DOCSLIB.ORG

A 3-D Simulation of a Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor with Transverse and Longitudinal Magnetic Flux

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A 3-D Simulation of a Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor with Transverse and Longitudinal Magnetic Flux applied sciences Article A 3-D Simulation of a Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor with Transverse and Longitudinal Magnetic Flux Juan Antonio Domínguez Hernández 1,*, Natividad Duro Carralero 1 and Elena Gaudioso Vázquez 2 1 Dpto. Informática y Automática, ETSI Informática, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Juan del Rosal, 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 2 Dpto. Inteligencia Artificial, ETSI Informática, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Juan del Rosal, 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-913-987-169 Received: 16 September 2020; Accepted: 5 October 2020; Published: 8 October 2020 Abstract: This paper presents a novel and improved configuration of a single-sided linear induction motor. The geometry of the motor has been modified to be able to operate with a mixed magnetic flux configuration and with a new configuration of paths for the eddy currents induced inside the aluminum plate. To this end, two slots of dielectric have been introduced into the aluminum layer of the moving part with a dimension of 1 mm, an iron yoke into the primary part, and lastly, the width of the transversal slots has been optimized. Specifically, in the enhanced motor, there are two magnetic fluxes inside the motor that circulate across two different planes: a longitudinal magnetic flux which goes along the direction of the movement and a transversal magnetic flux which is closed through a perpendicular plane with respect to that direction. With this new configuration, the motor achieves a great increment of the thrust force without increasing the electrical supply. In addition, the proposed model creates a new spatial configuration of the eddy currents and an improvement of the main magnetic circuit. These novelties are relevant because they represent a great improvement in the efficiency of the linear induction motor for low velocities at a very low cost. All simulations have been made with the finite elements method—3D, both in standstill conditions and in motion in order to obtain the characteristic curves of the main forces developed by the linear induction motor. Keywords: single sided linear induction motor; transverse magnetic flux; thrust force; levitation force; airgap magnetic flux density; eddy currents 1. Introduction A linear induction motor (LIM) is a type of asynchronous machine that in comparison with the traditionally rotary induction machine does not develop an electromagnetic torque [1]. The electromagnetic forces in an LIM operate along two directions: horizontal and vertical, instead of rotating. Figure1 illustrates the process for generating the electromagnetic forces in an LIM [2]. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 7004; doi:10.3390/app10197004 www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 7004 2 of 26 Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 26 FigureFigure 1.1. Electromagnetic forcesforces inin aa linearlinear inductioninduction motormotor (LIM).(LIM). AsAs shownshown in in Figure Figure1, a,1, LIMa, LIM has has two two di ff erentdifferen parts,t parts, which which produce produce twodi twofferent different magnetic magnetic fields. Thefields. first The part first is part a ferromagnetic is a ferromagnetic steel (called steel (called stator stator or primary or primary part). part). Inside Inside this this part, part, is located is located an alternatingan alternating current current (AC) (AC) three-phase three-phase winding winding that that generates generates a a traveling traveling magnetic magnetic field. field. The The secondsecond partpart isis composedcomposed of of two two joined joined layers layers of of aluminum aluminum and and iron iron (called (called rotor rotor or secondaryor secondary part), part), where where the generatedthe generated eddy eddy currents currents produce produce a new a new magnetic magnetic field. field. The The interaction interaction between between the the two two magneticmagnetic fieldsfields createdcreated inin bothboth partsparts causescauses thethe motionmotion ofof thethe secondarysecondarypart. part. TheThe relevancerelevance ofof LIMsLIMs inin thethe industryindustry isis hugehuge becausebecause therethere areare aa lotlot ofof applicationsapplications inin didifferentfferent areasareas [3[3],], such such as transportationas transportation systems systems (propulsion (propulsion of wheel-on-rail of wheel-on-rail vehicles vehicles and magnetic and levitationmagnetic high-speedlevitation high-speed trains), vertical trains), drives vertical (passenger drives elevator (passenger or an elevator withoutor an elevator ropes), industrialwithout ropes), drives (impactindustrial machine drives and (impact machine machine tools), or and automotive machine control tools), and or robotic. automotive Additionally, control these and motors robotic. are relevantAdditionally, in military these applicationsmotors are relevant [4], such in as military electromagnetic applications aircraft [4], such launch as electromagnetic or electromagnetic aircraft rail gunlaunch systems. or electromagnetic Besides, LIMs rail are verygun importantsystems. Besides, in all magneto-hydrodynamic LIMs are very important applications in all magneto- because underhydrodynamic low-velocity applications conditions, because an LIM canunder be usedlow-velocity as an electromagnetic conditions, pumpan LIM where can thebe liquidused metalas an representselectromagnetic the moving pump part.where the liquid metal represents the moving part. AA generalgeneral classificationclassification ofof LIMsLIMs [[1],1], divides these electrical induction machines intointo two didifferentfferent familiesfamilies dependingdepending onon twotwo criteria:criteria: thethe configurationconfiguration of thethe magneticmagnetic fluxflux andand thethe geometrygeometry ofof thethe machine.machine. The firstfirst family can bebe divideddivided intointo twotwo categoriescategories dependingdepending onon thethe numbernumber ofof primaryprimary parts.parts. Hence, an LIMLIM thatthat operatesoperates withwith onlyonly aa primaryprimary partpart isis calledcalled single-sidedsingle-sided linearlinear inductioninduction motormotor (SSLIM)(SSLIM) andand anan LIMLIM withwith twotwo primaryprimary partsparts isis calledcalled double-sideddouble-sided linearlinear inductioninduction motormotor (DSLIM).(DSLIM). TheThe secondsecond familyfamily cancan bebe alsoalso divideddivided intointo twotwo didifferentfferent categories.categories. First,First, anan LIMLIM withwith aa magneticmagnetic fluxflux thatthat circulatescirculates alongalong thethe directiondirection ofof thethe movementmovement calledcalled aa longitudinallongitudinal fluxflux linearlinear inductioninduction motormotor (LFLIM). (LFLIM). Second, Second, an an LIM LIM with with a magnetica magnetic flux flux closed closed to ato perpendicular a perpendicular plane plane to the to directionthe direction of the of movementthe movement called called a transverse a transverse flux flux linear linear induction induction motor motor (TFLIM) (TFLIM) [5,6]. [5,6]. TheThe mostmost popularpopular topologytopology inin thethe literatureliterature isis LFLIM.LFLIM. However,However, TFLIMTFLIM presentspresents somesome advantagesadvantages [[1],1], suchsuch asas aa magneticmagnetic fluxflux thatthat crossescrosses thethe airgapairgap twice,twice, aa reductionreduction ofof thethe consumedconsumed magnetizationmagnetization current,current, andand aa reductionreduction inin thethe weightweight ofof thethe device.device. InIn thethe literature,literature, therethere areare severalseveral techniquestechniques toto increase increase the the effi ciencyefficiency of LIM of ´LIM´ss which which can be can classified be classified into the threeinto the following three strategies.following Thestrategies. first strategy The first is calledstrategy winding is called skew winding and itsk isew oriented and it is to oriented reduce theto reduce ripple whosethe ripple effects whose are unwishedeffects are [ 7unwished]. The second [7]. strategyThe second is focused strategy on employingis focused theon third-orderemploying harmonicsthe third-order current harmonics injection tocurrent improve injection the thrust to improve and thethe levitationthrust and forcethe levitation [8] and theforce third [8] and strategy the third modifies strategy the modifies geometric the parametersgeometric parameters of the LIM of [9– the13]. LIM [9–13]. OurOur paperpaper is focusedis focused on theon thirdthe strategythird strategy that allows that us allows to modify us theto modify magnetic the flux magnetic configuration flux insideconfiguration the armature inside on the the armature LIM and on redesign the LIM the and paths redesign available the paths for the available eddy currents for the induced eddy currents inside theinduced aluminum inside plate. the aluminum The starting plate. point The is a starting prototype point of an is LIMa prototype that will of be an called LIM model that will 1. Model be called 1 is anmodel SSLIM 1. Model with a 1 configuration is an SSLIM with of TFLIM, a configuration whose geometry of TFLIM, has whose been modified geometry in has both been parts modified (primary in andboth secondary parts (primary part) and in order secondary to improve part) in the order efficiency to improve of the the LIM. efficiency Changes of in the the LIM. geometry Changes have in beenthe geometry introduced have to configurebeen introduced a relevant to threeconfigure dimensions a relevant main three magnetic dimensions circuit main (3D-MMC). magnetic Our circuit
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Investigation, Analysis and Design of the Linear Brushless Doubly-Fed
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Farroh Seifkhani for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering presented on February 8, 1991 . Title: Investigation, Analysis and Design of the Linear Brush less Doubly-Fed Machine.Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: K. Wallace This thesis covers theefforts of thedesign, analysis, characteristics, and construction of a Linear Brush less Doubly-Fed Machine (LBDFM), as well as the results of the investigations and comparison with its actual prototype. In recent years, attempts to develop new means of high-speed, efficient transportation have led to considerable world-wide interest in high-speed trains. This concern has generated interests in the linear induction motor which has been considered as one of the more appropriate propulsion systems for Super-High-Speed Trains (SHST). Research and experiments on linear induction motors arebeing actively pursued in a number of countries. Linear induction motors are generally applicable for the production of motion in a straight line, eliminating the need for gears and other mechanisms for conversion of rotational motion to linear motion. The idea of investigation and construction of the linear brushless doubly-fed motor was first propounded at Oregon State University, because of potential applications as Variable-Speed Transportation (VST) system. The perceived advantages of a LBDFM over other LIM's are significant reduction of cost and maintenance requirements. The cost of this machine itself is expected to be similar to that of a conventionalLIM. However, it is believed that the rating of the power converter required for control of the traveling magnetic wave in the air gap is a fraction of the machine rating.
    [Show full text]
  • High Speed Linear Induction Motor Efficiency Optimization
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2005-06 High speed linear induction motor efficiency optimization Johnson, Andrew P. (Andrew Peter) http://hdl.handle.net/10945/11052 High Speed Linear Induction Motor Efficiency Optimization by Andrew P. Johnson B.S. Electrical Engineering SUNY Buffalo, 1994 Submitted to the Department of Ocean Engineering and the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Naval Engineer and Master of Science in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2005 ©Andrew P. Johnson, all rights reserved. MIT hereby grants the U.S. Government permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of A uthor ................ ............................... D.epartment of Ocean Engineering May 7, 2005 Certified by. ..... ........James .... ... ....... ... L. Kirtley, Jr. Professor of Electrical Engineering // Thesis Supervisor Certified by......................•........... ...... ........................S•:• Timothy J. McCoy ssoci t Professor of Naval Construction and Engineering Thesis Reader Accepted by ................................................. Michael S. Triantafyllou /,--...- Chai -ommittee on Graduate Students - Depa fnO' cean Engineering Accepted by . .......... .... .....-............ .............. Arthur C. Smith Chairman, Committee on Graduate Students DISTRIBUTION
    [Show full text]
  • ELECTRICAL ENERGY UTLISATION Jacek F
    ELECTRICAL ENERGY UTLISATION Jacek F. Gieras and Izabella A. Gieras Adam Marszalek Publishing House, Torun, 1998 This text evolved from notes used in teaching an undergraduate course Energy Utilisation at the University of Cape Town. As the curricula of electrical engineering programmes became more and more overcrowded, many electrical engineering departments decided to limit the number of compulsory courses in heavy current electrical engineering. As a result, the number of lectures in electrical machines and related subjects have been reduced. Under such circumstances students need a concise textbook which covers electrical motors with emphasis on their performance, selection and applications, characteristics of modern electrical drives including variable speed drives and the use of electrical energy in households. This textbook deals with fundamentals of electrical motors, drives, electrical traction and domestic use of electrical energy. It is intended to serve second or third year students taking a one-semester course in energy utilisation or electric power engineering. Transformers and electromechanical generators have been omitted as transformation and generation of electric power is usually covered by a parallel course in power systems. The textbook consists of seven chapters: 1. Energy and drives, 2. D.c. motors, 3. Three- phase induction motors, 4. Synchronous motors, 5. Variable-speed drives, 6. Electrical traction and 7. Domestic use of electrical energy. Chapter 7 also contains principles of illumination. For a one semester course and two lectures per week the authors recommend the first four chapters. For four lectures per week the authors recommend all seven chapters. Students using this textbook should have taken courses in circuit theory and electromagnetism as prerequisites.
    [Show full text]
  • MODELING and SIMULATING of SINGLE SIDE SHORT STATOR LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR with the END EFFECT ∗ Hamed HAMZEHBAHMANI
    Journal of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, VOL. 62, NO. 5, 2011, 302{308 MODELING AND SIMULATING OF SINGLE SIDE SHORT STATOR LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR WITH THE END EFFECT ∗ Hamed HAMZEHBAHMANI Linear induction motors are under development for a variety of demanding applications including high speed ground transportation and specific industrial applications. These applications require machines that can produce large forces, operate at high speeds, and can be controlled precisely to meet performance requirements. The design and implementation of these systems require fast and accurate techniques for performing system simulation and control system design. In this paper, a mathematical model for a single side short stator linear induction motor with a consideration of the end effects is presented; and to study the dynamic performance of this linear motor, MATLAB/SIMULINK based simulations are carried out, and finally, the experimental results are compared to simulation results. K e y w o r d s: linear induction motor (LIM), magnetic flux distribution, dynamic model, end effect, propulsion force 1 INTRODUCTION al [5] developed an equivalent circuit by superposing the synchronous wave and the pulsating wave caused by the The linear induction motor (LIM) is very useful at end effect. Nondahl et al [6] derived an equivalent cir- places requiring linear motion since it produces thrust cuit model from the pole-by- pole method based on the directly and has a simple structure, easy maintenance, winding functions of the primary windings. high acceleration/deceleration and low cost. Therefore nowadays, the linear induction motor is widely used in Table 1. Experimental model specifications a variety of applications such as transportation, conveyor systems, actuators, material handling, pumping of liquid Quantity Unit Value metal, sliding door closers, curtain pullers, robot base Primary length Cm 27 movers, office automation, drop towers, elevators, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Advancing Motivation Feedforward Control of Permanent Magnetic Linear Oscillating Synchronous Motor for High Tracking Precision
    actuators Article Advancing Motivation Feedforward Control of Permanent Magnetic Linear Oscillating Synchronous Motor for High Tracking Precision Zongxia Jiao 1,2,3, Yuan Cao 1, Liang Yan 1,2,3,*, Xinglu Li 1,3, Lu Zhang 1,2,3 and Yang Li 1,3 1 School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; [email protected] (Z.J.); [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (X.L.); [email protected] (L.Z.); [email protected] (Y.L.) 2 Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo 315800, China 3 Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Linear motors have promising application to industrial manufacture because of their direct motion and thrust output. A permanent magnetic linear oscillating synchronous motor (PMLOSM) provides reciprocating motion which can drive a piston pump directly having advantages of high frequency, high reliability, and easy commercial manufacture. Hence, researching the tracking perfor- mance of PMLOSM is of great importance to realizing its popularization and application. Traditional PI control cannot fulfill the requirement of high tracking precision, and PMLOSM performance has high phase lag because of high control stiffness. In this paper, an advancing motivation feedforward control (AMFC), which is a combination of advancing motivation signal and PI control signal, is proposed to obtain high tracking precision of PMLOSM. The PMLOSM inserted with AMFC can provide accurate trajectory tracking at a high frequency. Compared with single PI control, AMFC can reduce the phase lag from −18 to −2.7 degrees, which shows great promotion of the tracking Citation: Jiao, Z.; Cao, Y.; Yan, L.; Li, precision of PMLOSM.
    [Show full text]
  • Improvement of Electromagnetic Railgun Barrel Performance and Lifetime By
    IMPROVEMENT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RAILGUN BARREL PERFORMANCE AND LIFETIME BY METHOD OF INTERFACES AND AUGMENTED PROJECTILES A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering by Aleksey Pavlov June 2013 c 2013 Aleksey Pavlov ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP TITLE: Improvement of Electromagnetic Rail- gun Barrel Performance and Lifetime by Method of Interfaces and Augmented Pro- jectiles AUTHOR: Aleksey Pavlov DATE SUBMITTED: June 2013 COMMITTEE CHAIR: Kira Abercromby, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Aerospace Engineering COMMITTEE MEMBER: Eric Mehiel, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Aerospace Engineering COMMITTEE MEMBER: Vladimir Prodanov, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering COMMITTEE MEMBER: Thomas Guttierez, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Physics iii Abstract Improvement of Electromagnetic Railgun Barrel Performance and Lifetime by Method of Interfaces and Augmented Projectiles Aleksey Pavlov Several methods of increasing railgun barrel performance and lifetime are investigated. These include two different barrel-projectile interface coatings: a solid graphite coating and a liquid eutectic indium-gallium alloy coating. These coatings are characterized and their usability in a railgun application is evaluated. A new type of projectile, in which the electrical conductivity varies as a function of position in order to condition current flow, is proposed and simulated with FEA software. The graphite coating was found to measurably reduce the forces of friction inside the bore but was so thin that it did not improve contact. The added contact resistance of the graphite was measured and gauged to not be problematic on larger scale railguns. The liquid metal was found to greatly improve contact and not introduce extra resistance but its hazardous nature and tremendous cost detracted from its usability.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit VI Superconductivity JIT Nashik Contents
    Unit VI Superconductivity JIT Nashik Contents 1 Superconductivity 1 1.1 Classification ............................................. 1 1.2 Elementary properties of superconductors ............................... 2 1.2.1 Zero electrical DC resistance ................................. 2 1.2.2 Superconducting phase transition ............................... 3 1.2.3 Meissner effect ........................................ 3 1.2.4 London moment ....................................... 4 1.3 History of superconductivity ...................................... 4 1.3.1 London theory ........................................ 5 1.3.2 Conventional theories (1950s) ................................ 5 1.3.3 Further history ........................................ 5 1.4 High-temperature superconductivity .................................. 6 1.5 Applications .............................................. 6 1.6 Nobel Prizes for superconductivity .................................. 7 1.7 See also ................................................ 7 1.8 References ............................................... 8 1.9 Further reading ............................................ 10 1.10 External links ............................................. 10 2 Meissner effect 11 2.1 Explanation .............................................. 11 2.2 Perfect diamagnetism ......................................... 12 2.3 Consequences ............................................. 12 2.4 Paradigm for the Higgs mechanism .................................. 12 2.5 See also ...............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Discrete and Continuous Model of Three-Phase Linear Induction Motors “Lims” Considering Attraction Force
    energies Article Discrete and Continuous Model of Three-Phase Linear Induction Motors “LIMs” Considering Attraction Force Nicolás Toro-García 1 , Yeison A. Garcés-Gómez 2 and Fredy E. Hoyos 3,* 1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering & Computer Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia—Sede Manizales, Cra 27 No. 64 – 60, Manizales, Colombia; [email protected] 2 Unidad Académica de Formación en Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Cra 23 No. 60 – 63, Manizales, Colombia; [email protected] 3 Facultad de Ciencias—Escuela de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia—Sede Medellín, Carrera 65 No. 59A-110, 050034, Medellín, Colombia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +57-4-4309000 Received: 18 December 2018; Accepted: 14 February 2019; Published: 18 February 2019 Abstract: A fifth-order dynamic continuous model of a linear induction motor (LIM), without considering “end effects” and considering attraction force, was developed. The attraction force is necessary in considering the dynamic analysis of the mechanically loaded linear induction motor. To obtain the circuit parameters of the LIM, a physical system was implemented in the laboratory with a Rapid Prototype System. The model was created by modifying the traditional three-phase model of a Y-connected rotary induction motor in a d–q stationary reference frame. The discrete-time LIM model was obtained through the continuous time model solution for its application in simulations or computational solutions in order to analyze nonlinear behaviors and for use in discrete time control systems. To obtain the solution, the continuous time model was divided into a current-fed linear induction motor third-order model, where the current inputs were considered as pseudo-inputs, and a second-order subsystem that only models the currents of the primary with voltages as inputs.
    [Show full text]
  • Linear Induction Motor
    Linear Induction Motor Electrical and Computer Engineering Tyler Berchtold, Mason Biernat and Tim Zastawny Project Advisor: Professor Steven Gutschlag 4/21/2016 2 Outline of Presentation • Background and Project Overview • Microcontroller System • Final Design • Economic Analysis • Hardware • State of Work Completed • Conclusion 3 Outline of Presentation • Background and Project Overview • Microcontroller System • Final Design • Economic Analysis • Hardware • State of Work Completed • Conclusion 4 Alternating Current Induction Machines • Most common AC machine in industry • Produces magnetic fields in an infinite loop of rotary motion • Current-carrying coils create a rotating magnetic field • Stator wrapped around rotor [1] [2] 5 Rotary To Linear [3] 6 Linear Induction Motor Background • Alternating Current (AC) electric motor • Powered by a three phase voltage scheme • Force and motion are produced by a linearly moving magnetic field • Used in industry for linear motion and to turn large diameter wheels [4] 7 Project Overview • Design, construct, and test a linear induction motor (LIM) • Powered by a three-phase voltage input • Rotate a simulated linear track and cannot exceed 1,200 RPM • Monitor speed, output power, and input frequency • Controllable output speed [5] 8 Initial Design Process • Linear to Rotary Model • 0.4572 [m] diameter 퐿 = 훳푟 (1.1) • 0.3048 [m] arbitrary stator length • Stator contour designed for a small air gap • Arc length determined from stator length and diameter • Converted arc length from a linear motor to the circumference of a rotary motor • Used rotary equations to determine required [6] frequency and verify number of poles 9 Rotational to Linear Speed (1.2) (1.3) 10 Pole Pitch and Speed (1.4) • For fixed length stator τ= L/p • L = Arc Length τ A B C A B C [7] 11 Linear Synchronous Speed Ideal Linear Synchronous Speed vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamic Suspension Modeling of an Eddy-Current Device: an Application to Maglev
    DYNAMIC SUSPENSION MODELING OF AN EDDY-CURRENT DEVICE: AN APPLICATION TO MAGLEV by Nirmal Paudel A dissertation submitted to the faculty of The University of North Carolina at Charlotte in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering Charlotte 2012 Approved by: Dr. Jonathan Z. Bird Dr. Yogendra P. Kakad Dr. Robert W. Cox Dr. Scott D. Kelly ii c 2012 Nirmal Paudel ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii ABSTRACT NIRMAL PAUDEL. Dynamic suspension modeling of an eddy-current device: an application to Maglev. (Under the direction of DR. JONATHAN Z. BIRD) When a magnetic source is simultaneously oscillated and translationally moved above a linear conductive passive guideway such as aluminum, eddy-currents are in- duced that give rise to a time-varying opposing field in the air-gap. This time-varying opposing field interacts with the source field, creating simultaneously suspension, propulsion or braking and lateral forces that are required for a Maglev system. In this thesis, a two-dimensional (2-D) analytic based steady-state eddy-current model has been derived for the case when an arbitrary magnetic source is oscillated and moved in two directions above a conductive guideway using a spatial Fourier transform technique. The problem is formulated using both the magnetic vector potential, A, and scalar potential, φ. Using this novel A-φ approach the magnetic source needs to be incorporated only into the boundary conditions of the guideway and only the magnitude of the source field along the guideway surface is required in order to compute the forces and power loss.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Purpose Machines
    SPECIAL PURPOSE MACHINES D.VENKATESH G.MADAN L6EE924 Y5EE840 EMAIL: [email protected] EMAIL:[email protected] Phone: 9963510494 Phone: 9963510494 R.V.R & J.C.COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Chandramoulipuram Chowdavram GUNTUR - 19 ABSTRACT: Day by day the interest on Nano generator special machines increases. Because Researchers have these machines serves for several demonstrated a prototype nanometer- applications.For instance,the nano scale generator that produces continuous generator could drive biological sensors direct-current electricity by harvesting by making use of wind energy or water mechanical energy from such flow,eliminating the need for external environmental sources as ultrasonic batteries.This not only reduces the waves, mechanical vibration or blood device cost but also at the same time flow. The nanogenerators take advantage reduces the entire equipment size. of the unique coupled piezoelectric and Integrated starter generator semiconducting properties of zinc oxide which is used in electric vehicles acts as nanostructures, which produce small a bidirectional energy converter as a electrical charges. motor when powered by the battery or a generator when driven by the engine.Linear motors are used to propel high speed MagLev trains.Micro motors plays an important role in computer hard drives,optics,sensors and actuators.A special type of outer rotor motors used to drive the polygonal rotating mirrors which are mounted directly on the rotor in laser printers. Our paper tries to introduce some of these machines and their applications in various fields.The recent developed technology of nano Fabrication begins with growing an generators is included and its working is array of vertically-aligned nanowires also explained.
    [Show full text]
  • Hyperloop Accelerator Design Review
    Hyperloop Accelerator Design Review TA: Benjamin Cahill ECE 445 February 25, 2015 Mohammad Jaber Michael Eraci Shivam Sharma Group #24 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction............................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Statement of Purpose................................................................................. 3 1.2 Objectives...................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Benefits ........................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Features .......................................................................................... 3 2.0 Design......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Block Diagram .............................................................................................. 4 2.2 Block Descriptions...................................................................................... 5 3.0 Schematics and Simulation .................................................................................. 6 3.1 Circuit Diagram ............................................................................................ 6 3.2 Control Flow Diagram ................................................................................ 7 3.3 Simulations ................................................................................................... 7 4.0 Requirements
    [Show full text]