DOCSLIB.ORG

Acrocephalidae Species Tree

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Acrocephalidae Species Tree Acrocephalidae: Acrocephalid Warblers Madagascan Brush-Warbler, Nesillas typica ?Subdesert Brush-Warbler, Nesillas lantzii ?Anjouan Brush-Warbler, Nesillas longicaudata ?Grand Comoro Brush-Warbler, Nesillas brevicaudata ?Moheli Brush-Warbler, Nesillas mariae ?Aldabra Brush-Warbler, Nesillas aldabrana Thick-billed Warbler, Arundinax aedon Papyrus Yellow Warbler, Calamonastides gracilirostris Booted Warbler, Iduna caligata Sykes’s Warbler, Iduna rama Olivaceous Warbler / Eastern Olivaceous-Warbler, Iduna pallida Isabelline Warbler / Western Olivaceous-Warbler, Iduna opaca African Yellow Warbler, Iduna natalensis Mountain Yellow Warbler, Iduna similis Upcher’s Warbler, Hippolais languida Olive-tree Warbler, Hippolais olivetorum Melodious Warbler, Hippolais polyglotta Icterine Warbler, Hippolais icterina Sedge Warbler, Titiza schoenobaenus Aquatic Warbler, Titiza paludicola Moustached Warbler, Titiza melanopogon ?Speckled Reed-Warbler, Titiza sorghophila Black-browed Reed-Warbler, Titiza bistrigiceps Paddyfield Warbler, Notiocichla agricola Manchurian Reed-Warbler, Notiocichla tangorum Blunt-winged Warbler, Notiocichla concinens Blyth’s Reed-Warbler, Notiocichla dumetorum Large-billed Reed-Warbler, Notiocichla orina Marsh Warbler, Notiocichla palustris African Reed-Warbler, Notiocichla baeticata Mangrove Reed-Warbler, Notiocichla avicenniae Eurasian Reed-Warbler, Notiocichla scirpacea Caspian Reed-Warbler, Notiocichla fusca Basra Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus griseldis Lesser Swamp-Warbler, Acrocephalus gracilirostris Greater Swamp-Warbler, Acrocephalus rufescens Cape Verde Swamp-Warbler, Acrocephalus brevipennis Seychelles Warbler, Acrocephalus sechellensis Madagascan Warbler, Acrocephalus newtoni Rodrigues Warbler, Acrocephalus rodericanus Great Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus Oriental Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus orientalis Clamorous Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus stentoreus Nightingale Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus luscinius Saipan Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus hiwae Australian Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus australis Aguiguan Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus nijoi Carolinian Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus syrinx Kiritimati Reed-Warbler / Bokikokiko, Acrocephalus aequinoctialis Southern Marquesan Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus mendanae Pagan Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus yamashinae Nauru Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus rehsei Millerbird, Acrocephalus familiaris Pitcairn Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus vaughani Henderson Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus taiti Cook Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus kerearako Rimatara Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus rimitarae Garrett’s Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus musae Tahiti Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus caffer Moorea Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus longirostris Northern Marquesan Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus percernis Tuamotu Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus atyphus Mangareva Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus astrolabii Sources: Arbabi et al. (2014a, b), Bensch and Pearson (2002), Cibois et al. (2007, 2008, 2011), Fleischer et al. (2007), Fregin et al. (2009), Helbig and Seibold (1999), Johansson et al. (2008b), Leisler et al. (1997), Leisler and Winkler (2015), Saitoh et al. (2012)..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Disaggregation of Bird Families Listed on Cms Appendix Ii
    Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 2nd Meeting of the Sessional Committee of the CMS Scientific Council (ScC-SC2) Bonn, Germany, 10 – 14 July 2017 UNEP/CMS/ScC-SC2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II (Prepared by the Appointed Councillors for Birds) Summary: The first meeting of the Sessional Committee of the Scientific Council identified the adoption of a new standard reference for avian taxonomy as an opportunity to disaggregate the higher-level taxa listed on Appendix II and to identify those that are considered to be migratory species and that have an unfavourable conservation status. The current paper presents an initial analysis of the higher-level disaggregation using the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World Volumes 1 and 2 taxonomy, and identifies the challenges in completing the analysis to identify all of the migratory species and the corresponding Range States. The document has been prepared by the COP Appointed Scientific Councilors for Birds. This is a supplementary paper to COP document UNEP/CMS/COP12/Doc.25.3 on Taxonomy and Nomenclature UNEP/CMS/ScC-Sc2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II 1. Through Resolution 11.19, the Conference of Parties adopted as the standard reference for bird taxonomy and nomenclature for Non-Passerine species the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, Volume 1: Non-Passerines, by Josep del Hoyo and Nigel J. Collar (2014); 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Khalladi-Bpp Anexes-Arabic.Pdf
    Khalladi Windfarm and Power Line Projects Biodiversity Protection Plan, July 2015 107 Khalladi Windfarm and Power Line Projects Biodiversity Protection Plan, July 2015 108 Khalladi Windfarm and Power Line Projects Biodiversity Protection Plan, July 2015 109 Khalladi Windfarm and Power Line Projects Biodiversity Protection Plan, July 2015 110 Khalladi Windfarm and Power Line Projects Biodiversity Protection Plan, July 2015 111 Khalladi Windfarm and Power Line Projects Biodiversity Protection Plan, July 2015 112 Khalladi Windfarm and Power Line Projects Biodiversity Protection Plan, July 2015 113 The IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria are intended to be an easily and widely understood system for classifying species at high risk of global extinction. The IUCN Red List is categorized in the following Categories: • Extinct (EX): A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form. Khalladi Windfarm and Power Line Projects 114 Biodiversity Protection Plan, July 2015 • Extinct in the Wild (EW): A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed Extinct in the Wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual.
    [Show full text]
  • The Common Cuckoo Is an Effective Indicator of High Bird Species
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The common cuckoo is an effective indicator of high bird species richness in Asia and Europe Received: 16 February 2017 Federico Morelli1, Anders Pape Møller2, Emma Nelson3, Yanina Benedetti1, Wei Liang 4, Accepted: 19 May 2017 Petra Šímová 1, Marco Moretti5 & Piotr Tryjanowski6 Published: xx xx xxxx Common cuckoo Cuculus canorus is a charismatic bird species with a dominant presence in human culture: from folklore legends to nowadays there is evidence of cuckoos being a prime candidate as a surrogate of bird diversity. Recent studies demonstrated that the cuckoo can predict hotspots of taxonomic diversity and functional diversity of bird communities in European countries. In this study, we demonstrated that the cuckoo is an excellent bioindicator at multi-spatial scale, extending cuckoo surrogacy from Europe to Asia. Even using three different survey methods (transect, square, point counts), comparing the new findings with results of our research in Europe, sites where the cuckoo is present were characterized by greater species richness, while the cuckoo was absent from sites with low species richness. The goodness of fit of models based on point counts ranged between 71 and 92%. Furthermore, the cuckoo population trend mirrors the average population trend and climate suitability of overall bird communities in Europe. The common cuckoo is therefore a suitable intercontinental bioindicator of hotspots of bird richness, even under climate change scenarios or in areas where the species co-occurs with other cuckoo species, opening a new avenue for standardized citizen science on bird biodiversity surveys worldwide. Why is the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus a fascinating bird species for humans? What are the main reasons for the species being known as “a messenger of spring and morality”1, and why is it so conspicuous in human culture? A review of folklore shows clearly that the enigmatic cuckoo has driven the collective imagination of people throughout the world for thousands of years.
    [Show full text]
  • Poland Trip Report May - June 2018
    POLAND TRIP REPORT MAY - JUNE 2018 By Andy Walker We enjoyed excellent views of Alpine Accentor during the tour. www.birdingecotours.com [email protected] 2 | T R I P R E P O R T Poland: May - June 2018 This one-week customized Poland tour commenced in Krakow on the 28th of May 2018 and concluded back there on the 4th of June 2018. The tour visited the bird-rich fishpond area around Zator to the southwest of Krakow before venturing south to the mountains along the Poland and Slovakia border. The tour connected with many exciting birds and yielded a long list of European birding highlights, such as Black-necked and Great Crested Grebes, Red-crested Pochard, Garganey, Black and White Storks, Eurasian and Little Bitterns, Black-crowned Night Heron, Golden Eagle, Western Marsh and Montagu’s Harriers, European Honey Buzzard, Red Kite, Corn Crake, Water Rail, Caspian Gull, Little, Black, and Whiskered Terns, European Turtle Dove, Common Cuckoo, Lesser Spotted, Middle Spotted, Great Spotted, Black, European Green, and Syrian Woodpeckers, Eurasian Hobby, Peregrine Falcon, Red-backed and Great Grey Shrikes, Eurasian Golden Oriole, Eurasian Jay, Alpine Accentor, Water Pipit, Common Firecrest, European Crested Tit, Eurasian Penduline Tit, Savi’s, Marsh, Icterine, and River Warblers, Bearded Reedling, White-throated Dipper, Ring Ouzel, Fieldfare, Collared Flycatcher, Black and Common Redstarts, Whinchat, Western Yellow (Blue-headed) Wagtail, Hawfinch, Common Rosefinch, Red Crossbill, European Serin, and Ortolan Bunting. A total of 136 bird species were seen (plus 8 species heard only), along with an impressive list of other animals, including Common Fire Salamander, Adder, Northern Chamois, Eurasian Beaver, and Brown Bear.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring Weights of Some Palaearctic Passer- Ines in Ethiopia and Kenya: Evidence for Important Migration Staging Areas in Eastern Ethiopia
    Scopus 33: 45–52, January 2014 Spring weights of some Palaearctic passer- ines in Ethiopia and Kenya: evidence for important migration staging areas in eastern Ethiopia David Pearson, Herbert Biebach, Gerhard Nikolaus and Elizabeth Yohannes Summary Palaearctic migrants were trapped in late April and early May at a passage site near Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. Willow Warblers Phylloscopus trochilus and Spotted Flycatchers Muscicapa striata were predominant, while Red-backed Shrikes Lanius collurio, Sedge Warblers Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Reed Warblers A. scirpaceus, Garden Warblers Sylvia borin and Common Whitethroats S. communis also featured prominently. Weights were high in all species, and over 70% of the birds caught were extremely fat. Spring weights and fat scores at Jijiga were compared with those found in the same species in Kenya, and the difference was striking. In Kenya, most species had mean spring weights 10–20% above lean weight; at Jijiga, species’ mean weights ranged from 30% to 55% above lean weight. Whereas the reserves of most migrants departing from Kenya would have supported flights only as far as Ethiopia, the fat loads of birds at Jijiga indicated a potential for crossing Arabia with little need to feed. This suggests important staging and fattening grounds between these two areas, perhaps in the Acacia–Commiphora bushlands drained by the upper Juba and Shebelle rivers and their tributaries. Introduction Each year hundreds of millions of migrant passerines must set off from the Horn of Africa in April and early May on a crossing of the Arabian Peninsula (Moreau 1972). These are bound ultimately for Palaearctic breeding grounds distributed from Western Europe to Siberia and central Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Prunella Mod-Sylvia Sarda.P65 225 19/10/2004, 17:17
    Birds in Europe – Warblers Country Breeding pop. size (pairs) Year(s) Trend Mag.% References Hippolais olivetorum Albania (1,000 – 3,000) 02 (0) (0–19) OLIVE-TREE WARBLER Bulgaria 500 – 900 96–02 + 0–9 Croatia (500 – 750) 02 (–) (0–19) 70 Non-SPECE (1994: 2) Status (Secure) Greece (3,000 – 5,000) 95–00 (–) (0–19) Criteria — Macedonia (500 – 3,000) 90–00 (0) (0–19) Serbia & MN 5 – 10 95–02 + N 1,141,155,227 European IUCN Red List Category — Turkey (5,000 – 10,000) 01 (0) (0–19) Criteria — Total (approx.) 11,000 – 23,000 Overall trend Stable Global IUCN Red List Category — Breeding range >250,000 km2 Gen. length. <3.3 % Global pop. >95 Criteria — Hippolais olivetorum is a summer visitor to south-eastern Europe, which constitutes >95% of its global breeding range. Its European breeding population is relatively small (<23,000 pairs), but was stable between 1970–1990. Despite declines in Greece and Croatia during 1990–2000, the species was stable or increased elsewhere within its European range, and probably remained stable overall. Although it was previously classified as Rare, the species’s European breeding population is now known to exceed 10,000 pairs, and consequently it is provisionally evaluated as Secure. No. of pairs ≤ 7 ≤ 1,800 ≤ 3,900 ≤ 7,100 Present Extinct Hippolais olivetorum 2000 population 96 4 1990 population 5 95 Data quality (%) – Hippolais olivetorum unknown poor medium good 1990–2000 trend 96 4 1970–1990 trend 43 57 Country Breeding pop. size (pairs) Year(s) Trend Mag.% References Hippolais icterina Austria (10,000 – 20,000) 98–02 (0) (0–19) ICTERINE WARBLER Azerbaijan (1,000 – 10,000) 96–00 (0) (0–19) Belarus 100,000 – 180,000 97–02 0 0–19 Non-SPECE (1994: 4) Status (Secure) Belgium 3,500 – 7,000 01–02 – 0–19 1 Criteria — Bosnia & HG Present 85–89 ? – Bulgaria 150 – 300 96–02 (F) (20–29) European IUCN Red List Category — Croatia (50 – 75) 02 (–) (>80) 70 Criteria — Czech Rep.
    [Show full text]
  • "Official Gazette of RM", No. 28/04 and 37/07), the Government of the Republic of Montenegro, at Its Meeting Held on ______2007, Enacted This
    In accordance with Article 6 paragraph 3 of the FT Law ("Official Gazette of RM", No. 28/04 and 37/07), the Government of the Republic of Montenegro, at its meeting held on ____________ 2007, enacted this DECISION ON CONTROL LIST FOR EXPORT, IMPORT AND TRANSIT OF GOODS Article 1 The goods that are being exported, imported and goods in transit procedure, shall be classified into the forms of export, import and transit, specifically: free export, import and transit and export, import and transit based on a license. The goods referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article were identified in the Control List for Export, Import and Transit of Goods that has been printed together with this Decision and constitutes an integral part hereof (Exhibit 1). Article 2 In the Control List, the goods for which export, import and transit is based on a license, were designated by the abbreviation: “D”, and automatic license were designated by abbreviation “AD”. The goods for which export, import and transit is based on a license designated by the abbreviation “D” and specific number, license is issued by following state authorities: - D1: the goods for which export, import and transit is based on a license issued by the state authority competent for protection of human health - D2: the goods for which export, import and transit is based on a license issued by the state authority competent for animal and plant health protection, if goods are imported, exported or in transit for veterinary or phyto-sanitary purposes - D3: the goods for which export, import and transit is based on a license issued by the state authority competent for environment protection - D4: the goods for which export, import and transit is based on a license issued by the state authority competent for culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Thick-Billed Warbler (Iduna Aedon) at Gambell, Alaska: First Record for North America Gary H
    NOTES THICK-BILLED WARBLER (IDUNA AEDON) AT GAMBELL, ALASKA: FIRST RECORD FOR NORTH AMERICA GARY H. ROSENBERG, 8101 North Wheatfield Dr., Tucson, Arizona 85741; [email protected] PAUL E. LEHMAN, 11192 Portobelo Dr., San Diego, California 92124; [email protected] AARON J. LANG, 40208 Alpenglow Circle, Homer, Alaska 99603; [email protected] VICTOR AND RUBEN STOLL, 899 Miller Rd., Centerville, Tennessee 37033; [email protected] In the evening on 8 September 2017, in the “far boneyard” at Gambell, St. Law- rence Island, Alaska (63.78° N, 171.74° W), Victor and Ruben Stoll flushed a pas- serine they could not immediately identify. The “boneyards” are large pits excavated by the resident Yupik Natives seeking buried ivory and artifacts, a result of several thousand years of sea-mammal hunting from this island’s Northwest Cape. Working these pits turns the soil, which has resulted in the growth of relatively lush vegetation consisting of two species of Artemisia, known locally as “wormwood.” The combina- tion of lush vegetation (reaching 0.5–1 m in height) and deep depressions that offer protection from the wind is attractive to migrant and vagrant landbirds in the otherwise flat, gravelly landscape. Soon thereafter, we, along with Greg Scyphers, Monte Taylor, and other birders then at Gambell, converged at the far boneyard in search of the bird. It was soon relocated and seen on the ground briefly by Lang, who suggested it was a Thick-billed Warbler (Iduna aedon), a bird he was familiar with from southeastern Asia and a species not previously recorded in Alaska or North America.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny and Phylogeography of Reed Warblers and Allies (Aves: Acrocephalidae)
    Dissertation submitted to the Combined Faculties for the Natural Sciences and for Mathematics of the Ruperto-Carola University of Heidelberg, Germany for the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences presented by Tayebeh Arbabi Born in Mashhad, Iran Oral examination: 26 June 2014 Molecular Phylogeny and Phylogeography of Reed Warblers and Allies (Aves: Acrocephalidae) Referees: Prof. Dr. Michael Wink Prof. Dr. Marcus Koch i Table of contents Zusammenfassung..................................................................................................................... v Summary .................................................................................................................................. vi Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... vii Publications ........................................................................................................................... viii 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 General introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Avian taxonomy ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Phylogeny and phylogeography ................................................................................. 2 1.1.3 Molecular markers ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Re-Evaluation of Phylogenetic Relationships Within Reed Warblers (Aves: Acrocephalidae) Based on Eight Molecular Loci and ISSR Profiles
    Accepted Manuscript A Re-evaluation of Phylogenetic Relationships within Reed Warblers (Aves: Acrocephalidae) Based on Eight Molecular Loci and ISSR Profiles Tayebeh Arbabi, Javier Gonzalez, Michael Wink PII: S1055-7903(14)00195-X DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.05.026 Reference: YMPEV 4922 To appear in: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Received Date: 1 March 2014 Revised Date: 18 May 2014 Accepted Date: 21 May 2014 Please cite this article as: Arbabi, T., Gonzalez, J., Wink, M., A Re-evaluation of Phylogenetic Relationships within Reed Warblers (Aves: Acrocephalidae) Based on Eight Molecular Loci and ISSR Profiles, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2014), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.05.026 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1 A Re-evaluation of Phylogenetic Relationships within Reed 2 Warblers (Aves: Acrocephalidae) Based on Eight Molecular 3 Loci and ISSR Profiles 4 5 6 7 Tayebeh Arbabi, Javier Gonzalez, Michael Wink* 8 Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 9 Germany 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 * Corresponding author. Address: Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. 19 E-mail addresses: [email protected] (T.
    [Show full text]
  • Rejection Behavior by Common Cuckoo Hosts Towards Artificial Brood Parasite Eggs
    REJECTION BEHAVIOR BY COMMON CUCKOO HOSTS TOWARDS ARTIFICIAL BROOD PARASITE EGGS ARNE MOKSNES, EIVIN ROSKAFT, AND ANDERS T. BRAA Departmentof Zoology,University of Trondheim,N-7055 Dragvoll,Norway ABSTRACT.--Westudied the rejectionbehavior shown by differentNorwegian cuckoo hosts towardsartificial CommonCuckoo (Cuculus canorus) eggs. The hostswith the largestbills were graspejectors, those with medium-sizedbills were mostlypuncture ejectors, while those with the smallestbills generally desertedtheir nestswhen parasitizedexperimentally with an artificial egg. There were a few exceptionsto this general rule. Becausethe Common Cuckooand Brown-headedCowbird (Molothrus ater) lay eggsthat aresimilar in shape,volume, and eggshellthickness, and they parasitizenests of similarly sizedhost species,we support the punctureresistance hypothesis proposed to explain the adaptivevalue (or evolution)of strengthin cowbirdeggs. The primary assumptionand predictionof this hypothesisare that somehosts have bills too small to graspparasitic eggs and thereforemust puncture-eject them,and that smallerhosts do notadopt ejection behavior because of the heavycost involved in puncture-ejectingthe thick-shelledparasitic egg. We comparedour resultswith thosefor North AmericanBrown-headed Cowbird hosts and we found a significantlyhigher propor- tion of rejectersamong CommonCuckoo hosts with graspindices (i.e. bill length x bill breadth)of <200 mm2. Cuckoo hosts ejected parasitic eggs rather than acceptthem as cowbird hostsdid. Amongthe CommonCuckoo hosts, the costof acceptinga parasiticegg probably alwaysexceeds that of rejectionbecause cuckoo nestlings typically eject all hosteggs or nestlingsshortly after they hatch.Received 25 February1990, accepted 23 October1990. THEEGGS of many brood parasiteshave thick- nestseither by grasping the eggs or by punc- er shells than the eggs of other bird speciesof turing the eggs before removal. Rohwer and similar size (Lack 1968,Spaw and Rohwer 1987).
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers
    Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Brandan L. Gray August 2019 © 2019 Brandan L. Gray. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers by BRANDAN L. GRAY has been approved for the Department of Biological Sciences and the College of Arts and Sciences by Donald B. Miles Professor of Biological Sciences Florenz Plassmann Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT GRAY, BRANDAN L., Ph.D., August 2019, Biological Sciences Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers Director of Dissertation: Donald B. Miles In a rapidly changing world, species are faced with habitat alteration, changing climate and weather patterns, changing community interactions, novel resources, novel dangers, and a host of other natural and anthropogenic challenges. Conservationists endeavor to understand how changing ecology will impact local populations and local communities so efforts and funds can be allocated to those taxa/ecosystems exhibiting the greatest need. Ecological morphological and functional morphological research form the foundation of our understanding of selection-driven morphological evolution. Studies which identify and describe ecomorphological or functional morphological relationships will improve our fundamental understanding of how taxa respond to ecological selective pressures and will improve our ability to identify and conserve those aspects of nature unable to cope with rapid change. The New World wood warblers (family Parulidae) exhibit extensive taxonomic, behavioral, ecological, and morphological variation.
    [Show full text]