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Social Sustainability of Transit: an Overview of the Literature and Findings from Expert Interviews
Social Sustainability of Transit: An Overview of the Literature and Findings from Expert Interviews Kelly Bennett1 and Manish Shirgaokar2 Planning Program, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 1-26 Earth Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada T6G 2E3 1 Research Assistant/Student: [email protected] 2 Principal Investigator/Assistant Professor: [email protected] Phone: (780) 492-2802 Date of publication: 29th February, 2016 Bennett and Shirgaokar Intentionally left blank Page 2 of 45 Bennett and Shirgaokar TABLE OF CONTENTS Funding Statement and Declaration of Conflicting Interests p. 5 ABSTRACT p. 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY p. 7 1. Introduction p. 12 2. Methodology p. 12 3. Measuring Equity p. 13 3.1 Basic Analysis 3.2 Surveys 3.3 Models 3.4 Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient 3.5 Evaluating Fare Structure 4. Literature Review p. 16 4.1 Age 4.1.1 Seniors’ Travel Behaviors 4.1.2 Universal Design 4.1.3 Fare Structures 4.1.4 Spatial Distribution and Demand Responsive Service 4.2 Race and Ethnicity 4.2.1 Immigrants 4.2.2 Transit Fares 4.2.3 Non-work Accessibility 4.2.4 Bus versus Light Rail 4.3 Income 4.3.1 Fare Structure 4.3.2 Spatial Distribution 4.3.3 Access to Employment 4.3.4 Non-work Accessibility 4.3.5 Bus versus Light Rail 4.4 Ability 4.4.1 Comfort and Safety 4.4.2 Demand Responsive Service 4.4.3 Universal Design 4.5 Gender 4.5.1 Differences Between Men and Women’s Travel Needs 4.5.2 Safety Page 3 of 45 Bennett and Shirgaokar 5. -
Making Transit Functional
MAKING TRANSIT FUNCTIONAL A guide to a frequent, affordable, and accessible system in Winnipeg Prepared by FUNCTIONAL TRANSIT WINNIPEG March 16, 2015 [email protected] www.functionaltransit.com “Transit works best where there are many destinations along something that feels like a straight line.” – Jarrett Walker, Human Transit 1 PREFACE This report was compiled by Functional Transit Winnipeg Functional Transit Winnipeg is a grassroots group of Winnipeggers who volunteer their time to research and advocate for improved public transit. This group came together over the concern that the Southwest Corridor will make public transit worse for Winnipeggers. We advocate for improving bus frequency within Winnipeg Transit’s existing service. This report was compiled in order to explain the deficiencies of the current plan for the Southwest Corridor in Winnipeg, and to lay out an alternative strategy that would have a far more positive impact on public transit for the same price as the current project being undertaken by the City of Winnipeg. Our conclusions are drawn from publicly available data, reports from the City of Winnipeg and transit research. We have made every effort to be factually accurate in our assessment of transit service and investment in Winnipeg. The views expressed in this document are those of the author and contributors only. We welcome response and input from those individuals who may have a different interpretation or access to more information. We can be reached at [email protected]. Lead author: Joseph -
Translink Efficiency Review for Translink Commission
TransLink Efficiency Review for TransLink Commission ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Shirocca Consulting gratefully acknowledges the assistance and cooperation in providing data and information for this report from Coast Mountain Bus Company and TransLink as well as: • BC Transit Victoria • Calgary Transit • Edmonton Transit System • King County Metro (Seattle) • OC Transpo (Ottawa) San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (MUNI) • Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) • Winnipeg Transit Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i 1. INTRODUCTION I Role of the TransLink Commission 1 This Assignment 2 2. TRANSLINK OVERVIEW 3 2010 10-Year Base Plan and Funding Stabilization Plan 3 3. TRANSLINK'S FINANCIAL PLAN AND PERFORMANCE 5 Revenue and Expenditure Growth 6 Revenue Growth 6 Expenditure Growth 6 Budget to Actual Performance 7 Targeted Efficiency Initiatives 8 Cumulative Funded Surplus 8 Capital Projects 9 Variance in Project Cost 9 Cash Flow Variance 10 2012 Budget 11 Economic Assumptions 11 Annual Budget Process 13 Review of 2012 Budget 13 2012 Bus Division Budget 18 Summary of Findings 18 4. TRANSIT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 19 Performance Indicators Used 21 Conventional Transit Services 21 Five-Year Trend 22 System Performance 24 How does TransLink’s Performance Compare to its Peers? 25 Summary of Findings 32 Custom Transit Services 33 Five-Year Trend 33 Custom Transit Performance 36 How Does TransLink’s Performance Compare to its Peers? 37 Summary of Findings 42 5. BUS DIVISION PERFORMANCE 43 Performance Indicators Used 44 Conventional Bus Service 45 Five-Year Trend -
Canadian Version
OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION | AFL-CIO/CLC JULY / AUGUST 2014 A NEW BEGINNING FOR PROGRESSIVE LABOR EDUCATION & ACTIVISM ATU ACQUIRES NATIONAL LABOR COLLEGE CAMPUS HAPPY LABOUR DAY INTERNATIONAL OFFICERS LAWRENCE J. HANLEY International President JAVIER M. PEREZ, JR. NEWSBRIEFS International Executive Vice President OSCAR OWENS TTC targets door safety woes International Secretary-Treasurer Imagine this: your subway train stops at your destination. The doors open – but on the wrong side. In the past year there have been INTERNATIONAL VICE PRESIDENTS 12 incidents of doors opening either off the platform or on the wrong side of the train in Toronto. LARRY R. KINNEAR Ashburn, ON – [email protected] The Toronto Transit Commission has now implemented a new RICHARD M. MURPHY “point and acknowledge” safety procedure to reduce the likelihood Newburyport, MA – [email protected] of human error when opening train doors. The procedure consists BOB M. HYKAWAY of four steps in which a subway operator must: stand up, open Calgary, AB – [email protected] the window as the train comes to a stop, point at a marker on the wall using their index finger and WILLIAM G. McLEAN then open the train doors. If the operator doesn’t see the marker he or she is instructed not to open Reno, NV – [email protected] the doors. JANIS M. BORCHARDT Madison, WI – [email protected] PAUL BOWEN Agreement in Guelph, ON, ends lockout Canton, MI – [email protected] After the City of Guelph, ON, locked out members of Local 1189 KENNETH R. KIRK for three weeks, city buses stopped running, and transit workers Lancaster, TX – [email protected] were out of work and out of a contract while commuters were left GARY RAUEN stranded. -
Miway - Update on Presto Device Refresh
9.3 Date: January 25, 2021 Originator’s files: To: Mayor and Members of Council From: Geoff Wright, P.Eng, MBA, Commissioner of Meeting date: Transportation and Works February 10, 2021 Subject MiWay - Update on Presto Device Refresh Recommendation That the report titled “MiWay - Update on Presto Device Refresh“ dated January 25, 2021 from the Commissioner of Transportation and Works, providing an update on Presto Device Refresh along with capital costs incurred, be received for information. Report Highlights On December 6, 2017, Council approved the new Presto Operating Agreement (valid till 2027). The Director of Transit was authorized to procure directly from Metrolinx, and directly from PRESTO subcontractors, for PRESTO related services, technology, equipment, and infrastructure as defined in the Operating Agreement, subject to budget approval. The Presto Device Refresh Project was initiated (led by Metrolinx/PRESTO in collaboration with MiWay and other GTHA transit partners) in 2017/2018 to replace aging bus and station equipment. New devices have been installed on all MiWay Transit buses and in fixed locations (Bus Terminals, Community Centers) as of December 2020. These devices are built on a modern high performance, high security platform. This new platform provides PRESTO and MiWay with a futureproof solution that will enable new, flexible fare collection options such as time of day pricing, capping, e- Ticketing and open payments. The necessary capital budget required to support this critical business system initiative has been requested through the City’s business planning process. 9.3 General Committee 2021/01/25 2 Background The existing Presto fare collection equipment was developed prior to 2010 and deployed in late 2010 on MiWay buses. -
Cross-Boundary Transit Service Integration Pilot Project
9.8 Date: May 25, 2021 Originator’s files: To: Chair and Members of General Committee From: Geoff Wright, P.Eng, MBA, Commissioner of Meeting date: Transportation and Works June 9, 2021 Subject Cross-Boundary Transit Service Integration Pilot Project Recommendation 1. That the report to General Committee entitled “Cross-Boundary Transit Service Integration Pilot Project” dated May 25, 2021 from the Commissioner of Transportation and Works be received for information. 2. That Phase 1 of the Service Integration Pilot Project recommendations for enhanced cross-boundary travel be received for information. Executive Summary The Ministry of Transportation has convened a Fare and Service Integration (FSI) Provincial-Municipal Table that includes representatives of all transit agencies and aims to improve connections and the customer experience for inter-municipal transit travel. The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) has engaged a consultant team to develop an agency-driven FSI model to present to the Provincial-Municipal Table in partnership with surrounding transit agencies including MiWay. Currently MiWay, along with several other 905 agencies, are prohibited from providing local service within City of Toronto, resulting in TTC providing duplicate service for their residents. In addition, transit fares are not integrated between the TTC and MiWay. In partnership with the TTC, the Burnhamthorpe Road corridor has been selected for a transit service integration pilot project in the near-term (targeting fall 2021). 9.8 General Committee 2021/05/25 2 Background For decades, transit service integration has been discussed and studied in the Greater Toronto Hamilton Area (GTHA). The Ministry of Transportation’s newly convened Fare and Service Integration (FSI) Provincial-Municipal Table consists of senior representatives from transit systems within the Greater Toronto Hamilton Area (GTHA) and the broader GO Transit service area. -
A Tale of 40 Cities: a Preliminary Analysis of Equity Impacts of COVID-19 Service Adjustments Across North America July 2020 Mc
A tale of 40 cities: A preliminary analysis of equity impacts of COVID-19 service adjustments across North America James DeWeese, Leila Hawa, Hanna Demyk, Zane Davey, Anastasia Belikow, and Ahmed El-Geneidy July 2020 McGill University Abstract To cope with COVID-19 confinement measures and precipitous declines in ridership, public transport agencies across North America have made significant adjustments to their services, slashing trip frequency in many areas while increasing it in others. These adjustments, especially service cuts, appear to have disproportionately affected areas where lower income and more- vulnerable groups reside in North American Cities. This paper compares changes in service frequency across 30 U.S. and 10 Canadian cities, linking these changes to average income levels and a vulnerability index. The study highlights the wide range of service outcomes while underscoring the potential for best practices that explicitly account for vertical equity, or social justice, in their impacts when adjusting service levels. Research Question and Data Public transport ridership in North American Cities declined dramatically by the end of March 2020 as governments applied confinement measures in response to COVID-19 pandemic (Hart, 2020; Vijaya, 2020). In an industry that depends heavily on fare-box recovery to pay for operations and sometimes infrastructure loans (Verbich, Badami, & El-Geneidy, 2017), transport agencies faced major financial strains, even as the pandemic magnified their role as a critical public service, ferrying essential, often low-income, workers with limited alternatives to their jobs (Deng, Morissette, & Messacar, 2020). Public transport agencies also faced major operating difficulties due to absenteeism among operators (Hamilton Spectator, 2020) and enhanced cleaning protocols. -
Transit Agency Responses to COVID-19: a Review of Challenges and Opportunities for Continued Service Delivery
Transit Agency Responses to COVID-19: A review of challenges and opportunities for continued service delivery By: Ellen McGowan April 2021 School of Urban and Regional Planning Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Supervisor: Dr. Ajay Agarwal Copyright © Ellen McGowan 2021 Acknowledgements I would first like to acknowledge my supervisor, Dr. Ajay Agarwal, whose expertise was invaluable in formulating the research questions and methodology. Thank you for your support and generosity over the last two years. I would like to thank the Norman D. Wilson Fellowship for funding this research. I would also like to thank my parents and Mark for their endless encouragement. Finally, I could not have completed this report without the support of my friends at SURP. Although our time together was cut short, I’m grateful for all that first year brought us. 2 Executive Summary Background & Context The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has radically impacted public transport ridership and service provision across the country. Since the outbreak of the virus, transit agencies have had to adapt to new and rapidly evolving conditions. Many agencies modified services to reflect lower ridership levels and to ensure the safety of both riders and operators. These changes in service were guided by public health agencies, as well as major transit associations like the Canadian Urban Transit Association (CUTA) and International Association of Public Transport (UITP). Other agencies implemented precautionary measures like rear door boarding, temporary fare suspension, and reduced capacity limits to enable the safe continuity of operations. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, transit agencies are having to strike a balance between providing enough transportation options for essential travel and reducing service offerings to match the declining overall demand for mobility services. -
The Deloitte City Mobility Index Gauging Global Readiness for the Future of Mobility
The Deloitte City Mobility Index Gauging global readiness for the future of mobility By: Simon Dixon, Haris Irshad, Derek M. Pankratz, and Justine Bornstein Where should cities the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and go tomorrow? other digital technologies to develop and inform intelligent decisions about people, places, and prod- ucts. A smart city is a data-driven city, one in which Unfortunately, when it comes to designing and municipal leaders have an increasingly sophisti- implementing a long-term vision for future mobil- cated understanding of conditions in the areas they ity, it is all too easy to ignore, misinterpret, or skew oversee, including the urban transportation system. this data to fit a preexisting narrative.1 We have seen In the past, regulators used questionnaires and sur- this play out in dozens of conversations with trans- veys to map user needs. Today, platform operators portation leaders all over the world. To build that can rely on databases to provide a more accurate vision, leaders need to gather the right data, ask the picture in a much shorter time frame at a lower cost. right questions, and focus on where cities should Now, leaders can leverage a vast array of data from go tomorrow. The Deloitte City Mobility Index Given the essential enabling role transportation theme analyses how deliberate and forward- plays in a city’s sustained economic prosperity,2 we thinking a city’s leaders are regarding its future set out to create a new and better way for city of- mobility needs. ficials to gauge the health of their mobility network 3. -
Accessible Transit Services (ATS) Review (PW05075(A)) (City Wide)
CITY WIDE IMPLICATIONS CITY OF HAMILTON ACCESSIBLE TRANSIT SERVICES (ATS) STEERING COMMITTEE Report to: Mayor and Members Submitted by: Councillor Terry Whitehead Chair Committee of the Whole ATS Steering Committee Date: June 15, 2006 Prepared by: Connie Wheeler Extension 5779 SUBJECT: Accessible Transit Services (ATS) Review - (PW05075a) - (City Wide) RECOMMENDATION: (a) That a Task Force be established to review improvements, look for efficiencies and make recommendations quarterly, to the General Manager of Public Works respecting Accessible Transit Services. (b) That the Accessible Transit Services governance structure attached as Appendix A to Report PW05075(a), be approved for a period of three months upon Council approval, at which time the Accessible Transit Services Steering Committee will reconvene to determine the appropriateness of the new model and/or revise the model based on a report from the Task Force outlining their initial success or further recommendations. (c) That the above results be incorporated into a competitive RFP process which will be compiled in 2007 with the approved vendor(s) beginning work in 2008. (d) That the City program be re-branded which, in turn, would allow both DARTS and Vets the opportunity to individually brand their services. (e) That there are to be no additional costs as a result of any changes made to the program. (f) That any savings be applied to enhancing the service. (g) That a Business Analyst (Trapeze software) be hired, subject to acceptance of this review (currently in Budget, awaiting conclusion of review). (h) That the Director of Transit and the Manager of Transit Fare Administration & ATS be reaffirmed as Public Works staff representatives on the DARTS Board of Directors as non-voting members. -
A Case for Edmonton to Explore Bus Rapid Transit
6. A Case for Edmonton to Explore Bus Rapid 2 Transit Edmonton Transit System Advisory Board Recommendation: That Administration provide a report on the feasibility, implications and details on the potential of adopting bus rapid transit in Edmonton as both an interim method of servicing routes earmarked for future LRT expansion (LRT Network Plan) as well as other high-traffic corridors that are suitable for high-speed, high-frequency transit services. Report Summary The Edmonton Transit System Advisory Board has explored the characteristics of bus rapid transit and the benefits of implementing bus rapid transit in cities similar to Edmonton. Based on this analysis the Board believes there is value in the City of Edmonton exploring bus rapid transit as an alternate mode of transit to complement LRT and regular bus service. Report Bus rapid transit is a high-speed, high frequency bus-based mode of transit that delivers fast, high-capacity, and cost-effective transit services in urban areas. Bus rapid transit differs from regular bus service based on several key characteristics: • The use of dedicated busways lanes (exclusive street-level lanes, often fully segregated from mixed traffic). • Off-board fare collection for less idle time at stations (simultaneous boarding at all doors). • Platform-level boarding for improved accessibility. • High frequency (focus is on ridership, not coverage; service is based on a pre- determined frequency rather than a schedule). • High capacity; bus rapid transit often uses articulated buses capable of transporting 80+ passengers. • High quality stations. Compared to a regular bus service, bus rapid transit is faster, has a higher ridership capacity, runs more frequently, and offers greater reliability and convenience. -
Triplinx - an Integrated View of Regional Transit
Triplinx - An Integrated View of Regional Transit Robert Proctor, Diane Kolin ITS Canada February 13, 2017 Triplinx Overview • Background • Features • Strategy • Partnerships • Challenges and Lessons Learned • Future Growth and Innovation 2 Metrolinx Metrolinx, an agency of the Government of Ontario under the Metrolinx Act, 2006, was created to improve the coordination and integration of all modes of transportation in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. The organization’s mission is to champion, develop and implement an integrated transportation system for our region that enhances prosperity, sustainability and quality of life. The Metrolinx Vision: Working together to transform the way the region moves The Metrolinx Mission: To champion and deliver mobility solutions for the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area 3 The Need for Triplinx Metrolinx is responsible for planning and coordination of transportation in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area Context of the Triplinx initiative: • 11 public transit systems including regional transit (GO Transit) and the UP Express airport service • Each has its own customer information system- of varying maturity Background: • Low public awareness of the amount and quality of transit service • Regional growth is increasing the amount of regional travel involving more than one transit system There was a critical need for: • A one-stop source of transit information • Presentation of all available services as one integrated network 4 The Need for Triplinx • Utilized for the PanAm and Para PanAm games in 2015 – Sporting venues, supplementary services to assist ticket purchasers • A key strategic tool for customer service transit ridership development – Flexible management of multi-agency transit service data – One-stop customer information serving entire travel experience • North American systems, generally: – Blend in-house and third party products.