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Zen Garden Case Study “CONTEMPORARY LANDSCAPE APPROACH FOR A BUDDHISM TEMPLE.” BY NHI NGUYEN NARATIVE Buddhism is a faith that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama who is known as the Buddha more than 2,500 years ago. This is a major religion in East and Southeast Asia, but its influence is growing in the west. For the Buddhism follower, they don’t acknowledge a supreme God or Deity. They focus on achieving enlightenment - a state of inner peace and wisdom. The followers reach this spiritual echelon. Also, the Buddhists often meditate because they believe it helps awaken the truth. Zen is defined as a school of Mahayana Buddhism and is what lies at the core of Japanese culture. Zen meditation is a way of attentiveness and self-discovery which custom gives the experience of living from a second to a minute in the present. This is the way that Siddharta Gautama was enlightened and became the Buddha. Zen Buddhism is a concept or an idea. Zen gardens played a dominant role in their technique of contemplation and understanding . Zen garden (karesansui) is a Japanese rock garden which creates the landscape a miniature stylized landscape through carefully composed or arrangement of rocks, water feature, moss, prune trees and shrubs, sand, and gravel. They reflect on how essential the natural world is. The garden is an excellent idea for contemplatives to reflect on life and nature. Today, Zen garden is an urbanized world. They are presented in homes, libraries, offices, and schools around the world. CONTEMPORARY LANDSCAPE APPROACHED RESEARCH Name Desinger Size/Location Material Narrative Honshū Four Gods Protecting Mirei Shigemori The stone: 4-2-5-7 Inspired by an iwakura cliff rock formation on the Four Heaven ( arrangement instead the west side of the temple, he designed a Sekizo-ji / of the usual 3-5-7 garden for the gods. Sekizou-ji Shishin composition. There are four gods that protect the four Souou no Niwa ) The sand is raked so heavenly directions. The garden is broken that the turbulence of into four offset quadrants (to eliminate a The Four animals garden with the water indicates sense of symmetry) corresponding to 4 the temple main building the direction of the Chinese gods of directions: Red Phoenix flow. (South-fire), Blue Dragon (East-wood), The bamboo fence White Tiger (West-metal), Black Tortoise as a way to mark the (North-water) [note that these are the same site by placeing the symbols used in Feng Shui. ed.] The sand in characters for four each quadrant shifts color: black, pale blue, gods written in white and reddish sand (from Kurama). bamboo. The fence The garden brings back the ancient Gods pf along the southeast Japanese nature. side of garden with a The iwaka from the temple’s Chinese charaters name derives. located in uphill denoting four Gods behind the temple building. The reflection of the 5659 Fukushima, The dry landscape garden feature the a sea of clouds Kozen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple Sky: Kozen-ji. Mirei Shigemori Kiso-machi, Kiso-gun, constrasted by 5-3-7 stone arrangement insread of located in Kiso, Nagano Prefecture. It was Nagano-ken trees and grass. The sand (brown) represent the water the family temple of the Kiso and Yamamura with a white is the mirror of the clouds in the water clans that governed this region. Family Kiso Yamanaka plateau surface. The dry landscape garden feature the a sea. temples commonly held the Buddhist in Nagano prefecture. mortuary tablets and graves of successive Kiso Fukushima lies generations of ancestors. along the upper Kiso Kozen-ji also has 4 different gardens. River at an elevation of Directly in front of the main hall is the 1,200 meters above “Kanun-tei” Garden which was created by the sea the famous gardener Mirei Shigemori during the Showa Period (1926-1989). It is Japan’s widest “kanrensui” garden. Remembering the Sasayama city The original of this shrine, the god of the sea Origin at the Shore: a dry landscape garden with rocks, pebbles and mortar from Sumiyoshia Taisha of Suminoe in the Sumiyoshi Jinjia Mirei Shigemori which symbolizes the sea waves because Sumiyoshi Settsu areas, setting down in the shrine is a worship place for sea deities. mountainous village. Shigenori wants to turn Concrete waves forms into a real shrine garden, which he looks at the iwakura and arranges the stone in Horai-style. He draws a direct line from his stone composition back to the ancient role of such rocks in Shinto mythology. He was also adding to it the island's Chinese idea on the immortal by giving it a Horai-style appearance CONTEMPORARY LANDSCAPE APPROACHED RESEARCH Name Desinger Size/Location Material Narrative A dragon Rising: Mirei Shigemori 15-812 Hommachi Colors of sand make up completely different images in Shigemori's approach to renewing the Ryosin-an Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto each of the three gardens. karesansui style is the west garden at the 605-0981 Kyoto The Western garden - "Dragon Chanting Garden"- thre Ryosin-an, a sub-temple in Kyoto tofuku-ji Prefecture large stone in the middle depict a head of a dragon and complex. In 1964, he was a commission for other stone are its coileld body protrucing from cloud. the garden design and created a scene that The Northern garden - “Garden of the Inseparable” depicts a dragon rising from the ocean while depicts a scene that two dog protection young Mukan producing the black cloud. Fumon from wolves. The reddish gravel makes this The dragon's head appears in the garden "Dragon Chanting Garden" garden quite unique. center while the body winds around the The southern garden- the garden is simple expect the spiral shape depicted by stones that mark bamboo fence at the far end. the dragon's back. The design in the courtyard on the other side of the building. “Garden of the Inseparable” The Memory of a Mirei Shigemori 9-1 Kishikicho, Geometric, linear stones punctuated by groups of rocks Hachijin-no-Niwa Garden at Kishiwada Battle: Kishiwada 596-0073 in a field of pebbles. Castle - this very unique karesansui garden Hachijin-no-Niwa Osaka Prefecture Eight groups of rocks represent the "Battle Formation is set in the courtyard of Kishiwada-jo and Garden of the Eight Positions". Each of these eight groupings designed to be viewed from the windows of has a name: heaven, earth, bird/phoenix, dragon, the castle cloud, serpent, tiger or wind The garden was completed in 1953. Based on the layout of a mythological battle conducted by Chinese General Zhuge Liang, the stone setting at the center of the design, named Central Camp, is the garden’s focal point. Sunken Garden Isamu Noguchi One Chase In the summer months, the Noguchi found inspiration for Sunken Manhattan Plaza, garden turns into a fountain, Garden in traditional Japanese gardens, in New York, NY 10005 with water spouting into the air, particular the garden at the Ryoan-ji Temple 28 Liberty Street and flowing across the ground in Kyoto, Noguchi veered from tradition in before disappearing around the many aspects of his design edges of the space. Drawing on other traditions as well, Noguchi natural stones. sites stylized Chinese paintings of ocean The glass window allow the waves as inspiration for the wavy lines people to see the garden from moving across the surface of the ground inside. ZEN GARDEN & STROLL GARDEN CASE STUDY Ryōan-ji Kishiwada Castle National Institute for Kyoto, Japan Osaka, Japan Materials Science, 1993 originally in 1499 (Muromachi) 1953 Shunmyo Masuno c. 1488-1499 (restoration) Masuno identified the grateful heart for this Hosokawa Katsumoto (original) Mirei Shigemori Sitting directly in front of the tower, this garden based on man’s fit encounter with restoration: Soami (attributed). rock garden features three levels of white metal. He views a landscape with a dry The garden consists of a rectangu- sand fashioned into seemingly abstract landscape, a little greeny, and very scare lar plot of pebbles surrounded by shapes with clusters of large bluish rocks. water. The picture was prospectors low earthen walls, with 15 rocks laid The sand represents the original layout of gathering around the source of water to out in small groups on patches of the castle while the rocks are the said to renew themselves and share the story. moss. An interesting feature of the be the 8 battle formations of Koumei The garden appears as a horizontal layer. garden's design is that from any Shokatsu, the Japanese name given to A geometric grid of stone paver cover the vantage point at least one of the Zhuge Liang, the famous general of 3rd ground surface, as the pavers approach a rocks is always hidden from the century China. dry stream bed, the ridged geometry viewer. changes, the size of the paving stones Some believe that the garden rep- The garden is again a karesansui design the rises toward the center in three grows and creates a less formal feeling. resents the common theme of a incremental lists of about 30 centimeters The chunky strips of rock in- terspersed tiger carrying cubs across a pond or each. through the plaza are oriented in of islands in a sea, while others The feature includes eight stones setting predominantly the same direction—the claim that the garden represents an with a camp of the captain taking center picture of a mountain formed by wind and abstract concept like infinity stage. water force long ago. Hotel Le Port Ministry of Foreign Affairs Tokyo, Japan, 1998 Tokyo, Japan, 2005 Shunmyo Masuno Shunmyo Masuno The garden that Masuno design tends to spiri- Masuno felt that the garden should tual space designed according to th Japanese express the Japanese people's traditional spirit and chose the aesthetic principle that evokes and celebrate theme of sanki, which three values for the design.
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