The Selective Oligomerization of Ethylene Using Chromium Diphosphine Catalysts
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SYNTHESIS and PROPERTIES of SOME ARALKYL Hymoperoxides
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SOME ARALKYL HYmOPEROXIDES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By ARLO d / bCGGS, B.S., M.S. The Ohio State University 1954 Approved by: Department of Chemistry ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author wishes to express sincere appreciation to Professor Cecil E. Boord for his advice and counsel during this investigation* Thanks also are due Dr. Kenneth W*. Greenlee for his continual interest and guidance and his cooperation in ex tending the facilities of the American Petroleum Institute Research Project 4-5* The financial support of this work by the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company is gratefully acknowledged* ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION................................ 1 II. LITERATURE S URVEY ............... 2 III. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.................... 10 IV. DISCUS5IŒ ........................... 11 A. Methods of Preparing Hydroperoxides .... 12 1. Preparation of hydroperoxides from alcohols ............. 12 a. a-methylbenzyl hydroperoxide ...... 12 b. benzyl hydroperoxide .......... l6 c. cinnamyl and a-phenylallyl hydroperoxides 17 d. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l-naphthyl hydro peroxide ............ 22 e. a-indanyl hydroperoxide ........ 23 f. 0-, m- and p-methylbenzyl hydroperoxides 24 g. m- and p-methoxybenzyl hydroperoxides. 28 h. 1,1-diphenylmethyl hydroperoxide .... 31 i. 1,2-diphenylethyl hydroperoxide .... 32 j. 1-a-naphthyl- and l-J3-naphthylethyl hydroperoxides ........ 33 k. 1-styrylethyl hydroperoxide 35 1. 4-a-dimethylbenzyl and 4-methoxy-a- methylbenzyl hydroperoxides ...... 36 m. a-ethylbenzyl and a-ethyl-p-methylbenzyl hydroperoxides ....... ........ 36 n. a-n-propylbenzyl and a-isopropylbenzyl hydroperoxides .................... 37 0. a-2,5“trimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide . -
One-Pot Syntheses of Irida-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons† Cite This: Chem
Chemical Science View Article Online EDGE ARTICLE View Journal | View Issue One-pot syntheses of irida-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons† Cite this: Chem. Sci.,2019,10, 10894 a a a b a All publication charges for this article Yu Xuan Hu,‡ Jing Zhang,‡ Xiaoyan Wang, Zhengyu Lu, Fangfang Zhang, have been paid for by the Royal Society Xiaofei Yang,a Zhihua Ma,a Jun Yin, *a Haiping Xia b and Sheng Hua Liu *a of Chemistry Metalla-analogues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have captivated chemists with their fascinating structures and unique electronic properties. To date, metallabenzene, metallanaphthalene and metallaanthracene have been reported. Metalla-analogues with more complicated fused rings have rarely been reported. Herein, we have successfully synthesized a series of new iridafluoranthenes and fused-ring iridafluoranthenes ranging from pentacyclic to heptacyclic metallaaromatic hydrocarbons in Received 6th August 2019 high yields under mild reaction conditions for the first time. Their photophysical and redox properties Accepted 12th October 2019 were also explored using UV-vis spectroscopy and electrochemistry combined with TD-DFT DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03914g calculations. The present work may offer an important guideline for the design and construction of new rsc.li/chemical-science polycyclic metallaaromatic hydrocarbons and metalla-nanographenes. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. Introduction carbeneiridium compound by using an intramolecular C–H activation reaction.6b In 2018, they further developed irida- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as important compo- phenanthrene, iridanaphthalene and iridaanthracene from nents in the eld of organic chemistry, have attracted a signi- their corresponding methoxy(alkenyl)carbeneiridium inter- * cant amount of attention due to their wide range of applications mediates via reactions of [IrCp Cl(NCMe) (PMe3)]PF6 with 8 in organic light-emitting diodes,1 eld-effect transistors2 and diarylpropargyl alcohols. -
Formation of Superhexagonal Chromium Hydride by Exposure of Chromium Thin Film to High Temperature, High Pressure Hydrogen in a Ballistic Compressor
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1991 Formation of Superhexagonal Chromium Hydride by Exposure of Chromium Thin Film to High Temperature, High Pressure Hydrogen in a Ballistic Compressor Yi Pan Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Pan, Yi, "Formation of Superhexagonal Chromium Hydride by Exposure of Chromium Thin Film to High Temperature, High Pressure Hydrogen in a Ballistic Compressor" (1991). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 1243. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.1242 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. FORMATION OF surPERHEXAGONAL CHROMIUM HYDRIDE BY EXPOSURE OF CHIW~[IUM THIN !FILM TO HIGH TEMPERATURE, HIGH PRESSURE: l
Detection of Phenethylamine, Amphetamine, and Tryptamine Imine By-Products from an Acetone Extraction
Detection of Phenethylamine, Amphetamine, and Tryptamine Imine By-Products from an Acetone Extraction Mary A. Yohannan* and Arthur Berrier U.S. Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration Special Testing and Research Laboratory 22624 Dulles Summit Court Dulles, VA 20166 [email: mary.a.yohannan -at- usdoj.gov] ABSTRACT: The formation of imine by-products from phenethylamines, amphetamines, and tryptamines upon an acetone extraction is presented. These imine by-products were characterized using GC/MSD and exhibited preferential cleavage at the α-carbon of the alkyl chain. Further characterization of the imine by-products of phenethylamine and tryptamine was done using IR and NMR. KEYWORDS: phenethylamine, tryptamine, imine, acetone, schiff base, drug chemistry, forensic chemistry In most forensic laboratories, the solvents used to extract at the α-carbon on the alkyl chain. In addition to GC/MS, the drugs are chosen based upon their solubility properties and their imines formed from phenethylamine base and tryptamine base ability to not interact with the drug. In fact, there are very few were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy publications where a solvent used to extract a drug reacts with (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. the drug and forms by-products [1-3]. This laboratory recently discovered that an additional Experimental component was formed when acetone was used to extract a Solvents, Chemicals, and Materials sample containing a known tryptamine. Analysis by gas Acetone was ACS/HPLC grade from Burdick and Jackson chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) of the acetone Laboratories (Muskegon, MI). Phenethylamine base and extract yielded an extra peak in the total ion chromatogram that tryptamine base were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals was approximately half the abundance of the known tryptamine (Milwaukee, WI). -
Gas Phase Ion/Molecule Reactions As Studied by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry
INIS-mf—10165 GAS PHASE ION/MOLECULE REACTIONS AS STUDIED BY FOURIER TRANSFORM ION CYCLOTRON RESONANCE MASS SPECTROMETRY STEEN INGEMANN J0RGENSEN GAS PHASE ION/MOLECULE REACTIONS AS STUDIED BY FOURIER TRANSFORM ION CYCLOTRON RESONANCE MASS SPECTROMETRY ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor in de Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus dr. D.W. Bresters, hoogleraar in de Faculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Aula der Universiteit (tijdelijk in het Wiskundegebouw, Roetersstraat 15) op woensdag 12 juni 1985 te 16.00 uur. door STEEN INGEMANN J0RGENSEN geboren te Kopenhagen 1985 Offsetdrukkerij Kanters B.V., Alblasserdam PROMOTOR: Prof. Dr. N.M.M. Nibbering Part of the work described in this thesis has been accomplished under the auspices of the Netherlands Foundation for Chemical Research (SON) with the financial support from the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (ZWO). STELLINGEN 1. De door White e.a. getrokken conclusie, dat het cycloheptatrieen anion omlegt tot het benzyl anion in de gasfase, is onvoldoende ondersteund door de experimentele gegevens. R.L. White, CL. Wilkins, J.J. Heitkamp, S.W. Staley, J. Am. Chem. Soc, _105, 4868 (1983). 2. De gegeven experimentele methode voor de lithiëring van endo- en exo- -5-norborneen-2,3-dicarboximide is niet in overeenstemming met de ge- postuleerde vorming van een algemeen dianion van deze verbindingen. P.J. Garratt, F. Hollowood, J. Org. Chem., 47, 68 (1982). 3. De door Barton e.a. gegeven verklaring voor de observaties, dat O-alkyl- -S-alkyl-dithiocarbonaten reageren met N^-dimethylhydrazine onder vor- ming van ^-alkyl-thiocarbamaten en ^-alkyl-thiocarbazaten, terwijl al- koxythiocarbonylimidazolen uitsluitend £-alkyl-thiocarbazaten geven, is hoogst twijfelachtig. -
The Synthesis and Characterisation of a New Tröger's Base Content
Sys Rev Pharm 2020;11(7):319-323 A multifaceted review journal in the field of pharmacy The Synthesis and Characterisation of a New Tröger’s Base Content Methoxy Group Sadiq A. Karim1, Mohammed H. Said2, Jinan A. Abd3, Asim A. Balakit4, Ayad F. Alkaim5 1,2,5Chemistry department, College of Science for women, University of Babylon, Iraq. 3Department of Laser physics, College of Science for women, University of Babylon, Iraq. 4Pharmaceutical Chemistry department, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Iraq. Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Five Tröger’s base (TB) molecules were synthesized by reaction aniline’s Keywords: Tröger base, heterocyclic compounds, chirality derivatives which content a methoxy group with a supplement of methylene (dimethoxymethane (DMM)) in present trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as a solvent Correspondence: and catalyst. This method afforded a good ratio product between 62% to 99%, Sadiq A. Karim1 all products were conforming by FTIR, HRMs, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and XRD. 1,2,5Chemistry department, College of Science for women, University of Babylon, Iraq. Corresponding author: [email protected] INTRODUCTION collected by filtration and was dried in a vacuum oven at The first Tröger’s base was create in 1887 by Julius Tröger 50 °C for 2 h. during his Ph.D. studied, this compound was called Tröger base 1 (TB1) which from the condensation of methanal 1- Synthesis of 2,9-Dimethoxy-6H,12H-5,11- with 4-aminotoluene in HCl-catalysed media.1 The TB1 methanodibenzo[b,f](1,5)diazocine (TB-OCH3-1) (2,8-dimethyl-6H,12H-5,11- General procedure was followed using m-anisidine (9.1 methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine) was conformed ml, 10.00 g, 81.20 mmol), DMM (10.8 ml, 9.269 g, 121.80 structure through chemical reaction by M. -
On the Road to Carbene and Carbyne Complexes
ON THE ROAD TO CARBENE AND CARBYNE COMPLEXES Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1973 by ERNST OTTO FISCHER Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Technical University, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany Translation from the German text INTRODUCTION In the year 1960, I had the honour of giving a talk at this university* about sandwich complexes on which we were working at that time. I think I do not have to repeat the results of those investigations today. I would like to talk instead about a field of research in which we have been intensely interested in recent years: namely, the field of carbene complexes and, more recently, carbyne complexes. If we substitute one of the hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon of the alkane type - for example, ethane - by a metal atom, which can of course bind many more ligands, we arrive at an organometallic compound in which the organic radical is bound to the metal atom by a σ-bond (Fig. la). The earliest compounds of this kind were prepared more than a hundred years ago; the first was cacodyl, prepared by R. Bunsen (1), and then zinc dialkyls were prepared by E. Frankland (2). Later V. Grignard was able to synthesise alkyl magnesium halides by treating magnesium with alkyl halides (3). Grignard was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912 for this effort. We may further recall the organo-aluminium compounds (4) of K. Ziegler which form the basis for the low pressure polymerisation, for example of ethylene. Ziegler and G. Natta were together honoured with the Nobel Prize in 1963 for their work on organometallic compounds. -
A Dimeric Hydride-Bridged Complex with Geometrically Distinct Iron Centers Giving Rise to an S = 3 Ground State Anne K
Article Cite This: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 11970−11975 pubs.acs.org/JACS A Dimeric Hydride-Bridged Complex with Geometrically Distinct Iron Centers Giving Rise to an S = 3 Ground State Anne K. Hickey,† Samuel M. Greer,|,§ Juan A. Valdez-Moreira,† Sean A. Lutz,† Maren Pink,† Jordan A. DeGayner,‡ T. David Harris,‡ Stephen Hill,|,∧ Joshua Telser,∥ and Jeremy M. Smith*,† † Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States | National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States § ∧ Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States ‡ Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States ∥ Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States *S Supporting Information :44:57 (UTC). ABSTRACT: Structural and spectroscopic characterization of the dimeric iron t hydride complex [Ph2B( BuIm)2FeH]2 reveals an unusual structure in which a tetrahedral iron(II) site (S = 2) is connected to a square planar iron(II) site (S =1) by two bridging hydride ligands. Magnetic susceptibility reveals strong ferromagnetic coupling between iron centers, with a coupling constant of J = −1 o legitimately share published articles. +110(12) cm , to give an S = 3 ground state. High-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) spectroscopy confirms this model. A qualitative molecular orbital analysis of the electronic structure, as supported by electronic structure calculations, reveals that the observed spin configuration results from the orthogonal alignment of two geometrically distinct four-coordinate iron fragments held together by highly covalent hydride ligands. -
( 12 ) United States Patent
US010450388B2 (12 ) United States Patent (10 ) Patent No. : US 10 ,450 , 388 B2 Duchateau et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: Oct . 22, 2019 6 , 028 , 151 A 2 / 2000 Wasserman et al . ( 54 ) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A 6 , 248 ,837 B1 6 /2001 Chung et al. BRANCHED POLYOLEFIN 6 , 258 , 902 B1 7 /2001 Campbell, Jr . et al. 2008 /0311812 A1 * 12/ 2008 Arriola CO8F 10 / 00 (71 ) Applicant: SABIC GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES 442 /327 B . V . , Bergen op Zoom (NL ) 2009 /0048399 AL 2 /2009 Reijntjens et al . 2014 / 0039138 A1 2 /2014 Giesbrecht et al. 2014 / 0039139 A1 2 / 2014 Giesbrecht et al . (72 ) Inventors: Robbert R . Duchateau , Eindhoven 2014 /0039140 A1 2 /2014 Giesbrecht et al. (NL ) ; Miloud Bouyahyi , Eindhoven 2014 /0055250 A12 /2014 Speegle et al . (NL ) ; Lidia Jasinska - Walc , Eindhoven 2014 /0350200 A1 11 /2014 Baintas - Geurts et al . (NL ) ; Martin Alexander Zuideveld , Kelmis (BE ) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73 ) Assignee : SABIC GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES EP 1092730 A14 / 2001 EP 1283222 A1 2 / 2003 B . V . , Bergen op Zoom (NL ) EP 1605000 AL 12 / 2005 WO 9319104 AL 9 / 1993 ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this WO 9613529 A15 / 1996 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 WO 9632427 Al 10 / 1996 U . S . C . 154 (b ) by 0 days . WO 9742232 A1 11/ 1997 WO 9742236 AL 11 / 1997 (21 ) Appl. No. : 15 /537 , 926 WO 0043426 Al 7 / 2000 WO 0123441 A1 4 / 2001 WO 03014046 A1 2 / 2003 (22 ) PCT Filed : Dec . 23 , 2015 Wo 2004081064 AL 9 / 2004 wo 2007134851 AL 11 / 2007 ( 86 ) PCT No . -
Structural Characterization of Lignin Extracted With
CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LIGNIN EXTRACTED WITH ALKALINE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE FROM FURFURAL RESIDUE CHANG-ZHOU CHEN,* MING-FEI LI,* YU-YING WU* and RUN-CANG SUN *,** *Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China ** State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China ✉Corresponding author: Run-Cang Sun, [email protected] Received August 6, 2013 Lignin from furfural residue was extracted with alkaline hydrogen peroxide at different temperatures and times. The structural features of lignins were characterized by elemental analysis, GPC, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13 C NMR and Py-GC/MS. Results showed that the yield of lignin increased with the increase of reaction time and temperature. The maximum lignin yield of 41.4% (corresponding to the original lignin) was achieved by extraction at 80 ºC for 3 h. The average-molecular weight ( Mw) of the extracted lignins (780-850) was about 1/4 of that of the MWL (milled wood lignin) of furfural residue (2890), which indicated a severe degradation of furfural residue lignin under the treatment. Py-GC/MS analysis indicated that the major unit in lignins was p-hydroxycinnamyl (H), together with lower amounts of syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) units. The relative molar content of the H unit in the extracted lignins increased, as compared to MWL. Keywords : furfural residue, lignin, alkaline hydrogen peroxide, Py-GC/MS INTRODUCTION Furfural residue (FR) is a byproduct rich in are about 300 billion tons of lignin on the earth lignin and cellulose in the production of furfural. -
Chapter 16 the Chemistry of Benzene and Its Derivatives
Instructor Supplemental Solutions to Problems © 2010 Roberts and Company Publishers Chapter 16 The Chemistry of Benzene and Its Derivatives Solutions to In-Text Problems 16.1 (b) o-Diethylbenzene or 1,2-diethylbenzene (d) 2,4-Dichlorophenol (f) Benzylbenzene or (phenylmethyl)benzene (also commonly called diphenylmethane) 16.2 (b) (d) (f) (h) 16.3 Add about 25 °C per carbon relative to toluene (110.6 C; see text p. 743): (b) propylbenzene: 161 °C (actual: 159 °C) 16.4 The aromatic compound has NMR absorptions with greater chemical shift in each case because of the ring current (Fig. 16.2, text p. 745). (b) The chemical shift of the benzene protons is at considerably greater chemical shift because benzene is aromatic and 1,4-cyclohexadiene is not. 16.6 (b) Among other features, the NMR spectrum of 1-bromo-4-ethylbenzene has a typical ethyl quartet and a typical para-substitution pattern for the ring protons, as shown in Fig. 16.3, text p. 747, whereas the spectrum of (2- bromoethyl)benzene should show a pair of triplets for the methylene protons and a complex pattern for the ring protons. If this isn’t enough to distinguish the two compounds, the integral of the ring protons relative to the integral of the remaining protons is different in the two compounds. 16.7 (b) The IR spectrum indicates the presence of an OH group, and the chemical shift of the broad NMR resonance (d 6.0) suggests that this could be a phenol. The splitting patterns of the d 1.17 and d 2.58 resonances show that the compound also contains an ethyl group, and the splitting pattern of the ring protons shows that the compound is a para-disubstituted benzene derivative. -
Phase Transformations, Crystal and Magnetic Structures of High-Pressure Hydrides of D-Metals V.E
L Journal of Alloys and Compounds 330±332 (2002) 110±116 www.elsevier.com/locate/jallcom Phase transformations, crystal and magnetic structures of high-pressure hydrides of d-metals V.E. Antonov* Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow District, Russia Abstract This paper will brie¯y discuss the high-pressure-hydrogen techniques used at the Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, the T±P diagrams of the studied binary metal±hydrogen systems and the crystal and magnetic structures of high-pressure hydrides formed in those systems. A compilation of the available experimental data and a list of relevant publications are provided for reference purposes. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Metal hydrides; Crystal structure; Magnetic properties 1. Introduction copper when the temperature is raised and forms Cu±Ga alloys of increasing thermal stability as its concentration in Most transition metals form hydrides at suf®ciently high the copper matrix decreases. Te¯on, Cu and Ga are largely pressures of hydrogen. The technique for compressing impermeable to hydrogen. The dead space in the copper gaseous hydrogen to pressures of up to 9 GPa at tempera- capsule is ®lled with kaolin wool which does not react tures up to 5008C [1], and recently to 10008C [2], with H2 , Cu and d-metals in the T±P range of interest. developed at the Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Due to the hardness of its ®bres, the wool remains porous Academy of Sciences (ISSP RAS), made it possible to even at high pressures, leaving enough room for the synthesise hydrides of all 3d-metals and of all 4d-metals hydrogen gas inside the capsule and ensuring good access except Ru.