DOCSLIB.ORG

Brochure-Vivre-INUIT Web.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Brochure-Vivre-INUIT Web.Pdf kN[7usai6 LIVING IN NUNAVIK WNhZs2 ᓯᓚᑖᒍ5 ᐃᓅᓯ6 SO MUCH MORE THAN WORK ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᖑᑦᓱᓂ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ Living in Nunavik is a chance ᑯᐸᐃᒃᒥ ᐊᑐᓲᓯ ᐊᓯᐊᒍᑦ to venture off the beaten path in ᐱᐅᓯᖃᕆᐊᖃᕐᓇᑐᖅ, the wild heart of Quebec, discover ᐃᓗᕐᖁᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᖏᑦᑐᒥᒃ a new culture, participate in ᖃᐅᔨᕚᓪᓕᓇᕐᓱᓂ, the development of a community, ᓄᓇᓕᒻᒥᐅᓄᓪᓗ ᐃᓚᐅᖃᑦᑕᓱᓂ, reassess your values and savour ᐊᓐᓂᓇᕐᑐᖁᑎᒋᔭᓂᒃ an unforgettable personal ᑕᑯᑦᓯᐊᕚᓪᓗᓇᕐᓱᓂ and professional experience. ᐳᐃᒍᕐᓂᐊᕈᓐᓇᐃᑕᕆᔭᒥᓪᓗ ᐊᑑᑎᓐᓇᓱᓂ ᓇᒻᒥᓄᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᒐᕐᒧᓗ. kNᓕᓕᒫ5 TERRITORY4 ᐊᕙᑎᖓ ENVIRONMENT7 ᑕᐃ5hmiᑕᐃ5 HISTORY8 ᐃkᐃ5 THE11 INUIT kNᓖ5 COMMUNITIES14 ᑕ3ᕋu ᐃᓅᓯ6 SOCIAL18 LIFE W5ᔪᔭsᒍᑏ5 SERVICES21 ᐃᓅᓯ4f5 Wiᐊ3isᓯmᔪ5 LIFE EXPERIENCE22 kNᓕᓕᒫ5 TERRITORY ᓄᓇᕕᒃ %% ᐃᑳᖓᔫᑉ ᖁᓛᓃᑦᑐᖅ. ᓄᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᖓ Nunavik is located north of the 55th parallel. This glacier- ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᐊᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᓄᑦ, ᑕᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᓇᐹᕐᑐᖏᓪᓗ ^) carved region of tundra, lakes and boreal forest covers 60% Sn85 ᓗᐊᕆᔭᖓᓂ ᑯᐸᐃᒃᓕᒫᑉ ᐅᓖᒪᔪᑦ. ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᖃᕐᖄ- of Quebec’s landmass. Nunavik is home to the highest moun- ᔪᐊᖃᕐᑐᖅ ᐳᕐᑐᓂᕐᐹᒥᒃ ᑯᐸᐃᒃᓕᒫᒥ ᐊᑎᖓ vᐅ{[4 ᑑᕐᖓᐃᑦ tain in Quebec (Mt D’Iberville in the Torngat Mountains), the ᖃᖄᖏᓐᓂᑐᖅ, ᑕᕐᕋᒦᓐᓂᐸᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐸᐃᒃᒥ ᓄᓇᓕᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᐃᕗᔨᕕᒃ northernmost town in Quebec (Ivujivik) and one of the highest ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓚᖓ ᐅᓕᓪᓗᐊᑕᕐᓂᐸᐅᖃᑕᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᒥ G!& tides in the world (up to 17 metres). The climate and seasons ᒦᑦᑕᓂᒃH. ᓯᓚᖓ ᐄᒃᑮᓇᕐᓂᖓᓗ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᓯᑦᔨᑕᕐᑐᖅ. vary. The summer season is mild (12 ˚C on average) and the ᐅᐱᕐᖔᒥ ᐅᕐᖂᓂᖓ G!@° ᒥᑦᓵᓃᓲᖅH ᓯeᓂᕐᓗ iW9l- sun almost never sets. In the fall, the tundra is resplendent ᑐᕐᖃᔭᕋᓂ. ᐅrᐊᒥ, kNgw8N6 bfuN3gxl4 ᑕᐅᑦᑐᖓ with colour. The winter is long and cold (-24 ˚C on average), ᐊᓯᑦᔨᓕᕋᒥ. ᐅrᐅᖑᓲᖅ ᐊᑯᓂ ᐃᑦᔨᓕᓲᖑᑦᓱᓂᓗ G-@$ ᒥᑦᓵᓂ but much drier. Yet from late March to late June, spring sets ᐃᑦᔨᓕᓐᓂᖃᕐᓱᓂH, ᓴᓗᐊᖓᓂᕐᓴᐅᓱᓂ. ᒫᑦᔨᐅᑉ ᓈᓂᖓᓂ ᔫᓂᐅᑉ off a great natural rebirth. There is no road to Nunavik from ᓈᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᑎrᑦᓱᒍ, ᓯᓚᖓ ᐊᓯᑦᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓯᓲᖅ ᓄᓇᒥᓪᓗ the south: travellers arrive by air (First Air or Air Inuit). All ᐱᕈᕐᑐᐃᑦ ᐱᕈᕐᐸᓕᐊᓯᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒨᑐᓂᒃ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ communities have an airstrip. ᓄᓇᖓᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᖁᑎᖃ1ᖏᑐᖅ: ᑎrᓲᑦ ᖃᖓᑦᑕᔫᒃᑯᑦ rᓯᐊᓂ Gᕗᔅᑦ ᐃᐊ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᖓᑦᑕᔫᖏᑦH. ᐃᓘᓐᓇᑎᒃ The population ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᒥ{ᕕᓖᑦ. This country of wide open spaces and breathtaking beauty ᐃᓄᒋᐊᑦᑐᓂᖓ has just over 12,000 inhabitants. The population is divided into 14 villages, spread evenly between Ungava Bay and ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓄᓇ ᐊᖏᔪᕐᔪᐊᖑᑦᓱᓂ !@,))) ᑐᐃᓐᓇᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᓕᒃ. Hudson Bay. Only four communities have more than 1,000 ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓄᖏᑦ ᖁᓕᓪᓗ ᓯᑕᒪᓪᓗᓂ !$-ᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓃᑐᑦ, residents, including the regional capital of Kuujjuaq, with a ᐊᕕᑦᑐᓯᒪᑦᓯᐊᑐᓂ eᑎᕐᖃᖏᑦ ᐅᖓᕙᒦᑦᑐᑦ eᑎᕐᖃᖏᓪᓗ population of 2,375. ᑕᓯᐅᔭᕐᔪᐊᒦᑦᑎᓗᒋᑦ. ᓯᑕᒪᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ !,))) ᐅᖓᑖᓂ ᐃᓄᖃᕐᑐᑦ, ᓄᓇᕕᐅᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᓕᒻᒪᕆᖁᑎᖓᓂ ᑰᑦᔪᐊᒥ ᐃᓄᖏᑦ @,#&%-ᒦᑦᑎᓗᒋᑦ. 4 55° 5 ᐱᕈᕐᑐᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᖏᑑᒻᒥᔪᑦ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᒥ ᓇᐹᕐᑐᖃᖏᑐᒥ ᐱᕈᓲᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᓇᐹᕐᑐᓕᒻᒥ ᐱᕈᓲᑦ. Flora varies with the region’s biomes, from taiga to tundra. 6 ᐊᕙᑎᖓ ENVIRONMENT ᐱᕈᕐᑐᖏᑦ Flora ᐱᕈᕐᑐᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᖏᑑᒻᒥᔪᑦ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᒥ Nunavik’s flora varies with the region’s biomes, from taiga ᓇᐹᕐᑐᖃᖏᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᕈᓲᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᓇᐹᕐᑐᓕᒻᒥ ᐱᕈᓲᑦ. to tundra. Southerly cities like Kuujjuaraapik, Kuujjuaq and ᓯᕿᓂQᐊᖓᓂ ᑰᑦᔪᐊᕌᐱ7u, ᑰᑦᔪᐊᖅ ᐊ7ᒪᓗ ᑲᖏᕐᓱᐊᓗᑦᔪᐊᖅ Kangiqsualujjuaq are located on the edge of the treeline. Here ᓇᐹᑐᓕᐅᑉ rᓪᓕᖓᓃᑦᑐᑦ. ᓇᐹᕐᑐᖃᕐᓱᓂ ᐱᖏᕐᓂᒃ, ᐆᒻᒪᓂᒃ we find black spruce, tamarack and various species of shrubs. ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᑐᐃᓐᓇᓂᒃ ᐊᕚᓚeᐊᓂᒃ ᐅᕐᐱᓂᓪᓗ. ᑕᕐᕋᖓᓂ To the north lies the tundra, its vegetation composed almost ᓇᐹᕐᑐᖃᖏᑐᖅ, tzs/?9lgw8Nk5 ᐱᕈᕐᕕᐅᓲᖑᑦᓱᓂ. entirely of lichens. Despite the apparent scarcity of plant life, ᐱᕈᕐᕕᐅᓯᐊᖃᔭᖏvᓗᐊᕐᓱᓂ ᐊᒥᓱᒍᓗᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᖏᑐᓄᑦ there is a wide variety of flowers and small edible fruits that can ᑕᑯᒥᓇᕐᑐᓄᑦ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᖃᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅrᐊᖑᓕᕐᒪᑦ be harvested in the fall. ᓄᓂᕚᑦᓴᖃᓲᖑᑦᓱᓂ ᓂᕆᔭᐅᒍᓐᓇᑐᓂᒃ. Fauna ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ The region is rich with wildlife. Traditional food is key to the ᓄᓇᕕᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕐᔪᐊᖅ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓂeᑐᐃᓐᓇᓂᒃ ᒪrᑕᒍᑎᖃᓲᑦ, ᐊᐃᕕᕐᓂᒃ, eᓚᓗᒐᕐᓂᒃ, ᐳᐃᔨᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᖃᓗᓐᓂᒃ, Inuit economy and lifestyle, with walruses, beluga whales, ᐃᖃᓗᑉᐱᓂᓪᓗ ᓂᕿᖃᓪᓚᕆᑦᓱᑎᒃ. ᐅu7ᒪᐃᑦ !(^) ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ seals and fish, such as the Arctic char, playing an important ᐊᑐᕐᑎᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒨᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ. ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᖃᓄᐃᓐᓂᖓᑕ role. Muskox was successfully introduced in the 1960s. The ᐊᓯᑦᔨᑕᕐᓂᑯᖓᓄᑦ ᓯᕕrᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐅᐱᕐᖔᖃᕐᓱᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ harsh seasonal variations, from short summer to cold winter, ᐃᑦᔨᓕᕐᓯᑎᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᐅrᐅᒥ, ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᓲᖑᒻᒥᔪᑦ force Nunavik’s animals to adapt to nature, creating one of the ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᑦᔨᑕᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ, ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᓅᖃᑦᑕᓲᖑᑦᓱᑎᒃ. most impressive migrations in the animal kingdom. 7 ᑕᐃ5hmiᑕᐃ5 HISTORY kᓇ[ᒃ ᐃkc3ymJ6 ᐊfii3JxÇl4 $ uoᓂᐊ ᐅᖓᑖᓂ Nunavik was inhabited for more than four millennia by Paleo- ᐊᕐᕌᒍᕐᓂᒃ ᐃkᑐᐃᓐᓇᓂᒃ ᐃᑳᓚᐅᕐᑐ[ᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᐊᓛᔅᑲᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᐃᓴuᑦ Eskimo peoples, who crossed the Bering Strait from Asia. ᐱᑦᓱᑎᒃ. ᓯᕗᓪoᐹᑦ uoᓂᐊ7 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᐊᑐᕐᑎᓗQᑦ ᓱo ᔩᓱᓯ At the turn of the first millennium AD, the first Thule sites ᐃᓅᓕᓚᐅᕐᑎᓇᒍ, ᑑᓪᓖᑦ ᐃᓄᕐᖄᕕᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐸᓕᕐᑐᕕᓃᑦ appeared in Nunavik. The Thule — the ancestors of the ᐃᓂᕕᓂᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᔪᑦ. ᑑᓪᓖᑦ - ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐃᓅᓕᕐᑐᐃᑦ modern Inuit — came from the northwest of Canada. The ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕕᓂᖏᑦ - vᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑕᕐᕋᖓᓂ ᐅᐊᓕᓂᖓᓂ ᐱᓯᒪᔪᑦ. establishment of European trading posts in the eighteenth century brought about drastic and irreversible change. The In- ᑕᐅᕐᓰᑕᕐᕖᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂuᐅkᑦ ᐱQᐊᕐᑎᑕᐅoᕐᓂuᔪᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ uit remained nomadic before moving towards a settled life only !*)) ᐊᑐoᕐᑎᓗQᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᕐuᒃ ᐊᓯᑦᔩᓂᐊoᕐᓱᑎᒃ. ᐃkᐃᑦ two generations ago. In 1975, the Inuit signed the James Bay ᐊᓯᕙᕐᑕᑎᐅᖏᓐᓇᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᐅᓕᕐᑐᓄᑦ ᐃᓂᓪᓚᓚᕆᓚᐅᕋᑎᒃ. and Northern Quebec Agreement. This treaty provides a legal ᒫᓐᓇᖃᒻᒥᐅᓂᕐᓴᖅ, !(&%-ᖑᓕᕐᑎᓗᒍ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑎᓕᐅᓚᐅᔪᔪᑦ framework for relations between indigenous groups and the ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᐸᐃᑉ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑯᐸᐃᑉ ᑕᕐᕋᖓᑕ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᖓᓂᒃ. two levels of government. It also led to the creation of several ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᖁᔭᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᓕᑕᕆᔭᐅᓂᖃᕐᓱᓂ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ administrative entities, real governmental structures that have ᒪᕐᕈᐃᓄᓪᓗ vᕙᒫᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᕐᕐᑯᑎᒋᔭᐅᓲᖑᕗᖅ ᐱᓂᐊᕐᓂᐅᔪᓄᑦ. allowed the Inuit to establish their own priorities in key areas of ᓄᐃᑦᓯᒍᑕᐅᓯᒪᑦᓱᓂᓗ ᑎᒥᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᒍᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ community development. These entities are the Kativik Regional ᓇᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᓂᕆᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ, vᕙᒪᐃᑦ ᐋᕐeᓯᒪᐅᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ Government, the Kativik School Board and the Nunavik Regional ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᒍᓯᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐸᐅᑎᒍᒪᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐸᐅᑦᓯᒍᑎᒋᑦᓱᒍ Board of Health and Social Services. ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᑕᐅᓂᕆᒋᐊᓕᖏᑦ ᐱᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑎᒥᐅᔪᑦ vᑎᕕᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᓕᒫᑦ vᕙᒪᖓ, vᑎᕕᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᓂᓕᕆᓂᖅ The Inukshuk, a timeless messenger ᐊ7ᒪᓗ kᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓂoᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃkoᕆᓂᕐᒧᓗ ᑲᑎᖓᔩᑦ. For centuries, towering stone statues of human forms have ᐃᓄᒃᓱᒃ: bᐃᒪ1ᖓᓂ6 ᑐᑭᓯᒪᒍbᐅᔪ6 marked the treeless horizon. We call these stone men “Inuk- shuk.” They are symbols of Inuit culture, timeless messen- ᐊuᓱᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᕐᓂᒃ ᐅᔭᕋᐃᑦ ᖃoᕇᑦᑐoᐊᖑᒪᔪᑦ gers offering directions or marking good hunting and fishing ᐃᓄ1ᖑᐊᖑᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᓕᕐᖁᑦ ᓇᐹᕐᑐᖃᖏᑐᒥ grounds. When the Inuit lived in semi-permanent camps, they ᐅᖓᓯᑦᑐᐊᓗᒻᒦᒐᓗᐊᕋᒥᒃ. ᑕᐃᔭᐅᑦᔪᑎᖃᕐᑐᑦ ‘ᐃᓄᒃᓱᐃᑦ‘. were used for storing meat out of reach of animals. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓗᕐᖁᓯᖓᓂᒃ ᓄᐃᑕᑎᑦᓯᒍᑕᐅᔪᑦ, ᐊᑯᓂᕐᔪᐊᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᓃᒪᖓᑕ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓯᐅᕕᑦᓯᐊᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᑦᓯ- ᐅᕕᑦᓯᐊᓗ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓱᓕ ᒪᖃᐃ{ᕕᒥᓂᒥᐅᖑᓲᖑᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᓂeᒃᑯᕕᒋᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᑕᐅᓂᐅᔭᖏᑐᓂ. 8 9 10 ᐃkᐃ5 THE INUIT ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᐊᑎᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᓱvᑦᑐᔪᐊᒥᒃ ᐃᓅᓯᖓ ᓱᕐᕋᑕᐅᓂᖃᕐᓯᒪᕗᖅ, ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂᒥᐅᕈᕐᐸᓕᐊᓯᑦᓱᑎᒃ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᖑᐸᓪᓕᐊᖏᓐᓇᓕᒫᕐᑐᑦ, ᐊᒥᓲᓂᕐᐸᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᐃᑦ - ^) ᐳᓴᓐᑦᓗᐊᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ @% ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅrᐅᓖᑦ, ᒪᕐᕈᕕᑦᑕᓗᐊᕆᔭᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒃᑯᐊᖃᑎᒥᓄᑦ ᑯᐸᐃᑉ ᓯeᓂᖓᓃᑦᑐᓄᑦ. kᓇᖓ ᐊᖏᔪᕐᔪᐊᕌᓘ7ᒪᑦ ᐅᐱᓐᓇᕋᑎᒃ ᐅᖓᓯᑦᑕᕇᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ. ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᒐᖃᕐᓂᑯᓪᓗ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᑦ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑯᓂᕐᔪᐊᓂᖅ ᐃᓅᔪᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᒍᑎᖃᓲᖑᑦᓱᑎᓪᓗ ᐃᓗᕐᖁᓯᒥᓂᒃ ᓄᐃᑕᑎᑦᓯᓯᐊᕐᓂᒥᓂᒃ ᑐᖓᓇᕐᓱᑎᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᑦᓯᐊᖑᓂᕐᒥᓄᓪᓗ. ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐃᓅᓯᐅᓕᕐᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑑᑎᓕᕋᓗᐊᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᐊᑎᒻᒪᕆᐅᖏᓐᓇᑐᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᓐᓂᐊᑎᐅᑦᓱᑎᓪᓗ, ᓄᓇᒥᓂᒃ ᐃᑉᐱᒋᔭᖃᑦᓯᐊᑐᐊᓘᒐᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᒃ ᓇᔪᕐᑕᒥᓂᒃ As their hunter-gatherer society was subjected to massive ᐆᒪᔪᖏᓐᓂᓗ ᓇᔪᕐᓯᓯᐊᕐᑐᑦ. and rapid change, the Inuit gradually settled. The population is experiencing sustained growth, consisting mainly of young ᑐᑭᖓ people — 60% of Inuit are under 25, double the correspon- ding figure in southern Quebec. The sheer size of the region ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖅ ᑐrᓕᒃ ‘ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᔪᑦ’. ᐊᓪᓚᑕᐅᒍᓯᖓ means that they are widely dispersed. Educational attainment ‘ᐃᓄ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᑦ’ vᑎᓕᕋᒥᒃ ᑐrᖓ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ. and employability are steadily increasing. The Inuit are an ancient people, known for their rich culture and warm hospita- lity. Although their modern lifestyle is more diverse, they are still closely linked to hunting and fishing. A strong envi- ronmental consciousness means that the Inuit still live in harmony with nature. Signification In Inuktitut, the word Inuit means “the people.” It is a combina- tion of “inu” and “it,” which represent the concepts of “human being” and “many.” 11 ᑕmᒡᒌi6 ᐃᓅᓰᓐi4 THE BEST OF TWO WORLDS ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂᒥᐅᖑᑦᓱᓂ Living in the North is a way ᐃᓅᓯᐅᑉ ᖃᐅᔨᒪ÷ᕆᔭᐅᑉ to experience a completely ᐊᓯᐊᓂᒃ ᐊᑑᑎᓐᓇᑐᖅ different world without leaving vᓇᑕᒦᖏᓐᓇᕋᓗᐊᕐᓱᓂ. Canada. You start to feel ᐅᐃᒻᒪᓴvᕐᓇᑐᒦᓕᓂᐅᑦᓱᓂ the stress of urban life slipping ᐊᓂᕐᓵᓯᐊᕐᓇᑑ÷ᕐᑐᖅ, away, as though you’re reclaiming ᐱᓇᓱᒋᐊᕐᑐᓵᕋᓱᑦᓱᓂ the time you lost commuting ᐅᑎᒧᓪᓗ ᐅᐃᒪᓇᕐᑐᕕᓂᖅ back and forth to work. ᐊᓯᐅᑦᓯᐊᑎᓪᓗᒍ. 12 13 kNᓖ5 COMMUNITIES ᐅᖓᕙ Ungava Bay ◊ ᑲᖏ3hᐊᓗ5ᔪᐊ6: vq3h4 ᐊᖏᔪXs÷ᓗ4 ◊ KANGIQSUALUJJUAQ (Very large bay) ᐃᓄᖏᑦ: 874 Population : 874 ᑕᑯᒥᓇᕐᑐᖁᑎᖏᑦ: ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᒃ ᑰᕈᕐᔪᐊᖅ, ᖃᕐᖃᖅ vᐅ{[4 Attractions: Parc national Kuururjuaq, Mt D’Iberville (1646 m), ᐳᕐᑐᓂᓕᒃ !^$^ ᒥᑕᓂᒃ, ᐊᓪᓗᕆᓕᒃ, vᖏᕐᓱᐊᓗᑦᔪᐊᑉ Alluviaq Fjord, George River, Helen’s Falls, excellent fishing ᑰᖓ, n3?ᑲᓪᓚᒃ, ᐃᖃᓗᓐᓂᐊ[ᑦᓯᐊᕌᓗᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᓪᓗ and wildlife watching. ᑕᑯᓐᓇᐅ÷ᕐᕕᓯᐊᖑᑦᓱᓂ. ◊ KUUJJUAQ (Great river) ◊ ᑰ5ᔪᐊ6: ᑰ4ᔪᐊ6 Population : 2,375 ᐃᓄᖏᑦ: 2,375 Attractions: Capital of Nunavik, administrative and com- ᑕᑯᒥᓇᕐᑐᖁᑎᖏᑦ: kN[7u g5b[4, xsM5y[4 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ mercial centre, old military base, Atlantic salmon fishing, is[3ix[o4 ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕐᓗ ᐱᓇᓱᒐᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐱᒍᑦᔨᕕ- caribou hunting. ᖃᕐᓱᓂ, ᐊᒥᐅᔨvᐃᑦ sNb3tq8k5 ᐃᓂᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᖅ, ᓵᒪᓐᓂᐊᕕᓕᒃ ᑐᑦᑐᓂᐊᕐᕕᓕᒃ. ◊ TASIUJAQ (Which resembles a lake) Population : 248 ◊ ᑕᓯsᔭ6: ᑕᓯ3ᔪ÷3g6 ᐃᓄᖏᑦ: 248 Attractions: World record tides, the world’s largest herd of hoofed animals (caribou), internationally renowned Arctic ᑕᑯᒥᓇᕐᑐᖁᑎᖏᑦ: yM3Jxoᒫᒥ ᐅᓕᑦᑕᓗᐊᕐᓂᐸᐅᖃᑕᐅᔪᖅ, char fishing. ᐊᒥᓲᓂᕐᐹᓂ ᑐᑦᑐᖁᑎᓕᒃ, ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᖃᐅᔨᒻᒫᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᖃᓗᑉᐱᓂᐊᕐᕕᓯᐊᖑᒋᐊᖓ. ◊ AUPALUK (Where the earth is red) Population : 195 ◊ ᐊsXᓗ4: kNᖓ ᐊsXᓗ5ᑕ4 ᐃᓄᖏᑦ:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Parc Des Pingualuit
    PAP_etat.qxd 9/7/01 8:53 AM Page 3 Status Report Parc des Pingualuit Société de la faune et des parcs du Québec Acknowledgements I am grateful to everyone who contributed to this report in any way. I would especially like to thank the following people: Parc des Pingualuit Working Group Vicky Gordon Willie Adams Michael Barrett Michel Damphousse Charlie Ulaku Community of Kangiqsujuaq Ulaayu Pilurtuut Arngak Charlie Arngak Betsy Etidloe Papikatuk Sakiagak Société de la faune et des parcs du Québec Marthe Laflamme Serge Alain Jean Boisclair Stéphane Cossette Jean Gagnon Gilles Harvey André Lafrenière Louis Lefebvre André Rancourt Jacques Talbot Denis Vandal Raymonde Pomerleau Project Coordinator, Parc des Pingualuit Acknowledgements I Table of contents List of maps, tables, and figures V List of maps V List of tables V List of figures VI Introduction VII Regional Context 1 Northern Québec 1 Demography 1 Territorial access and transportation 5 Local administration 6 Economic activity 8 Tourism development 9 Northern Village of Kangiqsujuaq 10 Population and services 10 Economic activity 10 Access 10 Land regime 15 Study Area 17 Climatic conditions 17 Temperature 18 Frost–free season 18 Precipitation 18 Day length 33 Ice formation and break-up on lakes and rivers 33 Biophysical resources 33 Relief and slopes 33 Geology 34 Origin of the crater 41 Geomorphology 42 The Pleistocence 42 The Holocene 51 Deposits 59 Hydrography 63 Vegetation 68 Fauna 75 Special features 89 Table of contents III Archaeological and historical resources 89 Archaeology
    [Show full text]
  • Salluit Program Reviews the Alternative Airstrip And, It Provides a Description of the Project Plans
    FINAL REPORT SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE NORTHERN AIRPORTS INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM: SALLUIT Prepared by MAKI VIK RESEARCH DEPARTMENT CANQ LPe TR société Makivik corporation GE cî EN 537 , b111bilSTÈRE. DES TRANSPORTS , N'TRE DE DOCrEe'ik R E C j ÉQUL. RENÉ-LêvË'eptle CE1TR1 DE DelMENTATtON 21,e'eAPE QUÉEWC. fQUÉBEC)- CANADA, . JUR_ 17 1985 G1R5H1 ‘RAMSPORTS QUÉBEC FINAL REPORT SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE NORTHERN AIRPORTS INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM: SALLUIT Prepared by: MAKIVIK RESEARCH DEPARTMENT William B. Kemp Submitted to: LE SERVICE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT MINISTÈRE DES TRANSPORTS GOUVERNEMENT DU QUÉBEC February 10, 1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PART I - BACKGROUND AND PERSPECTIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND THE SALLUIT STUDY 1 1.1 Justification for a New Airstrip 2 1.2 The Impact of Study 5 1.2.1 The Approach for Field Work 7 1.2.2 Schedule of Events 10 INUIT PERCEPTION OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND PLANNING 11 2.1 General Principles of Inuit Involvement 11 2.2 An Overview of the Inuit Perspective 12 2.3 The Ivujivik Project 16 2.3.1 The Council Viewpoint 17 2.3.2 Dynamiting Problems 18 2.3.3 The Land After Construction 18 2.3.4 The Council Viewpoint on Employment 18 2.3.5 Other Problems of Employment 19 2.3.6 Concern with Shipping of Crushed Rock 20 2.3.7 Food and Co-op 20 2.3.8 Selection of Contractors 20 2.3.9 Bothering the Municipal Council 21 2.3.10 Equipment Breakdowns and Borrowing 21 PART II THE NORTHERN AIRSTRIP PROGRAM 22 3.1 Project Justification 22 3.2 The
    [Show full text]
  • Presentation for Madhu's Class
    Inuit Health + Circumpolar Health Andrew Bresnahan MD, MSc, MPH, FRCGS November 2019 PPHS 511: McGill University, Dr. Madhu Pai Fundamentals of Global Health • Interactive • history of global health • global health governance • global burden of disease • global health ethics, • global health diplomacy and advocacy. Learning Objectives • Who? ᑭᓇ Terminology, positionality, ethics • Where? ᓇᒥ Considering the spatial + social • When? ᖃᖓ Historic origins of social determinants of health • What? ᓱᓇ Inuit governance + Inuit health • How? ᖃᓄᖅ Decolonizing practice + ᑭᓇ Who? + ᓱᓇ What? • Terminology • Health equity in Inuit Nunangat and Canada • Positionality • Case studies: • Ethics • Infectious disease: Tuberculosis • Non-communicable disease: Diabetes + ᓇᒥ Where? • Mental health: Suicide • Considering the spatial + social + ᖃᓄᖅ How? • Inuit governance (cf. global health ᖃᖓ governance) + When? • Inuit democracy • Arctic migrations, Inuit odyssey • Inuit-Crown relationship • Colonization and decolonization • Ethical practice It's one thing to say, “Hey, we're on the territory of Anishinaabek and the Haudenosaunee.” It's another thing to say, "We're on the territory of the Anishinaabek and the Haudenosaunee and here's what that compels me to do.” Hayden King yellowheadinstitute.org @yellowhead “I want to start by discussing something that I think a lot about. This is a traditional practice that I want to follow, that Inuit elders from across Inuit Nunangat have stressed. You speak about what you have experienced, and you don’t speak about what you have not seen or experienced. And that’s a really challenging thing to follow.” Natan Obed Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami itk.ca ᑭᓇ Who? “How to talk about Indigenous people” Simple Rules: 1. Be as specific as possible.
    [Show full text]
  • NUNAVIK Demographic and Socioeconomic Conditions - 2011 - Author Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services
    Health Profile of NUNAVIK Demographic and Socioeconomic Conditions - 2011 - Author Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services With the collaboration of Institut national de santé publique du Québec Under the scientific coordination of Serge Déry, Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services Jérôme Martinez, Institut national de santé publique du Québec Research and writing Karine Garneau, Institut national de santé publique du Québec Hamado Zoungrana, Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services Page Layout Hélène Fillion, Institut national de santé publique du Québec Graphics Point l’Agence Suggested Citation Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services with the collaboration of Institut national de santé publique du Québec (2011). Health Profile of Nunavik 2011 : Demographic and Socioeconomic Conditions, Government of Québec, 32 pages and appendices. This document is available in its entirety in electronic format (PDF) on Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services Web site at: www.rrsss17.gouv.qc.ca and the Institut national de santé publique du Québec Web site at: www.inspq.qc.ca. Reproductions for private study or research purposes are authorized by virture of Article 29 of the Copyright Act. Any other use must be authorized by the Government of Québec, which holds the exclusive intellectual property rights for this document. Authorization may be obtained by submitting a written request to Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, P.O. Box 900, Kuujjuaq (Québec) J0M 1C0 or by e-mail: [email protected]. Information contained in the document may be cited provided that the source is mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • Québec Policy on the Arctic: Challenges and Perspectives
    Fall 2015, Issue 1 ISSN 2470-3966 Arctic and International Relations Series Québec Policy on the Arctic: Challenges and Perspectives Canadian Studies Center Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies University of Washington, Seattle Contents PREFACE / PRÉFACE pg. 5 INTRODUCTION pg. 9 Development of a Québec Arctic Policy in Partnership with the Inuit of Nunavik pg. 9 Nadine C. Fabbi and Vincent F. Gallucci PART I: QUÉBEC–NUNAVIK RELATIONS IN DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT pg. 13 Federated States in Circumpolar Affairs: A Northern Dimension to Québec’s International Policy? pg. 14 Joël Plouffe Arctic Québec, Geopolitics, and the Arctic Council pg. 18 Robert Bone Nunavik and the Evolution of Inuit Self-Government in Canada and the Circumpolar North pg. 22 Gary N. Wilson PART II: INUIT POLICY pg. 27 Servir les Nunavimmiuts : des politiques et programmes mieux adaptés à la réalité du Nunavik pg. 28 Thierry Rodon Serving Nunavimmiut: Policies and Programs Adapted to the Reality of Nunavik pg. 32 Thierry Rodon Heading South: Bringing Urban Inuit Migration into Northern Policy Debates pg. 35 Mark K. Watson PART III: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ISSUES pg. 39 Stewardship and Sustainable Northern Development in the Context of Overlapping Land Claims Agreements in South-East Hudson Bay pg. 40 Joel P. Heath and Lucassie Arragutainaq Inuit Language Policy and Education and the Plan Nord: Situating Inuit Policy for Inuit Futures pg. 46 Donna Patrick Ensuring Country Food Access for a Food Secure Future in Nunavik pg. 50 Elspeth Ready Changing Contexts and Roles of Regional Public Health Knowledge and Surveys in Nunavik pg. 55 Christopher Fletcher Teen Pregnancy in Nunavik: More Nuance, Less Stigma pg.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Skytrails: Perspectives on the Royal Canadian Air Force in the Arctic from the Pages of the Roundel, 1949-65 Richard Goette and P
    Documents on Canadian Arctic Sovereignty and Security Northern Skytrails Perspectives on the Royal Canadian Air Force in the Arctic from the Pages of The Roundel, 1949-65 Richard Goette and P. Whitney Lackenbauer Documents on Canadian Arctic Sovereignty and Security (DCASS) ISSN 2368-4569 Series Editors: P. Whitney Lackenbauer Adam Lajeunesse Managing Editor: Ryan Dean Northern Skytrails: Perspectives on the Royal Canadian Air Force in the Arctic from the Pages of The Roundel, 1949-65 Richard Goette and P. Whitney Lackenbauer DCASS Number 10, 2017 Cover: The Roundel, vol. 1, no.1 (November 1948), front cover. Back cover: The Roundel, vol. 10, no.3 (April 1958), front cover. Centre for Military, Security and Centre on Foreign Policy and Federalism Strategic Studies St. Jerome’s University University of Calgary 290 Westmount Road N. 2500 University Dr. N.W. Waterloo, ON N2L 3G3 Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Tel: 519.884.8110 ext. 28233 Tel: 403.220.4030 www.sju.ca/cfpf www.cmss.ucalgary.ca Arctic Institute of North America University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW, ES-1040 Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Tel: 403-220-7515 http://arctic.ucalgary.ca/ Copyright © the authors/editors, 2017 Permission policies are outlined on our website http://cmss.ucalgary.ca/research/arctic-document-series Northern Skytrails: Perspectives on the Royal Canadian Air Force in the Arctic from the Pages of The Roundel, 1949-65 Richard Goette, Ph.D. and P. Whitney Lackenbauer, Ph.D. Table of Contents Preface: Pioneers of the North (by Wing Commander J. G. Showler) .................... vi Foreword (by Colonel Kelvin P. Truss) ...................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Polar Continental Shelf Program Science Report 2019: Logistical Support for Leading-Edge Scientific Research in Canada and Its Arctic
    Polar Continental Shelf Program SCIENCE REPORT 2019 LOGISTICAL SUPPORT FOR LEADING-EDGE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN CANADA AND ITS ARCTIC Polar Continental Shelf Program SCIENCE REPORT 2019 Logistical support for leading-edge scientific research in Canada and its Arctic Polar Continental Shelf Program Science Report 2019: Logistical support for leading-edge scientific research in Canada and its Arctic Contact information Polar Continental Shelf Program Natural Resources Canada 2464 Sheffield Road Ottawa ON K1B 4E5 Canada Tel.: 613-998-8145 Email: [email protected] Website: pcsp.nrcan.gc.ca Cover photographs: (Top) Ready to start fieldwork on Ward Hunt Island in Quttinirpaaq National Park, Nunavut (Bottom) Heading back to camp after a day of sampling in the Qarlikturvik Valley on Bylot Island, Nunavut Photograph contributors (alphabetically) Dan Anthon, Royal Roads University: page 8 (bottom) Lisa Hodgetts, University of Western Ontario: pages 34 (bottom) and 62 Justine E. Benjamin: pages 28 and 29 Scott Lamoureux, Queen’s University: page 17 Joël Bêty, Université du Québec à Rimouski: page 18 (top and bottom) Janice Lang, DRDC/DND: pages 40 and 41 (top and bottom) Maya Bhatia, University of Alberta: pages 14, 49 and 60 Jason Lau, University of Western Ontario: page 34 (top) Canadian Forces Combat Camera, Department of National Defence: page 13 Cyrielle Laurent, Yukon Research Centre: page 48 Hsin Cynthia Chiang, McGill University: pages 2, 8 (background), 9 (top Tanya Lemieux, Natural Resources Canada: page 9 (bottom
    [Show full text]
  • CWB – Inuit Communities 2
    Report on trends in Inuit communities, 1981 to 2016 Date Released: 2019-05-22 Date modified: 2019-11-12 CWB – Inuit Communities 2 Executive summary The Community Well-Being (CWB) index is a means of measuring socio-economic well- being for individual communities across Canada. The index is comprised of 4 components (education, labour force activity, income and housing), which are combined to provide each community with a well-being "score." These scores are used here to compare well- being across Inuit communities with the well-being of non-Indigenous communities. Since CWB methodology is based on community-level data, well-being scores are not calculated for the Métis population. Currently, CWB scores for First Nations, Inuit and non-Indigenous communities are calculated using the Statistics Canada geographic unit of a Census Subdivision. Each First Nation or Inuit community is designated by one or more Census Subdivisions. However, the CWB does not create a score for Métis communities as there are only 8 Métis-designated settlement areas in Alberta; a smaller level of geography than CSDs. CWB index scores were calculated for 1981, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2016 based on Canada's Census of Population. Scores for 2011 have been calculated based on the 2011 National Household Survey. Throughout this document, the term 'Censuses of Canada, 1981 to 2016' is meant to include the 1981 to 2006 censuses, the 2011 National Household Survey and the 2016 Census of Canada. Key findings The average CWB score for Inuit communities increased over the 35-year span, with the largest gains seen before 2001.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada's Arctic Marine Atlas
    Lincoln Sea Hall Basin MARINE ATLAS ARCTIC CANADA’S GREENLAND Ellesmere Island Kane Basin Nares Strait N nd ansen Sou s d Axel n Sve Heiberg rdr a up Island l Ch ann North CANADA’S s el I Pea Water ry Ch a h nnel Massey t Sou Baffin e Amund nd ISR Boundary b Ringnes Bay Ellef Norwegian Coburg Island Grise Fiord a Ringnes Bay Island ARCTIC MARINE z Island EEZ Boundary Prince i Borden ARCTIC l Island Gustaf E Adolf Sea Maclea Jones n Str OCEAN n ait Sound ATLANTIC e Mackenzie Pe Ball nn antyn King Island y S e trait e S u trait it Devon Wel ATLAS Stra OCEAN Q Prince l Island Clyde River Queens in Bylot Patrick Hazen Byam gt Channel o Island Martin n Island Ch tr. Channel an Pond Inlet S Bathurst nel Qikiqtarjuaq liam A Island Eclipse ust Lancaster Sound in Cornwallis Sound Hecla Ch Fitzwil Island and an Griper nel ait Bay r Resolute t Melville Barrow Strait Arctic Bay S et P l Island r i Kel l n e c n e n Somerset Pangnirtung EEZ Boundary a R M'Clure Strait h Island e C g Baffin Island Brodeur y e r r n Peninsula t a P I Cumberland n Peel Sound l e Sound Viscount Stefansson t Melville Island Sound Prince Labrador of Wales Igloolik Prince Sea it Island Charles ra Hadley Bay Banks St s Island le a Island W Hall Beach f Beaufort o M'Clintock Gulf of Iqaluit e c n Frobisher Bay i Channel Resolution r Boothia Boothia Sea P Island Sachs Franklin Peninsula Committee Foxe Harbour Strait Bay Melville Peninsula Basin Kimmirut Taloyoak N UNAT Minto Inlet Victoria SIA VUT Makkovik Ulukhaktok Kugaaruk Foxe Island Hopedale Liverpool Amundsen Victoria King
    [Show full text]
  • Inuit, Métis and First Nations, 2006 Census Aboriginal Peoples, 2006 Census
    Catalogue no. 97-558-XIE Aboriginal Peoples in Canada in 2006: Inuit, Métis and First Nations, 2006 Census Aboriginal Peoples, 2006 Census Census year 2006 Statistics Statistique Canada Canada How to obtain more information Specifi c inquiries about this product and related statistics or services should be directed to the National Contact Centre. For information on the wide range of data available from Statistics Canada, you can contact us by calling one of our toll-free numbers. You can also contact us by e-mail or by visiting our website at www.statcan.ca. National inquiries line 1-800-263-1136 National telecommunications device for the hearing impaired 1-800-363-7629 Depository Services Program inquiries 1-800-700-1033 Fax line for Depository Services Program 1-800-889-9734 E-mail inquiries [email protected] Website www.statcan.ca Information to access the product This product, catalogue no. 97-558-XIE, is available for free in electronic format. To obtain a single issue, visit our website at www.statcan.ca and select Publications. Standards of service to the public Statistics Canada is committed to serving its clients in a prompt, reliable and courteous manner. To this end, the Agency has developed standards of service which its employees observe in serving its clients. To obtain a copy of these service standards, please contact Statistics Canada toll free at 1-800-263-1136. The service standards are also published on www.statcan.ca under About us > Providing services to Canadians. Statistics Canada Aboriginal Peoples in Canada in 2006: Inuit, Métis and First Nations, 2006 Census Aboriginal Peoples, 2006 Census Census year 2006 Published by authority of the Minister responsible for Statistics Canada © Minister of Industry, 2008 All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • THE Nunavik INUIT
    THE NUNAVIK INUIT POPULATION AND TERRITORY THE DEVELOPMENT OF NUNAVIK SINCE 1975 AND MAJOR CURRENT ISSUES • In Québec, the Inuit reside in Nunavik, a semi-arctic and arctic region th located north of the 55 parallel. • In 1975, the Inuit, the Cree, Québec and the federal government concluded the James Bay and Northern Québec Agreement (JBNQA). - Over the last three centuries, contacts between Europe and Nunavik were largely maintained by Anglican missionaries, fur traders and the - For a quarter of a century after this, JBNQA shaped the political, Hudson Bay Company. economic, social, legal and institutional world of Northern Québec. - The Inuit were a nomadic people. They adopted a settled lifestyle at • For the Inuit, economic development, preservation of their culture and the beginning of the Fifties. language, improvement of public health and education, elimination of social problems (violence, alcohol and drugs, etc.) and the establishment 2 • An immense territory of approximately 500,000 km of a justice administration appropriate to the community represent the (one-third of Québec), Nunavik has a population of about 11,000, major long-term issues. of whom 10,000 are Inuit. • The first schools were established during the Fifties. Since the end of the - The population of Nunavik is young: 60% is under the age of 25, i.e. Seventies, the educational system has come under Québec’s jurisdiction twice the proportion in Southern Québec. and was placed under the purview of the Kativik School Board. - They live in 14 villages of between 150 to 1,800 residents. These - Inuit language and culture are taught throughout the elementary and villages are located along Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay.
    [Show full text]
  • The Architecture of the Western Canadian Fur Trade: a Cultural-Historical Perspective
    The Architecture of the Western Canadian Fur Trade: A Cultural-Historical Perspective flenry Glassie, in a classic study of Middle Virginia folk housing, wrote: Any artifact that can be provided with association in space and time, either by being accompanied by a document or better-as with gravestones or buildings- by being set into the land, is a valuable source of a great quantity of information.1 There is in architecture a set of complex cultural meanings, or "informa­ tion." Humans use architecture to cope with their environment and their economies, and to support their traditions and beliefs. It also influences people's perception of their physical and social environment. Western Canadian fur trade architecture, which forms the basis of this study, contains information about an early Canadian way of life. Its raw simplicity is a statement about the harsh conditions of the early western Canadian frontier. But fur trade architecture changed through time and space, and was linked to variable economic or social conditions in the fur trade. It is a measure of cultural change, and this truly makes it a valuable source of information about the past. In this study I assess fur trade architecture in western Canada from about 1780 to 1900. First, the basic elements of fur trade architecture are summarized. Next, how those architectural elements are related to the economics and organization of the fur trade are reviewed. Finally, the relationship between architectural elements and the regional and cor­ porate structure of the fur trade are explored. In particular, I examine how and why fur trade architecture is related to regional and occupational inequality.
    [Show full text]