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Piscine Orthoreovirus: Distribution, Characterization and Experimental Infections in Salmonids

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Piscine Orthoreovirus: Distribution, Characterization and Experimental Infections in Salmonids Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 04, 2021 Piscine orthoreovirus: Distribution, characterization and experimental infections in salmonids Vendramin, Niccolò Publication date: 2019 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Vendramin, N. (2019). Piscine orthoreovirus: Distribution, characterization and experimental infections in salmonids. Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. DTU Aqua National Institute of Aquatic Resources Piscine orthoreovirus Distribution, characterization and experimental infections in salmonids By Niccolò Vendramin PhD Thesis Piscine orthoreovirus. Distribution, characterization and experimental infections in salmonids Philosophiae Doctor (PhD) Thesis Niccolò Vendramin Unit for Fish and Shellfish diseases National Institute for Aquatic Resources DTU-Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby 2018 2 Niccoló Vendramin‐Ph.D. Thesis Piscine orthoreovirus. Distribution, characterization and experimental infections in salmonids You can't always get what you want But if you try sometime you might find You get what you need 1969 The Rolling Stones Niccoló Vendramin‐Ph.D. Thesis 3 Piscine orthoreovirus. Distribution, characterization and experimental infections in salmonids 4 Niccoló Vendramin‐Ph.D. Thesis Piscine orthoreovirus. Distribution, characterization and experimental infections in salmonids Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................... 7 List of abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... 9 List of papers ................................................................................................................................................... 11 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................... 13 SAMMENDRAG (Summary in Danish) ......................................................................................................... 14 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 15 Aquaculture production in Europe and Denmark ........................................................................................ 15 Infectious diseases in aquaculture ............................................................................................................... 16 Infectious diseases affecting Rainbow trout production in Denmark .......................................................... 17 Emerging diseases in aquaculture................................................................................................................ 19 Orthoreoviruses ........................................................................................................................................... 21 Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) ....................................................................................................................... 25 PRV epidemiology ...................................................................................................................................... 29 PRV transmission routes ............................................................................................................................. 33 PRV replication ........................................................................................................................................... 35 Pathogenesis of PRV infection .................................................................................................................... 37 HSMI ....................................................................................................................................................... 38 EIBS ........................................................................................................................................................ 41 PRV-3 disease ......................................................................................................................................... 41 Other PRV associated diseases/conditions. ............................................................................................. 43 Diagnostic tools for PRV-mediated diseases ............................................................................................... 43 PRV and immune response ......................................................................................................................... 45 Innate immunity ....................................................................................................................................... 45 Adaptive immunity .................................................................................................................................. 47 Duration of viral infectivity outside the host ............................................................................................... 48 AIMS OF THE STUDY .................................................................................................................................. 49 Subgoals ...................................................................................................................................................... 49 SUMMARY OF PAPERS ............................................................................................................................... 51 Paper 1 ......................................................................................................................................................... 51 Paper 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 51 Paper 3 ......................................................................................................................................................... 52 Paper 4 ......................................................................................................................................................... 52 Paper 5 ......................................................................................................................................................... 53 Niccoló Vendramin‐Ph.D. Thesis 5 Piscine orthoreovirus. Distribution, characterization and experimental infections in salmonids METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................... 55 Experimental in vivo challenge ................................................................................................................... 55 Consideration of 3R’s .................................................................................................................................. 57 Next-generation sequencing NGS ............................................................................................................... 58 RESULTS AND GENERAL DISCUSSION .................................................................................................. 59 PRV-3 is a new PRV-subtype ..................................................................................................................... 60 The different PRV subtypes prefer different host species. .......................................................................... 61 Surveillance and diagnostic procedures for PRV-3 ..................................................................................... 64 PRV-3 infection is acute in Rainbow trout and causes heart pathology ...................................................... 65 PRV infection induces IFN pathway ........................................................................................................... 67 PRV-3 cause emerging disease for Rainbow trout ...................................................................................... 70 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 73 FUTURE PERSPECTIVES ............................................................................................................................ 75 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 77 6 Niccoló Vendramin‐Ph.D. Thesis Piscine orthoreovirus. Distribution, characterization and experimental infections in salmonids
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