DOCSLIB.ORG

Endophenotypes for Nicotine- Dependence Risk at Or Before Initial Nicotine Exposure

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Endophenotypes for Nicotine- Dependence Risk at Or Before Initial Nicotine Exposure 8 Endophenotypes for Nicotine- Dependence Risk at or before Initial Nicotine Exposure Janet Audrain-McGovern, Joel T. Nigg, and Kenneth A. Perkins Characteristics present before or at the time of nicotine exposure may play a key role in identifying individuals at genetic risk for nicotine dependence. This chapter examines the evidence base for several candidate endophenotypes for nicotine-dependence risk at or before smoking and nicotine exposure, including the following: ■ Approach-related smoking risk variables based on psychological traits such as impulsivity, novelty seeking, and extraversion, using laboratory measures for aspects of reinforcement and reward ■ Avoidance-related smoking risk variables based on psychological factors such as neuroticism, stress, depression, and anxiety, using laboratory measures including personality trait measures, peripheral nervous system (PNS) effects, and neuroendocrine response to cortisol ■ Control-related smoking risk based on psychological variables such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorders, aggression, and hostility, using laboratory measures including response inhibition, event-related potential (ERP) P300 amplitude, attention, and alertness ■ Measures of initial response to nicotine exposure, including reinforcement and reward measures of initial sensitivity to nicotine, as well as initial sensitivity to affective and mood responses to nicotine Although available evidence shows a link between many of these variables and smoking behavior, further research is needed to establish possible nicotine-dependence endophenotypes from a standpoint of predictive validity, biological plausibility, reliability, and heritability. The analyses described herein were supported in part by National Institute of Health grants AA12217, CA096836, CA109250, DA05807, DA19478, and DA021032. 339 8. Endophenotypes for Nicotine Dependence Risk Introduction Endophenotypes This chapter examines potential An explanatory gap between candidate genes endophenotypes for risk for (1) initiating and the presence of symptoms of nicotine and progressing in smoking and dependence necessitates new approaches (2) responding to the initial nicotine to identifying genetic liability markers. exposure. First, it briefly surveys major Smoking risk is an area of study overlapping within-person risk factors for smoking with numerous complex disorders and initiation and progression. It then assesses traits with which it is correlated. Therefore, these from the perspective of potential a useful strategy may be to identify valid endophenotypes via a conceptual model and reliable intervening constructs to link of neural circuits that may be relevant candidate genes and nicotine dependence, to smoking initiation and progression, as has been suggested for behavioral particularly with regard to a general risk traits and disorders generally.5–8 The fi eld pathway. A general risk pathway indicates holds relative consensus that genetic and a vulnerability that may be shared between environmental risk for substance use nicotine and other drugs; hence, some includes a general risk factor (not specifi c overlap can be expected in the domains of to one drug) and drug-specifi c factors.9 interest here with those being studied for Intervening constructs need to be identifi ed other drugs such as alcohol. This approach both at the general level (where they will is well justified in view of behavioral be shared among several drugs) and at the genetic evidence of shared genetic liability nicotine-specifi c level. to the misuse of nicotine, alcohol, and other drugs,1–3 although the degree of These intervening constructs, referred to as shared genetic factors may vary with age.4 endophenotypes, can be neurophysiological, However, some endophenotypes may be biochemical, endocrinological, relatively more general and linked to initial neuroanatomical, cognitive, behavioral, attraction to many types of substances or neuropsychological, as long as the (e.g., reward dependence), and others may endophenotype ultimately enhances the have greater specificity to trying nicotine genetic signal for the disorder’s causal (e.g., attentional dysfunction). processes.10 Most behavioral measures, although providing useful clues, are usually The second part of this chapter considers considered less parsimonious than most processes occurring in the early stages of cognitive or biological endophenotypes given nicotine exposure that may increase the the (presumed) extra steps needed to link likelihood of further exposure to nicotine them to genes or the proteins for which they and subsequent nicotine dependence; code. Further, because genes infl uencing it looks at potential endophenotypes behavioral and addictive disorders are at that inflection point, shifting to a presumed to operate in the brain, and to be pharmacological response model and a detectable by probes of brain activity (such more drug-specific pathway. A drug-specifi c as cognition), cognitive and physiological model is justified at this infl ection point measures that can be validated in relation to by evidence that pharmacological response neural systems are attractive candidates. may influence selection of drug use over time. The final section of the chapter Consequently, a neural networks discusses the state of the research and offers perspective is useful to analyze potential recommendations for future investigation. endophenotypes. Such a model can be 340 Monograph 20. Phenotypes and Endophenotypes adopted to examine behavioral, cognitive, endophenotype.7,10,13 The criteria used to and physiological endophenotypes that may evaluate a potential endophenotype for be related to smoking initiation discussed in nicotine dependence include (1) predictive the first half of this chapter. Nicotine is not validity; that is, it is related to a smoking a drug of universal exposure. Thus, factors phenotype of interest (initiation or that differentially influence initiation of use, progression); (2) biological plausibility; including genetics, are critical. At the same that is, it can be linked to specifi c neural time, once smoking has been initiated, the pathways or actions, which can relate pharmacological response to the nicotine directly to candidate genes; (3) reliability; presumably becomes a key factor in an and (4) heritability. Bivariate heritability is adolescent’s subsequent smoking behavior not evaluated in this chapter because data are and progression to nicotine dependence. lacking on its relation to smoking initiation Therefore, the second part of this chapter and progression. For more discussion of the moves to a lower (more molecular) level of criteria for an endophenotype, see Waldman analysis and considers a pharmacological and colleagues.13,14 perspective on smoking progression in conjunction with trait measures. This chapter derives its concept of “endophenotype,” which has been Assuming an endophenotype can be criticized as underspecified, from other validated, it can provide a potentially studies. For example, Szatmari and powerful tool for identifying individuals colleagues15 suggest that responses at genetic risk of initial nicotine use that are often considered as potential and of going on to nicotine dependence endophenotypes can be conceptualized (becoming nicotine dependent and as one of three “subtypes,” only two of staying nicotine dependent), and it can which would be true endophenotypes: also clarify phenotypic heterogeneity.11 (1) component phenotype, (2) intermediate That is, complex traits such as smoking phenotype, and (3) covariate.15 Component and nicotine dependence are probably phenotypes capture only one aspect of a due to numerous genes in several multidimensional disorder of interest; pathways, interacting with each other and they may or may not be a necessary part of the environment. Endophenotypes are the disorder, but they are not a suffi cient intended to represent more defi ned and determinant (i.e., alone they do not fully quantifiable measures that are thought to capture the disorder). Building on the logic involve fewer genes and fewer interacting of these authors, component phenotypes pathways, which ultimately result in the can be viewed as a portion of the disorder activation of a narrower set of neuronal phenotype but not part of the causal chain circuits.11 Because endophenotypes, when to it. Intermediate phenotypes, by contrast, valid, are more proximal biologically refer to a mechanism believed to be part to the putative genetic infl uences, they of the causal chain to the disorder; this is may be more sensitive measures for the original meaning of “endophenotype” genetic studies of nicotine dependence.12 provided by Gottesman.10 An intermediate No endophenotypes have been validated phenotype is expected to refl ect a for smoking risk; this chapter examines predisposition for the disorder in unaffected candidate markers that may hold promise family members as well as in those already as potential endophenotypes. affected. The third subtype, covariates, are really not endophenotypes at all; they are Several criteria have been advanced factors related to the disorder of interest to evaluate the validity of a putative but not components of it and certainly not 341 8. Endophenotypes for Nicotine Dependence Risk causal. Part of the goal of research in this influences the likelihood of becoming area is to determine into which of these nicotine dependent and the rate of subtype categories a candidate measure progression in nicotine dependence actually
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Theory, Measurement, and Methods in the Study of Family Influences on Adolescent Smoking
    Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKADDAddiction1359-6357© 2003 Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs98Supplement 12136Original ArticleTheory, measurement and methodsNancy Darling & Patricio Cumsille REVIEW Theory, measurement, and methods in the study of family influences on adolescent smoking Nancy Darling1 & Patricio Cumsille2 1Program in Psychology, Bard College, NY, USA; 2Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile Correspondence to: ABSTRACT Nancy Darling Program in Psychology Bard College This paper discusses three dilemmas faced by researchers interested in family Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504 influences in substance use: the transitional nature of adolescent smoking, the USA complexity and multi-dimensionality of family forms and influences, and the E-mail: [email protected] inter-relationship of family influences with other key developmental contexts. Methodological and conceptual issues stemming from these dilemmas are dis- RESEARCH REPORT cussed with regard to understanding why previous reviews have found the cor- relations between family predictors and adolescent smoking to be relatively low. In particular, the importance of understanding time, the transitional nature of the phenomenon, and within- and between- family processes are emphasized. More appropriate conceptual and statistical models for analyzing family influ- ences are suggested, including both mixed models and person-centered approaches. KEYWORDS Adolescence, family, methodology, parental monitoring, parenting, substance use, smoking, tobacco use. INTRODUCTION The second dilemma researchers interested in family influences on adolescent smoking must grapple with is Although researchers interested in the development of the nature of the family itself. Although we speak com- adolescent smoking have long been interested in family monly of ‘the family unit’, within-family influences can- influences, the literature has been less than clear about not accurately be conceptualized as singular.
    [Show full text]
  • Marriage Book Index, 1837-1920 Lake County, Indiana
    Marriage Book Index, 1837‐1920 Lake County, Indiana This index was developed from marriage license books located in Lake County, Indiana, spanning 1837 to 1920. Both groom and bride indexes will provide the following information: the book number, page number, a license number, application number, groom and bride’s name, age (if given), a second spelling (if given), and the marrying official. We have added the church name (if given) in the notes columns and whether there was consent by a parent or nearest relative. Requests for copies of the original marriage application and license can be made by contacting the Lake County, Indiana, Clerk’s Office using the form at the following website (Note that the Clerk's Office asks that you send no more than three requests at one time): http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~innwigs/Archives/MarriageLicCopies.pdf © 2009 ‐ Northwest Indiana Genealogical Society Northwest Indiana Genealogical Society Marriage Book Index, 1837-1920 Brides Lake County, Indiana Surname Begins with P Bk# Pg# Lic # Appl Rec Groom's L Name G 2nd Sp Groom's F Name Groom's Age Bride's L Name B 2nd Sp Bride's F Name Bride's Age Appl Date Return Date Marr Date Marrying Official Title Clerk Misc Notes 059 421 085452 256 SPISAK Joseph PAA Elsie 06/08/1926 07/01/1926 06/08/1926 Kemp, Howard H. JP John Killigrew 010 094 MAY Daniel J, Jr. 21 PAAPE Minnie 18 02/10/1903 02/20/1903 02/15/1903 Wood, A. W. Min Harold H. Wheeler Hammond 026 129 032422 080 PIERCE LeRoy PAASCH Elsie 09/23/1915 09/28/1915 09/23/1915 Stockbarger, Charles U.
    [Show full text]
  • Kent County Naturalization Name Index, Paauwe to Radamacher
    Last name First name Middle name Volume Page Fir Sec Paauwe Jacobus V79 23 Paauwe Leonard V36 24 Paauwe Leonard V75 161 Paauwe Marienis V16 564 Paauwe Nicolaas V8 58 Paauwe Peter Albert V68 108 Paawue Nicholaas V17 328 Paawue Nicolaas V17 328 Paboyeski Theodore V18 31 Pacewiecz Frank V39 4 Pacher Peter V79 80 Pachowicz Edmund Antoni V35 69 Pachowicz Edmund Antoni V55 16 Pachowicz Ludwik V54 131 Pachowitz Edmund V35 64 Pachulski Felix V43 48 Pachulski Felix V68 21 Pacific Jun V40 470 Pacific Tito V40 478 Packer Albert B11 F7 Packer Albert V43 130 Packer Charles V33 51 Packer Cornelius B11 F9 Packer Cornelius V2 165 Packer Joseph B7 110 Packer Walter Jay V15 447 Packowski John V48 84 Pacukiewicz Karol V31 5365 Friday, January 19, 2001 Page 823 of 1325 Last name First name Middle name Volume Page Fir Sec Pacze James V18 157 Paczkowski John V40 257 Paczkowski John V64 74 Paczkowski Louis Joe V43 249 Paczkowski Murry V42 253 Paczkowski Stanislaw V20 119 Paczkowski Stanislaw V78 164 Padelt Frank B11 F8 Padelt Franz V14 487 Padelt Franz V2 10 Padgett William V5 12 Padgorski John V83 241 Padmos Adriana V68 192 Padmos Bouden Wyn V15 38 Padmos Cornelia V68 191 Padmos Gerrit Antoni V45 308 Padmos Gerrit Antoni V82 175 Paeceans Joseph B7 178 Paelman Anton V21 254 Paeplow Christ V14 211 Paesens Klaas V80 66 Paesens Nick V39 133 Paesens Nick V80 66 Paezens Antonetta Maria V47 169 Paff Peter V15 402 Paffhausen Anton V14 527 Paffhausen Anton V5 357 Paffhausen Casper V14 526 Friday, January 19, 2001 Page 824 of 1325 Last name First name Middle name Volume Page Fir Sec Paffhausen Casper V5 357 Paffhausen John A.
    [Show full text]
  • Nativity of Our Lord Cemetery
    Nativity of Our Lord Cemetery - Alphabetical Listing as of 1998 - Rhinelander Wisconsin PLACE IN SURNAME HEADSTONE DATES CEMETERY ????? Grandson of Joseph 1876-1918 Section F, Row 57 ????? Son of Esden 1904-1957 Section F, Row 57 ABBEY Marion M. ABBEY, Wife 1919-1987 Section D, Row 48 Truman D. ABBEY, Husband PFC BTRY C 535 FLD ARTY BN ABBEY WWII - BSM - Wisconsin Jan 6 1920 - May 22 1967 Section D, Row 48 ADAMCZYK Lillie L. ADAMCZYK 1921- Section F, Row 53 ADAMCZYK Walter F. ADAMCZYK 1916-1994 Section F, Row 53 ADLER Bernice S. ADLER 1917-1988 Section A, Row 8 AJESKA Antone AJESKA 1875-1960 Section D, Row 50 AJESKA Frank AJESKA 1884-1982 Section D, Row 50 AJESKA Helen AJESKA 1884-1965 Section D, Row 50 AJESKA Joseph AJESKA 1891-1927 Section A, Row 1 Edward AKALAITIS TEC5 634 AAA BN CAC AKALAITIS WWII - Wisconsin Aug 21 1913 - Dec 20 1965 Section A, Row 14 ALEXANDER Francis R. ALEXANDER 1890-1954 Section D, Row 38 ALSTEEN Ann Elizabeth ALSTEEN 1922-1988 Section D, Row 49 ALSTEEN Caroline J. ALSTEEN 1901- Section D, Row 55 ALSTEEN Frank A. ALSTEEN, Father 1913-1963 Section D, Row 49 ALSTEEN George W. ALSTEEN 1901-1974 Section D, Row 55 ALSTEEN Josephine ALSTEEN, Mother 1921- Section D, Row 49 ALSTEEN Lester J. ALSTEEN, Husband of Ann 1915-1969 Section D, Row 49 ALSTEEN Lester John ALSTEEN, Jr. 1955-1996 Section F, Row 53 ALSTEENS Gladys M. ALSTEENS Jul 22 1902 – May 3 1970 Section A, Row 5 Joseph T. ALSTEENS PVT 35O AMBULANCE CO ALSTEENS WWI - Wisconsin Sep 22 1896 - Jul 17 1956 Section A, Row 5 Louis N.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Research Program on Drugs
    FEDERAL RESEARCH PROGRAM ON DRUGS End report ALCOLAW The Law of 2009 concerning the selling and serving of alcohol to youths: from state of the art to assessment Contract - DR/00/071 Coördinator and promotors: dr. Tina Van Havere, HoGent Prof. dr. Bénédicte Deforche & Prof. dr. Freya Vander Laenen, UGent Prof. dr. Cécile Mathys & Prof. dr. André Lemaître, ULG Researchers and partners: Nicky Dirkx & Peer Van der Kreeft, HoGent dr. Bart De Clercq, Thomas Buijs, & dr. Joris Van Damme, UGent dr. Sarah van Praet & Adam El Houti, ULG Project DR/00/071 - The Law of 2009 concerning the selling and serving of alcohol to youths: from state of the art to assessment - ALCOLAW Published in 2017 by the Belgian Science Policy Avenue Louise 231 Louizalaan 231 B-1050 Brussels Belgium Tel: +32 (0)2 238 34 11 - Fax: +32 (0)2 230 59 12 http://www.belspo.be Contact person: Aziz Naji Tel: +32 (0)2 238 36 46 Neither the Belgian Science Policy nor any person acting on behalf of the Belgian Science Policy is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The authors are responsible for the content. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without indicating the reference : Van Havere, T., Dirkx, N., Vander Laenen, F., De Clercq, B., Buijs, T., Mathys, C., van Praet S., Deforche B., El Houti, A., Van Damme, J., Van der Kreeft, P., & Lemaïtre A. The Law of 2009 concerning the selling and serving of alcohol to youths: from state of the art to assessment.
    [Show full text]
  • Consequences of Extensional Tectonics on Volcanic Eruption Style
    This may be the author’s version of a work that was submitted/accepted for publication in the following source: Bryan, Scott, Ferrari, Luca, Ramos-Rosique, Aldo, Allen, Charlotte, Martinez-Lopez, Margarita, Orozco-Esquivel, Teresa, & Pelaez, Jessica (2011) Consequences of extensional tectonics on volcanic eruption style, compo- sitions and source regions : new insights from the southern Sierra Madre Occidental and Gulf of California regions, western Mexico. In 25 IUGG General Assembly, 2011-06-28 - 2011-07-07. This file was downloaded from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/58555/ c Copyright 2011 [please consult the author] This work is covered by copyright. Unless the document is being made available under a Creative Commons Licence, you must assume that re-use is limited to personal use and that permission from the copyright owner must be obtained for all other uses. If the docu- ment is available under a Creative Commons License (or other specified license) then refer to the Licence for details of permitted re-use. It is a condition of access that users recog- nise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. If you believe that this work infringes copyright please provide details by email to [email protected] Notice: Please note that this document may not be the Version of Record (i.e. published version) of the work. Author manuscript versions (as Sub- mitted for peer review or as Accepted for publication after peer review) can be identified by an absence of publisher branding and/or typeset appear- ance. If there is any doubt, please refer to the published source.
    [Show full text]
  • Last Name Suffix Prefix First Name Middle Name Middle
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P LAST FIRST MIDDLE MIDDLE NICK- MAIDEN RESIDENCE OR FUNERAL NEWSPAPER DEATH 1 NAME SUFFIX PREFIX NAME NAME INITIAL NAME NAME PLACE FUNERAL HOME NEWSPAPER DATE PAGE DATE DEATH CITY STATE 2 ANDRUS DWIGHT R DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 3/4/1971 9 3/1/1971 3 SCHWARZ LEONA K KEMPER DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 4/15/1971 15 4 ROZHON ANNA MARIE DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 5/11/1972 9 5 KRUPSKI LOIS C IMIELINSKI DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 6/15/1972 9 6 BENNETT MATHEW DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 7/13/1972 3 7 LUCAS FRANK E DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 7/20/1972 3 8 OLSON EDWIN W DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 8/24/1972 21 9 RUDDER HERBERT DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 1/11/1973 17 10 CALLARMAN JOYCE KATHLEEN DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 1/11/1973 17 11 HASS CHARLES L DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 1/11/1973 17 12 HEMINGTON MARY ANN HUNTRIDGE DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 6/24/1976 17 13 KELLY KATHLEEN WINIFRED DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 12/30/1976 15 14 LEVIJA JAMES DARIEN DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 9/14/1978 22 15 EDGETON CHARLES M WILLOWBROOK DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 10/19/1978 15 16 BAKER STANLEY HIBBS DARIEN DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 10/26/1978 22 17 LYECK ERWIN H DARIEN DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 11/23/1978 14 18 SVOBODA THOMAS E DARIEN DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 1/3/1980 9 19 SZYPERSKI ANNA DARIEN DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 1/10/1980 26 20 KASPERSKI WALTER L DARIEN DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 1/24/1980 21 21 ELLIS JANE BOUNDY DARIEN DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 3/6/1980 9 22 STEFANSKI WILLIAM J DARIEN DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 3/20/1980 13 23 TACZY JOSEPH V DARIEN DARIEN DUPAGE PROGRESS 5/1/1980 10 24 KARLO ADOLPH
    [Show full text]
  • 2010A Course Timetable
    2010A Course Timetable Office of the University Registrar Course publications can also be viewed online at http://www.upenn.edu/registrar ************************************************ ART & ARCH OF MED. WORLD ************************************************ AAMW-424 ART & ARC OF MESOPOTAMIA 1 CU REGISTRATION REQUIRED FOR LEC, REC 401 LEC MW 9-10AM BENN 244 PITTMAN H CROSS LISTED: ARTH-224 ARTH-624 MAX W/CROSS LIST: 30 RECITATION 0 CU 403 REC TBA PITTMAN H UNDERGRADUATES NEED PERMISSION CROSS LISTED: ARTH-624 MAX W/CROSS LIST: 30 AAMW-517 THE ISLAMIC CITY 1 CU 401 SEM R 3-5PM JAFF 104 HOLOD R CROSS LISTED: ARTH-517 MAX W/CROSS LIST: 15 AAMW-521 PROSEM IN CLASSICAL ART 1 CU 401 SEM W 3:30-5:30PM JAFF 113 KUTTNER A CROSS LISTED: ARTH-521 CLST-521 MAX W/CROSS LIST: 13 GREEK VASE PAINTING 1 CU 402 SEM M 3:30-5:30PM JAFF 104 BROWNLEE A CROSS LISTED: ARTH-521 MAX W/CROSS LIST: 15 AAMW-525 AEGEAN BRONZE AGE 1 CU 401 SEM R 3-5PM BENN 323 SHANK E CROSS LISTED: ARTH-525 MAX W/CROSS LIST: 15 AAMW-526 MAT & METHODS MED ARCH 1 CU CROSS CULTURAL ANALYSIS 401 SEM F 2-4PM WILL 28 SAPIRSTEIN P CROSS LISTED: ARTH-526 CLST-526 MAX W/CROSS LIST: 15 AAMW-621 ROMAN ART & ARCHITECTURE 1 CU REGISTRATION REQUIRED FOR LEC, REC CROSS CULTURAL ANALYSIS 401 LEC TR 10:30-12NOON BENN 141 KUTTNER A CROSS LISTED: ARTH-221 ARTH-621 SECTION MAX: 2 MAX W/CROSS LIST: 37 RECITATION 0 CU 406 REC TBA KUTTNER A CROSS LISTED: ARTH-621 SECTION MAX: 2 MAX W/CROSS LIST: 5 AAMW-723 SEMINAR IN AEGEAN ART 1 CU 401 SEM F 9-11AM JAFF 104 PITTMAN/BETANCO UNDERGRADUATES NEED PERMISSION CROSS LISTED: ARTH-720 MAX W/CROSS LIST: 4 ************************************************ ACCOUNTING ALL STUDENTS MUST OBTAIN PERMISSION TO AUDIT ANY ACCOUNTING COURSE.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin of Fucus Serratus (Heterokontophyta; Fucaceae) Populations in Iceland and the Faroes: a Microsatellite-Based Assessment
    Eur. J. Phycol. (2006), 41(2): 235–246 Origin of Fucus serratus (Heterokontophyta; Fucaceae) populations in Iceland and the Faroes: a microsatellite-based assessment J. A. COYER1, G. HOARAU1, M. SKAGE2, W. T. STAM1 AND J. L. OLSEN1 1Department of Marine Biology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands 2Department of Biology, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway (Received 13 October 2005; accepted 22 February 2006) The common intertidal seaweed Fucus serratus was almost certainly introduced to Iceland and the Faroes by humans from Europe, as previous genetic studies have confirmed that life-history constraints preclude long-distance dispersal. Introduction must have occurred sometime in the 1,000 years between arrival of the first Icelandic settlers c. 900 AD and when the species was first noted in a phycological survey in 1900. We genotyped 19 populations from throughout northern Europe, Iceland, and the Faroes with seven microsatellite loci in order to identify the source or sources of the Icelandic/Faroese populations. Assignment tests indicated that the Sma˚skjaer area of the Oslofjorden in Norway was the source for the Icelandic populations and the Hafnarfjo¨ rôur area of Iceland was the likely source for the single Faroese population. The time of introduction to Iceland was probably during the 19th century, whereas introduction to the Faroes occurred during the late 20th century. Additionally, molecular data verified hybridization between the introduced F. serratus and the native F. evanescens. Key words: Fucus serratus, hybridization, Iceland, species introductions, seaweeds, the Faroes Introduction biological surveys in the mid-1800s was largely Recent introductions of marine species due to the a result of post-glaciation colonization, and that it shipping and fisheries activities of human societies was only after the surveys that novel species were continue to be a widely discussed topic.
    [Show full text]
  • July 16-17, 2014 1203 Front Street Raleigh, North Carolina
    MINUTES North Carolina Medical Board July 16-17, 2014 1203 Front Street Raleigh, North Carolina 1 July 16-17, 2014 General Session Minutes of the North Carolina Medical Board Meeting held July 16-17, 2014. The July 16-17, 2014 meeting of the North Carolina Medical Board was held at the Board's Office, 1203 Front Street, Raleigh, NC 27609. Paul S. Camnitz, MD, President, called the meeting to order. Board members in attendance were: Cheryl L. Walker-McGill, MD, President- Elect; Pascal O. Udekwu, MD, Secretary/Treasurer; Eleanor E. Greene, MD; Subhash C. Gumber, MD; Mr. Michael Arnold; Debra A. Bolick, MD; Timothy E. Lietz, MD; Ms. Thelma Lennon and Mr. A. Wayne Holloman. Absent was Ms. H. Diane Meelheim, FNP-BC and Barbara E. Walker, DO. Presidential Remarks Dr. Camnitz commenced the meeting by reminding the Board members of their duty to avoid conflicts of interest with respect to any matters coming before the board as required by the State Government Ethics Act. No conflicts were reported. Minute Approval Motion: A motion passed to approve the May 14, 2014 Board Minutes, the June 9th Special Board meeting and the June 19, 2014 Hearing Minutes. Announcements 1. Dr. Eleanor Greene provided a brief oral report on the PHP Board of Directors meeting. 2. Joy Cooke, Director of Licensing, introduced Ms. Shaba Jones as the new temp in the Licensing department. 3. Dr. Scott Kirby, Medical Director, recognized Dr. Michael Sheppa on his retirement from the NCMB, effective July 31, 2014 4. Dr. Warren Pendergast, Medical Director, NC Physician’s Health Program, gave the PHP Compliance Committee report to the Board.
    [Show full text]
  • The Utility of Pharmacometrics in Drug Development And
    THE UTILITY OF PHARMACOMETRICS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND PHARMACOTHERAPY OF ANTIMICROBIALS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY ALI AHMED ALHADAB IN PARTIAL FULFILLIMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY RICHARD C. BRUNDAGE, Advisor MARNIE L. PETERSON, Co-Advisor December 2017 © Copyright Ali A. Alhadab 2017 All Rights Reserved AKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people without who this thesis would not have been possible deserve my sincere gratitude. First and foremost, my wholehearted thanks go to Almighty Allah, the most Merciful the most Compassionate, the one who provides me with all I need, guides me throughout my journey, and equips me with the capabilities to accomplish this work. I am thankful and honored to work under the supervision of Dr. Richard Brundage. Not only was he an adviser, but also he was a mentor, friend and father as the same time. Your help, support, guidance, encouragement and patience throughout the program were surely behind my success. Thank you for always being there for me and putting my personal needs and professional aspirations first. You have been my last resort to go to because I knew you would do your best to ensure things go the way I wish. A special thanks to my co-adviser. Dr. Marine Peterson, the person behind my acceptance into the Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (ECP) graduate program. She was also the one who introduced me to and established the collaboration with Dr. David Boulware. I am really indebted to her in many ways and I cannot thank her enough.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Fall Florida International University Commencement
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Commencement Programs Special Collections and University Archives Fall 2013 2013 Fall Florida International University Commencement Florida International University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/commencement_programs Recommended Citation Florida International University, "2013 Fall Florida International University Commencement" (2013). FIU Commencement Programs. 20. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/commencement_programs/20 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections and University Archives at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Commencement Programs by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Florida International University U.S. Century Bank Arena CommencementModesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, Florida Sunday, December 15, 2013 Monday, December 16, 2013 Tuesday, December 17, 2013 FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Florida International University is a vibrant, student-centered public research university, ideally located in Miami, that is Worlds Ahead in its commitment to learning, research, entrepreneurship, innovation and creativity so that our graduates are prepared to succeed in the global market. Since 1965, when it was chartered as the area’s first public university, FIU has built a reputation for excellence in teaching, research and community engagement. Since taking office in August 2009, President Mark Rosenberg has focused on strengthening student-centered academic excellence, enhancing research that supports community priorities and expanding community partnerships. FIU has a diverse and nationally celebrated faculty who bring a global perspective to their research and teaching. Our vibrant student body is made up of individuals from throughout the United States and more than 130 countries, and our Worlds Ahead alumni have risen to prominence in every field.
    [Show full text]