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Reducing Health Risks Through Sound Management of Pesticides Project Report REDUCING HEALTH RISKS THROUGH SOUND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES PROJECT REPORT WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION CONTROL OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES (NTD) WHO PESTICIDE EVALUATION SCHEME (WHOPES) iv 1 REDUCING HEALTH RISKS THROUGH SOUND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES PROJECT REPORT WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION CONTROL OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES (NTD) WHO PESTICIDE EVALUATION SCHEME (WHOPES) 2 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data : Reducing health risks through sound management of pesticides: project report. 1.Pest Control, Biological. 2.Pesticides - standards. 3.Harzardous substances. 4.Waste management. 5.Public health – legislation and jurisprudence. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 150610 6 (NLM classification: WA 240) © World Health Organization 2013 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO web site (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications –whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution– should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO web site (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. Printed by the WHO Document Production Services, Geneva, Switzerland. WHO/HTM/NTD/WHOPES/2013.2 iii Contents Acknowledgements v 1. PROJECT RATIONALE, GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 1 2. PROJECT ACHIEVEMENTS 3 2.1 Creating an evidence-base 4 2.2 Enhancing awareness and increased political support 7 2.3 Developing peer-reviewed, authoritative guidelines, norms and standards 9 2.4 Providing technical support and training to priority countries 12 2.5 Facilitating multisectoral approaches and collaboration 15 3. LESSONS LEARNT AND WAY FORWARD 17 Annex 1. WHOPES global network 18 iv v Acknowledgements This project was financially supported by the Bill & • Dr Vincent Corbel, Kasetsart University, Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) (Project ID: Bangkok, Thailand 45312). The World Health Organization’s Department • Dr Aditya Prasad Dash, WHO Regional Office of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (WHO/ for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India NTD) gratefully acknowledges this support and extends • Dr Mark Davis, Food and Agriculture its special thanks to Dr Kathryn Aultman, former Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Senior Programme Officer, BMGF Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy and Mr Peter Berry, Lead Programme Coordinator, BMGF Infectious Diseases, for their continued support • Dr Mikhail Ejov, WHO Regional Office for throughout the project’s implementation. Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark • Dr Abraham Mnzava, Global Malaria Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland The department also expresses its sincere thanks and appreciation to the many individuals in WHO Member • Dr Markus Müller, Swiss Federal Research States and in WHO regional and country offices for Station, Wädenswil, Switzerland their important contribution to this work. • Dr Olivier Pigeon, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Gembloux, Belgium The following individuals are gratefully acknowledged • Dr Agnes Soares da Silva, WHO Regional Office for their assistance in facilitating the implementation of for the Americas, Washington, USA the project and for their valuable guidance and advice: • Mr Soo Hian Tan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia • Mr Harold van der Valk, Werkendam, The • Dr Birkinesh Ameneshewa, WHO Regional Netherlands Office for Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe • Dr Hoda Atta, WHO Regional Office for the The department sincerely thanks Dr Morteza Zaim Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt and Dr Rajpal Singh Yadav, the responsible technical • Dr Eva Christophel and Dr Jeffrey Hii, WHO officers of the project in WHO/NTD, and Dr Henk Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, van den Berg (Templin, Germany), Dr Zaim and Dr Philippines Yadav for their assistance in preparing this report. vi 1 PROJECT RATIONALE, GOAL 1 AND OBJECTIVES disposal – requires legislation, regulatory control, Vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue, operational guidelines and procedures, training, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, continue to inflict a informing the public, and evaluation. major burden on human populations. The control of malaria has been intensified in the past decade, relying to a substantial degree on the action of chemical The goal of the project Reducing health risks through pesticides to control vector populations or reduce sound management of pesticides was to reduce the health disease transmission. It is critical that these vector risks of pesticides through their sound management control pesticides are used for their acceptable purpose by facilitating the establishment of national regulatory without causing adverse effects on human and animal frameworks; optimizing and harmonizing registration health and the environment. procedures; strengthening capacity on post-registration monitoring, evaluation and control of public health pesticides; and reducing trade in substandard pesticide The International code of conduct on pesticide management 1 provides voluntary standards for all public and private products. entities engaged in, or associated with, the distribution and use of pesticides, and serves as a globally-accepted The project’s objectives were: standard for pesticide management. - To facilitate the establishment of national Countries at risk of malaria and/or other vector- regulatory frameworks and optimize the borne diseases, however, face major challenges in registration of public health pesticides; managing vector control pesticides and other public health pesticides, which include pesticides for use by - To strengthen country capacities on the sound households and pest control operators. The challenge management of pesticides, including is greatest under decentralized health systems. their judicious use, and to reduce the health and environmental impacts of pesticide use/ Many countries, even those with longstanding vector application; and control programmes, lack capacity to regulate the availability and use of pesticides for vector control - To reduce trade in substandard pesticide purposes. Proper management of pesticides throughout products. their life-cycle – from product development to waste 1 Available at: http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/core-themes/ theme/pests/code/en/ 2 3 2 PROJECT ACHIEVEMENTS The project was implemented over a six-year period (from July 2007 to July 2013) and administered by the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) of the WHO Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, in close collaboration with WHO’s regional and country offices and with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The main achievements of the project are presented in this report under the following themes: 1. Creating an evidence-base on global pesticide registration and management practices in countries endemic for, or at risk of, major vector-borne disease, to inform future activities and investments for sound management of public health pesticides; 2. Enhancing awareness and increased political support on the judicious use of public health pesticides and the resulting reduction of health risks through information exchange; © WHO/FAO 3. Developing peer-reviewed, authoritative guidelines, norms and standards on different aspects of pesticide registration and management; 4. Providing technical support and training to priority countries on public health pesticide registration, regulation and management; and 5. Facilitating multisectoral approach and collaboration to pesticide management at international and national levels. RS © WHO/Yadav 4 2.1 CREATING AN EVIDENCE-BASE Srategies to improve pesticide management should Ejov, SH Tan, H van den Berg. Status of be rooted in evidence of the current situation. The legislation and regulatory control of public evidence base serves as a reference to inform future health pesticides in countries endemic with or plans for optimizing and harmonizing public health at risk of major vector-borne diseases. pesticide registration procedures and post-registration Environmental Health Perspectives, 2011, 119:11 regulation; for developing strategies and action plans (doi:10.1289/ehp.1103637). for capacity-strengthening of WHO Member States;
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