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The Dietary Preferences, Depth Range and Size of the Crown of Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster Spp.) on the Coral Reefs of Koh Tao, Thailand by Leon B
The dietary preferences, depth range and size of the Crown of Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster spp.) on the coral reefs of Koh Tao, Thailand By Leon B. Haines Author: Leon Haines 940205001 Supervisors: New Heaven Reef Conservation Program: Chad Scott Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences: Peter Hofman 29/09/2015 The dietary preferences, depth range and size of the Crown of Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster spp.) on the coral reefs of Koh Tao, Thailand Author: Leon Haines 940205001 Supervisors: New Heaven Reef Conservation Program: Chad Scott Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences: Peter Hofman 29/09/2015 Cover image:(NHRCP, 2015) 2 Preface This paper is written in light of my 3rd year project based internship of Integrated Coastal Zone management major marine biology at the Van Hall Larenstein University of applied science. My internship took place at the New Heaven Reef Conservation Program on the island of Koh Tao, Thailand. During my internship I performed a study on the corallivorous Crown of Thorns starfish, which is threatening the coral reefs of Koh Tao due to high density ‘outbreaks’. Understanding the biology of this threat is vital for developing effective conservation strategies to protect the vulnerable reefs on which the islands environment, community and economy rely. Very special thanks to Chad Scott, program director of the New Heaven Reef Conservation program, for supervising and helping me make this possible. Thanks to Devrim Zahir. Thanks to the New Heaven Reef Conservation team; Ploy, Pau, Rahul and Spencer. Thanks to my supervisor at Van Hall Larenstein; Peter Hofman. 3 Abstract Acanthaster is a specialized coral-feeder and feeds nearly solely, 90-95%, on sleractinia (reef building corals), preferably Acroporidae and Pocilloporidae families. -
(Asteroidea: Acanthaster): a Review of Names and Comparison to Recent Molecular Data
Zootaxa 3841 (2): 271–284 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3841.2.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:750B7776-4BFD-4EF2-AE1A-2671658A0985 An integrative approach to the taxonomy of the crown-of-thorns starfish species group (Asteroidea: Acanthaster): A review of names and comparison to recent molecular data GERHARD HASZPRUNAR1,2 & MARTIN SPIES1 1SNSB - Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, D-81247 München, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 2Dept. Biology II and GeoBio-Center of LMU Munich, Germany Abstract The scientific names published for species and subspecies in the genus Acanthaster Gervais (Asteroidea: Valvatida: Acan- thasteridae) are reviewed, with particular attention to the A. planci species group (crown-of-thorn starfish, COTS). Several problems with earlier nomenclatural and bibliographic data are resolved. The available name for the type species of Acan- thaster in the original combination is Asterias echinites Ellis & Solander in Watt, 1786; the often-cited "Asterias echinus" and "Acanthaster echinus" are incorrect subsequent spellings, therefore unavailable. The scientific names and taxonomic concepts for species and subspecies in Acanthaster are compared to recently published, robust COI-barcoding clades. Two of four clades in the A. planci group can be named unequivocally, a third requires a neotype designation to decide which of two available names will be valid, and the fourth clade necessitates a new species description and name. The References section includes annotations explaining bibliographical data important to the nomenclatural evaluations. Many hyperlinks interspersed with the paper's texts offer quick access to digital versions of the respective references. -
Crown-Of-Thorns Sea Star, Acanthaster Cf. Solaris, Have Tissue-Characteristic Microbiomes With
AEM Accepted Manuscript Posted Online 4 May 2018 Appl. Environ. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/AEM.00181-18 © Crown copyright 2018. The government of Australia, Canada, or the UK ("the Crown") owns the copyright interests of authors who are government employees. The Crown Copyright is not transferable. 1 Crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster cf. solaris, have tissue-characteristic microbiomes with 2 potential roles in health and reproduction 3 4 Lone Høj,a#,b Natalie Levy,a,b,c* Brett K. Baillie,a Peta L. Clode,d,e,f Raphael C. Strohmaier,a 5 Nachshon Siboni,a,** Nicole S. Webster,a,b,g Sven Uthicke,a,b David G. Bournea,b,c 6 Downloaded from 7 aAustralian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. 8 bAIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, 9 Queensland, Australia 10 cCollege of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, http://aem.asm.org/ 11 Australia. 12 dCentre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 13 Perth, Western Australia, Australia 14 eSchool of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western on May 10, 2018 by UQ Library 15 Australia, Australia 16 fThe Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 17 Australia 18 gAustralian Centre for Ecogenomics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 19 Australia 20 21 Running head: Microbiome of crown-of-thorns sea stars 22 23 #Address correspondence to Lone Høj, [email protected]. 24 *Present address: Natalie Levy, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 1 25 **Present address: Nachshon Siboni, Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology 26 Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. -
Chemical Signals in Coral Reefs - M
CHEMICAL ECOLOGY – Chemical Signals in Coral Reefs - M. Puyana CHEMICAL SIGNALS IN CORAL REEFS M. Puyana Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia Keywords: Coral reefs, pheromones, chemical defenses, chemical cues, coral reproduction, larval settlement, symbiosis, allelopathy Contents 1. Introduction 2. Chemical signaling in coral reefs 2.1 Feeding Attractants 2.2 Feeding Deterrents 2.3 Predator detection and alarm substances 2.4 Induced Defenses 2.5 Mate and kin recognition 2.6 Associational chemical defenses 2.7 Chemical signals in gamete attraction and spawning 2.8 Symbiotic associations 2.9 Larval settlement 2.10. Antifouling 2.11 Allelopathy 3. Conclusions Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Chemical signaling is an important communication mechanism within and between species in the marine environment. Chemical cues are of particular importance in aquatic systems since visibility can be greatly impaired by sediment load and the attenuation ofUNESCO light at greater depths. The physical – EOLSSand chemical properties in the marine environment influence the way chemical signals are produced, transported and detected, and also determine the nature and success of ecological interactions. Marine animals have very well developed chemical senses and chemical signals can help animals to identify conspecificsSAMPLE and regulate social behavior. CHAPTERS Reproductive processes such as mate recognition and synchronization in gamete, or larval release, may be highly influenced by chemical signals especially in plants and invertebrates where hormonal signaling is not complex. The establishment and maintenance of symbiotic associations as well as homing behavior may require of chemical signaling although these processes are less understood. Chemical signals are also important in food recognition and ingestion by grazers, carnivores and scavengers, predator detection and avoidance, alarm responses and deterrence of feeding behavior. -
Genetic Structure of the Crown-Of-Thorns Seastar in the Pacific Ocean, with Focus on Guam
A peer-reviewed version of this preprint was published in PeerJ on 5 May 2016. View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/1970), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. Tusso S, Morcinek K, Vogler C, Schupp PJ, Caballes CF, Vargas S, Wörheide G. 2016. Genetic structure of the crown-of-thorns seastar in the Pacific Ocean, with focus on Guam. PeerJ 4:e1970 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1970 1 Genetic structure of the Crown-of-Thorns Seastar in 2 the Pacific Ocean, with focus on Guam 3 1 4 Sergio Tusso 5 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig- 6 Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 7 Munich, Germany 8 2 9 Kerstin Morcinek 10 2 Department of Anatomy (Neuroanatomy), University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50924 11 Cologne, Germany 12 3 13 Catherine Vogler 14 3 Environment Department, Pöyry SwitZerland Ltd., Herostrasse 12, 8048 15 Zurich, SwitZerland 16 4 17 Peter J. Schupp 18 4 Carl von OssietZky University of Oldenburg – Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the 19 Marine Environment, Oldenburg, Germany 2503 20 5 21 Ciemon Frank Caballes 22 5 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 23 Queensland, Australia 4811 1 24 Sergio Vargas 25 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig- 26 Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 27 Munich, Germany 28 1, 6, 7 * 29 Gert Wörheide 30 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig- 31 Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. -
Identification Guide to the Australian Odonata Australian the to Guide Identification
Identification Guide to theAustralian Odonata www.environment.nsw.gov.au Identification Guide to the Australian Odonata Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW Identification Guide to the Australian Odonata Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data Theischinger, G. (Gunther), 1940– Identification Guide to the Australian Odonata 1. Odonata – Australia. 2. Odonata – Australia – Identification. I. Endersby I. (Ian), 1941- . II. Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW © 2009 Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW Front cover: Petalura gigantea, male (photo R. Tuft) Prepared by: Gunther Theischinger, Waters and Catchments Science, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW and Ian Endersby, 56 Looker Road, Montmorency, Victoria 3094 Published by: Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW 59–61 Goulburn Street Sydney PO Box A290 Sydney South 1232 Phone: (02) 9995 5000 (switchboard) Phone: 131555 (information & publication requests) Fax: (02) 9995 5999 Email: [email protected] Website: www.environment.nsw.gov.au The Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW is pleased to allow this material to be reproduced in whole or in part, provided the meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are acknowledged. ISBN 978 1 74232 475 3 DECCW 2009/730 December 2009 Printed using environmentally sustainable paper. Contents About this guide iv 1 Introduction 1 2 Systematics -
Insects of Guam-I
Insects of Guam-I ODONATA DRAGONFLIES OF GUAM By 0. H. SWEZEY AND F. X. WILLIAMS EXPERIMENTSTATION, HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS' ASSOCIATION, HONOLULU The determinations in this paper are by F. X. Williams, and the collection notes are by 0. H. Swezey. ZYGOPTERA FAMILY COENAGRIIDAE SUBFAMILY COENAGRIINAE 1. Ischnura delicata (Hagen). Agrion delicatu111,Hagen, Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Verh. 8: 479, 1858. Ischnura delicata (Hagen) Selys, Acad. Belg., Bull. 2(41): 281, 1876. Fraser, Fauna Brit. Ind., Odon. 1: 360, fig. 355, 1933. Agana, May 4, Swezey, Usinger; Inarajan, May 7, 14, Swezey, Bryan; Piti, May 31, Swezey, Usinger; Sumay Road, June 25, July 15, Swezey; Piti, Aug. 24, Sept. 1, 21, Swezey; Merizo, Oct. 2, Swezey; Agat, Oct. 17, Swezey. A widely distributed species throughout southern Asia, India, Ceylon, Burma, Malaysia, Sondaic Archipelago [Sunda Islands?], Borneo, 1New Guinea, Australasia, Philippines and Samoa. Now recorded from Guam for the first time. Abundant in lowlands, especially rice fields. ANISOPTERA FAMILY AESCHNIDAE 2. Anax piraticus Kennedy, Ent. Soc. Am., Ann. 27: 346, 1934. Piti, dead specimen on bark of Pithecolobium tree, Root Agricultural School, Aug. 19, 1936, collected by a student; Piti, at light, Sept. 12, Swezey, Oct. 17, Swezey. A wary high-flying species difficult to capture. Described from a male specimen collected in Guam by Fullaway in 1911. A male specimen collected in 1936 was submitted to Dr. Kennedy for verifi cation. In reply, Dr. Kennedy stated that he had not seen the species panybcus 4 Bernice P. Bishop Museuni-Bulletin 172 Hagen with which he had compared piratirns in his original description, and now he says: "My opinion after seeing this second specimen is that it will be difficult to separate all specimens from Guam from panybeus of Celebes. -
First Record and Impact of the Crown-Of-Thorns Starfish, Acanthaster Planci (Spinulosida: Acanthasteridae) on Corals of Malpelo Island, Colombian Pacific
First record and impact of the crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci (Spinulosida: Acanthasteridae) on corals of Malpelo Island, Colombian Pacific Krupskaya Narváez1 & Fernando A. Zapata2 1. Fundación Malpelo y Otros Ecosistemas Marinos. Carrera 11 No. 87-51 Local 4, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; [email protected] 2. Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Apartado Aéreo 25360, Cali, Colombia; [email protected] Received 30-VIII-2009. Corrected 11-XI-2009. Accepted 18-XII-2009. Abstract: The crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci, is a major coral predator widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region, where population outbreaks have caused dramatic impacts on coral reefs. In the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) A. planci occurs at low population densities; it has been significantly abundant only in Panama and Cocos Island. We have recently found two individuals of A. planci at Malpelo Island, a small oce- anic island with significant coral communities located off the Colombian Pacific coast. The recent discovery of A. planci at Malpelo is significant in light of recent reports of its increased frequency of observation at Cocos Island and occurrence at the Galapagos Islands. The individuals found at Malpelo have been repeatedly sighted since 2004, actively feeding on nine species of coral. Although densities of A. planci are low at Malpelo and other oceanic islands of the TEP, these islands may act as stepping stones for the colonization of other coral reef areas in the region. However, the low densities of A. planci suggest that it currently poses no threat to coral reefs in the TEP. Rev. -
Knowledge of the Inadequate. Collecting Dragonflies
Odonatologica 26(3): 249-315 September I. 1997 Synopsis of the PhilippineOdonata, with lists of species recorded fromforty islands * M. Hämäläinen¹ and R.A. Müller² 1 Department of Applied Zoology, P.O.Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 1 Rehetobelstr. 99, CH-9016 St. Gallen, Switzerland Received 10 January 1996 / Revised, Updated and Accepted 6 February 1997 A list of dragonflies known from the Philippines is presented with data on their distribution the of the islands. In addition the 224 named 3 by accuracy to spp. (and sspp.), some 65-70 still undescribed or unidentified (to species level) taxa are listed. Detailed data for 14 named which listed from the collecting are presented spp., arc Philippines for the first time, viz. Archibasis viola, Ceriagrion cerinorubellum, Acrogomphusjubilaris, Ictinogomphus decoratus melaenops, Gynacantha arsinoe, G. dohrni, Heliaeschna simplicia, H. uninervulata, Indaeschna grubaueri, Tetracanthagyna brunnea, Macromia westwoodi, Aethriamanta gracilis, Neurothemis fluctuans and Rhyothemis obsolescens. Prodasineura obsoleta (Selys, 1882) is synonymized with P. integra (Selys, 1882) and Gomphidia platerosi Asahina, 1980 with G. kirschii Selys, 1878. A few other possible synonymies are suggested for future confirmation. A brief review of the earlier studies on Philippine Odonata is presented. Grouped according to the present understanding of the Philippine biogeographical regions, all major islands are briefly characterized and separate lists are given for 40 islands. The records are based onliterature data, and on ca 27 000 specimens in Roland 000 SMF Muller’s collection, ca 2 specimens in coll. Ris at and on some other smaller collections studied by the authors. INTRODUCTION While the second author made plans for a zoological expedition to the Philip- pines in 1985, Dr Bastiaan K i a u t a suggested him to take collecting of dragon- flies as one of the goals, because the knowledge of the Philippine Odonata fauna was very inadequate. -
Abee84a07d5f8a6ab9b2ff68c77
diversity Opinion Persistent Gaps of Knowledge for Naming and Distinguishing Multiple Species of Crown-of-Thorns-Seastar in the Acanthaster planci Species Complex Gerhard Haszprunar 1,2,*, Catherine Vogler 3 and Gert Wörheide 3,4 1 Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns (SNSB)-Zoological State Collection, Münchhausenstraße 21, D-81247 Munich, Germany 2 Department Biology II and GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80539 Munich, Germany 3 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, and GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, D-80333 Munich, Germany; [email protected] (C.V.); [email protected] (G.W.) 4 SNSB-Bavarian State Collections of Palaeontology and Geology, D-81827 Munich, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-89-8107-104 Academic Editors: Morgan Pratchett and Sven Uthicke Received: 19 September 2016; Accepted: 9 May 2017; Published: 12 May 2017 Abstract: Nearly a decade ago, DNA barcoding (partial mitochondrial COI gene sequences) showed that there are at least four species in the Indo-Pacific within what was previously conceived to be a single Crown-of-Thorns-Seastar (COTS) species, Acanthaster planci. Two of these species—A. planci Linnaeus, 1758, distributed in the North Indian Ocean, and A. mauritiensis de Loriol, 1885, distributed in the South Indian Ocean—have been already unequivocally named. In contrast, the Pacific COTS (proposed name: A. solaris (Schreber, 1795) and the COTS from the Red Sea (still to be named) require further taxonomic work. COI barcoding sequences and Barcode Identification Numbers (BINs) are available for all four COTS species in the global Barcode of Life Database (BOLD). -
Australian Dragonfly (Odonata) Larvae: Descriptive History and Identification
Memoirs of Museum Victoria 72: 73–120 (2014) Published XX-XX-2014 ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line) http://museumvictoria.com.au/about/books-and-journals/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/ Australian Dragonfly (Odonata) Larvae: Descriptive history and identification G. THEISCHINGER1 AND I. ENDERSBY2 1 NSW Department of Planning and Environment, Office of Environment and Heritage, PO Box 29, Lidcombe NSW 1825 Australia; [email protected] 2 56 Looker Road, Montmorency, Vic. 3094 Abstract Theischinger, G. and Endersby, I. 2014. Australian Dragonfly (Odonata) Larvae: Descriptive history and identification. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria XX: 73-120. To improve the reliability of identification for Australian larval Odonata, morphological and geographic information is summarised for all species. All known references that contain information on characters useful for identification of larvae are presented in an annotated checklist. For polytypic genera information is provided to clarify whether each species can already, or cannot yet, be distinguished on morphological characters, and whether and under which conditions geographic locality is sufficient to make a diagnosis. For each species the year of original description and of first description of the larva, level of confidence in current identifications, and supportive information, are included in tabular form. Habitus illustrations of generally final instar larvae or exuviae for more than 70% of the Australian dragonfly genera are presented. Keywords Odonata, Australia, larvae, descriptive history, identification Introduction literature on dragonfly larvae ranges from brief descriptions or line drawings of single structures in single species to The size, colour, tremendous flight abilities and unusual comprehensive revisions (including colour photos and keys) of reproductive behaviours of dragonflies make them one of the large taxonomic groups. -
Odonatological Abstract Service
Odonatological Abstract Service published by the INTERNATIONAL DRAGONFLY FUND (IDF) in cooperation with the WORLDWIDE DRAGONFLY ASSOCIATION (WDA) Editors: Dr. Martin Lindeboom, Landhausstr. 10, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany. Tel. ++49 (0)7071 552928; E-mail: martin@linde- boom.de and Martin Schorr, Schulstr. 7B D-54314 Zerf, Germany. Tel. ++49 (0)6587 1025; E-mail: [email protected] Published in Rheinfelden, Germany and printed in Tübingen, Germany. ISSN 1438-0269 1997 3097. Kitagawa, K. (1997): Records of the Odonata from Sarawak, Malaysia]. Aeschna 34: 5-10. (in Japanese with English summary). [In Dec. 1990, 27 odonate species from Kuching were brought on record. 3093. Carletti, B.; Terzani, F. (1997): Descrizione di Drawings illustrate the labrum of ♀ Vestalis amaryllis Pseudagrion simplicilaminatum spec. nov. sella Repub- and V. atropha. Black and white photos refer to lica del Congo (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Opusc. Prodasineura dorsalis, Amphicnemis wallacei, Coeliccia zool. flum. 152: 1-7. (Italian with English summary). coomansi, Indaeschna grubaueri, Brachygonia oculata, ["The new species is described and illustrated, and its and Euphaea sp.] Address: Kitagawa, K., Imaiti 1-11-6, affinities with P. flavipes leonensis Pinhey, 1964 and P. Asahi-ku, Osaka C., Osaka, 535-0011, Japan thenartum Fraser, 1955 are outlined and discussed. Holotype ♂: Kintele, 6-IX-1978, paratypes ♂: Kintele, 5- 3098. Kitagawa, K.; Sugitani, A.; Hayashi, K.; I-1980, II-1980, III-1980, XII-1980; — Voka, I-1980; — Masaki, N.; Muraki, A.; Katatani, N. (1997): Records of Djili, XII-1979; — Loufoula, I-1980.” (Authors)] Address: the Odonata of Hong Kong, Part IV. Aeschna 34: 11-21. Carletti, B., Viale Raffaello Sanzio 5,1-50124 Firenze, (in Japanese with English summary).