in case of emergency.
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Hydrology report showing the availability of underground water, along with necessary details is attached as ANNEXURE-2.3.
Due to plentiful availability of water, it has been decided to go with water cooled condensing system for the cogeneration plant. The raw water supply has been planned to be provided by tube-wells installed within the proposed plant boundary. The raw water will be used as a source for make up water for the losses in the process steam, boiler blow down, cooling tower blow down, service water, etc.
It has been proposed to provide totally independent raw water and treated water system for the proposed cogeneration project. The new system will include the storage reservoir, clarifier, reverse osmosis and de-mineralization system and storage tanks.
The proposed plant will be located in the area which is being fed by an elaborate irrigation canal system; with the result that ground water aquifer is being regularly replenished. Shortage of ground water is not expected. Analysis of ground water is presented in Annexure-2.4.
Cooling Tower
The capacity of the cooling tower for 80 MW plant shall be a minimum of 8,700 m3/hr, and there shall be a minimum of three (3) Cells.
Reverse Osmosis (RO) Plant
The RO plant shall be designed to have two streams of 33 m3/hr. each. Adequately sized neutralizing pit shall be provided near the RO plant for collecting the discharges from the RO plant and effectively neutralizing the same before pumping the waste to the sugar plant’s effluent treatment system.
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Demineralized (DM) Water Plant
DM water plant will be installed for complete demineralization of raw water for use as boilers makeup water. Regeneration effluents after neutralization will be sent to the wastewater treatment plant.
2.6 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
Liquid effluents from all sources including sewage to be generated in the power plant will be treated according to required levels of the National Environmental Quality Standards as well as those by the World Bank, before discharging into the near by water canal, after due permission from the competent authority incharge of the canal. The process for getting permission has already been initiated. It is estimated that 50 to 60% of the liquid effluents will be recycled thus reducing the requirement of raw makeup water by 40 to 50% Annexure-2.5. Thus there is no possibility of any damage to the agriculture crops in the least.
2.7 FUEL AVAILABILITY, REQUIREMENT & SUPPLY
The proposed cogeneration plant will be designed to utilize bagasse and imported coal as fuel.
Fuel consumption during cane crushing season and off-season is indicated in Table-2.3, below:
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Table – 2.3
FUEL CONSUMPTION
1. During Season Condition
Boiler Efficiency on HHV Basis considering : 70% 2163 kcal/kg (9052.16 kJ/kg)
Boiler Efficiency on LCV Basis considering : 88.5% 1721.47 kcal/kg (7204.365 kJ/kg)
Bagasse Consumption in boiler for generating : 169.36 TPH 374.58 (both boilers) TPH of steam generation
Net Plant Electric Efficiency considering LCV : 21.57% Efficiency
2. During Off-Season Condition Considering Bagasse Firing
Boiler Efficiency on HHV Basis considering : 70% 2163 kcal/kg (9052.16 kJ/kg)
Boiler Efficiency on LCV Basis considering : 88.5% 1721.47 kcal/kg (7204.365 kJ/kg)
Bagasse Consumption in boiler for generating : 125.92 TPH 302.16 (both boilers) TPH of steam generation
Net Plant Electric Efficiency considering LCV : 29.02% Efficiency
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3. During Off-Season Condition Considering Coal Firing
Boiler Efficiency on HHV Basis considering : 85.1% 6074 kcal/kg (25419.69 kJ/kg)
Boiler Efficiency on LCV Basis considering : 88.49% 5841.91 kcal/kg (24448.39 kJ/kg)
Coal Consumption in boiler for generating : 36.88 TPH 302.16 (both boilers) TPH of steam generation
Net Plant Electric Efficiency considering LCV : 29.2% Efficiency
Bagasse
Sugar cane on crushing and extraction leaves a residue called bagasse. The geographical area surrounding the sugar mill is about 1,071,473 acres out of which the cultivated area is 922,598 acres. The major crops in the area are cotton, wheat and sugar cane. About 20% of the area is under sugar cane cultivation and is growing. JDW Corporate Farms currently manage about 40,000 acres of cultivable land and nearly 20% of the cane supply to the mill comes from the farms. Cane supply to JSML comprises of 80% supply from local growers and 20% supply from the JDW Corporate Farms. JSML has not experienced any shortage of sugar cane during its operation.
With 833.3 tonnes per hour crushing of cane, the bagasse generated in the plant will be 266.66 tonnes per hour (TPH). Out of this, 13.33 TPH of bagasse (about 5% of the bagasse generated) is set aside for meeting with the bagacillo requirements for vacuum filtration in JSML, losses, etc., and balance (253.33 tonnes per hour) is available for JDWPL for use as fuel in the boilers of cogeneration plant.
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Annexure – 2.6 present copies of Avant-Garde drawings No. 4.1 & 4.2, showing the generation and consumption of bagasse during sugar cane crushing season and off-season. The bagasse consumption has been revised by the JDWPL to 84.69 tonnes per hour for each boiler during cane crushing season and 62.96 tonnes per hour during off-season.
During sugar cane crushing season (120 days) 241,834 tonnes of bagasse will available as surplus for utilization during off-season. At full power plant capacity utilization during off-season the bagasse will be available for about 60 days operation. During remaining period (130 days) imported coal will used as fuel. Technically the power plant will operate on bagasse as fuel for 180 days (120 + 60) at full power generation capacity utilization.
Of the major advantages of using bagasse as fuel in the power plant and locating it adjacent to the sugar plant is that transportation costs are eliminated. The bagasse will be consumed in the vicinity where it is generated. The bagasse from JSML will be transported to the cogeneration plant through conveyors and the surplus bagasse will be stored for future use during off-season.
Permission will be obtained for the right of way to pass steam pipe and baggass conveyer belt, from the competent authorities in charge of the road and canal. Rather, this process of obtaining permission from the concerned authorities has already been initiated and the moment the permission letters are issued, they will be sent to the ADB concerned authorities.
At full capacity utilization for power generation each boiler during off-season will consume 62.96 TPH of bagasse or 18.44 TPH of coal, with the Higher Heating Valve (HHV) of 6,074 kcal/kg.
Imported Coal
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The project feasibility visualizes that coal will be imported from Indonesia, South Africa and Australia as most suitable sources of coal supply.
It is assumed that at 6,074 kcal/kg, imported coal of analysis shown in Anneuxre- 2.7, will be imported. The power plant will require up to 120,000 tonnes of coal per annum depending on calorific value and dispatch from the national grid.
The coal for the proposed power plant will be imported to Karachi by ships and thereafter will be transported by road trucks to the plant site near Rahim Yar Khan. The distance between Karachi and the project site is about 700 Km.
For coal handling from Karachi to the power plant site in an environmentally sustainable order, complete detail has been provided in Section 7, “Environment Management Plan”
2.8 ASH HANDLING
According to the project feasibility study, ash handling system envisaged for the cogeneration plant is of two types and shall be provided for two boilers individually:
Submerged scrapper conveyor system for grate ash. Dense phase handling system for fly ash.
The ash received in the grate discharge hoppers will be around 500 oC, with ash lumps of size 200 mm maximum. The ash from ash riddling hopper will be dry and powdery in nature and occasionally without solids. The temperature of the ash will be around 200 oC maximum.
The fly ash from the Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) Hoppers will be dry and powdery in nature and occasionally with hot solids. The temperature of ash will be around 200 oC maximum. The fly ash from the Air Heater Hopper will be dry
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and powdery in nature and occasionally with hot solids. The temperature of ash will be around 300 oC maximum.
The project will produce both bagasse and coal ash. To minimize the impact on the environment and maximize value creation, the power plant will implement an ash utilization plan. Ash will be handled in dry form and directly loaded into enclosed trucks of the end-users through ash silos.
The project is projected to produce about 5,850 tonnes / annum of bagasse grate ash and 8,700 tonnes / annum of bagasse fly ash. As the bagasse ash is rich in field nutrients such as potash and phosphates, the power plant will make the bagasse ash available free of cost to JDW’s corporate farms and local farmers for application in the field.
The project is also expected to produce about 7,200 tonnes of coal bottom ash and 7,200 tonnes of coal fly ash. The power plant will make coal ash available free of cost for utilization in cement plants, brick kilns, building materials and construction industries. There are about 50 brick kilns operating within a radius of 30 to 40 kms of power plant site. The management of these brick kilns and other industries will be formally approached to secure agreements to off-take the coal ash.
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2.9 OPERATION EFFICIENCY
2.9.1 During Cane Crushing Season
Boiler efficiency at HHV of bagasse has been estimated to be an average of 70%, according to the feasibility report. The boiler efficiency with Lower Heating Value (LHV) of bagasse will be 88.5%. HHV and LHV of 50% moisture bagasse respectively are 2,200 kcal/kg and 1,739 kcal/kg.
The fuel supplied for the operation of both boilers will be 169.36 TPH of bagasse with HHV of 2,200 kcal/kg or 9,205 kj/kg. The LHV of bagasse fuel will be 1,739 kcal/kg or 7,280 kJ/kg. The fuel heat input, based on LHV of the fuel, to the boilers per hour will be 1,213.722 GJ/hr.
The net electric efficiency of the plant will be 21.57% during the season operation of the cogeneration plant. Taking into consideration the thermal energy supplied from the cogeneration plant, the efficiency called the Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Efficiency works out to 78.36% as discussed below:
The net electric power = 73,140 kW or 263.304 GJ/hr.
Heat energy supplied to Sugar = 730.706 GJ/hr process
Heat Energy returned to = 110.934 GJ/hr Cogeneration plant
Net Thermal Energy Supplied = (730.706 – 110.934)= 691.772 GJ per Hour CHP Efficiency =(263.304+691.772)/1213.721)x100 = 78.69%.
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2.9.2 During Off-season
The boiler efficiency with HHV of bagasse is estimated to be 70%. The boiler efficiency with LHV of bagasse will be 88.5%. Under coal firing, the boiler efficiency with the HHV of coal is estimated to be 85.1% and with LHV of coal is estimated to be 88.49%. The plant design HHV and the LHV of coal respectively has been taken at 6,074 kcal/kg or 25419.69 kJ/kg and 5841.91 kcal/kg or 24448.39 kJ/kg.
The fuel supplied for the operation of both the boilers, under bagasse firing will be 125.92 TPH. The fuel heat input to the cogeneration plant, based on LHV of bagasse, per hour of off-season operation will be 916.697 GJ/hr.
Under coal firing, the fuel supplied for the operation of both the boilers will be 36.88 TPH.
Under the off-season operation, the CHP efficiency is not applicable and only the plant electric efficiency is applicable. The net electric efficiency of the plant, based on LHV, under bagasse firing will be 29.02%.
The net electric efficiency of the plant, based on LHV under coal firing will be 29.2%.
The JDWPL project will approximately replace 120,000 MT of coal per annum, based on the electrical energy exported to the grid when using bagasse as fuel. Apart from saving in the foreign exchange outflow, this will have a very great mitigating effect on the green house gas emissions to the atmosphere. The above discussion justifies the project from the point of view of augmenting the generation capacity without much deleterious effect on the environment. In addition to the above, the project will add to the much needed additional generating capacity to the grid.
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Overall energy efficiency of the proposed JDWPL plant will be increased viz-a- viz the existing JSML boiler & generators, using available bagasse. These will be achieved by use of efficient new high pressure high efficiency boilers & generators and by retiring JSML inefficient boilers and turbo generators.
The renewable energy bagasse based cogeneration plant achieves the objective of a clean sustainable development without damage to the environment. The proposed bagasse based cogeneration project will be responsible for curtailment of the Green House Gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere.
2.10 PROPOSED PROJECT SCHEDULE
Detailed project schedule is attached as Annexure-2.7. The cogeneration plant is expected to be in operation within about 24 months from the signing of the EPC contract.
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3
Description of the Environment
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SECTION – 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 PHYSICAL RESOURCES OF THE PROJECT AREA
Physical resources of the project area are discussed below:
3.1.1 Atmosphere
(a) Ambient Gaseous Monitored Data
Baseline data for ambient gases was collected from the proposed project site.
Monitoring was carried out for Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Carbon Monoxide (CO) at 6 locations shown in the Annexure-3.1.
The monitored values of ambient gases (SO2, NO2 and CO) for 24 hours average on the proposed project site remain at 58.4 µg/m3, 59.3 µg/m3 and 66.6 µg/m3 respectively. These values are well with in the acceptable limits of 150 ug/m3,
each for SO2 and NO2 for 24 hours average, as set by the World Bank, while no limit for CO is set by the WB (Ref- Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, World Bank Group, Effective July 1998).
(b) Ambient Particulate Matter Monitored Data
Baseline data for ambient particulate matter (PM10) was also collected from the project site. Monitoring was also carried out for twenty four hours as shown in the Annexure-3.2
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The 24 hours average monitored PM10 on the project site remain at minimum 59.3 to a maximum 81.3 µg/m3 in twenty four hours, which falls within the acceptable limits of 150 µg/m3 as prescribed by the World Bank.
(C) Baseline Noise Level Monitored Data
Ambient noise levels measurement were carried out at nine locations, within the boundary walls of the proposed power house site, at four boundary walls of the plant and at the adjacent road. The noise level monitored data are attached as Annexure – 3.3. The noise levels at the monitored site remain at minimum of 34 dB (A) to maximum 69 dB (A).
Resultantly, noise levels with in the plant site are in compliance with the prescribed limit of 85 dB (A) as set by the National Environment Quality Standards (NEQS), Pakistan and 70 dB (A) by the World Bank.
3.1.2 Climate
Pakistan is situated on the western margin of one of the main monsoon regions of the world. Due to this, the climate of the country is more Continental than that of the other parts of Subcontinent.
Pakistan has four seasons: a cool, dry winter from December through February; a hot, dry spring from March through May; the summer rainy season, or southwest monsoon period, from June through September; and the retreating monsoon period of October and November. The onset and duration of these seasons vary somewhat according to location. Rainfall can vary radically from year to year, and successive patterns of flooding and drought are not uncommon.
Generally, the climate of the Rahim Yar Khan District is hot and dry in the summer and cold and dry in the winter. The summer season is comparatively longer. It starts in April and continues until October. The winter season goes from
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-3, Description of the Environment Page – 3.3 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project November to March. However, the month of March and November are pleasant. Dust storms are frequent during the summer season.
Temperature: Mean monthly temperature during July = 30 – 35 0C Mean monthly temperature during January = 10 – 15 0C
i- Hottest Month: M. Min. = 29.0 o C M. Max. = 41.1 o C ii- Coldest month: M. Min. = 4.7 oC M. Max. = 20.00C Rainfall:
Rainfall (July to December) = 100 - 150 mm Rainfall (December to March) = 50 - 80 mm Mean annual rainfall = 100 - 160mm
3.1.3 Topography and Geography
Pakistan lying in the northwestern part of the Southern Asian Subcontinent, occupies the western end of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. The Indo-Gangetic Plains is a large and fertile plain encompassing the most populous parts of Pakistan, most of northern and eastern India, parts of southern Nepal and virtually all of Bangladesh. The region is named after the Indus and the Ganges, the twin river systems that drain it.
The Indo-Gangetic belt is the world's most extensive expanse of uninterrupted alluvium formed by the deposition of silt by the numerous rivers. The plains are flat and mostly treeless, making it conducive for irrigation through canals. The area is also rich in ground water sources.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-3, Description of the Environment Page – 3.4 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project The plains are one of the world's most intensely farmed areas. The main crops grown are rice and wheat, which are grown in rotation. Others include maize, sugarcane and cotton. The Indo-Gangetic plains rank among the world's most densely populated areas.
Pakistan is divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands; the Indus River plain, with two major subdivisions corresponding roughly to the provinces of Punjab and Sindh; and the Balochistan Plateau.
Rahim Yar Khan District, where the proposed project is to be located, is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Rahim Yar Khan is the capital of the district. The district lies between 27.40' - 29.16' north latitudes and 60.45' - 70.01' east longitudes. The Indus flows on the northern outskirts of the districts of Dera Ghazi Khan and Muzaffargarh. There is no other river, Nullah or lake in this district.
This district is divided into three main physical features i.e. (a) Riverside area (b) Canal irrigated area and (c) Desert area which is called Cholistan. The Riverside area of the district lies close on the southern side of the Indus river mainly falling in the river bed. The canal irrigated area lies on the South and is separated by main Minchan Bund. The approximate height of the irrigated area is 150 to 200 meters above the sea level. The third part of the area called Cholistan lies in the south of the irrigated tract up to the Indo-Pak border.
Jamal Din Wali’s irrigated area, where the project is located, falls in the Bahawalpur Plain of the Upper Indus Plain. The Bahawalpur Plain area along eastern side of the river Sutlej is included/grouped with ‘DOABAS” because the riverine tract is followed by upland identical with Bars of the DOABAS. Its North-eastern part is covered and meander flood plain, the central part is sandy plan of which large area is leveled and being irrigated. Along its southern border is Ghaggar channel, Bahawal Nagar, Bahawalpur and Rahim Yar Khan; areas which are the best for cotton, while sugar cane and wheat are also grown in large
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-3, Description of the Environment Page – 3.5 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project quantities. Cholistan desert extends up to around 50 km along the main railway line on the South-East side.
3.1.4 Soil
Soils form a major part of environment. Their fertility and other special characteristics have an important relationship with the environment. Climate has great influence on the formation of soils; therefore, study of these factors is of importance. Soil is the dynamic layer in which many complex physical, chemical and biological activities are taking place. Soil scientists restrict the word soil or solum to the surface materials which over the ages have adopted the distinctive layers or horizon. Soils are made up of solids, liquids and gases. The solid part of the soil is made up of both inorganic and organics. While weathering of rocks make inorganic particles, the organic solids consist of living and decayed plants. In order to classify the entire soils in Pakistan, the Soil Survey of Pakistan has divided the country into nine ecological zones.
The fertile land of Jamal Din Wali falls in the sub-recent River Plains and consists of areas between Old River Terraces and the recent times floodplains of the rivers. There is a great similarity in the nature of sediments, depositional pattern and their configuration to that of the “BAR” areas.
As regards their age, they are much younger than the “Bar” areas and have been deposited only during sub-recent times. It is this age difference which is responsible for weaker development in these soils. Because of illuviation or elluviation of clay, calcic horizon, vertic characteristic and features are absent in the soils of this area. The soils are developed to only moderate depths. Orchic epipedon and cambic horizon are found in the soils. In local language these soils are called “Bangar” Soils.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-3, Description of the Environment Page – 3.6 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project 3.1.5 Ground & Surface Water
The land mass of District Rahim Yar Khan, where the project site is located can be safely divided into two parts - the fertile land and the desert of Cholistan. The Jamal Din Wali town where the Sugar Mill and proposed project site is located falls in the fertile part of the land which is one among the food baskets of Pakistan. Canal water and underground sweet water are the two main sources of water for irrigation.
The project site is plain. Under ground water being sweet in most of the areas, it is used for irrigation through tube wells. Canals also provide water for irrigation.
a) Underground Water:
Hydro-geological map showing the proposed project site is presented as Figure – 3.1 (next page).
The total land mass of 14, 83,000.0 acres of Rahim Yar Khan District is irrigated from the underground sweet water through tube wells numbering 39,771 and canals.
This underground water available in large quantities will be used for the entire needs of the project. Extraction of water for project needs will not be at the cost of its availability for irrigation or other uses. Hydrology report in this regard is included in this EIA report.
Laboratory test results of the water collected from the tube well on the project site are attached as Annexure- 2.4
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-3, Description of the Environment Page – 3.7 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Figure – 3.1 Project Location Map
b) Surface Water/Wet Lands
There are no wet lands in the area in the true sense. Ahmedwa Canal and Jamalwa Canal from Bhong Canal Head works of the Indus River System also feed the fairly large part of the irrigated lands. A creek of the River Indus flows at a distance of about 8-10 Km away from the project site.
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3.1.5 Seismology
The proposed project site area is located in Seismic Zone-11, as shown in Figure – 3.2.
Zone - 11 is the largest zone with respect to area, but it has the least seismic activity. It covers most parts of Punjab and Sindh including the western areas of India. In the south it covers the coastal areas of Sindh where a few but significant historical earthquakes are found; however, there are generally few earthquakes in this zone.
Figure – 3.2
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3.2 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES
The proposed project is not located in the protected or coastal areas.
3.2.1 Fishery and Aquatic Biology
Very small amount of fish is occasionally found in the Ahmad Wah tributary which is far to away from the project site. There are no fish farms at least within 15 km radius of the project site or any other source of fish in the entire area.
3.2.2 Biodiversity
Natural capital of a country mainly includes all of a country’s wilderness areas and scenic landscapes, including the associated flora and fauna. Pakistan has a total of nine major ecological zones. The contribution of the “Natural capital” is recognized at three distinct levels: species, genera, and communities (habitat and ecosystem). Both collectively and within each level, the range or variety of the resources is referred to as the “Biological Diversity”. The term has relevance for each of Pakistan’s administrative units—district, province, and particularly country. The more the number of species, genera and habitats and ecosystems present within these units, the greater is said to be the Biodiversity. The biodiversity of the area, with this background, is discussed as under:
Forestry:
There are no forests within about 40 km radius of the project site.
Flora:
Plantation, grasses and shrubs along road, rail, and canal and river side exist. Similarly, in general, trees, grasses and shrubs exist on the cultivable land. The land is fertile. Major
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-3, Description of the Environment Page – 3.10 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project cash crops include sugar cane, cotton, wheat and pulses. Trees, grasses and shrubs found both in the irrigated areas and Cholistan desert are listed as below:
Table – 3.1
Local name Botanical name Local name Botanical name Kikar Acacia Arabia White siris Albizzia procera Phulahi Acacia modesta Nim Azadirachta indica Siris Albizzia lebbek |Aam Mangifera indca Amaltas Cassia fistula Jal or Wan Salvadora oleodes Lasura Odia mixa Frash Tamarix articulate Shisham tali Dalbergia sisso Arjan Terminalia arjuna Jaman Eugenia jambolana SHRUBS: Pipal Ficus retusa Babri Acacia jacquemontii Barh Fecus bengalenisis Jawanh Alhaji-camelorum Bakain Melia azdarach Karir Capparis aphylla Toot Morus alba Phog Calligonum polygonodes Poplar Populus spp Aak Alotropis procera Date palm Phoenix dactylifera Khar Haloxilon recurvum Jand Prosopis spicigera Lani Salsola feetida Mesquite Prosopis glandulosa Lana Suaeda froticora Sukh cahain Pongamia glabra
GRASSES: GRASSES: Khabbal Cynodon dactylon Siriala Hetropogon contortus Khowi Cymbopogon Gam mali Panicum antidotale jwaraucusa Dhaman Cenchrus ciliaris Sanwakt Panicum colnum Sinn ghorkhs Elionurus hirsutus Kana Saccharum munja
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-3, Description of the Environment Page – 3.11 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project Dabb Eragrostic Kundar Typha angusti-folia cynosuriodes
Wildlife (Fauna)
The area where the project site is located is thickly covered with crops. Due to drastic human interventions very few wild animals are found in the area. Those found include jackals, Black Cobra, lizards, porcupine etc. However, The Cholistan Desert, situated at distance of about 60 KM from the project site, is quite rich in wild life treasure. It will be worth mentioning that due to pouching, hunting and loss of habitat on account of over grazing, some of the wild life is decreasing in number. Rearing of buffalos and cows is done for milk both for own use and for commercial purpose. Goats and sheep are also kept in abundance for meat and milk. Camels and donkeys are also reared for transport of goods especially in villages for carriage of fodder from fields to the farm houses or “dairas”, sugar cane to sugar factories and cotton to ginning factories besides other uses. Rare or endangered species do not exist in the proposed project site or its surrounding areas.
The major wild life in Cholistan desert is listed as below:
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Table – 3.2
Serial Serial Name Name # # 1 Wild hare 12 Chinkara
2 Partridge 13 Lizards
3 Sand grazer 14 Goh
4 Carnis aureus (Jackal) 15 Wild rats
5 Falcon 16 Wolf
6 Hubara bustard 17 Snakes
7 Paracol cat 18 badger( haena)
8 Great Indian Bustard 19 Valpus valpus (Fox)
9 Luggar 20 Ovis orientalis (Urial)
10 Black buck 21 Sus scrofa (Wild boar) 11 Hystrix indica (Porcupine)
3.3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
3.3.1 Industry
The main industries in the district are textile, cotton ginning and pressing, sugar, cottonseed oil, edible oil, soap, beverage making, agricultural implement manufacturing,
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-3, Description of the Environment Page – 3.13 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project and fertilizer manufacturing. Cottage industry includes ginning, pottery/clay products, electric desert cooler, agricultural machinery, handicrafts, food industry, and embroidery.
Besides a number of ginning factories in the district, some bigger industries like Unilever, Coca Cola, RC Cola, United Sugar Mills and Indus Sugar Mills are also operating in the area. Though very slow, yet there is a growing trend in industrialization. The present project and another sugar factory coming up are the examples.
3.3.2 Infrastructure Facilities
There is no instance of flooding of the area where the proposed project is to be located. JSML has adequate sewerage management system. Water supply for JSML is being provided from ground water by tube-wells.
The proposed power plant and the existing JSML sugar plant are located in a rural area. The surrounding villages and settlements have not experienced any problem of ground water, surface water, sewerage and flooding.
Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited natural gas pipeline, supplying gas to northern part of the country, runs along the national highway close to Rahim Yar Khan City.
3.3.3 Transport
Rahim Yar Khan, the district head quarters of the proposed project area is connected with other parts of the country by roads, railway and its own airport. The airport even provides good air link to other countries. The economy of the district is growing quite fast.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-3, Description of the Environment Page – 3.14 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project The proposed plant site is already connected with National Highway (N-5) through adequate road network and addition roads are not required to be constructed.
3.3.4 Land Use
Sufficient land is available for the power plant installations close to its mother project, JSML in Jamal Din Wali, District Rahim Yar Khan. The proposed project is to be located north of existing JSML sugar plant. The land for the proposed project has already been procured. Since the land is uninhabited, re-location/resettlement will not be required.
Since the power plant is to operate within the required emission levels of the World Bank (WB) and the NEQS Pakistan therefore, there is no possibility of any change in the land use.
About 50 to 60 % of the liquid effluents will be recycled thus reducing the requirement of raw make up water by 40 to 50%. The remaining effluent will be treated on the project site to the levels as applicable under the WB and the NEQS Pakistan including also the Thermal Discharges as well as for the other parameters. After due treatment, the effluent, will be discharged into the near by canal for which necessary permission from the competent authority in charge of the canal has been requested for issuance of necessary permission to discharge the treated effluent in to the canal. The moment the No Objection Certificate (NOC) is obtained, which is simply a formality, it will be communicated to the ADB. Thus there is no possibility of any damage to the agriculture crops.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-3, Description of the Environment Page – 3.15 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project 3.3.5 Power Sources and Transmission
The area has adequate power transmission and distribution network. Agriculture tube- wells requirement of power in the area is being met through the WAPDA distribution system.
A separate power transmission system will be required from the proposed power plant to connect to the national grid station near Rahim Yar Khan. As per the Pakistan power policy, this transmission line will be constructed by the National Transmission & Distribution Company (NTDC)/WAPDA. NTDC/WAPDA will also carry out the EIA study for the transmission line in due course as per established practice.
3.3.6 Agricultural & Mineral Development and Tourism Facilities
The area is agriculturally well developed, being one of the richest agriculture districts of the country and the food basket of the Punjab District. As mentioned in the earlier part of this report, the major cash crops in the district are cotton, sugarcane, and wheat. Most of the orchards comprise mangoes and citrus. The district supplies about 24% of the mango produced in the country. Major portion of the mango crop is exported and thus their export earns a handsome foreign exchange. The details of the orchards are given below:
Mango Orchards Detail:
Distance from Orchard Name Owner Name/Owner Profile Resident of the project site (KM-app) Mehmood Bagh Syed Ahmed Mehmood Jamal Din Wali Teh. Sadiqabad Distt: 1 KM (314 Acres) MPA and Chairman of JDW R.Y Khan Sugar Mills Limited. Miran Bagh Syed Ashraf Iqbal (189 Acres) Jamal Din Wali Teh. Sadiqabad Distt: 1 ¼ (276 Acres) Syed Hussain Mehmood R.Y Khan (87 Acres) Local Zamindar Jamal Bagh Syed Ali Akbar Mehmood Jamal Din Wali Teh. Sadiqabad Distt: 2 KM (80 Acres) Ex MPA Local Zamindar R.Y Khan Choudhary Jahangir Choudhary Kizar Hayat Mouza Sheikh Bakhar Basti Jahangir 1 KM Bagh (40 Acres) Teh. Sadiqabad Distt: R. Y. Khan
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-3, Description of the Environment Page – 3.16 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project Minerals availability is non-existent in the district.
Limited tourism facilities exist in the district except for the famous Bhong & Matchka Mosques and the Cholistan Desert.
3.4 CULTURAL AND SOCIAL RESOURCES
3.4.1 Population and Communities
A majority of people in the area belong to the poor segment of the society. Most of them do not have their own piece of land and work as laborers for other land lords and well to do farmers. Feudal system exists in the area. Some of the influential residents of the area are politically active and highly placed in Government quarters. A small segment of people belong to the middle class while there is a fairly large number of people who live below the poverty line.
It is estimated that about 80% of the Rahim Yar Khan District population belongs to rural areas.
People belonging to the different castes and religious sects live in complete harmony with each other. People belonging to the different tribal origins are Khore, Balochi, Kanjan, Sheikh, Vadher, Bochrey, Jholan, Khumbney, Chacher, Solangi, Larr, Mothey, and Chogley in the area. These peoples are governed under the national laws/ policies.
Many people especially rear cows and buffalos for producing milk even on semi commercial scale. It will not be out of place to say that the area is one among the food baskets of the Punjab province. Mostly, villagers follow old traditions in almost every
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-3, Description of the Environment Page – 3.17 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project walk of their life. Elderly people command respect and play a deciding role in decision making.
Underground water through tube-wells and hand pumps and canal water is used for drinking and other house hold purposes.
Approximate population of the villages near the project site, their approximate distances from the project site, availability of health and education facilities are given in Table - 3.3, below:
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-3, Description of the Environment Page – 3.18 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Table - 3.3 showing population around the project site
Distance Population Drinking (approximate) Education Health Electricity Village/City (approximate) Water from Project Facilities Facilities Supply in Numbers Status site, Km 1. Basti Kabul 0.5 800 - 1000 Nil Nil TW, HP ES 2. Basti Sheikh Haji Mosa 1.0 1500 - 1800 Nil Nil TW, HP ES 3. Basti Jahangir 2.0 600 - 800 PS Nil TW, HP ES 4. Basti Malook Wali 2.0 500 - 600 PS (B + G) Nil TW, HP ES 5. Basti Laran 0.5 200-300 PS (B + G) Nil TW, HP ES 6. Basti Jam Bakhu 0.5 200-250 Nil Nil HP ES 7. Jamal Din Wali 1.5 8000 - 10000 PS, MS, HS D, HC, H TW, HP ES
TW = Tube-well; HP = Hand Pump, PS = Primary School; MS = Middle School ES = Electricity Supplied, HS = High School; B = Boys School; G = Girls School D = Dispensary; HC = Health Center: H = Hospital
3.4.2 Health and Education Facilities
A large cross section of the older generation is uneducated. But due to awareness about education, the younger generation of both sexes is now trying to get education in almost every department including science and technology on preferential basis. There is a rising trend in the society to change their old traditional socio-economic pattern of life. Print and electronic media are playing great role in bringing tangible change in the old pattern of life.
Availability of schools and health facilities are far too behind the requirements. In some of the villages there are primary or high schools. For intermediate onward education students have to go to Rahim Yar Khan city.
Medical facilities in most of the villages are lacking and those available are of very preliminary nature.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-3, Description of the Environment Page – 3.19 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project Awareness about importance of education is growing and the same is reflected by the large number of students in educational institutes within the city and in other cities of learning. Road, rail and air links at a distance of 40-50 Km are facilitating the interaction of local people with people from other parts of the country due to which people’s lifestyles are evolving.
3.4.3 Socio-economic Conditions
Most of the population belongs to villages. The villagers and a large cross-section of the urban population still stick to social customs of the old past. A traditional life style is followed in most walks of life. Arranged marriages are liked and they are quite successful. Joint family system prevails. The people, particularly in villages, are very hospitable.
3.4.4 Physical & Cultural Heritage
Bhong Mosque is an important cultural and religious site in the area. There is no other cultural or religious site, graveyard or sacred places in the near vicinity of the project area or along the transport route except the Bhong Mosque situated at a distance of about 20 Km from the project site. The mosque is maintained by a private individual. Religious harmony is also a major character of these communities.
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4
Review of Alternatives
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SECTION – 4 REVIEW OF ALTERNATIVES
4.1 ALTERNATIVES
It is the requirement of the Asian Development Bank as well as best practice that the EIA should consider project alternatives and their relative potential impact on the environment. Alternatives must, however, be both practical and reasonable, within the overall constraints of the proposed project development.
4.2 NO ACTION (ZERO OPTION)
This option requires the EIA to consider the potential positive and negative impacts that may arise if the project did not go ahead.
The “zero option” would result primarily in negative impacts. If commissioned, the new plant would replace the existing inefficient boilers and turbo generators and so provide an improvement to local air quality and the noise environment (Sections 5).
The project will be using available quantity of bagasse (renewable energy source) for additional generation of 51.8 MW electricity during 120 days of cane crushing season and for around 60 days of off-season at 71.8 MW to supply much needed power to national grid. Displacement of fossil fuel energy production during bagasse use period
will also result in a net reduction in CO2 emissions so contributing to the control of climate change.
The project would also provide additional revenue to the sugar industry which will help to secure its future and so offset some of the current and increasing pressures on the financial viability of the sugar sector.
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The zero option would, however, remove the potentially negative impacts of the proposed development, primarily associated with the clearing of existing ecological habitats during the construction of the transmission line to Grid Station near Rahim Yar Khan.
4.3 PROPOSED POWER PLANT SITE
When the need for additional power generation capacity was confirmed, JDWPL had reviewed a number of siting options prior to the selection of the final proposed location.
Selection of site for installation of a cogeneration power plant is based on following criteria: Availability of land; Availability of fuel; Availability of water for cooling and process; Access to electric grid station and transmission system; Availability of infrastructure; Availability of managerial and skilled personnel.
The cogeneration power plant, under reference of this EIA is intrinsically linked with the sugar factory as discussed within the project description. This linkage is twofold, firstly the supply of bagasse from the factory to the cogeneration power plant and secondly the provision of steam to the factory from the cogeneration plant with the return of good quality condensate.
Due to the physical restrictions within the JSML factory site and the requirements for the two plants to be in close proximity, no practical alternative site locations exist, except the site that has been proposed.
Major relocation of the plant, away from the JSML sugar factory, would add significant additional capital and operational costs (steam/condensate pipe work and bagasse transport) and was not therefore considered a practical or reasonable option. The base
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-4, Review of Alternatives Page – 4.3 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
case site is also the least environmentally sensitive of any alternative location that may exist around the site.
The proposed site; adjacent to the JSML; has all the infrastructure available. Water will be available from tube-wells (ground water) and an alternative surface water source of nearby canal; NTDC proposed grid station is located at about 26 kilometers distance; adequate workshop and maintenance facilities, along with trained, experienced and skilled workshop technicians are available who are already running the workshop available at JSML. Similarly, experienced and skilled managerial manpower is also available in the area.
4.4 COGENERATION OPTION
Cogeneration has been adopted as standard means of energy generation since long by the sugar industry. With the use of efficient processing and energy management systems, energy from bagasse, over and above the sugar factory needs, is available and can be exported conveniently in the form of electric power. Application of sugar cogeneration will replace a part of fossil-based electricity generation leading to a more sustainable mix in power generation.
Cogeneration with power export will assist in reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. In order to continue reliable, efficient and safe operation, the existing steam and power generation system will be closed down and replaced with the more efficient system in proposed power plant.
Presently, sugar industry world-wide except for Pakistan uses high-pressure boilers by burning bagasse and the high pressure steam for power generation and the low pressure steam for process heat. Introduction of high-pressure technology in Pakistan will result in more power production to supply to the national grid and less emission of GHG.
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4.5 OPTIONS FOR BOILERS
The only option to use the bagasse effectively is the combustion route, where the bagasse is combusted in a boiler to generate steam. However, because of the nature of and characteristics of bagasse, both atmospheric & circulating fluidized bed technologies (AFBC and CFBC) and the pulverized fuel (PF) combustion technologies are not suitable for the stand-alone combustion of bagasse.
Some attempts had been made to integrate the traveling grate or pinhole grate technology with a PF technology, but the applicability of this design for use of stand alone bagasse/coal firing, the cost and efficiency are questionable. So, for all practical purposes, the traveling grate technology will be the best suited for this specific application. The traveling grate technology may not be the best for coal, as other technologies like CFBC and PF are best suited for coal, but however, with two totally different types of fuels and with other technologies not suitable for bagasse, a compromise has been made to settle for the travelling grate operating on the Rankine Cycle, with a traveling grate fired boiler and with a turbine which is designed to supply the process steam from its extraction points.
Many options are available for selection of boiler pressures and temperature. Table - 4.1, below, presents the production of steam and expected power generation at various pressure/temperature levels.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-4, Review of Alternatives Page – 4.5 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Table – 4.1
Steam Cycle Steam Production Power Generation (Bar/oC) (tonnes) (kW) 21/340 2,50 227.3 32/380 2.43 286.0 42/400 2.40 313.0 45/440 2.33 328.0 67/480 2.27 378.0 87/510 2.24 401.0 110/535 2.21 437.0
Using bagasse & coal as fuel and travelling grate furnace, the optimum option is selection of boiler pressure at or close to 110/535 (pressure/temperature). At higher pressures the steam turbine efficiency also increases. A change in pressure cycle from 21/340 to 110/535 increases the power generation by 88%. Under the circumstance the selected boilers with high pressure is the best alternative.
4.6 FUEL OPTIONS
Fossil energy resources consist primarily of natural gas and furnace oil. Domestic oil supply is considered negligible and natural gas resources are becoming scarce in Pakistan. However, substantial coal deposits are available in the country, but mining of all of them is quite expensive. Moreover, domestic coal is very high in sulphur and ash content, which will lead to severe environmental hazards. The project’s proposal for using high quality imported coal, after bagasse, is the best option for environmental and economic reasons. In the absence of any cheaper fuel, bagasse utilization is of prime importance.
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4.7 RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATIVES
Renewable resources such as wind power, micro hydro, and solar photovoltaic are not feasible options at the current time, but are subject to future consideration, particularly with respect to the price of fuel. With availability of bagasse for approximately 180 days the option of using other renewable energy sources will be highly cost ineffective.
Moreover, high wind speed is only apparent for short periods of time in the project site area and hydro potential does not exist. Therefore, none of the currently available other renewable energy sources, at the utility level, will be able to meet the current needs of the JSML.
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5
Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
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SECTION – 5, ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
5.1 METHODOLOGY FOR ANTICIPATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Baseline data and conditions form the basis for evaluation of the environmental impacts of the proposed power project.
A tabulated evaluation procedure has been used for the purpose of the presentation. The severity of the impact is presented on point scale. The evaluation scale used for the EIA Study is given below:-
Scale: Extent of Impact ▲▲▲ = High ▲▲ = Medium ▲ = Low Ο = No impact ▼▼ = locally favorable ▼ = regionally favorable.
For evaluation rating, the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), the ADB Guidelines, the World Bank Standard (Reference Section 1.11-B.2) WHO Standards (WHO Air Quality Guidelines for Particulate Matter, Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide - Global Update 2005 - Summary of Risk Assessment) are used as guidelines. Various parameters of extent of environmental impacts are described below:
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Table 5.1
Evaluation of Impacts - Criteria
Extent of Environmental Impact Description
- High International and National Standards are exceeded.
- Medium Between International and National Standards.
- Low International and National Standards are met.
5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
This section discusses the potential impacts from the installation of the proposed power plant and associated facilities on the natural resources and environment of the site and vicinity.
5.2.1 Land Acquisition
Land requirement for the proposed project will be met from the land (which was under agriculture use) already procured. No resettlement activities and no expropriation measures are required for realization of the proposed project.
The land required for the proposed project does not represent land of specific ecological importance. The area was assessed as being without any features that are out of the ordinary. No specific mitigation or compensation measures are required.
Extent of Impact of land acquisition = ▲(Low)
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5.2.2 Erosion/Sedimentation
The proposed project requires land clearing and site preparation for installation of the power block and associated facilities.
No wetlands are present within the project boundaries. The proposed construction area is not anticipated to significantly impact the land on site. Some trees removal will be required in any area where construction conflicts exist. Tree removal from the entire property is not proposed, but only where required for the needs of the project.
General site preparation and construction activities associated with the overall development of the Project site include the following:
Clearing/grubbing of all un-cleared portions of the construction area and lay- down area;
Stabilizing, grading, filling, and contouring the area for power plant facilities;
Construction of permanent storm water management system;
Performing groundwork as necessary for construction of facility footings, foundations and underground utilities including electrical, water, wastewater, and other piping systems;
Power plant facilities construction; and
Earthmoving, grading, re-contouring and landscaping.
Site preparation will consist of clearing and grubbing, followed by grading and leveling.
Vegetative debris from site clearing will be disposed and topsoil that is suitable for reuse will be stockpiled for landscaping and for establishing vegetation after
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construction has been completed. During early site preparation activities, temporary storm water management structures and soil erosion and sedimentation control devices (e.g., ditches, retention basins, berms, and siltation fencing) will be used to minimize runoff during the construction phase.
Site preparation and construction activities will not require any explosives. The plant site will be cleared of all vegetation and organic matter in conflict with the proposed construction. Rough grading, excavation, and backfill activities will be performed to prepare the site for underground utilities, concrete foundations, and surface drainage.
Structural backfill materials may be imported to the site for constructing concrete foundations and to raise grade site elevation to achieve proper drainage.
After construction of the power plant project is essentially complete, any remaining areas that do not have an impervious surface will be re-vegetated with native plant materials.
The plant site will be altered to construct new facilities. Structural and general fill will be added to elevate the site to design elevations. Soils excavated for the major equipment foundations may be used as general fill or structural fill, if appropriate. Fill may be required to raise portions of the site to grade.
Since the site is in a flat area, the fill should not cause adverse impacts to site topographic conditions. Very little, if any, runoff flows onto the proposed site. Therefore, the fill will not impede existing drainage patterns. Added fill, with compaction, will shift areas of percolation within the site. Runoff will be managed with the storm water management system to mimic pre-construction conditions. During construction, erosion at the site will be managed according to an erosion control plan. After construction, pervious areas will be planted predominantly with native vegetation to control erosion. Extent of Impact on Erosion/Sedimentation = ▲(Low)
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5.2.3 Air Quality
Major sources of dust emissions during construction include:
. land clearing. . excavation. . earthwork. . ground leveling. . vehicles movement. . Emissions from vehicles and machinery.
Dust generation from construction activities is an important concern during construction phase. Dust particles generally larger than 10 μm will settle down close to the construction sites, resulting in visible deposition close to the construction activities.
Fugitive dust emissions will be greater during land clearing and site preparation phases. Fugitive dust emissions will also be greater during the more active construction periods as a result of increased vehicle traffic on the site.
The dust to be generated during construction activities is mostly inorganic and of a non- toxic nature. Quantum dust generation will depend on weather conditions, wind velocity, precipitation rate, and type of construction activities.
Dust and grit are expected to be present during the construction phase in dry months. This will end when the major civil works finish. Some dampening of the exposed areas, by employing dust control methods, may therefore be necessary during periods of dry weather in order to reduce the risk of dust entrainment in the ambient air. Peak dust generation, if construction activities coincide, will be during the drier months and this dust will tend to become dispersed within the ambient air as a result of vehicle movements. It will therefore be necessary to ensure that loads are covered to prevent
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fine dust blowing from open-top trucks. In dry periods, it may also be necessary employ dust control measures.
There will be an overall increase in traffic and heavy machinery movement during peak construction phase for limited period leading to a rise in emission level. These emissions together with exhaust emissions from equipment/machinery deployed during the construction phase are likely to result in marginal increases in the levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburnt hydrocarbons. However, due to limited duration of the construction period and the use of the equipment at different intervals, the impact on air quality can be considered as low.
Potential minor sources of volatile organic compounds include evaporative losses from onsite painting, refueling of construction equipment and the application of adhesives and waterproofing chemicals.
The background levels of these pollutants are considered to be virtually low based upon the low frequency of traffic use proximal to the site. However, even with the predicted increase in construction related traffic and associated site activities, any increase in these pollutants is considered to be almost insignificant.
Fugitive dust emissions from the construction site will be minimized using appropriate dust suppression control methods. These standard control methods will include paving or placement of gravel on roads, applying dust suppressing chemicals or water to roads and other exposed surfaces, or other methods, as needed. The existing public road on exiting site is already paved.
Spilled and tracked dirt (or other materials) will be removed from the road in a timely manner. Of course, all construction related fugitive dust emissions, on the overall basis, will be temporary and will cease to exist once construction is completed. Emissions
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from open burning will be limited by removing materials whose burning would produce excessive smoke e.g., green vegetative materials.
During construction there will be some impacts on air quality. However, the proposed mitigation measures will reduce the impacts to an acceptable level, especially as they are limited to the construction phase. The overall construction period is expected to have duration of about 24 months.
The quantity of any emissions to be released during the construction process will generally be very low, but will vary on an hourly and daily basis as construction progresses.
Extent of Impact on Air Quality = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigation measures.]
5.2.4 Surface Water
The nearest surface water is the irrigation canal. The existing surface water will not be affected by any construction activities. By avoiding uncontrolled discharges of liquids and waste, implementing adequate waste management and instigating appropriate organizational measures and mitigation actions, impacts on surface water can be reduced to a low level and will be limited to the construction period.
Extent of Impact on Surface Water = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigation measures.]
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5.2.5 Groundwater
The proposed power plant site is located within the aquifer that serves the surrounding communities. Based upon the importance and sensitivity of this aquifer, as well as good construction practices, all precautions necessary will be required to reduce the potential for site impacts to a minimum.
While the proposed site preparation and facility construction activities for the power project are not anticipated to cause any short-term or long-term groundwater impacts to the site, Best Management Practices (BMP) will be employed during construction to ensure impacts (if any) are minimal and are properly mitigated.
Fluctuations in groundwater levels are expected to occur throughout the year due to rainfall, by surface percolation and infiltration through the canal system. As a result, minor dewatering systems may be required and maintained during certain phases of construction (e.g., during engine foundation installation). After excavation, backfill, compaction, construction of the permanent plant drainage system and certain concrete construction activities are complete, the dewatering system, if required, will be removed. Any restoration needed for affected areas will follow after the dewatering equipment is removed. The implementation of appropriate erosion and sedimentation controls will also minimize adverse water quality impacts during site preparation.
Spills of fuel oil can have a potential adverse impact on soil, groundwater and particularly surface water during both the construction and operational phases of the project. During construction, all fueling will be conducted in a manner consistent with the spill prevention and response plan to be prepared by the construction contractor. During construction, fuel oil will be dispensed from tanks/drums to be located onsite to construction vehicles. Fuel for construction activities will be delivered to the site by fuel truck drivers, who will be required to receive spill plan training prior to beginning work. The trucks will be equipped with oil spill response materials. Each transfer will
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be documented. Implementing management controls should minimize the potential for adverse impacts due to spills during site construction.
During construction all contractors, technicians and laborers will be required to implement practices to minimize the potential for spills of fuels or chemicals. Maintenance will be performed only in designated areas. In the unlikely event that spills do occur, they will be managed in accordance with the project’s Environmental Management Plan (EMP).
To further minimize potential environmental impacts it is recommended that full-time environmental monitoring is conducted during construction, particularly during all refueling operations to minimize potential concern. The environmental monitoring could be under the environmental safety department, or a member of the safety department with the authority of “stopping the job” in the event that noncompliance of environmental regulation is being observed.
The proposed project includes the installation of supply tube-wells. The actual depths of the supply will be based upon the results of the geotechnical study and will take into account the occurrence of the local aquifer.
The wells must be designed to meet the necessary requirements for their intended industrial use and public safety. At a minimum, the wells should be properly grouted and cased to limit/reduce potential contaminants from impacting the upper freshwater lens.
Extent of Impact on Ground Water = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigation measures.]
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5.2.6 Solid Waste
The major solid wastes to be generated during construction activities are:
Bricks waste
Waste from Quality Control
Paper bags
Used oil/lubricants
Metal/wooden waste
Medical waste
Empty drums or containers
Cotton rags
Miscellaneous waste: Miscellaneous solid wastes include a host of items like batteries, tires, tubes, filters, belts, nylon strips, scrap wood, steel scrap, house hold articles etc., which will be sold in the market through scrap dealers.
During the site clearance stage, it is anticipated that relatively large quantities of solid waste would be generated consisting of top-soil and sub-soil. The generation and disposal of site wastes is not considered to be a problem. Part of the excavated material would be used for leveling and grading and the balance would be stockpiled at designated locations on the site. Other solid wastes including, cooking waste and general solid waste are often associated with a relatively large workforces. Cooking wastes and general garbage will be collected at regular intervals and land filled at an
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approved disposal site. Sewage waste (construction type portable toilets) will be used, and waste properly disposed.
During trenching any construction waste not utilized as fill material during trenching activities should be removed from the route and properly disposed. The trenching route should be restored to its original condition, prior to alteration by the project. In addition, all solid waste and surplus materials should be removed from the project site and properly disposed.
However, while disposing any waste material, all environmental aspects/impacts of such wastes should be communicated clearly to the concerned contractor. Record of all such sales should be maintained for later use if and when required.
Extent of Impact Due Solid Waste = ▲ (Low) [with adoption of mitigation measures.]
5.2.7 Noise Impact
Construction of the proposed project is expected to take place for about 24 months, with varying degrees of activity occurring during different phases of construction. Construction phases are expected to include excavation, concrete pouring, steel erection, mechanical/electrical installation and cleanup.
Noise is generated by operation of heavy equipment and increased frequency of vehicular traffic in the area during construction activities. Vibration levels will also increase due to these activities. However, these impacts are short term, intermittent and temporary in nature and are not likely to be felt outside the boundary of the proposed project.
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The exact noise levels are a complex function of variables such as the actual noise levels emitted from each major noise-emitting equipment, their location and orientation within the construction area, and their operation and load.
The adjoining localities are likely outside the range of impact of noise emissions due to construction activities. It is assumed that the relevant International and World Bank standards will be met.
Overall, the impact of noise generated during construction on the environment is temporary and mainly confined to daylight hours. It is anticipated that it will be possible to reduce noise impacts during construction to an acceptable minimum.
Extent of Impact on Noise = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigation measures.]
5.2.8 Fire Risk
Fire and explosion hazard impacts are not expected during the construction phase due to the limited quantities of flammable and combustible materials to be imported to the site. The availability and use of portable extinguishing systems would limit the impacts of small fires, and personnel will receive training on the proper use and locations of this equipment. During construction, any waste disposal burning will be conducted in a cleared and dedicated area under controlled conditions, on those days when ambient air conditions will not permit embers to drift into the surroundings.
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5.2.9 Ecological Impacts
5.2.9.1 Terrestrial Systems
During construction activities, land clearing is a necessary component of the proposed development activity. Land clearing, as proposed, will be limited to the just required limits for the needs of the project, and will be conducted in such a manner that is protective of the environment.
5.2.9.1 Fauna and Flora
Site preparation for the plant does not require any clearing of vegetation but ground excavation will be necessary.
The construction area is not perceived as including sensitive habitats. Under normal dry weather conditions, a significant amount of dust will be thrown up by excavating activities. Hence, vegetation and animal habitats in the vicinity of the site and roads will be affected by wind-blown dust and its deposition. The contribution to the natural dust concentration in the air will only be of significance at the beginning of the construction phase, during the main excavation activities. During this period, dust can be expected to settle on plant leaves and aerial roots, which could hinder air exchange and assimilation by the plants.
The temporarily increased vehicular traffic coupled with high noise levels due to various construction activities may also have some negative impacts on animals. Especially birds and other acoustically orientated animals living in the vicinity of the site and the roads used can be disturbed by noise. Disturbances during the period of construction could drive noise sensitive bird species from their
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habitats, but these are expected to return after construction has finished. No endangered species were found in the construction area.
During the visual inspections of the site no nests or nesting was observed. No birds or wild animals were discerned in the site vicinity. Accordingly, during the construction phase of the project, birds would likely relocate to undisturbed areas.
The influence of dust is unavoidable but mainly restricted to the first period of the construction phase. No major impacts by dust and noise on the flora and fauna in the vicinity of the site and the used roads are to be expected.
The construction related impacts on offshore fauna and flora may be considered to be low.
Extent of Impact on Fauna & Flora = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigation measures.]
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5.2.10 Impacts on Human Population
Construction related noise is not anticipated to be a significant concern to the nearest receptor outside the project site boundaries. The construction activity will normally occur during daylight hours and will run one shift per day. In addition, any excessive noise generated by construction related activities will be short term and short duration, and will generally not exceed the World Bank noise guidelines.
However, there might be a notable increase in road traffic as freight is moving to the site. No direct impacts to the communities or neighborhoods are anticipated.
Based upon visual inspection of the site and site vicinity, the proposed power plant site and roadway are absent of any residences. As a result, no relocation impacts are anticipated.
5.2.11 Traffic Impact
It should be anticipated that an overall increase in traffic would occur directly as a consequence of the proposed construction. An increase in traffic will occur to and from the project site subsequent to freight arrival. The temporary traffic impacts are not expected to affect significantly the local residents since residential development is sparse in the immediate site vicinity. No significant traffic problems are expected during the construction period, other than minimal delays for start and stop time for the workers commuting to their residences and due to occasional heavy equipment and materials moving to and from the site. Construction traffic generation should be viewed at the most as a temporary inconvenience.
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5.2.12 Socio-economic Impacts
Most of construction workers are anticipated to be hired from within the Rahim Yar Khan District where the project site is located. In addition, general contractors/vendors, consultants and engineers from within the country will provide technical and specialized services. The construction impacts on the local employment opportunities are beneficial, although relatively short term. Indirect employment in the local area will also occur primarily in retail, eating and drinking establishments.
During construction of the plant employment opportunities will be created both for skilled and unskilled local workers.
Extent of Socio-Economic Impact = ▼▼(locally favorable)
5.2.13 Public Services and Facilities
Construction related impacts to public services and facilities, such as police, fire, and medical services and water, wastewater and solid waste disposal are not expected to be significant. With minimal relocations to the project area expected, existing facilities and services will be adequate to meet the demands on these services. The selected general contractor will be responsible for removing and disposing of construction related debris.
5.2.14 Cultural Resource Impacts
Fugitive dust emissions will be properly controlled so that minimal impact on visibility will occur. Also as discussed earlier, due to attenuation with distance, construction noise will not affect the quality of life at the nearest habitats. Some minor inconvenience may occur through increased traffic and equipment creating conflicts on Highway N-5. However, during construction of the power plant, no conflicts are anticipated with cultural resources in the area.
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5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT DURING OPERATION PHASE
This section discusses the potential impacts from regular operation of the proposed power plant and associated facilities on the natural resources and environment of the site and vicinity. Power plants invariably have potential for environmental impacts during the operational phase of the project. During the operational phase the following impacts are normally of significance:
Air quality impacts Ecological impacts Impacts associated with the abstraction and discharge of water Impacts arising from solid waste management Noise and vibration impacts Soil, groundwater and surface water contamination Accidents/explosions Socio economic impacts
For the purpose of evaluating the impacts from the proposed project, National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) Pakistan and the World Bank/IFC standards are used. National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) Pakistan are presented in Annexure – 1.3.
5.3.1 Air Quality Impacts
The combustion of fuels for power generation inevitably results in emission of gaseous pollutants to the atmosphere. The pollutants of potential concern are sulfur dioxide
(SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM).
In general, the most significant emissions from the combustion in boilers of the
proposed project are sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon dioxide
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(CO2) and particulate matter. Smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) are much less problematic as developments aimed at improving combustion efficiency in the boilers have also addressed these pollutants.
While each of these pollutants is discussed below, through the Air Dispersion Modeling
(ADM) carried for the parameters CO, NOx, SO2, and particulate matter their ground levels concentrations are described in the following ADM data. For more details of the ADM reference may be made to Annexure-5.1 to 5.9.
AIR DISPERSION MODELING (ADM):
Detailed air dispersion modeling has been undertaken using “SCREEN 3” model. SCREEN uses a Gaussian plume model that incorporates source related factors and meteorological factors to estimate pollutant concentration from point sources continuously. It is assumed that the pollutants do not undergo any chemical reactions, and that no other removal processes, such as wet or dry deposition, act on the plume during its transport from the source.
The model was run on the following data provided by JDWPL:
1. The stack exhaust gases flows for various options is as below:
Bagasse Firing during Sugar Cane Crushing Season = 310.2 m3/s Bagasse Firing during Off-Season = 226.4 m3/s Coal Firing during Off-Season = 147.6 m3/s
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2. Data for Air Dispersion Modeling, for Bagasse, Season Operation
Height of the Stacks 100 M Inner Diameter of the Stack (at the top) 4 M Exit Flue Gas Temperature at Stack 160 Deg.C Flue Gas Flow Rate at Exit 887430 Kg/hr
Mass Emission Rates (g/s);
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 103
Nitrogen Oxides (calculated as NO2) Less than 80 ppm Carbon Monoxide (CO) Less than 50 ppm Particulate Matter (As total dry particulate dust) 20.02
Oxygen (O2) 10513
Water Vapor (H2O) 39157
Carbon-di-oxide (CO2) 45128
3. Data for Air Dispersion Modeling, for Bagasse, Off-Season Operation Height of the Stacks 100 M Inner Diameter of the Stack (at the top) 4 M Exit Flue Gas Temperature at Stack 160 Deg.C Flue Gas Flow Rate at Exit 647796 Kg/hr
Mass Emission Rates (g/s):
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 75
Nitrogen Oxides (calculated as NO2) Less than 80 ppm Carbon Monoxide (CO) Less than 50 ppm Particulate Matter (As total dry particulate dust) 14.62
Oxygen (O2) 7675
Water Vapor (H2O) 28584
Carbon-di-oxide (CO2) 32942
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4. Data for Air Dispersion Modeling, for Imported Coal, Off-Season Operation Height of the Stacks 100 M Inner Diameter of the Stack (at the top) 4 M Exit Flue Gas Temperature at Stack 160 Deg.C Flue Gas Flow Rate at Exit 460980 Kg/hr
Mass Emission Rates (g/s):
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 145
Nitrogen Oxides (calculated as NO2) Less than 100 ppm Carbon Monoxide (CO) Less than 50 ppm Particulate Matter (As total dry particulate dust) 9.75
Oxygen (O2) 8445
Water Vapor (H2O) 5981
Carbon-di-oxide (CO2) 22821
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Following fuel specifications have been provided by JDWPL:
Table –5.2 Fuel Specifications
Parameters Bagasse Imported Coal
Proximate Analysis :
Total Moisture (%) 50 8.5
Ash Content (%) 2.35 15.4
Volatile Matter Content --- 23.5
Fixed Carbon 26.24 52.6
Total Sulfur 0.105 0.74
Gross Calorific Value 6074 2163 (kcal/kg)
Ultimate Analysis :
Carbon (%) 26.24 64.1
Hydrogen (%) 2.895 3.5
Sulfur (%) 0.105 0.74
Nitrogen (%) 0.055 1.5
Oxygen (%) 50 6.2
Moisture (%) 50 8.5
Ash (%) 2.35 15.4
The air dispersion model was run using the above mentioned data. Detailed results are presented in Annexure – 5.1 to 5.9. A consolidated statement of the results of model run, using various seasonal/off-seasonal and fuels options, is presented in Table – 5.3.
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Table – 5.3, Showing: Summary Results of “AIR DISPERSION MODELLING”:
Option Season Off-Season
Fuel Bagasse Bagasse Coal – Imported
Parameters PM10 NOx SO2 PM10 NOx SO2 PM10 NOx SO2
A - Air Dispersion Model - Input Data - Source Type Point Point Point Point Point Point Point Point Point - Stack Height, meters 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 - Stack Diameter, meters 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 - Stack Exit Velocity, m3/s 310.2 310.2 310.2 226.4 226.4 226.4 147.6 147.6 147.6 - Emission Rate, gm/s 20.02 45.90 103.00 14.62 33.50 75.00 9.75 27.30 145.00 - Stack Gas Temperature, K 433.00 433.00 433.00 433.00 433.00 433.00 433.00 433.00 433.00 - Ambient Air Temperature, K 303.00 303.00 303.00 303.00 303.00 303.00 303.00 303.00 303.00 - Rural/Urban Option Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural
B – Air Dispersion Model - Output Data - Final Stable Plume Height, meters 221.700 221.700 221.700 209.600 209.600 209.600 195.000 195.000 195.000 - Distance to Final Rise, Meters 153.900 153.900 153.900 153.900 153.900 153.900 153.900 153.900 153.900 - Stack Velocity, M/S 24.6849 24.6849 24.6849 18.0163 18.0163 18.0163 11.7456 11.7456 11.7456 - Buoyancy Flux, M4/S3 290.701 290.701 290.71 212.169 212.169 212.169 138.322 138.322 138.322 - Momentum Flux, M4/S2 1,705.61 1,705.61 1,705.61 908.548 908.548 908.548 386.160 386.160 386.160 - Meteorology Full Full Full Full Full Full Full Full Full - Terrain Simple Simple Simple Simple Simple Simple Simple Simple Simple - Terrain Height, meters 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- Maximum Concentration, µg/m3 19.3 44.26 99.31 17.81 40.80 91.35 27.59 47.06 250.00
- Distance to Maximum, meters 1,076.00 1,076.00 1,076.00 1,106.00 1,106.00 1,106.00 3,000.00 995.00 995.00
IFC Emission Guidelines, Boilers, µg/m3 50,000 650,000 2,000,000 50,000 650,000 2,000,000 50,000 650,000 2,000,000
Pakistan - NEQS, at Source, µg/Nm3 500,000 1,200,000 1,700,000 500,000 1,200,000 1,700,000 500,000 1,200,000 1,700,000
The IFC Emission Guidelines (as followed by the WB) presented above, have been extracted from IFC “Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines, Table- 1.1.2”.
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The air dispersion modeling indicates that the emissions of SO2, NOx, CO and Particulate matter in all cases, from the proposed project are in compliance with the requirement of IFC with respect to IFC’s Emission Guidelines.
The unit has installed an Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) to the stack attached to the boilers. IFC “Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines – THERMAL POWER PLANTS, December 19, 2008” indicates that for solid fuel fired boilers, with power 3 plant capacities ranging at 50 to 600 MWTh, the PM10 should not exceed 50 mg/Nm for non-graded air shed. The project’s consultants M/S Avant-Garde in the feasibility report indicated PM emissions for boilers at 100 mg/Nm3 for both bagasse & coal firing, which did not meet the standard requirement set by IFC/WB. However, M/S Avant- Garde subsequently amended the tender for supply of ESP to specify that PM emissions will be 50 mg/Nm3.
It is evident from the above facts and figures that the proposed power plant is unlikely to contribute significantly, if at all, to the acid rain phenomena based upon its use of low sulfur content coal.
Extent of Impact of Air quality = ▲(Low
Green House Gases (GHGs), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Credits:
It is pertinent to mention here that where a renewable fuel is to be inducted in to the power production activity there it will be a contribution in the reduction of green house gases too. Accordingly, here under a resume of the same is given:
In all power plants relying upon the combustion of fuels, the boilers inevitably lead to
the emission of CO2. The use of bagasse as fuel ensures overall global mass emissions
of CO2 per kWh produced are comparatively low. Furthermore, the relatively low carbon intensity of bagasse when compared with solid fuels reinforces such benefits.
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The proposed power plant being renewable energy project will contribute to Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) avoidance besides the several attendant benefits of making additional electricity available to national grid system.
Potentially positive regional or national impacts on air quality also derive from the development of bagasse power generation plant. As the cogeneration plant is fired using a renewable energy source (bagasse), the power generated will displace natural gas, coal and fuel oil generation capacity at other existing and/or planned power generation plant intended to supply the grid. This bagasse fuelled power generation project will result in a reduction in emissions being emitted to the atmosphere.
The coal based power generation will result in carbon emission but in overall terms the plant is carbon negative (i.e. it reduces GHGs).
5.3.2 Ecological Impacts
5.3.2.1 Impacts on Fauna and Flora
Air Emissions:
The effect of air emissions from the stacks upon breeding birds (if any) proximal to the site will not be clear without careful monitoring. During the preparation of the EIA, no nest or nesting birds were observed on or proximal to the project site. Recommendations for a monitoring program include review of areas immediately adjacent and proximal to the site. Since birds are generally mobile, it is anticipated that they will relocate beyond the sphere of influence of the plant.
The affect of gaseous and PM emissions on the adjacent areas, after adoption of necessary mitigation measures, is not anticipated to be a concern, because the air quality levels are predicted (according to AEM) to remain within those
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approved by WB/IFC/WHO for human health. Consequently, air emissions are not likely to affect local fauna and flora.
Noise:
Noise from the operation of the proposed project, after adoption of necessary measures, will result in its level not exceeding the limits set by the WB. Thus, noise from the project activity will not give rise to any serious adverse impacts on the surrounding fauna and flora.
Waste Water:
Liquid effluents from all sources including also sewage to be generated in the power plant will be treated according to required levels of the National Environmental Quality Standards as well as those by the World Bank, before discharging into the near by water canal, after due permission from the competent authority Incharge of the canal. Process for getting permission has already been initiated. Accordingly, there is no question of any adverse impacts from waste water to fauna and flora.
Extent of Impact on Fauna & Flora = ▲(Low)
5.3.2.2 Landscaping
At the completion of construction activities, landscaping should include the abundant use of native plant species.
After completion of construction phase, the site will be mostly dominated by buildings, plant & machinery, stacks and storage tanks. Within this area of low visual impact, the additional visual intrusion due to realization of the project may be assessed as low.
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Extent of Impact of Landscape = ▲(Low)
5.3.3 Supply of Water
The project plans to install tube-wells within the plant boundary. The production rate, concomitant drawdown and the resultant radius of influence from the new wells should be evaluated to confirm no detrimental impacts are caused by the production capacity of the new wells.
It is recommended that monitoring of the influence of the withdrawals from the newly installed wells should also be conducted. Measurements should include:
Baseline water quality data are available from the existing JSML tube-wells to evaluate the water quality in the vicinity of the plant.
Subsequent to groundwater withdrawals, additional water quality data should be collected initially at startup of the production well, and subsequently at a frequency that will enable measuring any small changes in water quality, e.g., increases in chlorides, to be observed.
Depth to water measurements to observe whether there has been a reduction in ground water levels that results in movement of the freshwater lens/salt water interface.
Noting whether induced movement or induction of pollutants into the water supply is occurring resulting in a significant reduction in water quality.
Monitoring data should be able to confirm whether there have been any detrimental impacts to the well field water quality.
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Extent of Water Supply Impact = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigation and monitoring measures proposed.]
5.3.4 Solid Waste Management
The types, sources, and management of solid wastes anticipated to be generated during the operation of the proposed project facilities are as follows:
Plant wastes such as office wastes, packaging materials, garbage, refuse, redundant electric gadgets, various types of wastes of a large variety and rubbish/trash will be generated during the operational phase of the proposed project in addition to general solid waste. According to nature of solid waste, some of these will be recycled, burnt/incinerated on the site while others will be sold in the market through an approved contractor while keeping all the records. The contractor will be fully informed/educated about the nature of the wastes. Other plant wastes, such as lead acid batteries will be segregated from other waste streams, collected and stored in suitable containers, and if not incinerated will be transported off-site and disposed at an approved land fill site by an approved waste transporter and contractor.
Special wastes such as hazardous waste, industrial solvents and other chemical wastes, and used oil, will be generated during the operational phases of the proposed project. Special wastes could also include items such as waste oils, waste lubricants, paints, maintenance-related wastes, used air and liquid filtration media, and empty or nearly empty chemical containers. Most, if not all, of these materials will be disposed off by incineration. While others will be sold in the market through a contractor, keeping record of them and informing the contractor of their hazards and rational use.
Sludge from sewage and wastewater treatment plant, after due treatment, will be used as manure for vegetation, trees etc.
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While there are definite advantages of incineration such as the reduction in volume of the waste material as it is reduced to ash, incineration produces fly ash and bottom ash just as is the case when bagasse & coal are combusted. Confirmation of the hazardous/non-hazardous status of the incinerator ash is confirmed through analytical testing prior to disposal.
As also discussed in Section 2, Serial 2.4, “Ash Handling”, the project will produce both bagasse and coal ash. To minimize the impact on the environment and maximize value creation, the power plant will implement an ash utilization plan. Ash will be handled in dry form and directly loaded into enclosed trucks of the end- users through ash silos.
The project is projected to produce about 5,850 tonnes / annum of bagasse grate ash and 8,700 tonnes / annum of bagasse fly ash. As the bagasse ash is rich in field nutrients such as potash and phosphates, the power plant will make the bagasse ash available free of cost to JDW’s corporate farms and local farmers for application in the field.
The project is also expected to produce about 7,200 tonnes of coal bottom ash and 7,200 tonnes of coal fly ash. The power plant will make coal ash available free of cost for utilization in cement plants, brick kilns, building materials and construction industries. There are about 50 brick kilns operating within a radius of 30 to 40 kms of power plant site. The management of these brick kilns and other industries will be formally approached to secure agreements to off-take the coal ash.
Extent of Impact of Solid Waste = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigation measures proposed.]
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5.3.5 Noise & Vibration Impacts
Once operational, additional ambient noises may be of concern, however, package systems are noted for the quietness of their operation, and according to the project feasibility prepared by M/S Avant-Garde, ambient noise measurements of the equipment/machinery will be designed to operate with a total noise level not exceeding 85 to 90 dB (A) in the very near vicinity of the machinery. While at the property boundary, the noise level is expected to be less than 70 dB(A) as against the limiting value of 70 dB (A) by the WB for industrial areas. Therefore, in case the built in design of the plant achieves these noise levels then no excessive ambient noise impacts are anticipated at the receptors especially the human settlements near to the project site.
Extent of Impact on Noise Level = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigation and control measures.]
5.3.6 Soil and Surface Water & Ground Water Contamination
A major operational concern of any chemicals transfer operation is the control, containment and efficient cleanup of any discharges or spills during transfer. To this end, spill mitigation supplies including hoses, a boom of sufficient length, and absorbent materials should be located at the chemicals unloading station. In addition, as part of the transfer operation policy, each transfer should only proceed in the presence of a plant operator, who has deemed the fitting between the transfer hose and pipe to be secure. The absence of any mitigation equipment in the immediate vicinity of the transfer operation can have potentially disastrous environmental consequences for the ecosystem.
In the event of a spill/discharge, the spill should be contained and not permitted to discharge to the adjacent surface water body.
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To this end, spill mitigation equipment should be located at the transfer station, to enable a rapid response to control the movement of any discharged chemical.
Design of drainage systems, both within and outside process buildings, should take account of the need to segregate spillages of hazardous materials. Drains systems to be considered may include sewers, storm water drains, process effluent systems and firewater drainage systems.
In many cases these functions are combined and often firewater and process effluents are drained into main sewerage systems. Where there is a possibility that hazardous substances could be discharged into a drainage system, interceptors or sumps should be provided of sufficient capacity to ensure that an offsite major accident does not occur.
For process effluents arising from leaks or plant wash down, good practice is to provide a local sump, which is sampled before emptying. Such sumps normally incorporate level indicators/alarms for monitoring. Discharge can be to drums via submersible or mobile pumps for onward disposal or via manual or manually operated automatic valves into main drainage systems, if the contents are non-hazardous. As for drainage following a storm event, consideration will need to be given for the possibility of valves being left open.
A particular concern is the discharge of non-water miscible flammable liquids, which form a top layer. These could ignite at considerable distances from the plant after discharge. More sophisticated interceptors can be provided to facilitate removal of floating flammable liquids. These tend to be designed to meet individual needs and may incorporate conductivity-based level sensors to distinguish between layers.
Impacts on the soil quality could be caused by deposition of NOX in the soil. Normally, a distinction is made between wet and dry deposition, with wet deposition having considerably more impact, as air pollutants are effectively scrubbed out by the precipitation. Because the amount of rainfall is relatively low, wet deposition can be
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neglected. It is not anticipated that deposition of NOX in the soil will have any significant negative impact.
Extent of Impact = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigation measures.]
5.3.7 Societal Impacts During Operations
5.3.7.1 Neighborhood and Communities
Seven human settlements are present with in the distance of about 0.5 to 2 kilo meters (KM) from the project boundary line, of which Jamal Din Wali (JDW) has a total population of about 8, 000 to 10, 000 is hardly about 1.5 km away from the proposed power project site. Out of these seven villages, with the exception of JDW, none of these has any health facility or adequate drinking water supply. Education facilities are not adequate.
Being very near to the project site, any environmental catastrophe or routine type pollutant emissions and their concentration above the limiting values of NEQS-Pakistan and/or the WB can cause adverse impacts on human health or any element of the environment around.
Therefore, the project needs to be operated seriously keeping in view the environmental management plan and sticking to the WB emissions standards. Failing to operate within strict environmental controls could lead to serious adverse effects on human health, wild flora and fauna, ecology and what ever comes in contact with the emissions from the project.
Extent of Impact = ▲(Low after strict compliance with the required environmental management systems)
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5.3.7.2 Relocation Impact
As mentioned earlier, since relocation will not be required during implementation of the project, no impacts are anticipated in the project area of influence during operation phase.
Extent of Impact = ▲(Low)
5.3.7.3 Traffic Impact
Depending on the calorific value and dispatch from the national grid, up to 120,000 tonnes per annum of coal will be imported through Karachi/Bin Qasim Ports. It is proposed to transport the coal from port to site using road trucks via National Highway N-5. Handling & transportation of coal to site will be the responsibility of private contractors. The project has to ensure that contractors, drivers and their staff are trained and aware of handling coal and emergency response plan. Loading of coal in trucks should be restricted to ensure avoidance of any auto-ignition possibility.
Increase in the use of local roads should be anticipated as a direct consequence of the operation of the power plant. The increase in local road use is anticipated during peak hours and between changing operator shifts. However, based upon the remote location of the site, no concerns are anticipated with respect to increased traffic activity.
Extent of Impact = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigation measures.]
5.3.7.4 Economic Impact
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The establishment of the cogeneration JDW power plant will provide new jobs at the plant site. Most people of the area make their living directly or indirectly from agriculture and cottage industry.
Short-term economic benefit will be realized by providing janitorial services, horticultural services, loading/unloading workers, canteen, and semi-skilled & some skilled activities, as well as by increased use of available rental property.
Long-term benefits will include indirect employment, as a result of improved and reliable electricity and other economic benefits provided by increased and reliable supply of electricity. As a result, continued operation of the proposed plant will generate revenue into the Country’s economy.
The installed electricity capacity is insufficient to meet current and near future demand for power. Without additional capacity, the need for load shedding becomes likely in order to maintain a balance between demand and generation capacity. Therefore, the proposed project is designed to add to the current and future needs providing reliable additional electricity generation capacity.
There are no negative or detrimental potential impacts on the socio-economic setting of the area arising as a result of the proposed project. As such no mitigation measures are required.
Extent of Socio-Economic Impact = ▼▼(locally favorable)
5.3.8 Environment Category of the project
The project under reference is sited in the following settings:
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i) Prime Agricultural Soils: The project site is surrounded by prime agricultural land/soils where all type of crops grow. In a way, the area can be called as one among the other important food baskets of Pakistan. Under the given environmental scenario around the project site the power plant needs to be operated under strict environmental control, failing which there could be loss not only to the crops but also to the soil quality leading to drastic cut in the productivity of the soils.
ii) Human Settlements: Six human settlements in the form of villages are situated with in a distance of 0.5 to 2.0 km from the project site, besides a town namely Jamal Din Wali (JDW) sitting at a distance of about 1.5 km from the project boundary line. Further to that the city of Rahim Yar Khan, district headquarter of the project site is hardly 15 to 17 km away. Any uncontrolled discharges from the project activity may result in serious impact on human health.
iii) Cholistan Desert Biodiversity: Cholistan Desert is situated at a distance of about 60 Kms from the project site. The desert enjoys international fame because of its having unique biodiversity. Heavy and regular investment by Governments of Middle East for preservation of its biodiversity is a clear proof of the high value of the ecology of desert, which needs to be protected by all means including from any pollutants emissions from the power plant.
iv) Mango Orchards: The area around the project site is rich for mango orchards. High quality mangoes are produced in this area which are not only liked very much locally but also exported thus earning a lot of foreign exchange. These orchards are among the other delicate segment of the environment which needs to be protected against any indiscriminate discharges of pollutants from the power plant operations failing which this can result in tremendous loss to these orchards even permanently.
v) Cultural Site: Bhongh Mosque sited at about distance of 30 Km from the project site is a master piece of art belonging to Multani Architecture. Any uncontrolled
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emissions (from the power plant operations) in excess of the required limits can damage this Mosque.
In the light of the above facts regarding the project, when judged on the criteria for the “Asian Development Bank, Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003- Determination of the Environment Category” the project merits for placement in Category–A. This conclusion for placing the project in Category-A is further supported by the same document under “Sample Categorization for the Project Types”.
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6
Economic Assessment
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-6, Economic Assessment Page – 6.1 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
SECTION – 6 ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
6.1 INTRODUCTION
The proposed project comprises installation of improved cogeneration system generating greater amount of electricity burning the same amount of bagasse as being used currently and thus additional electricity from this project will displace the electricity generation of the equal capacity based on gas or oil.
With the application of efficient processing and energy management systems, energy from the bagasse is available and can be exported conveniently in the form of electric power. Application of bagasse based cogeneration for the proposed power plant will displace a part of fossil-based electricity generation leading to a more sustainable mix in power generation.
6.2 ECONOMIC BENEFITS
Benefits and advantages of bagasse cogeneration include:
a. Fuel costs paid in local currency and valuation of bagasse as a waste product; b. Increased fuel efficiency; c. Increasing diversity and security of electricity supply; and d. Location near to electricity distribution system, leading to minimal transmission and distribution (T&D) costs.
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a. Increasing the Viability of Sugar Mills
The long-term economic viability of sugar mills has become more vulnerable, mainly due to fiercely competitive domestic and global sugar markets. The inherent energy inefficiency of design and operation as well as the industry’s high energy requirements are also factors of growing importance. Appropriate remuneration of electricity from bagasse cogeneration would increase the added value to the sugar sectors.
b. Fuel Costs
The capital costs of bagasse cogeneration plant are the lowest of all renewable forms of power generation, equal to those of biomass gasification projects, whilst generation costs, despite being higher than biomass gasification projects, small hydroelectric (HEP) and photovoltaic (PV), are at par with biomass power and lower than wind. Bagasse cogeneration projects also have short development periods, as the technologies used are proven and well established.
Cogeneration is more energy efficient than the separate generation of electricity and thermal energy. Heat that is normally wasted in conventional power generation is recovered as useful energy for satisfying an existing thermal demand, thus avoiding the losses that would otherwise be incurred from separate generation of power. Conventional electricity generation is inherently inefficient, converting only about a third of a fuel’s potential energy into usable energy. The significant increase in efficiency with combine heat & power (CHP) results in lower fuel consumption and reduced emissions compared with separate generation of heat and power. This reduced primary fuel consumption is key to the environmental benefits of cogeneration because burning the same fuel more efficiently means fewer emissions for the same level of output.
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c. Diversity and Security of Supply
The use of a local fuel source guarantees a certain degree of security of energy supply, improving and increasing the trade balance with imported fuels. Onsite crop use ensures that delivery times are short and costs are kept low.
The advantages of bagasse cogeneration in increasing security of power supply issues also include the capacity to generate during the off-season. Power plants based on bagasse from sugar mills that produce and export electricity also increase grid stability and reliability.
d. Location
Currently, centralized electricity-generation system wastes over two-thirds of the energy contained in the fuel and continues to produce ever- increasing carbon and other harmful emissions because of a continued demand for energy worldwide. At least half of this wasted energy could be recaptured when shifting from centralized generation to distributed systems that cogenerate power and thermal energy onsite or nearby. Cogeneration offers significant, economy-wide energy-efficiency improvement and emissions reductions. Besides saving energy and reducing emissions, distributed generation also addresses emerging congestion problems within the electricity transmission and distribution grid.
As a decentralized mode of electricity generation, bagasse cogeneration reduces transmission & distribution (T&D) losses by supplying electricity near its generation point whilst reducing loads on grid wires.
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Integration of cogeneration technologies in the sugar industry, especially in extra-high pressure and temperature configurations, will almost certainly be essential for the long-term growth and economic survival of the sugar industry. The ability to meet all of the JSML increased energy needs as well as the promise of revenues from the sale of exportable surpluses to utilities could become key factors in securing the sugar industry’s viability.
6.3 REDUCTION OF GREEN HOUSE GASES (GHG) AND POLLUTION AT THE AREA OF THE PROJECT
In terms of CO2 and other GHGS, baggass cogeneration would add no net emissions: bagasse is viewed as a waste product that needs to be disposed off– either by decomposition (composting) or combustion, both of which would
release, as CO2, the carbon contained in bagasse. Besides, if the bagasse were to be composted, it would also release methane, a GHG 27 times more potent than
CO2. These benefits will enable bagasse cogeneration to be a potentially significant player in international carbon credit markets, with sugar industries reaping the social and financial benefits of the added revenues.
When using bagasse, this kind of fuel is evaluated as follows:
SO2 emission is virtually negligible because of very low sulfur content in bagasse, etc.
NOx amount decreases due to low combustion temperature.
From the proposed cogeneration, combined heat and power (CHP) project, there is simultaneous production of electricity and heat from one fuel input. Because of the low efficiency of the existing low-pressure boilers, they will be replaced with
high-pressure boilers to derive the benefit of CO2 reduction. The proposed project envisages at utilization of bagasse produced by JSML.
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During 120 days of crushing season, 51.8 MW of surplus power will be exported to the national grid. Gross electricity export during this period works out at:
Gross Electricity Export, crushing season = 51.8 x 24 x 120 = 149,184 MWH
During 60 days of off-season with use of bagasse as fuel, 71.8 MW of power will be exported to the national grid. Gross electricity export during off-season, utilizing bagasse as fuel, works out at:
Gross Electricity Export (bagasse as fuel), off-season = 71.8 x 24 x 60 = 103,392 MWH
Total exportable power generation from proposed project, utilizing bagasse, is estimated at 252,576 MWH.
JSML existing total equivalent energy requirement, from bagasse, for electric and steam driven system is indicated in feasibility study at 21 MW. With operation of the JSML for 120 days the energy requirement works out at 60,480 MW. The proposed project activity with operation of two 80 MW generators will produce 384,000 MW from bagasse during 180 days of operation. Net export from the proposed project to national grid will be around 252,576 MWH.
The proposed project will reduce CO2 emission by avoiding combustion of natural
gas or other fossil fuel. Quantification of CO2 avoided is fairly straight forward assuming that each kWh delivered to the national grid leads to an equivalent reduction of power production by other grid connected power plants.
6.3.1 CO2 (GHG) Emissions Due to Combustion of Bagasse
In order to estimate the CO2 emissions due to combustion of bagasse the following assumptions have been made:
Bagasse has a moisture content of = 50% (approximately)
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Carbon content in bagasse is 26%; Total availability of bagasse for power generation is about 967,411 tonnes; and The plant will operate on bagasse for around 180 days.
Table – 6.1, below, indicates the theoretical generation of CO2 emissions from total quantity of bagasse available. Table – 6.1
CO2 EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION OF BAGASSE Bagasse, moisture, % 50 Bagasse Carbon Content, % 26 Bagasse Utilization for Power Production Season Off-Season Total Tonnes per Hour 169.36 125.92 295.28 Operation Days 120 60 180 Total Bagasse Available, tonnes 487,757 181,325 669,082 Carbon Content, Tonnes 97,551 36,265 133,816
CO2 Emissions, Tonnes 357,688 132,972 490,660
6.3.2 CO2 (GHG) Emissions from Natural Gas Based 80 MW Power Plant
In case the proposed project is not implemented then to meet the national power requirement equivalent amount of power generation, using natural gas as fuel, will be required.
CO2 emissions, for natural gas based 80 MW power plant, have been calculated using the following assumptions:
Total power generation during 180 days of operation with bagasse is taken at 384,000 MW; Overall energy efficiency is assumed at 35%; and
CO2 emission factor has been taken at 56.1tonnes of CO2 per TJ.
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Table – 6.2 shows the CO2 emission generation for production of 384,000 MW of power using natural gas as fuel.
Table – 6.2 CO2 EMISSIONS FOR POWER PRODUCTION BY NATURAL GAS Annual Power Production from Proposed Project 384,000 MW/Year (80 MW x 24 x 200 days) Power Prod., Equivalent TJ 1,382 Conversion Efficiency, % 80 Equivalent N. G. Energy Consumed, TJ 1,728.00
CO2 Emission Factor, Tonnes/TJ 56.1
CO2 Production, tonnes 96,941
Net annual CO2 abatement due to implementation of proposed project is: Table – 6.3 CO Emissions, In absence of Project Activity, 2 917,122 Tonnes (Existing Bagasse + NG Plant)
Less CO2 Emission from Bagasse, Tonnes 490,660
Net CO2 Abatement, Tonnes 426,462
Thus the proposed project will have a net saving of 426,462 tonnes per annum of
CO2 emissions through generation of additional power for national grid as well as meeting the JSML power and steam requirement.
Assuming, that the life-cycle of the proposed project is 15 years, the annual and
cumulative CO2 emissions abatement or savings are presented in Table – 6.4
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Table – 6.4 Savings in CO2 Emissions Annual CO2 Cummulative Year Savings, CO2 Savings Tonnes Tonnes 1 426,462 426,462 2 426,462 852,924 3 426,462 1,279,386 4 426,462 1,705,848 5 426,462 2,132,310 6 426,462 2,558,772 7 426,462 2,985,234 8 426,462 3,411,696 9 426,462 3,838,158 10 426,462 4,264,620 11 426,462 4,691,082 12 426,462 5,117,544 13 426,462 5,544,006 14 426,462 5,970,468 15 426,462 6,396,930
6.3.3 Comparison of Various Scenarios for Steam & Power Generation
For the comparison, four (4) scenarios/options have been used:
Scenario-1: This scenario is baseline situation, i.e. existing power & steam generation by JSML. Steam is produced by combustion of bagasse. For full capacity nearly all bagasse is utilized and very small quantities are supplied to other users. The sugar mill has both, electric and steam drives, plus utilization of steam for sugar processing. The sugar mill operation is for 120 days. Average steam production is 432 tonnes per hour and total power generation is 21 MW. Total Power Production is 60,480 MW (21 x 24 x 120).
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-6, Economic Assessment Page – 6.9 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Scenario-2: It is assumed that in addition to JSML baseline operation (Scenario-1) a natural gas based power plant is considered to supply equivalent proposed project’s export to national grid. The natural gas based power plant is assumed to operate at an efficiency of 35%, without cogeneration and production of steam.
Scenario-3: It is assumed that in addition to JSML baseline operation (Scenario-1) a natural gas based power plant with cogeneration is considered to supply equivalent proposed project’s export to national grid. The natural gas based power plant is assumed to operate at an efficiency of 80% with cogeneration.
Scenario-4: This scenario incorporates the installation of JDWPL that will provide power and steam to JSML and power to national grid. All available bagasse from JSML will be utilized.
Comparison of the various scenarios is presented in Table – 6.5 (next page). The
last two columns of the table show the ratios of CO2 emissions generation to
steam production from bagasse and ratio of CO2 emission generation to total electric production.
The ratios for the scenario-4, i.e. proposed project implementation are lowest as compared to other scenarios.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-6, Economic Assessment Page – 6.10 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Table – 6.5 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS POWER & STEAM PRODUCTION SCENARIOS JSML Annual Ratio Power Boilers CO2 Ratio 80 MW Annual Annual Annual Gen., Elec. Steam Emissions CO2 Power Bagasse Elec. CO2 Other NG. For Prod. to Steam Emissions Electric Steam Process Gen. - Used, Prod., Emissions Scenario Elec. - Off- Grid From Prod. to Elec Drives Drives Steam JDWPL Tonnes MW Tonnes Reqd. site Bagasse, From Prod. Tonnes Bagasse
Baseline - JSML Present Operation, Power & Steam at √ √ √ √ × × × 729,590 1,244,160 60,480 695,543 0.56 11.50 JSML Baseline - JSML Present Operation plus 80 MW Elec. 729,590 1,244,160 444,480 917,122 0.74 2.06 Prod. Off-site, without steam √ √ √ √ × √ √ production Baseline - JSML Present Operation plus 80 MW Elec. 729,590 1,244,160 444,480 792,484 0.64 1.78 Prod. Off-site, based on √ √ √ √ × √ √ Cogeneration Proposed Project - JSML Elec. 729,590 1,900,800 384,000 695,543 0.37 1.81 & Steam + Elec. Export √ √ × √ √ × √
Note: “√ “indicates available and “×” indicates not available.
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7
Environmental Management Plan
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SECTION – 7 ENVIRONMETAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.1 INTRODUCTION
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will be used to ensure that the proposed power plant is operated with minimum environmental impact as permissible under the National Environmental Quality Standards Pakistan (NEQS) and the standards under “Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, WORLD BANK GROUP, Effective July 1998” for Thermal Power: Guidelines for New Plants. In order to accomplish this objective, the environmental management systems described will comprise the following: Environmental Management Plan, Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMtP), and Resources Implementation and Training Program.
This EMP will serve as a guideline for the minimum requirements of the detailed procedure to be developed, updated and revised as needed throughout the construction and operation phases of the Project. The construction vender will be responsible for preparing and implementing a detailed worker health and safety plan, a copy of which should be provided to Company prior to start up of construction activities.
7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
It should be stated that full-time monitoring will be required both during the construction phase and operations phase of the project. The EMP task will likely be administered by the “Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Department”, who will have the authority where necessary to “stop the job” if an environmentally detrimental activity is being conducted.
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The EMP operation/implementation will be the responsibility of the “HSE Officer”, who will be coordinating, arranging the collection and reporting of the results of all emissions, ambient air quality, noise and water quality monitoring.
Environmental Management Plan includes the protection, mitigation and environmental enhancement measures to be implemented to reduce to a minimum the adverse impact on the environment. The adverse environmental impacts during the functional phase of the proposed project under normal operating conditions are from air emissions, wastewater generation, noise and solid waste generation.
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is presented in this section. Mitigation and compensation measures to address the environmental issues during construction of the project are discussed in Section-7.3. The mitigation and compensation measures essential to meet the requirement during operation of the proposed project are described in Section - 7.4 of this Chapter.
In Section-7.4, monitoring recommendations are presented for documenting the compliance of the project to the NEQS Pakistan and the standards under “ Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, WORLD BANK GROUP, Effective July 1998” for Thermal Power: Guidelines for New Plants.
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7.3 MITIGATION / COMPENSATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
These are presented in Table – 7.1 below.
Mitigation / Compensation Measures During Construction Phase Table - 7.1
Potential Impact Mitigation Action Air Quality 1. Vehicles transporting loose construction material (clay, sand etc.) to be covered with tarpaulins. 2. Limit on speed and movement of vehicles, where considered appropriate speed-breakers should be installed 3. Use low emissions trucks for material transport where possible (e.g. use of diesel particulate filter) 4. Routine service and maintenance of vehicles and machines to reduce engine emissions. 5. During periods with abnormal wind speeds, in particular during dry weather conditions, workers on the construction site should be provided with adequate inhalation and eyes protection gears. In case particulates in air hamper a clear view over the site completely, so that safety is impaired, the construction should be interrupted until weather conditions improve. 6. To reduce generation of dust in the construction process, onsite roads and parking areas, as far as possible, would be constructed with asphalt over a compacted sub base.
7. Spraying exposed soil with water to reduce PM10 emissions and particulate matter deposition. Water to be applied at a rate to maintain a moist surface, but not create surface water runoff or erosion conditions. 8. Provide wheel washers for vehicles to remove particulate matter that would otherwise be carried offsite by vehicles that would decrease deposition of particulate matter on area roads and subsequent entrainment from those roads.
9. Routing and scheduling construction trucks to reduce delays to traffic during peak travel times would reduce secondary air quality impacts caused by a reduction in traffic speeds while waiting for construction trucks.
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10. As far as possible planting vegetative cover (matching the local climate), as soon as possible after grading, would reduce windblown particulate matter in the area.
Surface Water 1. All liquid materials and lubricants (e.g. sanitary waste water, etc.) that accumulate during construction phase shall be stored in closed septic tanks, and in containers or barrels stored in specifically identified areas at the construction site. 2. Packaging material like bags of cement etc. shall be stored in containers to avoid leaching out of any remaining particles in the event of rain fall, etc
Water Supply 1. During construction, non-potable water would be supplied through adequate water supply system to be installed at the project.
2. Potable drinking water for construction workers would be provided by a water service to be contracted by the site contractor. ______Ground Water 1. Any liquid material and lubricants (e.g. hydrostatic testing, water, chemical cleaning water and wastewater) that accumulate during the construction phase should not infiltrate into the soil that have a direct contact to the ground water. Septic tanks shall be used for any waste water collection. Each tank, when filled and closed, should be brought to the closest wastewater treatment plant for further treatment. 2. Closed tanks should be removed from the site as soon as possible and should not be allowed to remain on the construction site as an interim storage until the end of the construction phase. 3. Monitoring of the characteristic of waste water collected in the septic or other tanks should be carried out on routine basis. 4. Maintenance and washing of all heavy mobile machinery & vehicles should be carried out at adequate service stations. Good and regular maintenance of all vehicles and machines used on site is mandatory and the waste water should not be allowed to drain into the canal. 5. Maintenance and re-fueling (if necessary) of any construction equipment shall be done at a decent distance from the excavation area and only be undertaken on sealed area. Any ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-7, EMP Page – 7.5 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
re-fuelling must be handled carefully taking particular attention to not spilling any fuel. 6. On site storage of fuel, engine oil and lubricants (if any) shall be in locked tanks, sealed and shadow-roofed area. 7. On site storage of fuel, engine oil and lubricants that might be stored shall be collected at the end of construction phase and brought to either a disposal point for hazardous waste or be brought back for re-use to the place it was rented for the purpose of this construction.
Solid Waste 1. All solid wastes shall be disposed off according to a set procedure and record of sales will be kept to track at any time when it is required. 2. The contractors to whom any waste is to be sold shall be fully made aware of the environmental impacts and health effects of the waste to be sold to him. He shall be provided instructions for reuse/handling of such wastes in environmentally sustainable way.
______
Soil 1. Construction activities must be limited to the designated areas. 2. Refilling of excavated soil should be done as far as possible. Where possible reuse of excavated soil should be done. 3. Prevention measures should be developed in the event of an accident or threat (e.g. massive, uncontrolled leakage of waste water into unsealed soil on-site).
Fauna and flora 1. Planting of indigenous grass, trees and bushes between the edge of the site and the adjacent un-utilized area should be carried out. If not earlier practical, such measures should be implemented after the completion of all construction activities
2. Development of green strips of suitable vegetation for zone, along the access road that helps birds and animals to migrate and improve the landscape shape.
Noise 1. Power mechanical equipment like bulldozers, air compressors, concrete pumps, excavators, concrete mixers etc. shall only be used with low sound power, whenever possible.
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2. Optimize transportation management to avoid needless truck trips; avoidance of truck movements in residential areas at least during night time. 3. The building machinery equipment shall be well-maintained and serviced regularly during construction phase. 4. Silencers or mufflers on construction equipment shall be used. 5. Whenever possible, mass construction material and excavated soil shall be stored in direction of the nearest habitat as noise barrier. 6. Construction activities shall be scheduled in such a way that noise intensive operations side by side with an increased net noise level will be avoided. 7. Workers on the construction site should be equipped with ear protection in particular those directly exposed to higher noise levels.
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7.4 MITIGATION / COMPENSATION MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE
These are presented in Table – 7.2 below.
MITIGATION / COMPENSATION MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE Table 7.2
Potential Impact Mitigation Action
Landscape 1. To the extent possible, develop a green belt along the facilities boundary area and other open spaces, to create to some extent a natural landscape. The flora to be used for such green belt should be tolerant to the local climate requiring just minimum water to survive.
Ambient Air Quality 1. Continuous monitoring of ambient air for SO2, NOx, CO and PM to be carried. 2. Height of the stacks to be maintained at 100 meters, as indicated in the project feasibility report, for enhanced dispersion of pollutants. Surface Water 1. Waste water treatment, as described in this report, to be carried out continuously and monitored before mixing with water in the recipient water body.
Ground Water 1. Regular inspection of facilities for intercepting leaking and spilled liquids. 2. Hazardous chemicals shall be handled only in appropriate segregated, sealed and bundled areas at site.
Solid Waste 1. All solid wastes shall be disposed off according to a set procedure and record of sales will be kept to track at any time when it is required. 2. The contractors to whom any waste is to be sold shall be fully made aware of the environmental impacts and health effects of the waste to be sold to him. He shall be provided instructions for reuse/handling of such wastes in environmentally sustainable way.
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Noise 1. Equipment will be acoustically shielded and /or lagged as far as possible. 2. A noise measurement campaign during full operation at operation start should be implemented to verify the real noise levels are in line with the standards under “ Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, WORLD BANK GROUP, Effective July 1998” for Thermal Power: Guidelines for New Plants. 3. Workers should be obliged to use ear protection in areas within the plant and for specific work that exceed the tolerable maximum noise limits.
______Coal/Bagasse Handling 1. Adequate measures, as practised internationally, should be adopted to eliminate the possibility of generation of coal & bagasse dust during handling, conveying and storage. 2 Coal handling at the port; including its unloading and transferring to the trucks for shipment to the project site should be done with extreme precautions to avoid any fugitive dust and spillage to the sea or on land. Internationally operative best practices including maximum reduction of distances between the conveyor belts and its upper cover should be adopted. Keep minimum drop distances at off loading coal from ships & trucks as well as at the stacking point. This will drastically reduce fugitive coal dust. 3 In order to avoid any damage to the sea water quality from the vagrant coal occasionally falling into it through the narrow gap between the rail of the barge and the dock, regular surveillance should be carried out. In case excessive piling of such vagrant coal on the sea bed is found then it should be salvaged.
Ash Disposal 1. Adequate measures for collection, loading, transporting, unloading and storage of fly ash and bottom ash should be adopted to ensure minimum possible emissions of ash and dust, and reduction of its adverse impact on environment. In order to reduce fugitive dust, drop distances at trucks ash loading points and unloading points should be minimized. During transport of the ash from point of transfer to the unloading point, the trucks/trolleys should be adequately covered preferably with tarpaulins and on surface spray of water, if possible with further help to reduce fugitive dust. Workers to perform duties relating to ash handling should be
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protected by providing them all necessary protective gears and their use should be made mandatory.
7.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
7.5.1 Ambient Air Quality Regular monitoring of the ambient air quality needs to be undertaken. Parameters to be monitored should include measurement of ambient SOx, NOx, & CO
concentrations and PM10.
A continuous ambient air quality monitoring system and program should be installed at least 2-3 months prior to the start of main construction activities.
It is recommended that the monitoring program should cover as a minimum, the chemical parameters under the environmental legal requirement.
Meteorological data should be recorded in parallel to air quality monitoring at the same reference location.
Monitoring parameters and frequency are to be carried out according to the requirement of Pakistan Environment Protection Act, 1997, under Category-A “Guidelines for Self-Monitoring and Reporting by Industry (SMART). [Copy attached as Annexure – 1.2]. Ambient air quality monitoring should be carried out biannually, at least.
Monitoring methods are presented in Annexure-7.1. Recommended monitoring equipment and instruments (including costs) presented in Annexure-7.2.
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7.5.2 Stack Emissions
During the performance tests and initial operation of the power station, the stack emissions need to be monitored to ensure that the appropriate limits as set by the NEQS Pakistan and the standards under “ Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, WORLD BANK GROUP, Effective July 1998” for Thermal Power: Guidelines for New Plants are being adhered to.
Typically, this would be achieved by means of a monthly monitoring and reporting schedule of emission concentrations of NOx, SOx, CO and Particulate Matter (PM) using portable emission monitors. According to the project feasibility study continuous online monitoring of PM in stack will be carried and the attached laboratory will be equipped with necessary equipment for carrying emissions & air quality monitoring. It is important to ensure proper calibration of all instruments and adequate record of calibration be maintained. Monitoring tasks should be contracted to a third party consulting firm as per requirement of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997. Arrangement for regular stack
monitoring of NOx, SO2, CO and PM should be in place.
7.5.3 Noise
An ambient noise measurement program should be instituted upon commissioning of the project. The monitoring program should consider the noise limits during day-time and night-time at the closest point of public contact.
A noise survey both within operational areas and at the site boundary should be undertaken at regular intervals during the construction and operation phases and not less than once every 12 months. Additional monitoring may be required at various times in response to public complaints (if any), in order to verify that noise emission limits are being met.
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In the initial stages of power plant operation, immediately following commissioning of the power station, noise monitoring will be undertaken both within the site, at the site boundaries and at selected receptor locations up to a distance of approximately 0.5 miles from the proposed site. These monitoring results will be compared with the baseline noise levels monitored at the same positions prior to the commencement of plant construction activities.
The monitoring will therefore verify whether the plant is operating to the levels specified. The monitoring results will also act as a valuable database of baseline noise levels achieved during normal operation of the plant, for different meteorological and station conditions. This baseline will help determine the need for any subsequent design changes or for mitigation of noise levels in the power station area.
7.5.4 Wastewater/Thermal Discharge
Treated wastewater and cooling water will be monitored as required by applicable environmental regulations.
Additional training is recommended to educate facility operators of the sensitivity of the underlying aquifer and the importance the protection of this resource is to the people of area. Under no circumstances should untreated contaminated waste water be permitted to be discharged.
Site management will ensure that the potential for oily water discharge via site drainage is minimized by ensuring that the necessary procedures are in place to provide adequate maintenance of oil/water interception units into which all plant discharges are conveyed and installing additional oil/water separators where necessary. Based upon experience the largest capacity systems as are practical should be installed.
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Good management practices also require the correct labeling of drains, operator training and monitoring of effluent. Surface water run-off will be collected by the site drainage system and passed through the oil/water separator prior to discharge to the drain.
In order to minimize contamination of surface run-off water during the rainy season, where possible, all water collected on the building roofs will be piped to the rain water drains which will themselves be connected to an open drainage channel. Drainage ditches will be installed around the periphery of the site in order to collect storm water run-off from the surrounding area and channel it away from the site, thus avoiding any contamination by on site activities. Quarterly monitoring by a third party should be carried out as a matter of principle.
7.5.5 Maintenance
The plant will be maintained to ensure that pollutants releases to the environment are minimized. Records will be kept to show what maintenance has been carried out. This would apply to a range of areas including combustion optimization, fuel handling and monitoring equipment.
7.5.6 Assigning responsibility for implementation (by name or position)
The power station operational workforce will include the HSE Officer (Health, environmental and safety officer). This officer will be suitably trained and responsible for the following:
Ensuring that environmental protection procedures are followed;
Coordinating environmental monitoring;
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Acting as a contact person for liaison with the public, local organizations and Government;
Ensuring that data on all environmental aspects of plant operation is continuously updated, and available in a form suitable for immediate inspection by authorized personnel of the concerned Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and internal authority of the plant ;
Monitoring hazardous substances on-site to ensure that the possibility of accidental release is minimized;
Promoting on-site environmental awareness, and;
Liaison with the concerned Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other local industry.
In order to ensure implementation and effective operation of the EMP, it is of utmost importance that responsibilities be fixed to specific persons so that each one of them should be answerable in case of lapse or mishap. Accordingly, hereunder the same responsibilities have been described:
Official Concerned Responsibility 1- Plant Manger i-Ultimately in-charge and responsible for all the operations of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) set up. ii- He will be responsible to ensure smooth functioning of the EMP system iii-Daily progress on the state of the environmental status will be reported to him in writing by the Shift Engineer/In -charge. iv-All other EMP matters , issues and problems will be reported to him (for rectification) by the Shift Engineer/In-Charge. v-He will work as bridge between the Government concerned authorities and the senior most management of the project.
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vi-He will be answerable to the higher management in all matters relating to E.M.P. and report at least monthly about the state of the E.M.P. operations.
2- HSE Officer i – Responsible for implementation of EMP. ii – Coordination with other departments/sections with respect to EMP. iii – Arranging, collection & reporting of environmental monitoring data and publishing of report.
3- Shift Engineer/ Incharge i-During his shift timings, he will be responsible to ensure smooth functioning of the entire EMP. ii-He will be responsible to rectify any problem regarding environmental matter. iii- He will directly report to the G.M. (Plant/Works) all matters relating to E.M.P. on daily basis.
4- Plant Operator i- He will be responsible to operate effluent treatment plant and look after gaseous, PM and sound levels monitoring systems. ii-He will maintain all records of monitoring of the entire elements of the EMP. ii-He will report to the Shift Engineer/In-Charge about matters relating to EMP operations on daily basis and earlier if so required.
5- Laboratory Chemist i- He will be responsible to carry out all laboratory testing of waste water at all levels. ii- He will perform all other lab. testing as may be required from time to time in the interest of effective operation of the EMP. iii- He will maintain records of the entire EMP operations. iv- He will provide daily report to the Shift Engineer/In-charge about the matters relating to the EMP operations.
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7.5.7 Reporting and reviewing procedures
Environmental monitoring program, as described above, will be the guiding principle and reporting will be done regularly on monthly basis according to the formats of the Self Monitoring and Reporting by Industry (SMART) program as annexed in Annexure-1.2.
At the plant level all the monitored data will be reviewed and scrutinized at the level of Shift Engineer and on monthly basis at the Plant Manager level. The same review of the data will be done twice at the level of the Project Chief Executive. The data will be documented according to appropriate format at the project level. Discrepancies will be duly addressed.
For presentation of the data to the concerned agencies - Environmental Protection Agency, Government of the Punjab, format presented as Annexure-7.3 will be used.
7.5.8 Ecological Monitoring
Flora and fauna inventories within the power station area will be monitored on a twice yearly basis, as well as before and during the construction and early operating activities. This may involve the use of specific indicators, such as the occurrence of nests or nesting bird species of importance.
It is intended that the implementation of the monitoring program will be conducted on a co-operative basis by the various stakeholders in the area. The flora and the fauna monitoring may also be contracted out to a third party.
During the construction phase, the Project Manager will be responsible for overseeing land clearing activities and be involved in the scheduling of these activities in order to prevent them from being undertaken during periods of heavy rainfall whenever possible. However, in the event the scheduling of the activities
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must be undertaken during periods of heavy rainfall measures will be employed to reduce the risks of erosion.
7.6 TRAINING NEEDS
In order to effectively operate the EMP all the staff to be engaged in this activity should be trained extensively.
All the environment management staff to be engaged for operating effluents treatment plant, monitoring and testing should be duly trained. Laboratory chemist should be trained in all operations of laboratory testing of the effluents and other relevant materials/samples. He should be trained in applying analytical methods/techniques of testing, data processing, interpretation and reporting. He should know the local laws, rules and regulations as applicable to the testing of effluents.
The designated HSE Officer will be charged with an ongoing program of environmental training. This will include:
• General promotion of environmental awareness; • Specific training for staff working in sensitive areas; • Updating staff on changes to environmental standards; and • Reporting to staff on the station’s environmental performance.
The person to monitor gaseous emissions, PM and noise levels should be extensively trained to handle his job capably. Training program should include use of monitoring instruments, data generation, processing, interpretation, recording and presentation.
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7.7 SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.7.1 Recommendations and Mitigation Measures
Based on the initial benchmark study the recommendations are made:
The management of the Project can capitalize on the positive attitude of the people of area towards proposed Project by offering them maximum employment opportunities at the construction stage and stage of operational phase of the power plant.
Insufficient and inadequate socio-economic structure of the community of the area also provides ample opportunities to Company management to win sympathies of local people in their favor, by introducing meaningful and manageable plan of community development.
Aggressive and comprehensive plantation plan can also lessen fear of local people towards environmental issues.
Plant management can explore direct or indirect chances of female employment opportunities. Such efforts can be fruitful to minimize negative social impacts.
Sustainable development approach through conservation of natural resources would be the best strategy to compensate negative socio- environmental impacts.
Plant management should offer technical training opportunities to the local youth, if possible, to remove relative sense of deprivation.
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Social responsible attitude and stewardship of company management towards local people and resources can make project people friendly.
Prior to action of the Project installation a comprehensive awareness campaign may be launched at masses level to avoid any conflict.
To avoid any political, ethnic and value conflict, the administration of the plant may win the confidence of local powerful elites, authorities, leaders and interest groups by adopting informal confidence building measures.
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7.7.2 COMPANY’S CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONCIBILTY PROGRAMME
The company is already financially assisting a number of the institutions under its Corporate Social Responsibility Program as below:
Project Funding Year Funding Year Funding Funding Title -2010 -2009 Year-2008 (Pak- Rupees) (Pak- Rupees) (Pak- Rupees) Civil Works 4,556,890 11,523,777 10,558,979 1-National Rural Others – Health etc. 1,992,145 ------Support Programme: Flood Relief 5,000,000 ------Education Fund 7,006,336 7,698,185 16,698,057 2- Lodhran Pilot 15,429,643 2,336,493 3,622,099 Project 3-Flood 5,904,835 ------Donation 4-Alms Giving 3,265,838 1,668,815 414,462 5-Health 2,658,803 2,673,373 3,115,077 6-Eduction 2,500,000 3,040,726 2,417,223 7-Donation for -- 2,568,226 -- Swat Victims 8-People Primary Health -- 1,175,840 -- Care Initiative Others 2,636,420 470,000 3,610,381 Total 50,950,910 33,155,435 40,436,278 The power plant site is located across the road from JDW Sugar Mills Unit 1. The company is already implementing various social development activities involving education, sanitation, health, civil works, and almsgiving in the communities around the power plant site. Details regarding the social responsibility programme of 2010 are attached in Annexure-7.4. JDW is committed to continuing and strengthening these initiatives further. These programs will directly benefit the population residing in proximity of the power plant site.
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7.8 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.8.1 Definition
A major emergency in a works is one which has the potential to cause serious injury or loss of life. It may cause extensive damage to property and serious disruption both inside and outside the works. It would normally require the assistance of emergency services to handle it effectively. The overall objectives of the emergency plan will be:
To localize the emergency and eliminate it; and
To minimize the effects of the accident on people and property.
Elimination will require prompt action by operations and works emergency staff using, for example, fire–fighting equipment, water sprays etc. Minimizing the effects may include rescue, first aid, evacuation, rehabilitation and giving information promptly to people living nearby.
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7.8.2 Emergency Planning
Disaster Management Plan for a power plant is necessarily a combination of various actions which are to be taken in a very short time but in a present sequence to deal effectively and efficiently with any disaster, emergency or major accident with an aim to keep the loss of men, material, plant/machinery etc. to the minimum.
The main functions of the Disaster Management Cell are to prepare a detailed Disaster Management Plan, which includes:
Identification of various types of expected disaster depending upon the type of the power plant.
Identification of various groups, agencies, departments etc. necessary for dealing with a specific disaster effectively.
Preparation – by intensive training of relevant teams/groups within the organization to deal with a specific disaster and keep them in readiness.
Establishment of an early detection system for the disaster.
Development of a reliable instant information/communication system.
Organization and mobilization of all the concerned departments/ organizations /groups and agencies instantly when needed.
A major disaster that can be expected in this proposed project be due to fire.
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7.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COSTS
The estimated costs for management of environment are presented in Table-7.3:
Table – 7.3
Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Management
Annual Capital Operating Category Investment Costs US Dollars Air Pollution Management 1,800,000 42,000 Noise Management 16,000 1.100 Water & Waste Water Management 660,000 20,000 Solid Waste Management 260,000 20,000 Landscaping 11,000 1,700 Environmental Monitoring & Training 9,000 16,000 Total 2,756,000 100,800
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8
Public Involvement & Disclosure
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SECTION – 8 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT & DISCLOSURE
While conducting Public Consultations/Disclosure, the following performa, appearing as Annexure-8.1, were used and the data collected through them have been used for all calculations as appearing in this Section:
Moderators Guidelines Interview Schedule– Part I (Baseline Conditions of the Area) Interview Schedule– Part II (Community Awareness and Perceptions)
On- site Public Meetings (PM)/Dialogues (D) were held between July 12 &13, 2010. The participants included Government officials, NGO (NRSP), farmers, agriculturists, law expert, businessmen, workers/labors, religious people, leaders of the villagers etc, The participants were fully apprised of the project details. Free and frank discussions were held among the participants about the various aspects of the project. Questions by the participants were replied in due details. Thereafter, written comments of the group leaders of the participants were recorded. The group leaders represented a large number of the people under their influence.
Approximate number of the participants of PM/D= 2600 approximately.
8.1 COMMUNITY AWARENESS AND PERCEPTION ABOUT THE PROJECT
During Public Consultations/Disclosure, it was revealed that a large majority of the people of the study area follow the basic professions like labour, hawkers, agriculture, shop keeping, menial work related to agriculture implements manufacturing and their repair. Since Jamal Din Wali is just like a town, therefore, the people of this settlement possess a blend of the characteristics of a city as well as of village. A large number of the people from the area also work, mostly as labour in JDW Sugar Mills.
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The human settlements in the study area like in most of the villages of Pakistan, are mostly moderately developed, non-progressive and traditionally conservative communities. Social cohesiveness, solidarity, religious and political harmony are the major characteristics of the localities.
Community Awareness and Perception about the Project as experienced during Public Consultations/Disclosures are summarized as below:
By and large, the people of the project area are aware of siting of the project.
The people have clear perception that the installation of the power plant in the area is beneficial for the community especially and the area in general.
However, some of them have concerns about the environmental aspects of the project.
Public invasion by the outsiders to take place due to the project has also very minor concern for the people.
Because of the serious long duration “shut downs of electric power” all over Pakistan, the people appreciate that the power plant will be a blessing to reduce the big gap between energy demand and supply.
Study findings depict that the people of the study area perceive overall positive impacts as a result of installation of the plant. Therefore, their attitude towards the project installation is quite positive.
As far as the Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is concerned, positive social impacts are dominant and hardly any negative social impacts were observed during the study.
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The people have high expectations and hope from the plant activity and its management.
They correlate their positive attitude towards the plant with many direct and indirect socio-economic opportunities and benefits.
The people believe that installation of the power plant in the area, especially during construction phase will open up employment opportunities which in turn follow a chain of indirect socio-economic benefits.
They also perceive accelerated economic activity due to the business opportunities likely to emerge in the area. Directly or indirectly, some reasonable number of the local people will get employment and business from the installation of the plant e.g. shop keepers, traders, suppliers, contractors, transporters, technicians etc.
People foresee many socio-cultural and psychological positive impacts on their lives and the community.
They feel that the plant and its related activities will provide a strong base for social change.
They reckon that influx of the people and technology in the area will improve the quality of life of the people. It will also improve the level of general awareness of the people about different aspects of life.
A critical analysis of the findings of the Public Consultations/Disclosures is presented hereunder:
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8.1.1 Geographical representation of the study
Geographical representation of the study area comprises the following localities situated on at variable distance from the project site.
Table - showing population around the project site
Distance Population Drinkin (approximate (approximate Education Health Electricity Village/City g Water ) from Project ) Facilities Facilities Supply Status site, Km in Numbers ES 1. Basti Kabul 0.5 800 - 1000 Nil Nil TW, HP available 2. Basti Sheikh Haji Mosa 1.0 1500 - 1800 Nil Nil TW, HP Do 3. Basti Jahangir 2.0 600 - 800 PS Nil TW, HP Do 4. Basti Malook Wali 2.0 500 - 600 PS (B + G) Nil TW, HP Do 5. Basti Laran 0.5 200-300 PS (B + G) Nil TW, HP Do 6. Basti Jam Bakhu 0.5 200-250 Nil Nil HP Do D, HC, 7. Jamal Din Wali 1.5 8000 - 10000 PS, MS, HS TW, HP Do H
TW = Tube-well ; HP = Hand Pump, PS = Primary School; MS = Middle School ES = Electricity Supplied, HS = High School; B = Boys School; G = Girls School D = Dispensary; HC = Health Center: H = Hospital
Major topographic characteristics, socio-economic indicators, socio-cultural practices and environmental conditions of all the localities are very much similar except for some minor variations.
Most of the people of all the referred localities are directly or indirectly aware about the installation of the power plant. The people perceive many positive impacts during the construction and operational phase of the plant with regard to the job opportunities from them. They believe that the project will have direct positive impact on their employment and also on the agriculture.
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This shows that people directly co-relate their benefits with the installation of the plant. People consider that this economic activity will also be beneficial for the economic development of Pakistan. 8.1.2 Awareness Level Regarding the Project
Table- showing the level of awareness
Level of Awareness Name of Village (%)
High +ve Medium +ve Low +ve 1. Basti Kabul 80 12 8 2. Basti Sheikh Haji Mosa 81 14 5 3. Basti Jahangir 87 11 2 4. Basti Malook Wali 89 10 1 5. Basti Laran 88 11 1 6. Basti Jam Bakhu 99 1 - 7. Jamal Din Wali 79 15 6 Note: +ve means positive OVERALL SCENARIO
Percentage Level of Awareness (%)
[ rounded off] High 86
Medium 11 Low 3
For commentary/explanation of the above figures, refer to the foot note under the heading “People’s Perception Level Regarding the Project.” Serial 8.1.3 below
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-8, Public Involvement & Disclosure Page – 8.6 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
8.1.3 People’s Perception Level Regarding the Project
Table- showing the perceptions regarding the project
Level of Perception Name of Village High +ve Medium +ve Low +ve 1. Basti Kabul 77 14 9 2. Basti Sheikh Haji Mosa 79 11 10 3. Basti Jahangir 81 15 4 4. Basti Malook Wali 74 16 10 5. Basti Laran 82 10 8 6. Basti Jam Bakhu 96 4 - 7. Jamal Din Wali 71 19 10
Note: +ve means positive OVERALL SCENARIO
Level of Percentage Perception (%)
High 80 Medium 13
Low 7
It is evident from the figures in the above table under the caption “Overall Scenario” a vast majority (80 %) of the people of all localities of the area show high level of positive perception and attitude towards the plant installation. They perceive that the plant will help to improve the socio-economic conditions of the community and the area.
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8.2 SOCIAL-ECONOMIC IMPACTS PERCEIVED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STUDY AREA
The locality-wise assessment of the perceived socio-economic impacts of construction and operation of the power plant is as below:
8.2.1 Perceived Positive Impacts During Construction Phase
Name of Village
Basti Positive Impacts During Basti Basti Basti Sheikh Basti Jam Jamal Din Construction Jahangi Malook Basti Laran Kabul Haji Bakhu Wali r Wali Mosa Employment Opportunities % 90 90 70 80 85 100 70 Business Development % 40 50 50 70 60 60 50
Note:Perception of people interviewed.
From the table, it is obvious that the majority of the people perceived that the employment and business development would be the positive impacts on the community during the construction phase of the plant.
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8.2.2 Perceived Negative Impacts During Construction Phase
Name of Village Negative Impacts During Basti Basti Basti Construction Sheikh Haji Basti Malook Jam Jamal Basti Kabul Mosa Jahangir Wali Basti Laran Bakhu Din Wali Distance from Project Site, km 0.5 1.0 2.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.5 Road deterioration % 10 5 7 6 30 70 0 Noise % 2 3 2 3 10 80 0 Dust % 10 5 5 10 25 55 0 Heavy Traffic % 2 2 2 2 2 85 5 Smoke emissions % 5 10 10 20 20 10 25
Note: Perception of people interviewed OVERALL SCENARIO
Perceived Negative Impacts Percentage During Construction (%)
Road deterioration 29 Noise 37 Dust 33 Heavy Traffic 36 Smoke, Emissions 36
People of Basti Jam Bkhu and Basti Laran perceived, more dominantly, the negative impacts of the plant during the construction phase especially road blockade, dust emissions and smoke due to traffic than those by the
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people of the remaining localities during construction phase of the power plant.
8.2.3 Perceived Positive Social Impacts During Operation Phase
Name of Village Basti Positive Impacts Sheikh Basti Basti Haji Basti Malook Basti Jam Jamal Kabul Mosa Jahangir Wali Basti Laran Bakhu Din Wali Employment opportunity % 15 10 15 15 20 80 15 Business development % 15 15 15 15 10 60 25 Road Development % 15 15 15 15 30 80 12 Telephone % 12 12 12 12 60 80 12 Natural Gas % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Health Facilities % 15 15 15 15 20 85 15 Educational Facilities % 20 15 10 30 50 65 15 Recreational Facilities % 15 15 15 15 22 55 13 Transport % 23 15 16 15 12 55 10 Technical Training Centers% 11 15 10 13 25 100 10
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OVERALL SCENARIO
Percentage Perceived Positive Impacts (%)
Employment opportunity 82 Business development 70 Road Development 60 Telephone 30 Natural Gas 0 Health Facilities 40 Educational Facilities 40 Recreational Facilities 20 Transport 30 Technical Training Centers 30
By and large, a large majority of the people of the localities in the study area are favourable to the siting of the power plant in the area. They expect many positive, conducive and constructive impacts on their economic life and community, regarding employment and business opportunity.
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8.2.4 Perceived Negative Social Impacts During Operation Phase
Name of Village Basti Negative Impacts Sheikh Basti Basti Jamal Basti Haji Basti Malook Jam Din Kabul Mosa Jahangir Wali Basti Laran Bakhu Wali Environmental pollution , % 5 10 15 30 60 77 25 Untreated water, % 2 2 2 5 10 80 2 Fear from the people invasion, % 15 20 20 20 60 72 10 Fear to cultural values, % 14 12 12 10 28 48 10 Employment fear from company 25 25 22 20 60 76 20 management % Noise, % 2 3 2 3 10 80 0 Heavy Truck traffic, % 2 2 2 2 2 85 5 Water Shortage, % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deterioration of agri land, % 5 5 5 7 10 90 0 Diseases, % 5 5 5 5 30 45 10
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OVERALL SCENARIO
Impact Perceived Negative Impacts (%)
Environmental pollution 32 Untreated water 15 Fear from the people invasion 31 Fear to cultural values 19 Employment fear from outsiders 35 Noise 14 Heavy Truck traffic 14 Water Shortage 0 Deterioration of grazing land 17 Diseases 15
Some people apprehend that pollution may cause problems to them and the community.
Due to job opportunities for males, there will be improvement in the income status of their family which in turn will improve living standards including food, clothing and chances of getting education especially the women.
The Pakistan society follows Islamic values in all walks of life including sociocultural values where free intermixing of male and female is not permitted and neither liked nor practiced. Therefore, influx of mainly male workers and camp followers will not change the gender balance in the areas of construction sites and workers camps. So also there will not be any danger of sexual exploitation. Consequently, no chance of spread of alcohol and drug abuse and health risks like HIV/AIDS.
From the above facts one can conclude that many positive economic and social impacts will appear in the quality of lives of the people of Study Area due to the power plant
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-8, Public Involvement & Disclosure Page – 8.13 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project installation. These positive impacts include improvement in female status, employment and business opportunities, infrastructure development, reducing rural urban migration, generating income resources and improving quality of life.
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9 Grievance Redress Mechanism
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-9, Grievance Redress Mechanism Page – 9.1 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
SECTION 9- GRIEVANCE REDRESSING MECHANISM-FORMAL AND INFORMAL CHANNELS:
9.1 Formal Channel
9.1.1. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
The Pakistan Environmental Act (PEPA) -1997 provides a complete code of conduct for addressing grievances stemming from damages to any sector of the environment from the project activities.
The project is required to operate at least 95 % of its operational period in strict compliance with the required emission standards of Pakistan as provided in the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 and the National Environmental Quality Standards as well as the guidelines laid down by the “Pollution Prevention and Abatement Hand Book, July 1998, the World Bank”. This ensures that the project proponent is legally bound to observe all legal requirements to avoid damaging the environment around the project.
9.1.2. Pakistan Environmental Act and Environmental Management
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act covers aspects related to the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the environment and the prevention, control of pollution and promotion of sustainable development. Being the prime environmental law, Pakistan Environmental Protection Act-1997 establishes complete regulatory and monitoring bodies, policies, rules, regulations and national environmental quality standards. To ensure enforcement, the act ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-9, Grievance Redress Mechanism Page – 9.2 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
establishes regulating bodies i.e. Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) and responsible bodies i.e. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PakEPA) at Federal level and Environment Protection Agencies at Provincial level. The act extends to the whole of Pakistan including its territorial waters.
Pak-EPA has the power to arrest without warrant any person against whom reasonable suspicion exists of his having been involved in an offence under the PEPA-1997, and enter, inspect and search without warrant any premises, vehicle or vessel. It also provides for seizing any plant, machinery, equipment, vehicle or substance, record or document. Pak-EPA also provides the power to summon and enforce the attendance of any person and issuance of Environmental Protection Order, PO 16 an Environmental Protection Order (EPO) in relation to a person who is contravening a provision of the PEPA-1997.
9.1.3. Enforcement of PEPA and Liability
The Government of Pakistan is bound to protect the environment in accordance with its international commitments under various conventions and treaties it has signed or ratified. The PEPA-1997 translates these commitments into a compliance programme for the industrial establishments. Non-compliance to these commitments may results in loss of credibility, popularity and even financial aid from the international forums.
The Pak-EPA is directly responsible for enforcement of rules and regulation relating to environmental management/ protection in the areas controlled by the Federal Government including Islamabad and FATA. While the Provincial EPAs are responsible for implementation of these Rules and Regulations within the provinces under the authority as delegated to them by the Director General, Pak- EPA. However, the Federal EPA is also responsible to ensure implementation of these rules, regulations and standards at the provincial levels.
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Environmental Protection Agencies shall exist at the Provincial levels. The PEPA- 1997 requires:
That no person (including companies) under its purview will discharge or emit any effluent or noise in contravention of the National Environmental Quality Standards. That no proponent of a project shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed with the Pak-EPA, an Environmental Assessment report according to the sensitivity of the project or where the project is likely to cause an adverse environmental impact. That no person may dispose of waste on public land or on highway on or a land owned or administrated by a local council, unless done in accordance with the provisions of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act-1997. The following section of the PEPA -1997 further clarifies the mechanism of Environmental Management and Grievance Redress Mechanism.
Section 11:
Prohibition of certain discharges or emissions.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules and regulations no person shall discharge or emit or allow the discharge or emission of any effluent or waste or air pollutant or noise in an amount, concentration or level which is in excess of the National Environmental Quality Standards or, where applicable, the standards established under sub-clause (I) of clause (g) of sub-section (1) of section 6.”
(2) The Federal Government may levy a pollution charge on any person who contravenes or fails to comply with the provisions of sub-section (1), to be calculated at such rate, and collected in accordance with such procedure as may be prescribed.
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Section 12 :
Initial environmental examination and environmental impact assessment.—(1) No proponent of a project shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed with the Government Agency designated by Federal Environmental Protection Agency or Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies, as the case may be, or, where the project is likely to cause an adverse environmental effects an environmental impact assessment, and has obtained from the Government Agency approval in respect thereof”.
Section 16:
Environmental protection order.---(1) Where the Federal Agency or a Provincial Agency is satisfied that the discharge or emission of any effluent, waste, air pollutant or noise, or the disposal of waste, or the handling of hazardous substances, or any other act or omission is likely to occur, or is occurring, or has occurred, in violation of the provisions of this Act, rules or regulations or of the conditions of a licence, and is likely to cause, or is causing or has caused an adverse environmental effect, the Federal Agency or, as the case may be, the Provincial Agency may, after giving the person responsible for such discharge, emission, disposal, handling, act or omission an opportunity of being heard, by order direct such person to take such measures that the Federal Agency or Provincial Agency may consider necessary within such period as may be specified in the order.
(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such measures may include;
(a) immediate stoppage, preventing, lessening or controlling the discharge, emission, disposal, handling, act or omission, or to minimize or remedy the adverse environmental effect; (b) installation, replacement or alteration of any equipment or thing to eliminate, control or abate on a permanent or temporary basis, such discharge, emission, disposal, handling, act or omission; (c) action to remove or otherwise dispose of the effluent, waste, air pollutant, noise, or hazardous substances; and
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(d) action to restore the environment to the condition existing prior to such discharge, disposal, handling, act or omission, or as close to such condition as may be reasonable in the circumstances, to the satisfaction of the Federal Agency or, Provincial Agency.
Section 17:
Penalties.—(1) Whoever contravenes or fails to comply with the provisions of sections 11, 12, 13 or section 16 or any order issued there under shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one million rupees, and in the case of a continuing contravention or failure, with an additional fine which may extend to one hundred thousand rupees for every day during which such contravention or failure continues:
Provided that if contravention of the provisions of section 11 also constitutes contravention of the provisions of section 15, such contravention shall be punishable under sub-section (2) only.
(2) Whoever contravenes or fails to comply with the provisions of section 14 or 15 or any rule or regulation or conditions of any license, any order or direction, issued by the Council or the Federal Agency or Provincial Agency, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one hundred thousand rupees, and in case of continuing contravention or failure with an additional fine which extend to one thousand rupees for every day during which such contravention or failure continues.
Contraventions of the provisions of the PEPA-1997 is punishable with impressments extending up to five years, or with fine extending up to one million or with both. Where an offence is committed by a company every Chief Executive officer (CEO) and the company shall be deem guilty of the offence. Action can even be taken against Government Agencies and Local Authorities.
Government may also constitute an Environmental Tribunal to hear cases relating to the PEPA-1997. The tribunal may only hear cases when the complaint is made in writing by Pak-EPA, or Local Council or any Aggrieved person who has given at least thirty days
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notice to Pak-EPA of the offence and of his intension to make a complaint to the Tribunal. The Tribunal may also hear appeals from the Agencies. Appeals from the tribunal shall go to the High Court.
In order to resolve the disputes relating to the environment issues, Environmental Tribunal Rules 1999 has been promulgated. In trying the offences, the tribunal has to follow the Code of Criminal Procedures 1898. The tribunal shall send the copies of his orders to the parties concerned and the Director General of the Federal EPA and Provincial EPAs. The Tribunal shall dispose of its proceedings within 60 days. An appeal to the Tribunal, accompanying a copy of the impugned order, copies of the documents relied and prescribed fees, shall be sent to the Registrar by the appellant. Generally the proceedings of the Tribunal shall be open.
9.2. Grievance Redress Mechanism- Informal
9.2.1. Compensation for Environmental Damages
As described under serial 9.1.1 above, since the project is to follow the World Bank (WB) emission standards, therefore, it is required to operate at least 95 % of its operational time in compliance with the required emission standards of the WB. This ensures that the project operation is legally bound to observe all legal requirements to avoid damaging the environment around the project.
Secondly, as described under serial 9.1.1 under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act-(PEPA), 1997, the likely damages to be caused to any sector of the environment or property or else will be paid to the affected parties.
Thirdly, under the PEPA -1997, the EPA of the concerned province and the Environment Tribunal can legally prosecute the project proponent for the damages to occur from the pollution generation from the project.
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There is complete legal cover to address issues related to compensation for any environmental damage arising out of project activity. However, to address any such issues more expeditiously, the project administration will have a local committee as an Informal Mechanism.
This informal mechanism will provide convenient, quick and cost effective decisions for compensation against any environmental damages that occur from the project activity. This informal mechanism will also build confidence between the project administration and public and safeguard the interests of both the project and the public at large.
The project administration, therefore, proposes the following committee at the local level for amicable and speedy resolution of cases pertaining to any environmental damages that likely occur from the project activity. The decision of the committee will be executed in letter and spirit.
9.2.2 Constitution of the Committee:
Chief Executive of the Company or his nominee: Chairman/Chief Head of the Rahim Yar Khan District Government Ex-officio Member Head of the District Local Self Government Ex-officio Member A dignitary of the project area Member Head HSE Department of the project Member Representative of the NGO Member Representative of the aggrieved person Member Environmentalist Member
9.2.3. Time Schedule for Redressing the Grievance
The committee will be under obligation to decide the grievance within four weeks of the complaint by the aggrieved party. Compensation as decided by the committee will be paid to the aggrieved party within two weeks from the date of decision of the committee.
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The decision of the committee will be binding on both parties, i.e., the project administration as well as the aggrieved party.
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10
Conclusions
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-10, Conclusions Page – 10.1 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
SECTION – 10 CONCLUSIONS
The project embarks upon installation of 80 MW cogeneration power plant, 2 x 40 MW condensing and extraction steam turbines with 2 x 210 TPH Boilers fired with bagasse as a primary fuel and coal as secondary fuel. Cogeneration plant will be installed adjacent to the JDW Sugar Mills in Qasba Shiren, Jamal Din Wali, District Rahim Yar Khan.
On the basis of this EIA Report it is concluded that:
1- There are sensitive elements/segments of environment around the project site. There is no industry within about more than 20 km radius of the project site, nor there is any other source of pollution. Therefore, the project has the privilege to be sited in the “unpolluted” air shed, which in turn means that baseline environmental indicators are within national and international limits and there is less expenditure required to achieve desired environmental standards even with the introduction of the project.
2- The project has inbuilt efficient, state of the art and reliable mechanisms to
control all type of pollutants like PM10, gaseous emissions and noise not only in compliance levels well within the NEQS limits of the Pakistan, but also within those set by the World Bank (Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, World Bank Group, Effective July 1998-Thermal Power: Guidelines for New Plants.)
3- The use of bagasse as main fuel for about 180 days of operation of the power plant will displace fossil-fuel based electricity generation.
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4- Effluent will be treated, reused and left over to be discharge in to the near by water canal after obtaining NOC from concerned authorities.
5- EMP and EMtP, as recommended in this EIA Report, are to be implemented during construction and operation phases. This will manage all type of pollutants.
6- Quarterly environmental monitoring by a third party will also certify that the project will run in accordance with legal requirements under the NEQS Pakistan and the WB.
7- The project, is required to join Self Monitoring and Reporting by Industry (SMART), this will further ensure that the plant will operate according to the required environmental standards namely NEQS-Pakistan.
8- The proposed power plant will improve the economic status of the region and also contribute significantly to the overall economic growth of the country, when due to acute shortage of electric power long drawn out load sheddings are salient feature across the entire country. This state of affairs is resulting in huge economic loss to the national exchequer in the form of taxes and duties and drastic decrease in Industrial Productivity resulting in cut of the foreign exchange earnings, joblessness especially among the workers and related socio-economic issues.
9- The proposed power plant is designed to meet the national (NEQS) and the World bank standards for environmental protection. Hence, the implementation of plant will lead to overall sustainable development in the study area in specific and at the national level in general.
10- Due to operation of power plant following improvement can also be noticed in: ECTECH - Environment Consultants Section-10, Conclusions Page – 10.3 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
· Socio cultural environment of the project area. · Transport, and communication services. · Employment due to increased business, trade commerce and service sector. Resultantly, with the increase in the income of a common man, there will be a great encouragement among this sector of the people to get their children educated.
11- Since the project does not involve any land ouster or home ousters and resettlement or displacement of any community, there will be no impact due to project on the social environment.
12- No case of indigenous people is involved.
13- The people are of the opinion that the installation of the power plant in the area is beneficial for the community especially and the area in general.
14- Because of the serious long duration “shut downs of electric power” all over Pakistan, the people appreciate that the power plant will be a blessing in disguise to reduce the big gap between energy demand and supply.
15- Study findings depict that the people of the study area perceive overall positive impacts as a result of installation of the plant. Therefore, their attitude towards the project installation is quite positive.
16- In light of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), it is concluded that perceived positive social impacts dominate and there are hardly any negative social impacts observed during the study.
17- The people have great hopes from the plant activity and its management.
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18- The people of the project area are very positive to the installation of the power plant and they foresee many socio-economic opportunities and benefits for themselves and their wards.
19- The people believe that installation of the power plant in the area, will open up employment opportunities which in turn follow a chain of indirect socio-economic benefits.
20- The people of the project area foresee accelerated economic activity due to the business opportunities likely to emerge in the area.
21- People foresee many socio-cultural and psychological positive impacts on their lives and the community.
22- They feel that the plant and its related activities will provide a strong base for social change.
23- They reckon that influx of people and technology in the area will improve the quality of life of the people.
24- Some people have concerns about the environmental aspects of the project.
25- Inflow of outsiders to take place due to the project has also very minor concern for the people.
26- The Grievance Redress Mechanism both formal and informal has been included as separate Section 9. According to the mechanism any disputes arising due to likely environment damage to the public property or else will facilitate to effectively address the compensation issues at the local level, especially, under the informal mechanism. This will create goodwill between the people around the project and for the smooth operation of the project.
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Annexure – 1.1
[Showing Details of Expert involved for preparation of EIA]
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 1.1, Experts Detail Page – A-1.1 - 1 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
TEAM MEMBERS WHO PREPARED THE EIA REPORT
Team members who participated in various activities of this study and preparation of the report are listed hereunder with their qualifications, experience (summary) and assignment carried out by each one of them.
Name of the EIA team Qualification and brief experience Position in the EIA member Team and role*
1-Dr. Muhammad Hanif, A-Qualifications: -Team Leader. Chief Executive, 1-M.Sc. (Chem. Tech.) Panjab Uni; Lahore; 1962. -Principal author of this ECTECH-Environment 2-Ph.D. (Chemistry) Charles University, Czech Republic; 1968. report. Consultants, 3-Post Doctorate-Alex. Humboldt. Foundation, Senior Post -Over all guidance, and Doctorate Fellow, Germany; 1974-75. supervision, and APEX Environment B-Experience/past Positions: participation in all the Laboratory: 1-Director General (R), PCSIR Labs. Complex, Lahore. activities of the company, 2-Director General (Ex.) public dealing, Ministry of Environment, Local Government and Rural administration and Development, Govt; of Pakistan. participation in projects 3- (ex.) Consultant Environment, Category-A, Asian and to ensure quality of Development Bank. the work. 4- (ex.) Consultant Environment, UN--ESCAP -Biodiversity, agriculture 5- Worked as Consultant on World Bank Funded Project- practices, forestry and “Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection”. related studies. 6- Ex- Consultant to UNESCAP Bangkok Preparation of - Public Consultations. Document/Guidelines on: i- Monitoring Methodologies (Guidelines) for Monitoring of Air for UNESCAP and Asia Pacific Rim Countries. ii- Preparation of Guidelines on Environmental Statistics. A few of his many multifarious Contributions include: 7- Worked on project: Opportunities of Environmental Goods in Pakistan C/O IFC. 8- Worked on the project: Strengthening of Environmental Management in Pakistan- Asian Development funded project. 9- Worked on the Government Panel on Climate Change. 10- Author of the National Environment Quality Standards (NEQS) 11- Author (one among others) of Pakistan national Conservation Strategy. 12-Author of: i-104 Scientific Research papers. ii- Over 66 technical end project reports on environment. 13- Prepared over 35 EIA & 22 IEE reports. This also includes the EIA carried out on behalf of the - Asian Development Bank regarding Katmandu Valley (Nepal) Industrial Site, - Saindak Gold/copper Project, - Pakistan Steel, Karachi and so on. 14- Prepared 10 Social and Environmental Impact (SEIA) Repots
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according to International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards of April 30, 2006 and DEG Germany Format . 15- Author of a large number and variety of environment related documents of diverse nature. 16- Visiting Faculty ( in ENVIRONMENT) at : i- G.C. University, Lahore for M.Phil and Ph.D. students. ii- Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore for M.Phil.; M.Sc. and B.Sc. Hons students
2- Mr. Aftab Ahmad M.Sc. Chem. Engineering (P.Uni.). Ex: Acting Chairman National Process and production Cheema Fertilizer Corporation; Managing Director, Pak Arab Fertilize and waste treatment Corporation, Multan; Plant Manager Dawood Hercules; Plant plants designing, Manager Nestle specialist SEIA reports writing. HSE specialist. Cowriter of SEIA Report. Technical Experts on Power Plants, and other Industrial Equipment, Feasibility Study Report, Public Consultation etc.
3-Muhammad Saif-ur- B.Sc. (Chemical Engineering), Punjab Uni. -Senior Team Member Rehman -Special thesis was completed on Environmental Management -Project on site Practices and Waste Water Treatment Technologies. This was a monitoring & related part of the B.Sc. Final Year degree requirement. activities. M.Sc. (Applied Environmental Sciences), Panjab Uni. - co-author of the report -General Manager, APEX Environment Lab. and - Collection of demographic data. -Chief Engineer Monitoring, ECTECH -Environment - Preparation of Consultants environmental -Experience in Environment: management plan. For the last over 12 years working in the field of environment on the following subjects: i- Prepared 12 EIAs, in the field of Power Generation, fertilizer and chemical industry. ii- Designing, fabrication, installation and operation of Waste Water Treatment Plants; So far FIVE plants have been designed and installed and one plant in design stages. iii- Carrying out environmental Audit: EA of 18 industrial units has been completed so far. iv- Lab. Testing of effluents and water: For the last 5 years lab. testing services have been provided by me. v- Participated in preparation of SEIA Reports as shown against the assignments of Dr. Muhammad Hanif. vi- Lead Environmental Auditor for NIKE USA. Regular EA of the industrial units supplying goods to NIKE.
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4- Mr. Ahtasham Raza B.Sc. (Botany, Zoology, Chemistry) P.Uni. -On site monitoring and M.Sc. ( Industrial Chemistry),G.C. University, Lahore. lab. testing of samples - M.Phil (Environmental Sciences), GC University, Lahore. and data processing. - Senior Lab. Analyst, - Report writing. APEX Environment Laboratory - Preparation of - Senior Monitoring Engineer environmental ECTECH-Environment Consultants management plan - Biodiversity, aquatic & marine biology, coastal and marine resources etc.
5- Mr. Muhammad Anis B.A; L.L.B; Expert on Environment Law Guidance on various aspects of Environmental Law as applicable in EIA and related context.
6- Muhammad Mujahid M.Sc. Environmental Sciences, On site monitoring and University of Punjab, Lahore. lab. Testing of samples -Lab. Analyst, and data processing. APEX Environment Laboratory - Report writing. -Monitoring Engineer -Lab. Testing of ECTECH-Environment Consultants pollutants -Data processing /handling
7- Ahsan Akhlak M.Sc. Environmental Sciences, ------DO------University of Punjab, Lahore. -Lab. Analyst, APEX Environment Laboratory -Monitoring Engineer ECTECH-Environment Consultants
8- Chaudhry Noor Ahmad B.Sc. Civil, hydrological and Structural Engineering. (Karachi -Hydrological and Uni.) agriculture studies. Structural designing and waste water treatment plant designing.
* The roles of the team members were not restricted to the mentioned in the above table, rather they performed many other studies to complete this EIA repot.
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Annexures – 1.2
[Showing Guidelines for self – Monitoring and Regarding by Industry (SMART) Final Report March 1998]
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Annexure 1.2 Page – 1.1 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
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Annexure 1.2 Page – 1.2 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
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Annexure – 2.1
[Showing Pakistan, Punjab, Rahim Yar Khan District, Jamal Din Wali Village, National Highways and Location of Proposed Project Site]
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Pakistan & Punjab Province
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Pakistan Highway Network
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JDW Sugar Mills
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Annexure – 2.3
Hydro-Geological Study
JDW Power (PVT) Limited
80 MW CO-GENERATION POWER PLANT
HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL STUDY
MARCH 2011
FHC CONSULTING ENGINEERS 148 - K, Model Town, Lahore-54700, Pakistan Phone: +92-42-3584 2607, 3585 5526 Fax: +92-42-3584 2597 Email: [email protected]
JDW Power Plant Hydro-Geological Study
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1 INTRODUCTION...... 1 1.1 GENERAL ...... 1 1.2 CONSULTANCY SERVICES ...... 2 1.3 SCOPE OF WORK...... 3 1.4 HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT SITE ...... 3 1.5 PLANNING FOR SITE TESTING...... 5 1.6 DESIGN OF THE TUBE WELLS FOR JDW POWER PLANT...... 9 1.6.1 Porosity ...... 10 1.6.2 Permeability...... 10 1.7 CONCLUSIONS ...... 13 1.8 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 13 1.9 REFERENCES...... 15
ANNEXURES
Annexure - A: Borehole Log Annexure - B: Water Testing Results Annexure - C: Typical Section of Tube Wells Design Annexure - D: Photographs
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
JDW Power has planned a 80 MW co-generation power project adjacent to JDW Sugar Mills situated in Qasba Shiren, Jamal Din Wali, district Rahim Yar Khan of Punjab province. The project area is located about 28° latitude and 69° longitude. The project area is accessible through metalled road from N-5 and connected by a 15 km metalled branch road from N-5 to power plant. Branch road is of fair to good quality for transportation of the heavy equipments for the power plant. The project site area is well connected with other parts of the country by all means of transportation, i.e. air, rail and road.
The cities of Rahim Yar Khan and Sadiqabad are the important settlements in vicinity of the project site. Inhabitants of the area are mainly agrarian.
Wheat, sugarcane, cotton and pulses are the main crops of the area. Climatically area lies in arid continental low land region and characterized by large seasonal fluctuations in temperature and rainfall. Winters are mild and summers are very hot. The average annual rainfall ranges from 100 to 125 mm. The temperature generally ranges between 10° to 48° C. Maximum rain fall occurs in monsoon rain period. Physiographically the area can be classified as the part of great upper Indus plain and south eastern part is covered under cholistan desert. Project location plan is shown as Figure - 1.1.
This Hydro-geological study has been performed by M/s Fida Hussain Chaudhary-FHC Consulting Engineers, Lahore keeping in view the requirement of water source for the power plant during construction and later for operational needs.
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JDW Power Plant Hydro-Geological Study
Figure - 1.1: Location Map
1.2 CONSULTANCY SERVICES
The scope of consultancy for hydro-geological study was based upon already established tube wells with pumping testing and installation of one piezometer for draw down / recovery assessment of the existing aquifer and preparation of the report based on desk studies and review of the previous studies of the adjacent areas. A detailed hydro-geological study was carried out for the evaluation of the aquifer characteristics and design of the tube wells keeping in view production rate/safe yield of well.
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Installation of temporary piezometer for ground water monitoring, complete set of drilling by percussion method up to depth of 100 feet was carried out. Visual inspection and logging of in-situ substrata was carried out at site by an experienced team of Engineering Geologists of FHC. For Borehole Log refer Annexure - A.
As part of the services pumping test was carried out at site in already established well for drawdown / recovery of the ground water table under the supervision of the experienced team, and findings are defined in the next sections.
1.3 SCOPE OF WORK
Scope of work entrusted to FHC was for assessment of ground water conditions to define the water source for requirement of water during construction and later for power plant operations details of which are as under:
• Hydro geological study was carried out for the proper design and Installation of tube- wells within the boundary of the plant.
• Seasonal requirement of water is about 465 m³/Hour (4.6 Cusec) and off season requirement is about 268 m³/Hour (2.6 Cusec).
• Requirement of water at construction stage is 80 m³/Hour(0.8 Cusec).
• To define the available reservoir conditions against the computed water requirement during construction and operations, the number and location of tube wells which will serve as water supply.
• A detailed hydro geological study to be conducted for assessment and evaluate the aquifer characteristics, production rate and safe yield of well.
• Draw down and radius of influence from the new wells during operations to prevent well interference between wells and well spacing.
1.4 HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT SITE
Indus River is the main stream of the area which flows from North to Southwest direction of the project site. It is the main source of surface water and recharge to ground water body.
Aerial distance of the Indus river from Power plant site is about 8 Km and in Northwest of the power plant a small canal named as Bongwa Icha is located. Its distance from power plant site is about 20 m and Bongwa Icha canal is divided from Punjnad canal right bank through a small head works which is in Southeast direction of the project site.
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JDW Power Plant Hydro-Geological Study
Punjnad canal is at 100 m from power plant site. Another small canal is distributed through left bank of Punjnad canal going in southwest direction of the power plant.
Hydro-geological studies were carried out in the project area which revealed that recent alluvium composed of sandy silt, Silty sandy clay and fine to medium grained sand are distributed in the upper part of five feet and from five feet to about 300 feet identified zones by drilling in the vicinity of the project area.
Strata is medium to coarse grained sand with trace mica and little fine sand, age of these deposits is recent.
Fine to coarse grained sand is present as unconfined aquifer, highly transmissive and this entire zone is very suitable for high capacity tube wells.
Water table was observed in the newly installed piezometer near to the already established tube-well-A and ground water table was encountered at 24 feet in the piezometer. Readings of the piezometer were monitored for seventy two hours after final installation and during continuous observation time is same for ground water table.
Regarding pumping test piezometer conditions are defined in the section of pumping test.
Water table was monitored in the other wells of the area within 5 square Kilometer and it ranges between 22 feet to 30 feet, but as per previous studies reference, ground water table of the area was at 8 to 12 feet but now it has gone down to 22 feet to 30 feet in depth due to continuous pumping from last many years in the surrounding of the Jamal Din Wali sugar mills area.
Ground water qualities are fresh and sweat along the Indus River areas due to rapid ground water recharge. Testing results of water of already established wells are attached as Annexure - B.
Indus River location from Jamal Din Wali sugar mills is shown in Figure - 1.2 and it is the main recharge source of an enormous unconfined aquifer of the area with added advantage of the project adjacent canals as described above.
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Figure - 1.2: Location of Jamal Din Wali Sugar Mills and Indus River
1.5 PLANNING FOR SITE TESTING
For monitoring of the already established well nearby the power plant site, one number of piezometer was installed up to the depth of 100 feet keeping in view the ground water conditions in the entire zone. Previous studies references were made useful to evaluate the drawdown conditions with recovery of the water table and a design of tube wells is established in the light of pumping test drawdown/recovery potential of the aquifer with production rate/safe yield, for the requirement of water during construction and later for operations.
Six numbers of tube-wells are designed to keep in view the seasonal and off seasonal requirements of water, details and designs of the wells are defined in the next sections.
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JDW Power Plant Hydro-Geological Study
Well interface and spacing was calculated based upon discharge and drawdown conditions of the pumping test, for all of the above field testing and observations. Following activities were monitored during the site visit:
• Site geology
• Hydrology
• Site history
• Ground water quality
• Anticipated contaminants of concern.
The following site characterization data elements were utilized to form a conceptual model of the site:
• Site geology and hydrology;
• Potential
As defined above in the section of Hydro-geological study, area geology of Recent age consisting Silty sandy Clay, Silty sand up to upper surface of maximum 5 feet and from 5 feet to onward up to defined depth is 300 feet in this zone drilled by WAPDA is BW-2 as shown in Figure - 1.3 and as per previous studies aquifer in this zone has lot of potential with reference to the river Indus and local canal net work of well supporting surface hydrology.
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Figure - 1.3: Water Resources Map established by WAPDA
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Regarding site history of the ground water table, this study reveals that, ground water table was at shallower depth in past as described above but with establishment of present network of the tube wells in the vicinity of the project area, ground water table is lowered up to the depth of 22 to 30 feet and with increased pumping of water it may be lowered down further but recharge phenomenon indicates that, aquifer conditions are very favorable. As per our established tube-wells design with depth and well-interference between the wells. Well spacing is also generated by the present scope of field studies but limitations are there due to the pumping test at the established well nearby the power plant site.
Depth criteria of the water wells cannot be finalized due to the huge unconfined aquifer conditions but deeper drilling cannot guarantee usable and safe water. Salinity may be encountered at any point as we go deeper because water is such an excellent solvent, it can contain lots of dissolved chemicals. And since groundwater moves through subsurface soil, it has a lot of opportunity to dissolve substances as it moves. For that reason, groundwater will often have more dissolved substances than surface water.
Even though the ground is an excellent mechanism for filtering out particulate matter, such as leaves, soil, and bugs, dissolved chemicals and gases can still occur in large enough concentrations in groundwater to cause problems. Underground water can get contaminated from industrial, domestic, and agricultural chemicals from the surface. This includes chemicals such as pesticides and herbicides. The most common water-quality problem in rural water supplies is bacterial contamination from septic tanks, which are often used in rural areas that don't have a sewage-treatment system. Effluent (overflow and leakage) from a septic tank can percolate (seep) down to the water table and maybe into a homeowner's own well. Just as with urban water supplies, chlorination may be necessary to kill the dangerous bacteria.
Naturally occurring contaminants are present in the subsurface strata. As groundwater flows through sediments, metals such as iron and manganese are dissolved and may later be found in high concentrations in the water. Industrial discharges, urban activities, agriculture, ground-water pumpage, and disposal of waste all can affect ground-water quality. Contaminants from leaking fuel tanks or fuel or toxic chemical spills may enter the groundwater and contaminate the aquifer. The physical properties of an aquifer, such as thickness, type of soil or sediment type, and location, play a large part in determining whether contaminants from the land surface will reach the groundwater.
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The risk of contamination is greater for unconfined (water-table) aquifers than for confined aquifers because they usually are nearer to land surface and lack an overlying confining layer to impede the movement of contaminants. Because groundwater moves slowly in the subsurface and many contaminants sorbs to the sediments, restoration of a contaminated aquifer is difficult and may require years, decades, centuries, or even millennia. Testing results of the already established wells showing values within permissible limits of drinking water and during present study were found suitable for construction and operations of the power plant.
To locate groundwater accurately and to determine the depth, quantity, and quality of the water, several techniques were used, and a target area was thoroughly tested and studied to identify hydrologic and geologic features.
Soils are the most valuable clues of all. As a first step in locating favorable conditions for ground-water development, subsurface soil conditions were studied and described by the already carried out Investigations provided by JDW and most recent data was the drilling of hole for piezometer up to the depth of 100 feet. In the nearby vicinity of the site, many of the wells are in working condition and were established since eighteen years and are still working well with full capacity.
1.6 DESIGN OF THE TUBE WELLS FOR JDW POWER PLANT.
As described above in Hydro-geological studies, massive aquifer is lying in entire zone of the project site. During the pumping test and drawdown conditions in piezometer as well as in the other established wells in the vicinity of the project site revealed that within 24 hours of the development of established tube well-A, 1.9 feet draw down was observed in the newly installed piezometer in first 15 minutes of the development of I cusec discharge and later up to 24 hours development, the same level of drawdown was maintained in the piezometer.
In the same time it was observed that the water level in 2nd established well-B which is at distance of about more than 300 m from the well-A and there was no any draw down by the development of well-A.
During the development of well-A, discharge of water was observed minutely and it remained constant throughout the development period.
After monitoring of 24 hours, development was stopped and immediately after 15 minutes, recovery was observed in the piezometer and it came to the ground water table within one hour and later very next day water table was monitored which was found to be the same as after recovery period of drawdown.
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JDW Power Plant Hydro-Geological Study
Before going to discuss ground water yield, following parameters are important to be described for better understanding of the ground water conditions in the project site. The possibility of occurrence of ground water mainly depends upon two geological factors:
• Porosity
• Permeability 1.6.1 Porosity
The porosity of the soils, which is major geological criteria for occurrence of ground water, is a quantitative measurement of the voids in the soils. It is generally defined as the percentage of the voids present in a given volume of soils or aggregates; mathematically it can be expressed as the total volume of voids in the aggregates to the total volume of the aggregates in percentage.
Porosity, in fact depends upon the shape, packing and degree of sorting of the component grains in a given material. Uniform and well sorted grains will give higher porosity, where as heterogeneous grains with irregular arrangement will give lower porosity values.
The porosity range can be from 1 % to 50 % but generally it does not increase more than 40 %.
As per reference study sands of this zone has the porosity of about 35 % which indicates medium to higher range and ultimately, percentage of containing water in entire zone soils is at higher level and it is reflecting good aquifer conditions for the project area.
1.6.2 Permeability
As described above ground water can get stored in the underground soils, only if they are sufficiently porous. In other words water gets stored in the pores of the soils. But the porosity does not ensure the maximum storage of ground water and in fact the water can enter in to the Aquifer strata, if it is reasonably permeable and it is found that in entire zone of the project site both of the factors are suitable for massive storage and recharging of aquifer.
Permeability is therefore, defined as the ability of the strata to transmit or pass water through itself. Transmissibility is another term which represents the same meanings but mathematically it is different from permeability. Transmissibility depends upon the ratio of depth to width factor as 1. So as per such equation and nature of the material of the zone, transmissibility of the entire zone of the project site is also higher and supporting the factor of safe yield and smooth production rate of the water in the tube wells.
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JDW Power Plant Hydro-Geological Study
By above mentioned factors of ground water the pumping test results are showing completely filled and saturated conditions of the safe yield.
Because drawdown conditions after first 15 minutes were maintained the same for next 24 hours and by this observation, the volume of ground water which we obtained in the aquifer to the volume of water which was drained during the pumping test is almost same during the development period of 24 hours so specific yield is about 100 %, which is indicating the best available aquifer in the entire zone of the project site.
The radius of influence on above mentioned factors and observations recorded from the adjacent wells and newly installed piezometer is showing that there is no abnormal influence on the other established wells.
Based upon above recorded factors and field testing following six numbers of new wells are recommended in entire project site accordingly.
Tube Well No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6
Depth of the Tube- Well 200 feet
Diameter of Tube-Well 6 Inches
Pump Capacity 1 Cusec
Location of the already established wells on layout of power plant is shown in Figure - 1.4.
Typical sections of the design of the both types of wells are attached in Annexure - C.
Project Photographs are attached as Annexure - D.
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Figure - 1.4: Location of the already established Wells on layout of power plant
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1.7 CONCLUSIONS
From field study following conclusions have been made;
• The problem of clogging can be reduced if the size of the openings is increased, so theoretically the slot size should be as wide as possible, generally its size varies from 0.2 mm to 5 mm.
• Slot opening for gravel packed wells is designed within 68 % of the D10 size of the gravel pack.
• For gravel pack designing D50 of gravel and D50 of Aquifer are required. This is generally called PA ratio and it should be between 12 and 15.5.
• Gravel pouring requires maximum field control.
• Pumping test results and recovery phenomenon of Aquifer reflects good production rate and safe yield.
• Six number of Tube wells with one Cusec capacity each will fulfill the water requirement at construction and later during the operations of power plant.
1.8 RECOMMENDATIONS
Following recommendations are proposed for the project;
• Seasonal requirement of water for power plant site is 465 m³/hr (4.6 Cusec) and off season requirement of water is 268 m³/hr (2.6 Cusec).By providing six numbers of tube-wells as per above mentioned specification, seasonal requirement can be fulfilled with proper production rate and with safe yield.
• Off season requirements will be achieved with a lot of comfort and any appropriate approach of running wells can be adopted for the fulfillment of the required quantity of water.
• Six numbers of Tube-Wells are recommended with depth of 200 feet of six inch dia by establishing 1 Cusec pump capacity.
• A well screen is recommended which is always most important part of a tube well and it serves for the entry of the water into the well. And for such study areas normally well screen should be 1/3rd of the total depth of the well, but generally it can be increased up to the half of total length.
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• Design of the screen is largely influenced by the characteristics of the water bearing formations, but present study has some limitations regarding unavailability of dry sieve analysis of aquifer samples. Results will help to determine the specifications of the design of the well screen as well to design the gravel pack. Following characteristics of the Aquifer should be defined before installation of the Tube-Wells.
a) Effective size (D10 & D60)
b) Uniformity Coefficient (Cu)
c) D50 size (Mean particle size of Aquifer)
• Before installation of the Tube-wells, about 200 feet deep boring is required and recommended for complete profile of aquifer soil up to the final depth.
• For designing of the size of slot openings of a screen, sieve analysis is again required. It also depends upon testing results of Aquifer materials because oversized slots will pump finer materials and it will be difficult to obtain clear water and undersized slots provide more resistance to the flow of ground water into the well, .
• Aquifer materials should have uniformity coefficient (Cu) [ 2.0. For uniform conditions and for graded aquifer it should be ∃ 2. Higher value must be avoided as it may generate segregation.
• On slotted part of the screen, cotton cloth should be wrapped before installation of the screen to avoid fines into the slots of well screen.
• In the study area upper part of the screen will be blind pipe as per requirement of design depth.
• Bottom part of well pipe of required diameter should be connected with Bail Plug to avoid base contamination of the aquifer materials.
• Massive Aquifer may not create any interference between wells but recommended spacing between the wells should not be less than 100 meters for taking full capacity in all seasons as per required quantity of water.
• Before installation of the wells, drilling contractor should be evaluated as per required scope of work keeping in view design of the tube wells.
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• Working methodologies regarding drilling, design of screen and gravel/fine aggregate packing with all arrangements of tools and equipments, will be submitted by the contractor for all operations of the installation of Tube- Wells.
• As mentioned above in section 1.3, it is recommended that foundation of the tube wells should be with in specified design limits i.e. maximum drilling depth ought not be more than 250 feet as we go deeper by continuous suction by the passage of time there after increased chances of development of salinity depression cone that might affect the present quality of water.
1.9 REFERENCES
• Waller, Roger M., Ground Water and the Rural Homeowner, Pamphlet, U.S. Geological Survey, 1982.
• Hafeez Chishti, 1992”Perameter of Hydrological cycle (Precipitation and evaporation”.
• Jacob, 1946 well losses.
• Hafeez Chishti, 1992”Ground water balance”
• M. Shamshad Gohar, 1992”Ground water resources of Pakistan”
• The central board of irrigation and Power, 1967.
• Google earth for preparation of location maps.
• Ground water monitoring maps catalogue prepared by WAPDA.
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Annexure – 2.4
[Showing Ground Water Data]
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Annexure 2.4, Ground Water Data Page – A-2.4 - 1 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
APEX ENVIRONMENT LABORATORY Suite # 4, 2nd Floor, Link Arcade, Model Town Link Road, Lahore Phone: 92-042-35887517; 0300-8486673; Fax: 042-35855508; E-mail: [email protected]
(Laboratory certified as “Environmental Laboratory” by the Environmental Protection Agency, Government of the Punjab vide its Memo No:178-08/DD (Labs.)/ EPA/09, dated May 16, 2009, certificate No: 178/08/DD (Labs.)/ EPA/09)
Laboratory Analysis Results of Ground Water from Project Site
Sr. Parameter Unit Result WHO Maximum No. allowable Guideline value 1. pH --- 7.2* 6.5-8.5 2. Temperature 0C 12* --- 3. Color TCU 8 15 4. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/l 920* 1000 5. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/l 2.0 ---
6. Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 202 500 7. Electrical Conductivity (EC) 1853* --- - 8. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 1.1 50 9. Ammonia mg/l 0.06 1.5 10. Arsenic mg/l 0.005 0.01 11. Turbidity NTU 1 5
12. Calcium Harness as CaCO3 mg/l 112 ---
13. Magnesium Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 90 --- 14. Chlorides as Cl- mg/l 110 250 15. Fluoride as F- mg/l 0.54 1.5 2- 16. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 20 400 17. Iron as Fe3+ mg/l 0.04 0.3 18. Sodium mg/l 6 200 19. Iodine mg/l N.D --- 20. Zinc as Zn2+ mg/l 0.6 3.0 * Onsite Testing N.D=Not Detected
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Annexure – 2.5
[Showing Water Balance Drawing identifying sources of Liquid Effluents Generation]
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Project’s Proposed Water Balance – Showing Sources of Liquid Effluents Generation
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Annexure – 2.6
[Showing Fuel Balance]
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Fuel Balance – Sugar Cane Crushing Season
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Fuel Balance –Off-Season
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Annexure – 2.7
[Showing Project Schedule]
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Project Implementation Schedule
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Annexure – 3.1
[Showing Baseline Ambient Gaseous Emissions Monitored Data ]
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Annexure 3.1, Ambient Gaseous Emissions Page – A-3.1 - 1 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
APEX ENVIRONMENT LABORATORY Suite # 4, 2nd Floor, Link Arcade, Model Town Link Road, Lahore Phone: 92-042-35887517; 0300-8486673; Fax: 042-35855508; E-mail: [email protected]
(Laboratory certified as “Environmental Laboratory” by the Environmental Protection Agency, Government of the Punjab vide its Memo No:178-08/DD (Labs.)/ EPA/09, dated May 16, 2009, certificate No: 178/08/DD (Labs.)/ EPA/09)
Ambient Gaseous Monitored Data
Sr. # SO2 NOx CO Date Time hour (ppb) (ppb) (ppb)
1 21-07-2010 09 :00 am 68.4 69.1 70
2 21-07-2010 10 :00 am 72.1 73.5 72
3 21-07-2010 11 :00 am 72.8 73.9 71
4 21-07-2010 12 :00 pm 78.5 79.1 74
5 21-07-2010 01 :00 pm 70.6 70.9 75
6 21-07-2010 02 :00 pm 69.6 70.1 77
7 21-07-2010 03 :00 pm 69.1 69.8 76
8 21-07-2010 04 :00 pm 66.4 67.3 74
9 21-07-2010 05 :00 pm 66.7 67.6 71
10 21-07-2010 06 :00 pm 67.4 67.9 72
11 21-07-2010 07 :00 pm 63.5 64.1 70
12 21-07-2010 08 :00 pm 57.1 57.9 68
13 21-07-2010 09 :00 pm 54.5 55.1 67
14 21-07-2010 10 :00 pm 50.6 51.3 66
15 21-07-2010 11 :00 pm 49.2 50.7 65
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 3.1, Ambient Gaseous Emissions Page – A-3.1 - 2 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
16 22-07-2010 12 :10 am 43.1 44.1 60
17 22-07-2010 01 :10 am 43.7 43.9 60
18 22-07-2010 02 :10 am 43.2 43.8 59
19 22-07-2010 03 :10 am 43.8 44.3 58
20 22-07-2010 04 :10 am 43.6 44.1 58
21 22-07-2010 05 :10 am 48.4 49.1 55
22 22-07-2010 06 :10 am 48.1 48.9 59
23 22-07-2010 07 :10 am 50.7 51.1 60
24 22-07-2010 08 :10 am 61.3 62.3 62
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 3.1, Ambient Gaseous Emissions Page – A-3.1 - 3 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Annexure – 3.2
[Showing Baseline Ambient Particulate Matter Monitored Data]
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 3.2, Ambient Particulate Matter Page – A-3.2 - 1 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
APEX ENVIRONMENT LABORATORY Suite # 4, 2nd Floor, Link Arcade, Model Town Link Road, Lahore Phone: 92-042-35887517; 0300-8486673; Fax: 042-35855508; E-mail: [email protected]
(Laboratory certified as “Environmental Laboratory” by the Environmental Protection Agency, Government of the Punjab vide its Memo No:178-08/DD (Labs.)/ EPA/09, dated May 16, 2009, certificate No: 178/08/DD (Labs.)/ EPA/09)
Ambient Particulate Matter Monitored Data
Sr. # Ambient Particulate Matter Date Time hour 3 (PM10 g/m )
1 21-07-2010 10 :10 am 81.1
2 21-07-2010 11 :10 am 80.6
3 21-07-2010 12 :10 am 79.3
4 21-07-2010 01 :10 pm 78.5
5 21-07-2010 02 :10 pm 78.6
6 21-07-2010 03 :10 pm 75.6
7 21-07-2010 04 :20 pm 73.6
8 21-07-2010 05 :20 pm 72.4
9 21-07-2010 06 :20 pm 72.5
10 21-07-2010 07 :20 pm 69.4
11 21-07-2010 08 :20 pm 68.5
12 21-07-2010 09 :20 pm 66.1
13 21-07-2010 10 :20 pm 62.5
14 21-07-2010 11 :20 pm 60.6
15 21-07-2010 12 :20 pm 60.2
16 22-07-2010 01 :20 am 60.1
17 22-07-2010 02 :20 am 59.7
18 22-07-2010 03 :20 am 59.2
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 3.2, Ambient Particulate Matter Page – A-3.2 - 2 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
19 22-07-2010 04 :10 am 59.8
20 22-07-2010 05 :10 am 60.8
21 22-07-2010 06 :10 am 68.4
22 22-07-2010 07 :10 am 68.1
23 22-07-2010 08 :10 am 80.7
24 22-07-2010 09 :10 am 81.3
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 3.2, Ambient Particulate Matter Page – A-3.2 - 3 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Annexure – 3.3
[Showing Baseline Noise Level Monitored Data]
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 3.3, Ambient Noise Level Page – A-3.3 - 1 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
APEX ENVIRONMENT LABORATORY Suite # 4, 2nd Floor, Link Arcade, Model Town Link Road, Lahore Phone: 92-042-35887517; 0300-8486673; Fax: 042-35855508; E-mail: [email protected]
(Laboratory certified as “Environmental Laboratory” by the Environmental Protection Agency, Government of the Punjab vide its Memo No:178-08/DD (Labs.)/ EPA/09, dated May 16, 2009, certificate No: 178/08/DD (Labs.)/ EPA/09)
Ambient Noise Monitored Data
Sr. # Noise db(A) Noise db(A) Date Time hour Minimum Maximum
1 21-07-2010 09 :00 am 44 67
2 21-07-2010 10 :00 am 45 63
3 21-07-2010 11 :00 am 50 64
4 21-07-2010 12 :00 pm 51 69
5 21-07-2010 01 :00 pm 58 61
6 21-07-2010 02 :00 pm 53 69
7 21-07-2010 03 :00 pm 56 69
8 21-07-2010 04 :00 pm 51 63
9 21-07-2010 05 :00 pm 50 67
10 21-07-2010 06 :00 pm 49 69
11 21-07-2010 07 :00 pm 53 64
12 21-07-2010 08 :00 pm 57 59
13 21-07-2010 09 :00 pm 44 55
14 21-07-2010 10 :00 pm 45 53
15 21-07-2010 11 :00 pm 41 5.0
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 3.3, Ambient Noise Level Page – A-3.3 - 2 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
16 22-07-2010 12 :10 am 34 34
17 22-07-2010 01 :10 am 34 35
18 22-07-2010 02 :10 am 34 35
19 22-07-2010 03 :10 am 34 35
20 22-07-2010 04 :10 am 34 34
21 22-07-2010 05 :10 am 36 34
22 22-07-2010 06 :10 am 48 49
23 22-07-2010 07 :10 am 42 45
24 22-07-2010 08 :10 am 52 62
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 3.3, Ambient Noise Level Page – A-3.3 - 3 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
ANNEXURE – 5.1
*** SCREEN3 MODEL RUN *** *** VERSION DATED 95250 *** Date: 11/05/10 Time: 11:18:49
JDW PL SEASON BAGASSE - PARTICULATE MATTER
SIMPLE TERRAIN INPUTS: SOURCE TYPE = POINT EMISSION RATE (G/S) = 20.0200 STACK HEIGHT (M) = 100.0000 STK INSIDE DIAM (M) = 4.0000 STK EXIT VELOCITY (M/S)= 24.6849 STK GAS EXIT TEMP (K) = 433.0000 AMBIENT AIR TEMP (K) = 303.0000 RECEPTOR HEIGHT (M) = .0000 URBAN/RURAL OPTION = RURAL BUILDING HEIGHT (M) = .0000 MIN HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000 MAX HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000
STACK EXIT VELOCITY WAS CALCULATED FROM VOLUME FLOW RATE = 310.20000 (M**3/S)
BUOY. FLUX = 290.701 M**4/S**3; MOM. FLUX = 1705.605 M**4/S**2.
*** FULL METEOROLOGY *** ********************************** *** SCREEN AUTOMATED DISTANCES *** **********************************
*** TERRAIN HEIGHT OF 0. M ABOVE STACK BASE USED FOR FOLLOWING DISTANCES ***
DIST CONC U10M USTK MIX HT PLUME SIGMA SIGMA (M) (UG/M**3) STAB (M/S) (M/S) (M) HT (M) Y (M) Z (M) DWASH ------1. .0000 1 1.0 1.2 1091.6 1090.58 8.42 8.42 NO 100. .3060E-12 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 252.20 29.78 29.36 NO 200. .1004E-03 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 252.20 45.01 43.93 NO 300. .1306E-03 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 252.20 46.65 44.35 NO 400. .5760E-03 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 430.19 103.78 85.09 NO 500. .1559 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 430.19 125.33 117.82 NO 600. 2.559 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 430.19 146.26 165.63 NO 700. 7.642 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 430.19 166.69 223.82 NO 800. 11.23 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 430.19 186.70 292.53 NO 900. 15.74 1 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 224.95 382.49 NO 1000. 18.76 1 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 245.29 471.79 NO 1100. 19.26 1 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 265.30 572.02 NO
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.1 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
1200. 18.63 1 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 282.99 682.42 NO 1300. 18.26 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 323.63 813.03 NO 1400. 17.58 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 338.16 944.18 NO 1500. 16.87 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 352.84 1087.10 NO 1600. 16.19 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 367.63 1241.72 NO 1700. 15.56 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 382.52 1408.04 NO 1800. 14.98 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 397.47 1586.05 NO 1900. 14.43 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 412.47 1775.77 NO 2000. 13.92 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 427.51 1977.24 NO 2100. 13.45 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 442.57 2190.48 NO 2200. 13.01 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 457.65 2415.53 NO 2300. 12.59 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 472.73 2652.45 NO 2400. 12.20 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 487.81 2901.27 NO 2500. 11.84 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 502.89 3162.04 NO 2600. 11.49 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 517.95 3434.80 NO 2700. 11.17 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 533.00 3719.60 NO 2800. 10.86 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 548.03 4016.49 NO 2900. 10.57 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 563.04 4325.51 NO 3000. 10.30 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 578.03 4646.71 NO 3500. 9.122 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 652.54 5000.00 NO 4000. 8.995 2 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 545.97 519.83 NO 4500. 8.779 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 614.51 599.65 NO 5000. 8.495 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 668.64 666.22 NO 5500. 8.071 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 722.41 734.03 NO 6000. 7.609 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 775.79 802.91 NO 6500. 7.160 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 828.78 872.70 NO 7000. 6.746 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 881.37 943.29 NO 7500. 6.374 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 933.57 1014.60 NO 8000. 6.103 2 1.0 1.2 1091.6 1090.58 1007.71 1106.84 NO 8500. 6.083 3 1.5 1.9 717.3 716.31 731.19 467.38 NO 9000. 6.135 3 1.5 1.9 717.3 716.31 767.22 488.98 NO 9500. 6.138 3 1.5 1.9 717.3 716.31 803.10 510.62 NO 10000. 6.101 3 1.5 1.9 717.3 716.31 838.82 532.29 NO
MAXIMUM 1-HR CONCENTRATION AT OR BEYOND 1. M: 1076. 19.30 1 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 260.33 545.94 NO
DWASH= MEANS NO CALC MADE (CONC = 0.0) DWASH=NO MEANS NO BUILDING DOWNWASH USED DWASH=HS MEANS HUBER-SNYDER DOWNWASH USED DWASH=SS MEANS SCHULMAN-SCIRE DOWNWASH USED DWASH=NA MEANS DOWNWASH NOT APPLICABLE, X<3*LB ******************************************** * SUMMARY OF TERRAIN HEIGHTS ENTERED FOR * * SIMPLE ELEVATED TERRAIN PROCEDURE * ******************************************** TERRAIN DISTANCE RANGE (M) HT (M) MINIMUM MAXIMUM ------0. 1. 10000.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.1 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
*************************************** *** SUMMARY OF SCREEN MODEL RESULTS *** ***************************************
CALCULATION MAX CONC DIST TO TERRAIN PROCEDURE (UG/M**3) MAX (M) HT (M) ------SIMPLE TERRAIN 19.30 1076. 0.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.1 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
ANNEXURE – 5.2 *** SCREEN3 MODEL RUN *** *** VERSION DATED 95250 *** Date: 11/05/10 Time: 11:26:05
JDW PL SEASON BAGASSE- NOX EMISSIONS
SIMPLE TERRAIN INPUTS: SOURCE TYPE = POINT EMISSION RATE (G/S) = 45.9000 STACK HEIGHT (M) = 100.0000 STK INSIDE DIAM (M) = 4.0000 STK EXIT VELOCITY (M/S)= 24.6849 STK GAS EXIT TEMP (K) = 433.0000 AMBIENT AIR TEMP (K) = 303.0000 RECEPTOR HEIGHT (M) = .0000 URBAN/RURAL OPTION = RURAL BUILDING HEIGHT (M) = .0000 MIN HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000 MAX HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000
STACK EXIT VELOCITY WAS CALCULATED FROM VOLUME FLOW RATE = 310.20000 (M**3/S)
BUOY. FLUX = 290.701 M**4/S**3; MOM. FLUX = 1705.605 M**4/S**2.
*** FULL METEOROLOGY *** ********************************** *** SCREEN AUTOMATED DISTANCES *** ********************************** *** TERRAIN HEIGHT OF 0. M ABOVE STACK BASE USED FOR FOLLOWING DISTANCES ***
DIST CONC U10M USTK MIX HT PLUME SIGMA SIGMA (M) (UG/M**3) STAB (M/S) (M/S) (M) HT (M) Y (M) Z (M) DWASH ------1. .0000 1 1.0 1.2 1091.6 1090.58 8.42 8.42 NO 100. .7015E-12 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 252.20 29.78 29.36 NO 200. .2302E-03 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 252.20 45.01 43.93 NO 300. .2993E-03 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 252.20 46.65 44.35 NO 400. .1321E-02 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 430.19 103.78 85.09 NO 500. .3575 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 430.19 125.33 117.82 NO 600. 5.866 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 430.19 146.26 165.63 NO 700. 17.52 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 430.19 166.69 223.82 NO 800. 25.74 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 430.19 186.70 292.53 NO 900. 36.08 1 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 224.95 382.49 NO 1000. 43.01 1 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 245.29 471.79 NO 1100. 44.16 1 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 265.30 572.02 NO 1200. 42.72 1 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 282.99 682.42 NO 1300. 41.86 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 323.63 813.03 NO ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.2
EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
1400. 40.31 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 338.16 944.18 NO 1500. 38.67 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 352.84 1087.10 NO 1600. 37.12 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 367.63 1241.72 NO 1700. 35.68 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 382.52 1408.04 NO 1800. 34.33 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 397.47 1586.05 NO 1900. 33.09 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 412.47 1775.77 NO 2000. 31.92 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 427.51 1977.24 NO 2100. 30.83 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 442.57 2190.48 NO 2200. 29.82 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 457.65 2415.53 NO 2300. 28.87 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 472.73 2652.45 NO 2400. 27.98 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 487.81 2901.27 NO 2500. 27.14 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 502.89 3162.04 NO 2600. 26.35 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 517.95 3434.80 NO 2700. 25.60 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 533.00 3719.60 NO 2800. 24.90 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 548.03 4016.49 NO 2900. 24.24 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 563.04 4325.51 NO 3000. 23.61 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 578.03 4646.71 NO 3500. 20.91 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 652.54 5000.00 NO 4000. 20.62 2 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 545.97 519.83 NO 4500. 20.13 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 614.51 599.65 NO 5000. 19.48 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 668.64 666.22 NO 5500. 18.51 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 722.41 734.03 NO 6000. 17.44 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 775.79 802.91 NO 6500. 16.42 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 828.78 872.70 NO 7000. 15.47 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 881.37 943.29 NO 7500. 14.61 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 933.57 1014.60 NO 8000. 13.99 2 1.0 1.2 1091.6 1090.58 1007.71 1106.84 NO 8500. 13.95 3 1.5 1.9 717.3 716.31 731.19 467.38 NO 9000. 14.07 3 1.5 1.9 717.3 716.31 767.22 488.98 NO 9500. 14.07 3 1.5 1.9 717.3 716.31 803.10 510.62 NO 10000. 13.99 3 1.5 1.9 717.3 716.31 838.82 532.29 NO
MAXIMUM 1-HR CONCENTRATION AT OR BEYOND 1. M: 1076. 44.26 1 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 260.33 545.94 NO
DWASH= MEANS NO CALC MADE (CONC = 0.0) DWASH=NO MEANS NO BUILDING DOWNWASH USED DWASH=HS MEANS HUBER-SNYDER DOWNWASH USED DWASH=SS MEANS SCHULMAN-SCIRE DOWNWASH USED DWASH=NA MEANS DOWNWASH NOT APPLICABLE, X<3*LB ******************************************** * SUMMARY OF TERRAIN HEIGHTS ENTERED FOR * * SIMPLE ELEVATED TERRAIN PROCEDURE * ******************************************** TERRAIN DISTANCE RANGE (M) HT (M) MINIMUM MAXIMUM ------0. 1. 10000.
*************************************** *** SUMMARY OF SCREEN MODEL RESULTS *** ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.2
EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
***************************************
CALCULATION MAX CONC DIST TO TERRAIN PROCEDURE (UG/M**3) MAX (M) HT (M) ------SIMPLE TERRAIN 44.26 1076. 0.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.2
EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
ANNEXURE – 5.3 *** SCREEN3 MODEL RUN *** *** VERSION DATED 95250 *** Date: 11/05/10 Time: 11:29:24
JDW PL SEASON BAGGASSE - SO2 EMISSIONS
SIMPLE TERRAIN INPUTS: SOURCE TYPE = POINT EMISSION RATE (G/S) = 103.000 STACK HEIGHT (M) = 100.0000 STK INSIDE DIAM (M) = 4.0000 STK EXIT VELOCITY (M/S)= 24.6849 STK GAS EXIT TEMP (K) = 433.0000 AMBIENT AIR TEMP (K) = 303.0000 RECEPTOR HEIGHT (M) = .0000 URBAN/RURAL OPTION = RURAL BUILDING HEIGHT (M) = .0000 MIN HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000 MAX HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000
STACK EXIT VELOCITY WAS CALCULATED FROM VOLUME FLOW RATE = 310.20000 (M**3/S)
BUOY. FLUX = 290.701 M**4/S**3; MOM. FLUX = 1705.605 M**4/S**2.
*** FULL METEOROLOGY *** ********************************** *** SCREEN AUTOMATED DISTANCES *** **********************************
*** TERRAIN HEIGHT OF 0. M ABOVE STACK BASE USED FOR FOLLOWING DISTANCES ***
DIST CONC U10M USTK MIX HT PLUME SIGMA SIGMA (M) (UG/M**3) STAB (M/S) (M/S) (M) HT (M) Y (M) Z (M) DWASH ------1. .0000 1 1.0 1.2 1091.6 1090.58 8.42 8.42 NO 100. .1574E-11 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 252.20 29.78 29.36 NO 200. .5166E-03 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 252.20 45.01 43.93 NO 300. .6717E-03 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 252.20 46.65 44.35 NO 400. .2963E-02 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 430.19 103.78 85.09 NO 500. .8022 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 430.19 125.33 117.82 NO 600. 13.16 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 430.19 146.26 165.63 NO 700. 39.32 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 430.19 166.69 223.82 NO 800. 57.76 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 430.19 186.70 292.53 NO 900. 80.97 1 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 224.95 382.49 NO 1000. 96.51 1 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 245.29 471.79 NO 1100. 99.09 1 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 265.30 572.02 NO 1200. 95.86 1 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 282.99 682.42 NO ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.3
EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
1300. 93.94 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 323.63 813.03 NO 1400. 90.47 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 338.16 944.18 NO 1500. 86.78 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 352.84 1087.10 NO 1600. 83.30 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 367.63 1241.72 NO 1700. 80.06 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 382.52 1408.04 NO 1800. 77.05 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 397.47 1586.05 NO 1900. 74.24 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 412.47 1775.77 NO 2000. 71.63 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 427.51 1977.24 NO 2100. 69.19 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 442.57 2190.48 NO 2200. 66.91 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 457.65 2415.53 NO 2300. 64.78 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 472.73 2652.45 NO 2400. 62.78 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 487.81 2901.27 NO 2500. 60.89 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 502.89 3162.04 NO 2600. 59.12 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 517.95 3434.80 NO 2700. 57.45 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 533.00 3719.60 NO 2800. 55.88 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 548.03 4016.49 NO 2900. 54.39 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 563.04 4325.51 NO 3000. 52.98 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 578.03 4646.71 NO 3500. 46.93 1 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 652.54 5000.00 NO 4000. 46.28 2 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 545.97 519.83 NO 4500. 45.17 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 614.51 599.65 NO 5000. 43.70 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 668.64 666.22 NO 5500. 41.53 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 722.41 734.03 NO 6000. 39.15 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 775.79 802.91 NO 6500. 36.84 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 828.78 872.70 NO 7000. 34.71 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 881.37 943.29 NO 7500. 32.79 2 1.5 1.8 761.4 760.39 933.57 1014.60 NO 8000. 31.40 2 1.0 1.2 1091.6 1090.58 1007.71 1106.84 NO 8500. 31.30 3 1.5 1.9 717.3 716.31 731.19 467.38 NO 9000. 31.56 3 1.5 1.9 717.3 716.31 767.22 488.98 NO 9500. 31.58 3 1.5 1.9 717.3 716.31 803.10 510.62 NO 10000. 31.39 3 1.5 1.9 717.3 716.31 838.82 532.29 NO
MAXIMUM 1-HR CONCENTRATION AT OR BEYOND 1. M: 1076. 99.31 1 2.0 2.3 640.0 595.29 260.33 545.94 NO
DWASH= MEANS NO CALC MADE (CONC = 0.0) DWASH=NO MEANS NO BUILDING DOWNWASH USED DWASH=HS MEANS HUBER-SNYDER DOWNWASH USED DWASH=SS MEANS SCHULMAN-SCIRE DOWNWASH USED DWASH=NA MEANS DOWNWASH NOT APPLICABLE, X<3*LB ******************************************** * SUMMARY OF TERRAIN HEIGHTS ENTERED FOR * * SIMPLE ELEVATED TERRAIN PROCEDURE * ******************************************** TERRAIN DISTANCE RANGE (M) HT (M) MINIMUM MAXIMUM ------0. 1. 10000.
*************************************** ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.3
EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
*** SUMMARY OF SCREEN MODEL RESULTS *** ***************************************
CALCULATION MAX CONC DIST TO TERRAIN PROCEDURE (UG/M**3) MAX (M) HT (M) ------SIMPLE TERRAIN 99.31 1076. 0.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.3
EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
ANNEXURE – 5.4 *** SCREEN3 MODEL RUN *** *** VERSION DATED 95250 *** Date: 11/05/10 Time: 11:32:08
JDW PL OFF-BAGASSE PM EMISSION
SIMPLE TERRAIN INPUTS: SOURCE TYPE = POINT EMISSION RATE (G/S) = 14.6200 STACK HEIGHT (M) = 100.0000 STK INSIDE DIAM (M) = 4.0000 STK EXIT VELOCITY (M/S)= 18.0163 STK GAS EXIT TEMP (K) = 433.0000 AMBIENT AIR TEMP (K) = 303.0000 RECEPTOR HEIGHT (M) = .0000 URBAN/RURAL OPTION = RURAL BUILDING HEIGHT (M) = .0000 MIN HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000 MAX HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000
STACK EXIT VELOCITY WAS CALCULATED FROM VOLUME FLOW RATE = 226.40000 (M**3/S)
BUOY. FLUX = 212.169 M**4/S**3; MOM. FLUX = 908.548 M**4/S**2.
*** FULL METEOROLOGY *** ********************************** *** SCREEN AUTOMATED DISTANCES *** ********************************** *** TERRAIN HEIGHT OF 0. M ABOVE STACK BASE USED FOR FOLLOWING DISTANCES ***
DIST CONC U10M USTK MIX HT PLUME SIGMA SIGMA (M) (UG/M**3) STAB (M/S) (M/S) (M) HT (M) Y (M) Z (M) DWASH ------1. .0000 1 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 6.63 6.62 NO 100. .1145E-13 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 237.04 26.94 26.48 NO 200. .2222E-04 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 237.04 40.84 39.65 NO 300. .3164E-04 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 237.04 42.64 40.11 NO 400. .5794E-02 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 373.34 101.78 82.63 NO 500. .4976 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 373.34 123.09 115.44 NO 600. 4.139 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 373.34 143.82 163.48 NO 700. 8.805 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 373.34 164.06 221.87 NO 800. 10.83 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 373.34 183.90 290.75 NO 900. 14.33 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 238.68 390.72 NO 1000. 17.04 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 259.80 479.49 NO 1100. 17.80 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 275.54 576.85 NO 1200. 17.44 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 290.61 685.62 NO 1300. 16.69 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 305.83 806.11 NO
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.4 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
1400. 15.91 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 321.17 938.23 NO 1500. 15.18 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 336.59 1081.93 NO 1600. 14.51 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 352.07 1237.21 NO 1700. 13.90 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 367.58 1404.06 NO 1800. 13.34 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 383.11 1582.52 NO 1900. 12.82 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 398.66 1772.62 NO 2000. 12.34 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 414.20 1974.40 NO 2100. 11.89 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 429.73 2187.92 NO 2200. 11.48 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 445.24 2413.21 NO 2300. 11.09 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 460.73 2650.34 NO 2400. 10.73 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 476.19 2899.34 NO 2500. 10.39 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 491.62 3160.26 NO 2600. 10.08 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 507.02 3433.17 NO 2700. 9.786 1 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 550.81 3722.19 NO 2800. 9.534 1 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 565.36 4018.89 NO 2900. 9.294 1 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 579.92 4327.74 NO 3000. 9.067 1 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 594.48 4648.79 NO 3500. 8.614 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 494.16 459.40 NO 4000. 8.556 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 549.96 524.02 NO 4500. 8.161 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 605.32 590.24 NO 5000. 7.644 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 660.21 657.76 NO 5500. 7.122 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 714.62 726.36 NO 6000. 6.641 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 768.54 795.90 NO 6500. 6.277 2 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 840.34 883.68 NO 7000. 6.041 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 614.35 390.71 NO 7500. 6.126 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 651.25 412.71 NO 8000. 6.136 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 687.96 434.75 NO 8500. 6.090 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 724.49 456.82 NO 9000. 6.000 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 760.83 478.90 NO 9500. 5.880 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 797.00 500.98 NO 10000. 5.740 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 832.99 523.05 NO
MAXIMUM 1-HR CONCENTRATION AT OR BEYOND 1. M: 1106. 17.81 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 276.29 582.00 NO
DWASH= MEANS NO CALC MADE (CONC = 0.0) DWASH=NO MEANS NO BUILDING DOWNWASH USED DWASH=HS MEANS HUBER-SNYDER DOWNWASH USED DWASH=SS MEANS SCHULMAN-SCIRE DOWNWASH USED DWASH=NA MEANS DOWNWASH NOT APPLICABLE, X<3*LB ******************************************** * SUMMARY OF TERRAIN HEIGHTS ENTERED FOR * * SIMPLE ELEVATED TERRAIN PROCEDURE * ********************************************
TERRAIN DISTANCE RANGE (M) HT (M) MINIMUM MAXIMUM ------0. 1. 10000.
***************************************
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.4 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
*** SUMMARY OF SCREEN MODEL RESULTS *** ***************************************
CALCULATION MAX CONC DIST TO TERRAIN PROCEDURE (UG/M**3) MAX (M) HT (M) ------SIMPLE TERRAIN 17.81 1106. 0.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.4 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
ANNEXURE – 5.5 *** SCREEN3 MODEL RUN *** *** VERSION DATED 95250 *** Date: 11/05/10 Time: 11:34:46
JDW PL OFF-SEASON BAGASSE - NOx EMISSION
SIMPLE TERRAIN INPUTS: SOURCE TYPE = POINT EMISSION RATE (G/S) = 33.5000 STACK HEIGHT (M) = 100.0000 STK INSIDE DIAM (M) = 4.0000 STK EXIT VELOCITY (M/S)= 18.0163 STK GAS EXIT TEMP (K) = 433.0000 AMBIENT AIR TEMP (K) = 303.0000 RECEPTOR HEIGHT (M) = .0000 URBAN/RURAL OPTION = RURAL BUILDING HEIGHT (M) = .0000 MIN HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000 MAX HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000
STACK EXIT VELOCITY WAS CALCULATED FROM VOLUME FLOW RATE = 226.40000 (M**3/S)
BUOY. FLUX = 212.169 M**4/S**3; MOM. FLUX = 908.548 M**4/S**2.
*** FULL METEOROLOGY *** ********************************** *** SCREEN AUTOMATED DISTANCES *** ********************************** *** TERRAIN HEIGHT OF 0. M ABOVE STACK BASE USED FOR FOLLOWING DISTANCES ***
DIST CONC U10M USTK MIX HT PLUME SIGMA SIGMA (M) (UG/M**3) STAB (M/S) (M/S) (M) HT (M) Y (M) Z (M) DWASH ------1. .0000 1 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 6.63 6.62 NO 100. .2624E-13 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 237.04 26.94 26.48 NO 200. .5091E-04 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 237.04 40.84 39.65 NO 300. .7249E-04 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 237.04 42.64 40.11 NO 400. .1328E-01 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 373.34 101.78 82.63 NO 500. 1.140 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 373.34 123.09 115.44 NO 600. 9.483 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 373.34 143.82 163.48 NO 700. 20.18 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 373.34 164.06 221.87 NO 800. 24.81 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 373.34 183.90 290.75 NO 900. 32.84 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 238.68 390.72 NO 1000. 39.04 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 259.80 479.49 NO 1100. 40.80 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 275.54 576.85 NO 1200. 39.97 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 290.61 685.62 NO 1300. 38.25 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 305.83 806.11 NO
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.5 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
1400. 36.45 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 321.17 938.23 NO 1500. 34.79 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 336.59 1081.93 NO 1600. 33.26 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 352.07 1237.21 NO 1700. 31.85 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 367.58 1404.06 NO 1800. 30.56 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 383.11 1582.52 NO 1900. 29.37 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 398.66 1772.62 NO 2000. 28.27 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 414.20 1974.40 NO 2100. 27.25 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 429.73 2187.92 NO 2200. 26.30 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 445.24 2413.21 NO 2300. 25.41 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 460.73 2650.34 NO 2400. 24.59 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 476.19 2899.34 NO 2500. 23.82 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 491.62 3160.26 NO 2600. 23.09 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 507.02 3433.17 NO 2700. 22.42 1 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 550.81 3722.19 NO 2800. 21.84 1 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 565.36 4018.89 NO 2900. 21.30 1 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 579.92 4327.74 NO 3000. 20.77 1 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 594.48 4648.79 NO 3500. 19.74 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 494.16 459.40 NO 4000. 19.61 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 549.96 524.02 NO 4500. 18.70 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 605.32 590.24 NO 5000. 17.52 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 660.21 657.76 NO 5500. 16.32 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 714.62 726.36 NO 6000. 15.22 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 768.54 795.90 NO 6500. 14.38 2 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 840.34 883.68 NO 7000. 13.84 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 614.35 390.71 NO 7500. 14.04 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 651.25 412.71 NO 8000. 14.06 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 687.96 434.75 NO 8500. 13.95 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 724.49 456.82 NO 9000. 13.75 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 760.83 478.90 NO 9500. 13.47 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 797.00 500.98 NO 10000. 13.15 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 832.99 523.05 NO
MAXIMUM 1-HR CONCENTRATION AT OR BEYOND 1. M: 1106. 40.80 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 276.29 582.00 NO
DWASH= MEANS NO CALC MADE (CONC = 0.0) DWASH=NO MEANS NO BUILDING DOWNWASH USED DWASH=HS MEANS HUBER-SNYDER DOWNWASH USED DWASH=SS MEANS SCHULMAN-SCIRE DOWNWASH USED DWASH=NA MEANS DOWNWASH NOT APPLICABLE, X<3*LB ******************************************** * SUMMARY OF TERRAIN HEIGHTS ENTERED FOR * * SIMPLE ELEVATED TERRAIN PROCEDURE * ******************************************** TERRAIN DISTANCE RANGE (M) HT (M) MINIMUM MAXIMUM ------0. 1. 10000. *************************************** *** SUMMARY OF SCREEN MODEL RESULTS *** ***************************************
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.5 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
CALCULATION MAX CONC DIST TO TERRAIN PROCEDURE (UG/M**3) MAX (M) HT (M) ------SIMPLE TERRAIN 40.80 1106. 0.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.5 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
ANNEXURE – 5.6 *** SCREEN3 MODEL RUN *** *** VERSION DATED 95250 *** Date: 11/05/10 Time: 11:39:59
JDW PL OFF-SEASON BAGASSE - SO2 EMISSIONS
SIMPLE TERRAIN INPUTS: SOURCE TYPE = POINT EMISSION RATE (G/S) = 75.0000 STACK HEIGHT (M) = 100.0000 STK INSIDE DIAM (M) = 4.0000 STK EXIT VELOCITY (M/S)= 18.0163 STK GAS EXIT TEMP (K) = 433.0000 AMBIENT AIR TEMP (K) = 303.0000 RECEPTOR HEIGHT (M) = .0000 URBAN/RURAL OPTION = RURAL BUILDING HEIGHT (M) = .0000 MIN HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000 MAX HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000
STACK EXIT VELOCITY WAS CALCULATED FROM VOLUME FLOW RATE = 226.40000 (M**3/S)
BUOY. FLUX = 212.169 M**4/S**3; MOM. FLUX = 908.548 M**4/S**2.
*** FULL METEOROLOGY *** ********************************** *** SCREEN AUTOMATED DISTANCES *** ********************************** *** TERRAIN HEIGHT OF 0. M ABOVE STACK BASE USED FOR FOLLOWING DISTANCES ***
DIST CONC U10M USTK MIX HT PLUME SIGMA SIGMA (M) (UG/M**3) STAB (M/S) (M/S) (M) HT (M) Y (M) Z (M) DWASH ------1. .0000 1 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 6.63 6.62 NO 100. .5875E-13 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 237.04 26.94 26.48 NO 200. .1140E-03 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 237.04 40.84 39.65 NO 300. .1623E-03 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 237.04 42.64 40.11 NO 400. .2972E-01 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 373.34 101.78 82.63 NO 500. 2.553 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 373.34 123.09 115.44 NO 600. 21.23 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 373.34 143.82 163.48 NO 700. 45.17 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 373.34 164.06 221.87 NO 800. 55.54 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 373.34 183.90 290.75 NO 900. 73.53 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 238.68 390.72 NO 1000. 87.40 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 259.80 479.49 NO 1100. 91.34 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 275.54 576.85 NO 1200. 89.48 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 290.61 685.62 NO 1300. 85.63 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 305.83 806.11 NO
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.6 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
1400. 81.61 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 321.17 938.23 NO 1500. 77.88 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 336.59 1081.93 NO 1600. 74.45 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 352.07 1237.21 NO 1700. 71.31 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 367.58 1404.06 NO 1800. 68.42 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 383.11 1582.52 NO 1900. 65.75 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 398.66 1772.62 NO 2000. 63.29 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 414.20 1974.40 NO 2100. 61.00 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 429.73 2187.92 NO 2200. 58.87 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 445.24 2413.21 NO 2300. 56.89 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 460.73 2650.34 NO 2400. 55.05 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 476.19 2899.34 NO 2500. 53.32 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 491.62 3160.26 NO 2600. 51.70 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 507.02 3433.17 NO 2700. 50.20 1 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 550.81 3722.19 NO 2800. 48.91 1 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 565.36 4018.89 NO 2900. 47.68 1 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 579.92 4327.74 NO 3000. 46.51 1 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 594.48 4648.79 NO 3500. 44.19 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 494.16 459.40 NO 4000. 43.89 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 549.96 524.02 NO 4500. 41.87 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 605.32 590.24 NO 5000. 39.21 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 660.21 657.76 NO 5500. 36.53 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 714.62 726.36 NO 6000. 34.07 2 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 768.54 795.90 NO 6500. 32.20 2 1.0 1.2 921.0 920.03 840.34 883.68 NO 7000. 30.99 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 614.35 390.71 NO 7500. 31.43 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 651.25 412.71 NO 8000. 31.48 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 687.96 434.75 NO 8500. 31.24 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 724.49 456.82 NO 9000. 30.78 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 760.83 478.90 NO 9500. 30.16 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 797.00 500.98 NO 10000. 29.44 3 1.5 1.9 611.2 610.20 832.99 523.05 NO
MAXIMUM 1-HR CONCENTRATION AT OR BEYOND 1. M: 1106. 91.35 1 1.5 1.8 647.7 646.69 276.29 582.00 NO
DWASH= MEANS NO CALC MADE (CONC = 0.0) DWASH=NO MEANS NO BUILDING DOWNWASH USED DWASH=HS MEANS HUBER-SNYDER DOWNWASH USED DWASH=SS MEANS SCHULMAN-SCIRE DOWNWASH USED DWASH=NA MEANS DOWNWASH NOT APPLICABLE, X<3*LB ******************************************** * SUMMARY OF TERRAIN HEIGHTS ENTERED FOR * * SIMPLE ELEVATED TERRAIN PROCEDURE * ******************************************** TERRAIN DISTANCE RANGE (M) HT (M) MINIMUM MAXIMUM ------0. 1. 10000.
*************************************** *** SUMMARY OF SCREEN MODEL RESULTS ***
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.6 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
***************************************
CALCULATION MAX CONC DIST TO TERRAIN PROCEDURE (UG/M**3) MAX (M) HT (M) ------SIMPLE TERRAIN 91.35 1106. 0.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.6 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
ANNEXURE – 5.7 *** SCREEN3 MODEL RUN *** *** VERSION DATED 95250 *** Date: 11/05/10 Time: 11:43:07
JDW PL COAL FIRING EMISSIONS OF PM
SIMPLE TERRAIN INPUTS:
SOURCE TYPE = POINT EMISSION RATE (G/S) = 9.75000 STACK HEIGHT (M) = 100.0000 STK INSIDE DIAM (M) = 4.0000 STK EXIT VELOCITY (M/S)= 11.7456 STK GAS EXIT TEMP (K) = 433.0000 AMBIENT AIR TEMP (K) = 303.0000 RECEPTOR HEIGHT (M) = .0000 URBAN/RURAL OPTION = RURAL BUILDING HEIGHT (M) = 1000.0000 MIN HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000 MAX HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = 1000.0000
STACK EXIT VELOCITY WAS CALCULATED FROM VOLUME FLOW RATE = 147.60000 (M**3/S)
BUOY. FLUX = 138.322 M**4/S**3; MOM. FLUX = 386.160 M**4/S**2.
*** FULL METEOROLOGY ***
********************************** *** SCREEN AUTOMATED DISTANCES *** **********************************
*** TERRAIN HEIGHT OF 0. M ABOVE STACK BASE USED FOR FOLLOWING DISTANCES ***
DIST CONC U10M USTK MIX HT PLUME SIGMA SIGMA (M) (UG/M**3) STAB (M/S) (M/S) (M) HT (M) Y (M) Z (M) DWASH ------1. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 100. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 200. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 300. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 400. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 500. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 600. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 700. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 800. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 900. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 1000. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.7 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
1100. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 1200. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 1300. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 1400. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 1500. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 1600. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 1700. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 1800. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 1900. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 2000. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 2100. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 2200. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 2300. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 2400. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 2500. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 2600. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 2700. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 2800. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 2900. .0000 0 .0 .0 .0 .00 .00 .00 NA 3000. 27.59 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 350.00 700.00 SS 3500. 25.18 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 383.50 733.50 SS 4000. 23.15 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 417.00 767.00 SS 4500. 21.43 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 450.50 800.50 SS 5000. 19.95 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 484.00 834.00 SS 5500. 18.66 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 517.50 867.50 SS 6000. 17.52 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 551.00 901.00 SS 6500. 16.52 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 584.50 934.50 SS 7000. 15.62 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 618.00 968.00 SS 7500. 14.82 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 651.50 1001.50 SS 8000. 14.10 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 685.00 1035.00 SS 8500. 13.44 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 718.50 1068.50 SS 9000. 12.84 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 752.00 1102.00 SS 9500. 12.29 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 785.50 1135.50 SS 10000. 11.77 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 820.13 1200.00 SS
MAXIMUM 1-HR CONCENTRATION AT OR BEYOND 1. M: 3000. 27.59 3 1.0 1.3 320.0 125.45 350.00 700.00 SS
DWASH= MEANS NO CALC MADE (CONC = 0.0) DWASH=NO MEANS NO BUILDING DOWNWASH USED DWASH=HS MEANS HUBER-SNYDER DOWNWASH USED DWASH=SS MEANS SCHULMAN-SCIRE DOWNWASH USED DWASH=NA MEANS DOWNWASH NOT APPLICABLE, X<3*LB ******************************************** * SUMMARY OF TERRAIN HEIGHTS ENTERED FOR * * SIMPLE ELEVATED TERRAIN PROCEDURE * ******************************************** TERRAIN DISTANCE RANGE (M) HT (M) MINIMUM MAXIMUM ------0. 1. 10000.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.7 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
*************************************** *** SUMMARY OF SCREEN MODEL RESULTS *** ***************************************
CALCULATION MAX CONC DIST TO TERRAIN PROCEDURE (UG/M**3) MAX (M) HT (M) ------SIMPLE TERRAIN 27.59 3000. 0.
ECTECH - Environment Consultants
Annexure 5.7 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
ANNEXURE – 5.8 *** SCREEN3 MODEL RUN *** *** VERSION DATED 95250 *** Date: 11/05/10 Time: 11:46:34
JDW PL COAL FIRING EMISSION OF NOX
SIMPLE TERRAIN INPUTS: SOURCE TYPE = POINT EMISSION RATE (G/S) = 27.3000 STACK HEIGHT (M) = 100.0000 STK INSIDE DIAM (M) = 4.0000 STK EXIT VELOCITY (M/S)= 11.7456 STK GAS EXIT TEMP (K) = 433.0000 AMBIENT AIR TEMP (K) = 303.0000 RECEPTOR HEIGHT (M) = .0000 URBAN/RURAL OPTION = RURAL BUILDING HEIGHT (M) = .0000 MIN HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000 MAX HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000
STACK EXIT VELOCITY WAS CALCULATED FROM VOLUME FLOW RATE = 147.60000 (M**3/S)
BUOY. FLUX = 138.322 M**4/S**3; MOM. FLUX = 386.160 M**4/S**2.
*** FULL METEOROLOGY ***
********************************** *** SCREEN AUTOMATED DISTANCES *** **********************************
*** TERRAIN HEIGHT OF 0. M ABOVE STACK BASE USED FOR FOLLOWING DISTANCES ***
DIST CONC U10M USTK MIX HT PLUME SIGMA SIGMA (M) (UG/M**3) STAB (M/S) (M/S) (M) HT (M) Y (M) Z (M) DWASH ------1. .0000 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 4.72 4.71 NO 100. .0000 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 51.00 45.54 NO 200. .5880E-05 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 218.82 35.89 34.52 NO 300. .1183E-03 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 311.46 77.80 56.16 NO 400. .1564 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 311.46 99.61 79.94 NO 500. 4.017 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 311.46 120.68 112.86 NO 600. 16.74 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 311.46 141.18 161.16 NO 700. 25.49 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 311.46 161.23 219.78 NO 800. 35.93 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 206.74 305.71 NO 900. 44.83 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 225.32 382.71 NO 1000. 47.06 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 241.16 469.66 NO 1100. 45.59 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 257.15 568.29 NO
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Annexure 5.8 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
1200. 43.15 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 273.23 678.43 NO 1300. 40.76 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 289.37 800.01 NO 1400. 38.61 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 305.54 933.00 NO 1500. 36.66 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 321.71 1077.40 NO 1600. 34.91 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 337.87 1233.24 NO 1700. 33.32 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 354.00 1400.56 NO 1800. 31.99 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 394.00 1585.19 NO 1900. 30.81 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 409.13 1775.00 NO 2000. 29.71 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 424.28 1976.54 NO 2100. 28.68 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 439.46 2189.85 NO 2200. 27.73 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 454.64 2414.97 NO 2300. 26.83 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 469.82 2651.93 NO 2400. 25.99 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 484.99 2900.79 NO 2500. 25.20 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 500.15 3161.60 NO 2600. 24.46 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 515.30 3434.40 NO 2700. 23.76 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 530.42 3719.23 NO 2800. 23.48 2 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 403.54 359.16 NO 2900. 23.67 2 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 415.12 371.68 NO 3000. 23.76 2 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 426.69 384.30 NO 3500. 23.06 2 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 484.15 448.61 NO 4000. 21.43 2 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 540.98 514.58 NO 4500. 19.66 2 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 597.18 581.88 NO 5000. 18.23 2 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 666.59 664.15 NO 5500. 17.23 2 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 720.51 732.16 NO 6000. 17.24 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 532.07 334.41 NO 6500. 17.26 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 569.84 357.02 NO 7000. 17.04 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 607.37 379.63 NO 7500. 16.65 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 644.67 402.24 NO 8000. 16.16 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 681.73 424.83 NO 8500. 15.61 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 718.58 447.38 NO 9000. 15.04 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 755.21 469.91 NO 9500. 14.47 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 791.63 492.39 NO 10000. 13.92 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 827.85 514.83 NO
MAXIMUM 1-HR CONCENTRATION AT OR BEYOND 1. M: 995. 47.06 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 240.53 465.96 NO
DWASH= MEANS NO CALC MADE (CONC = 0.0) DWASH=NO MEANS NO BUILDING DOWNWASH USED DWASH=HS MEANS HUBER-SNYDER DOWNWASH USED DWASH=SS MEANS SCHULMAN-SCIRE DOWNWASH USED DWASH=NA MEANS DOWNWASH NOT APPLICABLE, X<3*LB ******************************************** * SUMMARY OF TERRAIN HEIGHTS ENTERED FOR * * SIMPLE ELEVATED TERRAIN PROCEDURE * ******************************************** TERRAIN DISTANCE RANGE (M) HT (M) MINIMUM MAXIMUM ------0. 1. 10000.
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Annexure 5.8 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
*************************************** *** SUMMARY OF SCREEN MODEL RESULTS *** ***************************************
CALCULATION MAX CONC DIST TO TERRAIN PROCEDURE (UG/M**3) MAX (M) HT (M) ------SIMPLE TERRAIN 47.06 995. 0.
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Annexure 5.8 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
ANNEXURE – 5.9 *** SCREEN3 MODEL RUN *** *** VERSION DATED 95250 *** Date: 11/05/10 Time: 11:48:46
JDW PL COAL FIRING EMISSION OF S02
SIMPLE TERRAIN INPUTS: SOURCE TYPE = POINT EMISSION RATE (G/S) = 145.000 STACK HEIGHT (M) = 100.0000 STK INSIDE DIAM (M) = 4.0000 STK EXIT VELOCITY (M/S)= 11.7456 STK GAS EXIT TEMP (K) = 433.0000 AMBIENT AIR TEMP (K) = 303.0000 RECEPTOR HEIGHT (M) = .0000 URBAN/RURAL OPTION = RURAL BUILDING HEIGHT (M) = .0000 MIN HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000 MAX HORIZ BLDG DIM (M) = .0000
STACK EXIT VELOCITY WAS CALCULATED FROM VOLUME FLOW RATE = 147.60000 (M**3/S)
BUOY. FLUX = 138.322 M**4/S**3; MOM. FLUX = 386.160 M**4/S**2.
*** FULL METEOROLOGY *** ********************************** *** SCREEN AUTOMATED DISTANCES *** **********************************
*** TERRAIN HEIGHT OF 0. M ABOVE STACK BASE USED FOR FOLLOWING DISTANCES ***
DIST CONC U10M USTK MIX HT PLUME SIGMA SIGMA (M) (UG/M**3) STAB (M/S) (M/S) (M) HT (M) Y (M) Z (M) DWASH ------1. .0000 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 4.72 4.71 NO 100. .0000 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 51.00 45.54 NO 200. .3123E-04 5 1.0 2.2 10000.0 218.82 35.89 34.52 NO 300. .6281E-03 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 311.46 77.80 56.16 NO 400. .8309 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 311.46 99.61 79.94 NO 500. 21.34 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 311.46 120.68 112.86 NO 600. 88.92 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 311.46 141.18 161.16 NO 700. 135.4 1 3.0 3.5 960.0 311.46 161.23 219.78 NO 800. 190.8 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 206.74 305.71 NO 900. 238.1 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 225.32 382.71 NO 1000. 249.9 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 241.16 469.66 NO 1100. 242.2 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 257.15 568.29 NO 1200. 229.2 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 273.23 678.43 NO
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Annexure 5.9 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
1300. 216.5 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 289.37 800.01 NO 1400. 205.0 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 305.54 933.00 NO 1500. 194.7 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 321.71 1077.40 NO 1600. 185.4 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 337.87 1233.24 NO 1700. 177.0 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 354.00 1400.56 NO 1800. 169.9 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 394.00 1585.19 NO 1900. 163.6 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 409.13 1775.00 NO 2000. 157.8 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 424.28 1976.54 NO 2100. 152.4 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 439.46 2189.85 NO 2200. 147.3 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 454.64 2414.97 NO 2300. 142.5 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 469.82 2651.93 NO 2400. 138.0 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 484.99 2900.79 NO 2500. 133.9 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 500.15 3161.60 NO 2600. 129.9 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 515.30 3434.40 NO 2700. 126.2 1 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 530.42 3719.23 NO 2800. 124.7 2 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 403.54 359.16 NO 2900. 125.7 2 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 415.12 371.68 NO 3000. 126.2 2 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 426.69 384.30 NO 3500. 122.5 2 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 484.15 448.61 NO 4000. 113.8 2 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 540.98 514.58 NO 4500. 104.4 2 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 597.18 581.88 NO 5000. 96.85 2 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 666.59 664.15 NO 5500. 91.53 2 1.0 1.2 735.4 734.39 720.51 732.16 NO 6000. 91.59 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 532.07 334.41 NO 6500. 91.68 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 569.84 357.02 NO 7000. 90.49 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 607.37 379.63 NO 7500. 88.42 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 644.67 402.24 NO 8000. 85.81 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 681.73 424.83 NO 8500. 82.91 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 718.58 447.38 NO 9000. 79.89 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 755.21 469.91 NO 9500. 76.86 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 791.63 492.39 NO 10000. 73.92 3 1.5 1.9 495.7 494.70 827.85 514.83 NO
MAXIMUM 1-HR CONCENTRATION AT OR BEYOND 1. M: 995. 250.0 1 1.5 1.8 523.9 522.93 240.53 465.96 NO
DWASH= MEANS NO CALC MADE (CONC = 0.0) DWASH=NO MEANS NO BUILDING DOWNWASH USED DWASH=HS MEANS HUBER-SNYDER DOWNWASH USED DWASH=SS MEANS SCHULMAN-SCIRE DOWNWASH USED DWASH=NA MEANS DOWNWASH NOT APPLICABLE, X<3*LB ******************************************** * SUMMARY OF TERRAIN HEIGHTS ENTERED FOR * * SIMPLE ELEVATED TERRAIN PROCEDURE * ******************************************** TERRAIN DISTANCE RANGE (M) HT (M) MINIMUM MAXIMUM ------0. 1. 10000.
***************************************
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Annexure 5.9 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
*** SUMMARY OF SCREEN MODEL RESULTS *** ***************************************
CALCULATION MAX CONC DIST TO TERRAIN PROCEDURE (UG/M**3) MAX (M) HT (M) ------SIMPLE TERRAIN 250.0 995. 0.
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Annexure 5.9 EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Annexure – 7.1
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Annexure – 7.2
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Annexure – 7.3
[Showing Punjab Government Formats]
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Annexure 7.3, Punjab Govt. Formats Page – A-7.3 - 13 Annexure 7.4 Social Responsibility Programs
The unique socio-economic programs created by JDW Sugar Mills to raise the income and standard of living of local communities gained strength in 2010. Programs that were originally initiated as pilot projects now play a key role in sustaining economic development of the immediate agricultural region. The programs utilize strong social and cultural bonds to harness the true potential of communities living in the rural areas.
JDW Sugar Mill’s social responsibility programs take a holistic approach to socio-economic problems and therefore deal with a much wider range of issues and communal groups than traditional single-focus programs.
Programs
1. Sugarcane Productivity Enhancement Project (SPEP)
This program is a truly multi-stakeholder project as it involves partnership between farming communities, the private sector (JDW Sugar Mills Ltd.) and a non-profit organization (National Rural Support Programme).
SPEP has been designed to enhance small farm (<20 acres) profitability through agriculture & livestock extension services and provision of credit without collateral. The community organizations (COs) receive SPEP support from a professional team consisting of a social organizer, an agricultural extension officer, and a veterinary officer.
With continued support from JDW Sugar Mills, NRSP expanded its operation in 44 union councils. The number of active COs grew in 2010 to 1,387 with a membership of 15,257 farmers.
The main features of the SPEP include:
• Social mobilization and organization of the rural poor into Community Organizations (COs)
• Provision of agricultural extension services; agricultural graduates employed by JDW Sugar Mills provide services through direct advice in CO meetings, published literature and farm visits.
• Credit facility from JDW Sugar Mills and NRSP for purchase of seed and other agricultural inputs on guarantee of the CO
• Small farmers have access to farm machinery provided by JDW Sugar Mills on credit at subsidized rates
NRSP has distributed Rs. 154.635 million to raise the productivity & income of the farming communities.
2. Livestock Development Program (LDP)
SPEP management realizes that any effort in livestock productivity enhancement would directly benefit the poor in generating sustainable incomes. Under this program, DVMs and Veterinary Assistants provide services such as vaccinations, treatment of sick animals, advice on animal fattening, advice on enhancement of milk production and artificial insemination for breed improvement.
The approach used in this project has been replicated in the “Prime Minister’s Special Initiative for Livestock” by the federal departments for national implementation under various RSPs. At present seven Veterinary Clinics under this project are working in the Rahim Yar Khan region.
3. Women’s Development Program (WDP)
The Women’s Development Program was initiated in the rural areas of SPEP to develop small business skills. Women in these rural areas can now benefit from the various programs run by NRSP. The project, which has so far organized 678 COs and encouraged membership of 5,648 women, has enabled women to access credit (Rs 140.13 million) and small business training facilities. Through these programs, women have been able to provide significantly improved income support to their households.
4. Support to Vocational Training Institutes
JDW Sugar Mills has provided Rs 6.25 million for the establishment of vocational training Institutes in Jamal Din Wali, Roshan Bhait and Rajan Pur Kalan.
Moreover, an exemplary initiative was taken by JDW Sugar Mills to arrange a special Dress Making Course in Japan (12 Days) for two shining students Asia and Saima. All the expenses have been funded by JDW Sugar Mills.
Table 1 : Vocational Training Institute progress 2009-2010 Jamal Din Wali – VTI Admitted Students Pass out Students Trades Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Computer Operator/Office Assistant 205 46 251 178 42 220 Dress Making 171 171 154 154 Embroidery 177 177 155 155 Repair & Maintenance of Electrical 176 176 145 145 Tractor Mechanic 168 168 124 124 Total 422 321 943 336 269 798 Rajan Pur Kalan – VTI Computer Operator/Office Assistant 180 38 218 140 36 176 Dress Making 173 173 127 127 Embroidery 164 164 125 125 Repair & Maintenance of Electrical 174 174 121 121 Total 246 275 729 218 240 549
These institutes are currently providing training in trades that include dress making, embroidery, repair and maintenance of electrical home appliances, tractor maintenance and computer operation. The graduates now have an opportunity to generate income through self-employment in the market.
5. Education
1. Quality Education for All (QEFA) in Rasool Pur Union Council
In 2002-03, the District Government of Rahim Yar Khan took a bold initiative in the education sector and handed over the management of all the primary schools of Rasool Pur Union Council to NRSP. JDW Sugar Mills fully supported this initiative and provided operational, financial and logistic support to the project. The local community was mobilized & fully involved in the management of schools. The following additional tasks were given to the community:
• Raising funds for provision of missing facilities • Reducing the drop-out rate and increasing enrollment • Reducing teacher’s absenteeism.
The project has been a resounding success, resulting in efficient management of schools, increase in the student enrolment, reduction in the drop-out ratio, provision of basic facilities, and involvement of local communities in monitoring the performance of school administration. Since this initiative commenced, a total of Rs 51.517 million has been provided by JDW Sugar Mills for the upgrade of schools. The officers of the World Bank and Government of the Punjab visited these schools and appreciated the “New School Management Approach” adopted in Rasool Pur Union Council. The Punjab Education Sector Reforms Project (PESRP) launched in 2005-06 has been modeled on the lessons learnt from this project.
Since inception, the JDW funded education programme has expanded from 37 boys and girls schools to 193 schools. With strong collaboration with the NRSP, the program is aimed at addressing the quality of education in rural areas of district Rahim Yar Khan. These schools are now completely functional after being upgraded with funding support of Rs 40 million from JDW Sugar Mills. The upgrades included employment of 746 teachers, new classrooms, boundary walls, furniture for students and teachers, toilets, sheds, water supplies, electricity & electrification, IT labs, supports material, walking bridge and whitewash. Table 2: The JDW Sugar Mills sponsored Quality Education Program Progress till 2009-2010.
Programmes Boys Girls Total Rasool Pur No. of Schools 26 24 50 Enrollment 4,056 2,802 6,858 No. of Teachers 79 85 164 Kot Karam Khan No. of Schools 14 5 19 Enrollment 1,682 712 2,394 No. of Teachers 29 12 41 Non Formal (NEF) No. of Schools 7 3 10 Enrollment 261 324 585 No. of Teachers 7 5 12 JKT No. of Schools 10 8 18 Enrollment 2,127 1,104 3,231 No. of Teachers 39 29 68
Ghotki No. of Schools 11 0 11 Enrollment 1331 706 2037 No. of Teachers 45 2 47 Lodhran No. of Schools 36 49 85 Enrollment 6,664 4,639 11,303 No. of Teachers 265 156 414 Grand Total No. of Schools 104 89 193 Enrollment 16,121 10,287 26,408 No. of Teachers 464 289 746
JDW Sugar Mills is using its valuable link with the district education department to make another contribution in educational institutes by raising the graduation level of rural community elementary and higher schools. A total of 80 schools have been upgraded to date. The company transferred 16 acres of land valued at Rs 46 million to the provincial Government for the establishment of Degree Colleges apart from spending Rs. 5 million to establish a Community Model Primary School.
6. Helping Students for Education Continuity With a strong focus on promoting education, JDW Sugar Mills has also resolved to provide financial support to students who want to continue their studies after passing their intermediate qualification. Currently 15 boys and one girl of Jamal Din Wali city have benefited from support of Rs. 3.14 million in continuing their education in graduate and post graduate classes.
8. Healthcare and creating a healthy environment Playgrounds In order to create a healthy environment in the heavily populated rural area of Basti Shah Pur Union Council in Jamal Din Wali, JDW Sugar Mills has converted agricultural land valued at Rs 39.23 million into playgrounds for boys and girls. Water Filtration Plants JDW Sugar Mills has established two water filtration plants in the brackish water zones of Lakar Wali and Awami Colony in Sadiqabad. Both plants are operated and maintained by JDW staff. Periodical water tests are also arranged to maintain the quality of water. The yearly expenditure is Rs 200,000. Lodhran Pilot Project (LPP) In order to provide a healthy environment, JDW Sugar Mills has provided Rs 4.1 million to the LPP to rehabilitate the sewerage system of Rajan Pur Kalan and Kot Karam Khan. Public involvement is encouraged to ensure the system is maintained on a daily basis. Biogas Plants Currently the world is experiencing a growing fuel crisis with developing countries most severely affected. Understanding the need to develop a cheap, renewable and sustainable energy source, NRSP with financial support from JDW Sugar Mills, has introduced an innovative technology to produce biogas fuel for households. The biogas system is likely to replace the currently unaffordable kerosene oil and cylinder gas option as cooking fuel in the poor rural households. It is also expected that the ‘eco-friendly’ biogas system will, in time, replace the traditional fire-wood fuel systems that are damaging to people’s health and the environment.
Biogas Plant Cost Biogas Plants Community Share JDW Sugar Mills Share 100 820,000 3,700,000
9. Free Eye Camps
NRSP and JDW Sugar Mills organized eleven free eye camps. JDW Sugar Mills enthusiastically participated in this program by providing both financial and logistical support. These successful eye camps, which focus on providing integrated eye care, have become an ongoing initiative for the poor rural community. Cataract surgery was initially conducted in Al-Shifa Eye Trust, Sukkur, however, over time the surgery was facilitated in local premises. Consequently, in the last four camps, cataract surgeries were successfully operated at JDW Sugar Mills and it is expected that this practice will continue in the future. Features of the Eye Camp Program: Separate arrangements for men and women Free Registration Free OPD Free optical check-up Free medicines Free cataract surgeries Free transportation Free accommodation
10. Free Limbs Camp In November 2009 NRSP collaborated with the “Naya Qadam Trust” and organized a free prosthetic (artificial limbs) camp for disabled members of the community. The fourteen day camp, which was organized at JDW Sugar Mills, ensured that a total of 219 disabled people were provided 225 prosthetic limbs. People of all ages benefited from the limbs camp. The beneficiaries came not only from RYK district but also from Bahawalpur, Lodhran, Rajanpur, Sukkur, Jackababad, Larkana and Dehraki.
Flood Relief Activities: The 2010 Flood caused severe damage in district Rahim Yar Khan. Mr. Jahangir Khan Tareen (Managing Director-JDW Sugar Mills) deposited Rs. 10 million in NRSP’s flood relief fund. This donation immediately activated not only food and shelter assistance for the flood affected families but also assisted in the rehabilitation of 16 schools and 23 mosques. Table 1 shows the various type of assistance provided to IDPs in terms of food and shelter. Table 2 highlight how funds were utilized in various assistance programs.
Donor Type of Assistance Quantity/ Families Number Assisted
Food Package (Flour, Sugar, Pulses, 7,500 7,500 Cooking Oil)
Tents 8,550 8,550
Shelter Box 250 250 Clothes Unstitched 145 145 Aquatabs 448,000 16,716 Flood Relief Fund Water Carries 700 700 RYK (NRSP & JKT) Medical Camps 8 1,399 Livestock Camps 19 1,637
Camp Schools (375 Students enrolled) 4 550
Disposable Toilets 4 100
Canned food, clothes and Crockery etc. 410 410
Mineral Water 250 250
Hand Pumps 37 3,700
Description Amount
Funds Received 29,272,531
Less:
Purchase of uncooked food 6,828,571
Purchase of shelter tents 19,750,000
Funds released for rehabilitation of schools 1,109,502
Funds released for rehabilitation of mosques 1,176,740
Sub Total 28,864,813
Funds Available 407,718
JDW also engaged its personnel, machinery and other resources to strengthen the flood bund to save surrounding property and cultivated lands. A team of twenty highly-qualified agriculturalists & civil engineers were remained with governmental & non-governmental institutions at the bund. This work was conducted in a high-risk area and about a hundred security personnel were deputed to maintain security and discipline. JDW Group also directly provided cooked food, dry food items, clean water, shelters & other daily usage items to flood affected and displaced people. The details of assistance provided are as follows:
Sr. No. Description Quantity 1 Rice/Dal Degs 1464 2 Nans 44,100 3 Hand Pumps 70 4 Tents 1500 5 Mineral water 12,000 (Bottles) 6 Daily Usage items Package 480 (Packets) 7 Transport facility for Watan Cards 10 Buses Eligible 8 Beds 450 9 Medicine 15 (Packets)
JDW Sugar Mills also requested well-known electronic media anchors to cover the flood and its impact. As a result, many donors joined the relief activities in Rahim Yar Khan.
CNIC Preparation & Distribution The JDW area falls in the backward region of Pakistan. To facilitate people, the Group assisted the NADRA Mobile Unit in the preparation of computerized national ID cards, as per table below.
Sr. Details Nos. No. 1 Computerized ID Cards Prepared 12,432 2 Computerized ID Cards Distributed 7,858
EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Annexure – 8.1
[Showing Public Consultations/Disclosure, the following Performa]
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Annexure 8.1 Page – 8 - 1
EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
MODERATOR GUIDELINE
A Qualitative Research on Social Impact Assessment
WARM UP:
Introduction of the moderator and his company. Round robin introduction, name, age, education, profession, income and cast.
INFORMATION ABOUT THE VILLAGE:
Name Population Distance from the project site
BASIC FACILITIES AVAILABLE IN THE VILLAGE:
Electricity Water (potable) Telephone Sewerage Roads Transport
INFORMATION REGARDING EDUCATION:
Presence of schools/colleges (Boys, Girls, Co-education)
Primary Middle High Private Madrassa Technical Others
INFORMATION REGARDING MEDICAL FACILITIES:
Basic Health Unit (BHU) Dispensary Hospital
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EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Clinic Private Dr. Quak Others
INFORMATION REGARDING RECREATIONAL FACILITIES:
Park Cinema Playground Mela Games Bethak
SOURCE OF INCOME:
Agriculture Fishery Skilled labor Unskilled labor Service Shops Business Others
CAUSES OF MIGRATION:
Employment Business Govt. service Education Marriage Abroad Others
MAJOR CONFLICTS:
Political Religious
TYPES OF COMMUNITIES:
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EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Conservative Liberal Nuclear Joint
MAJOR CASTES:
AVERAGE SIZE OF LAND HOLDINGS:
PRESENCE OF ANY NGO IN THE COMMUNITY:
AWARENESS REGARDING THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT:
PERCEPTION ABOUT THE PLANT/PROJECT:
TYPES OF POSITIVE IMPACTS PERCEIVED:
Employment opportunities Business development Road development Telephone Natural gas Health facilities Educational facilities Recreational facilities Transport Migration Technical training centre Others
TYPES OF NEGATIVE IMPACTS PERCEIVED:
Environmental pollution Fear from people invasion Fear to cultural values Employment fear from company management Heavy truck traffic Others
PERCEIVED NEGATIVE IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION:
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EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Road blockage Noise Dust Gases Heavy traffic Others
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EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
INTERVIWE SCHEDULE –PART II SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
COMMUNITY AWARENESS AND PERCEPTIONS
Date:______
Name of village:______
Name of respondent:______
Age of respondent:______
Education:______
Profession:______
Marital status:______
Source of income:______
Land holding size:______
Level of awareness regarding construction of the plant:
Yes No
If yes then,
High Medium Low
Perception Regarding Construction of the plant:
Yes No
If yes then,
High
ECTECH - Environment Consultants Annexure 8.1 Page – 8 - 6
EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
Medium Low
Positive Impacts:
Employment opportunities Business development Road development Telephone Natural gas Health facilities Educational facilities Transport Recreational facilities Seized migration Technical training centre Awareness generation
Negative Impacts:
Environmental pollution People invasion Fear to cultural values Heavy traffic Diseases Smell Noise Smoke Others
Negative Impacts During Construction:
Road blockage Noise Dust Heavy traffic Smoke emission Others
Interview for Government Authorities:
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EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
INTERVIWE SCHEDULE –PART I SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
BASELINE CONDITIONS OF THE AREA
DATE:______
VILLAGE NAME:______
DISTANCE FROM PLANT:______
VILLAGE POPULATION:______
VILLAGE MAJOR CASTES:______
BASIC FACILITIES IN THE VILLAGE
ELECTRICITY WATER TELEPHONE SUI GAS SEVERAGE SYSTEM ROAD CONDITIONS TRANSPORT OTHER
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN THE VILLAGE
PRIMARY MIDDLE HIGH PRIVATE TECHNICAL COLLEGE OTHERS
MEDICAL FACILITIES IN THE VILLAGE
BASIC HEALTH UNIT (BHU) PRIVATE DOCTOR DISPENSARY HOSPITAL CLINIC PRIVATE DR QUACK OTHERS
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN THE VILLAGE
PARK
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EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
CINEMA PLAY GROUND MEAL GAMES BETHAK OTHERS TYPES OF BIRADRIS: ______
POLITICAL GROUPS: ______
RACIAL GROUPS: ______
MARKET FACILITIES IN THE VILLAGE: ______
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN THE VILLAGE
MARINE COSTAL LIFE LABOR SERVICE SHOP BUSINESS OTHERS
MIGRATION TRENDS IN THE VILLAGE: ______
STATUS OF WOMEN
LITERATE ILLITERATE
DECISION MAKING AUTHORITY
MALE FEMALE
ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE VILLAGE
HOUSEKEEPING SERVICE OTHER
TYPES OF FAMILY
JOINT NUCLEAR
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EIA – JDW Power (Pvt.) Ltd., 80 MW Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Project
TYPE OF COMMUNITY
CONSERVATIVE LIBERAL
PRESENCE OF ANY NGO IN THE VILLAGE ______
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