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Contribución Al Estudio De Los Ascomicetes Bitunicados De Cataluña

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Contribución Al Estudio De Los Ascomicetes Bitunicados De Cataluña Acta Bot. Barc., 50: 5-434 Barcelona, 20065 CONTRIBUCIÓN AL ESTUDIO DE LOS ASCOMICETES BITUNICADOS DE CATALUÑA Dolores SIERRA LÓPEZ 1 ABSTRACT Contribution to the study of Bitunicate Ascomycetes in Catalonia (NE Spain). Loculoascomycetes refers to fungi with ascostromatic ascomata with ascolocular ontogeny, bitunicate asci and generally septate spores. The principal aim of this study is to set up a floristic catalogue of the non-lichenized and non-lichenicolous bitunicate Ascomycetes (Loculoascomycetes) of Catalonia. The original research has been based on the direct or through collaborators prospection of 282 localities, 243 of which are situated in Catalonia, 8 in the Balearic Islands and the rest belongs to Iberian Peninsula. All specimens were analysed by standard techniques with stereoscopic and light microscopes. Of all the studied taxa we offer an original macro- and microscopic description, and original iconography. For each species is given information about habitats where it occurs, chorology, taxonomy and references to important literature. As a result, 2090 specimens were added to the BCN herbarium. Based on the observed characters and different bibliographical source, we show for each taxonomic category of the catalogue a descriptive outline, and a dichotomic key of genera is appended. The taxonomy of the bitunicate Ascomycetes has undergone many changes and in this paper we follow Eriksson et al. (2004). The floristic catalogue includes 268 taxa: Class Arthoniomycetes, order Arthoniales (2 taxa). Class Chaetothyriomycetes, order Chaetothyriales (5). Class Dothideomycetes, order Capnodiales (5), order Do- thideales (4), order Hysteriales (9), order Patellariales (4), order Pleosporales (132). Dothideomycetes et Chaetothyriomycetes, families incertae sedis (79), genera incertae sedis (14). Class Sordariomycetes (7). Ascomycota, orders incertae sedis, order Co- ryneliales (1), order Pyrenulales (2), order Triblidiales (1) and families incertae sedis (3). A group of 33 taxa is doubtful or excluded as belonging to taxa whose voucher material could not to be found in the herbaria or were deteriorated. As a result of this study 104 taxa are new records for Catalonia, among them, we should highlight: Arnaudiella genistae (Fuckel) E. Müll., Dennisiella babingtonii (Berk.) Bat. & Cif., Dyrithium lividum (Fr.) M.E. Barr, Omphalospora himantia (Pers.: Fr.) Höln. and Seynesiella juniperi (Desm.) G. Arnaud. We want to point out 17 species, which, despite not being a novelty, are confirmations of an unique citation, older than to 1931. The following new combinations were proposed: Kalmusia anthostomoides (Rehm) D. Sierra, Lichenopeltella nigroannulata (J. Webster) D. Sierra, Phaeosphaeria 1 Departament Biologia Vegetal, Unitat de Botànica. Fac. Biologia, Univ. Barcelona. Av. Diagonal, 645. 08028 Barcelona. E-mail: [email protected] 6 D. SIERRA LÓPEZ matritensis (Gonz. Frag.) D. Sierra y Saccardoella scalaris (Durieu & Mont.) D. Sie- rra. The following taxa are probably non-described species, but their formal description and publication require the study of further findings: Capnodium sp. 1, Capronia sp. 1, Chaetoplea sp. 1, Guignardia sp. 1, Montagnula sp. 1, and Teichospora sp. 1. The following taxa differ from the species which they approach by one or more significant characters: Capronia aff. pulcherrima (Munk) E. Müll., Petrini, P.J. Fisher, Samuels & Rossman, Chaetoplea aff. strigosa (Ellis et Everh.) M.E. Barr, Cucurbitaria gr. elongata (Fr.) Grev., Julella aff. buxi Fabre y Microthyrium aff. cytisi Fuckel. A host index is provided with our own and the compiled data: 21 taxa of Locu- loascomycetes have been found on Buxus sempervirens, 16 on Pinus halepensis, 13 on Olea europaea, 13 on Quercus ilex, 12 on Rosmarinus officinalis, 9 on Arundo donax and also 9 on Erica multiflora. The species of the study area maybe distributed in the following chorological groups: 15 % are widespread, 49 % Mediterranean, 18 % Eurosiberian and 18 % Boreo-alpine. Keyword: Ascomycetes, Bitunicate, Loculoascomycetes, Arthoniales, Chaetothyriales, Capnodiales, Hysteriales, Patellariales, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Chaetothy- riomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Coryneliales, Pyrenulales, Triblidiales, Catalonia, Spain. RESUMEN El grupo de los Loculoascomicetes reúne aquellos ascomicetes con ascomas ascos- tromáticos, de ontogenia ascolocular; ascos bitunicados, con dehiscencia fisitunicada y ascósporas casi siempre septadas. El principal objetivo de este trabajo ha consistido en elaborar un catálogo de los Ascomicetes bitunicados no liquenificados ni liquenícolas de Cataluña, destinado a dar a conocer la diversidad florística, sobre todo de zonas áridas o térmicas y, en el extremo ecológico opuesto, de zonas montañosas, poco conocidas, y profundizar los datos disponibles sobre la ecología y corología de especies ya conocidas. Para todos los taxones estudiados se incluye la descripción original, tanto de los principales ca- racteres macroscópicos como microscópicos, con iconografía original de los taxones más relevantes, así como una síntesis de nuestras observaciones sobre la ecología, con identificaciones precisas de los substratos y comentarios de tipo taxonómico. Con los datos obtenidos se ha elaborado una clave taxonómica destinada a facilitar la identificación de los géneros citados en el área de estudio. Todos los ejemplares es- tudiados están depositados en el herbario de Ascomicetes, bajo las siglas BCC-DSL, actualmente depositado en el herbario BCN, del Centre Especial de Recerca de Bio- diversitat Vegetal (CERBIV). El material fúngico estudiado procede de 282 localidades, de las cuales 243 co- rresponden al área geográfica de Cataluña, 8 a las islas Baleares y 30 pertenecen a las provincias de Huesca (10), Zaragoza (6), Alicante (5), Castellón de la Plana (3), Navarra (2), Jaén (2), Almería (1) y Valencia (1). Una localidad está situada en terri- torio francés (Pirineos Orientales). El catálogo se compone de 268 taxones, repartidos en 4 clases, 13 órdenes (3 de posición incierta), 47 familias (20 de las cuales no tienen una posición taxonómica definitiva) y 100 géneros (8 de ellos considerados de posición incierta). El orden Pleosporales, con 132 taxones (49 % del total), es el mejor representado. La reparti- ción de los taxones en clases y órdenes es la siguiente: Clase Arthoniomycetes, orden Contribución al estudio de los ascomicetes bitunicados de Cataluña 7 Arthoniales (2 taxones). Clase Chaetothyriomycetes, orden Chaetothyriales (5). Clase Dothideomycetes, orden Capnodiales (5), orden Dothideales (4), orden Hysteriales (9), orden Patellariales (4), orden Pleosporales (126). Dothideomycetes et Chaeto- thyriomycetes, familias de posición incierta (85), géneros de posición incierta (13). Clase Sordariomycetes (7). Ascomycota, órdenes de posición incierta, orden Co- ryneliales (1), orden Pyrenulales (2), orden Triblidiales (1) y familias de posición incierta (3). Queda un conjunto de 33 taxones, no incluidos en el cómputo global del catálogo, que son considerados de carácter dudoso, de identidad incierta o bien han sido excluidos de él. La sistemática adoptada en este estudio se basa en la propuesta por Eriksson et al. (2004). De acuerdo con los datos bibliográficos disponibles podemos considerar que 104 taxones son nuevas aportaciones al catálogo micológico de Cataluña; 35 taxones co- rresponden a segundas citas para el área de estudio, con la particularidad de que en 17 de ellos, la cita anterior se remonta a la primera mitad del siglo XX. Se proponen 4 nuevas combinaciones: Kalmusia anthostomoides (basiónimo: Leptosphaeria anthostomoides Rehm), Lichenopeltella nigroannulata (basiónimo: Microthyrium nigro-annulatum J. Webster), Phaeosphaeria matritensis (basiónimo: Leptosphaeria matritensis Gonz. Frag.) y Saccardoella scalaris (basiónimo: Sphae- ria scalaris Durieu & Mont.). Los siguientes taxones manifiestan afinidad o proximidad hacia especies ya descri- tas pero muestran diferencias significativas en diversos caracteres: Capronia aff. pulcherrima (Munk) E. Müll., Petrini, P. J. Fisher, Samuels & Rossman, Chaetoplea aff. strigosa (Ellis et Everh.) M.E. Barr, Cucurbitaria gr. elongata (Fr.) Grev., Julella aff. buxi Fabre y Microthyrium aff. cytisi Fuckel. Los taxones Capnodium sp. 1, Capronia sp. 1, Chaetoplea sp. 1, Guignardia sp. 1, Montagnula sp. 1, y Teichospora sp. 1, no han podido ser atribuidos a ninguna es- pecie conocida. Están todavía en estudio, a la espera de nuevos datos que permitan asignarles una posición taxonómica definitiva. En función de nuestros propios datos y de las citas bibliográficas correspondientes al área de estudio, hemos ordenado todos los taxones que aparecen en el catálogo (excepto los coprófilos) en grandes grupos según las diferentes regiones fitogeográ- ficas de Bolòs & Vigo (1984). El 49 % del total presenta una distribución mediterrá- nea; el 18 %, eurosiberiana; el 18 %, boreo-alpina; el 13 % se encuentra tanto en la región mediterránea como en la eurosiberiana y el 2 % restante ha sido recogido en la región eurosiberiana y en el piso subalpino. Todos los taxones se han ordenado según el substrato sobre el que se han recolec- tado. Las especies con un mayor número de taxones fúngicos identificados son: Buxus sempervirens (21 taxones), Pinus halepensis (16), Olea europaea (13), Quercus ilex (13), Rosmarinus officinalis (12), Arundo donax (9) y Erica multiflora (9). Un total de 33 taxones (el 12,3 % del total) manifiesta un alto grado de especificidad con respecto al substrato. Con respecto a la
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