Volume 12- Issue 8- May, 1903

Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Rose-Hulman Scholar

The Rose Thorn Archive Student Newspaper

Spring 5-1903

Rose Thorn Staff Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, [email protected]

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Recommended Citation Rose Thorn Staff, "Volume 12- Issue 8- May, 1903" (1903). The Rose Thorn Archive. 1083. https://scholar.rose-hulman.edu/rosethorn/1083

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This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Newspaper at Rose-Hulman Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Rose Thorn Archive by an authorized administrator of Rose-Hulman Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOL. XII. TERRE HAUTE, IND., MAY, 1903. No. 8

L. A. Touzalin, Editor in Chief. THE TECHNIC. George Benson, Assistant Editor. Fred B. Lewis, Reviews. BOARD OF EDITORS. Howard A. Mullett, Editol in Chief, J. 0. Bland, Athletics. H. BLAIR PETTIT. Charles B. Falley, Local. Associate /Editors, Carl Wischtneyer, FR so. D. LEWIS. Assistant Editor J. BOUDINOT HUNLEY, Reviews Leo F. Dorn, Artist. W115..LIA -4 D. INGLF Alumni Ralph C. Blanchard, . Business Manager. J. 0. BLAND Athletics L. A. TOUZALIN, The Editor in Chief, Mr. Touzalin, has been GEORGE BENSON, Local PAUL H. TURK. the Local Editor from the Junior Class the past ALFRED N. AUSTIN, Artist year, and has shown himself to be especially well Executive Department. ROBERT F. GARRETTSON, Business Manager qualified for and deeply interested in editorial RALPH C. BLANCHARD, Assistant Business Manager work. He is a man of untiring energy and great versatility, so we are confident in predicting a TERMS: most successful year for the Technic with such a One Year, $1.00. Single Copy, 15 cents. man at its head. Issued Monthly at the Rose Polytechnic Institute. Mr. Benson, the Assistant Editor, has been the Entered at the Post Office, Terre Haute, Indiana, as second-clas4 mail matter. Local Editor representing the sophomore class the past year. He is an easy and interesting writer, XPERIENCE has taught our predecessors and one of the most popular fellows among the that the first paths the young editor of a col- students. With such qualifications he should lege journal encounters are by no means strewn easily succeed in giving the readers of the Technic with rose blossoms, but, upon the other hand, a full and interesting Rose Leaves department are usually thickly beset with deep-cutting and next year. hindering thorns. They have therefore adopted Mr. Lewis, Who will have charge of the the custom of electing the new board some time Reviews, has served the Technic in the capacity before the last issue of the year, thus giving am- of both Local and Assistant Editor. In view of ple opportunity for the new men to profit by the his experience and adaptability he has been elect- experience of their predecessors in avoiding the ed Editor of the 1905 Modnlus, which is to be thorns—or, at least, getting scratched as little as published next year. He is a broad reader and possible by them. we are sure he will get up a wideawake and in- Following this custom a meeting of the board structive department of reviews. was held May eleventh, at which the following Mr. Mullett, is without e'xperience upon the board was elected for the year 1903-1904. Technic staff, but has a wide acquaintance among 186 THE ROSE TECHNIC.

the Alumni. Consequently he will have but little NCE more the commencement season is rap- trouble in obtaining articles for the Alumni 0idly drawing near. That time that calls department. forth, in the college man about to receive his de- Mr. Bland's work of the past few months speaks grees, such mixed feelings of joy and sadness. for itself in showing his ability to edit the depart- Joy, that he has successfully completed his work ment alloted to Athletics. in college and is about to enter some branch of the The Local Editors, Messrs. Falley and Wisch- world's work, far better equipped to meet the meyer, are two new men selected because of quali- vicissitudes and enjoy the pleasures of life than fications and experiences that are believed to well his less fortunate brother. Sadness. , because it fit them for such a position. means the breaking of fond ties, the desertion of The Artist,' Mr. Dorn, needs no introduction beloved haunts, and the necessity of making new or recommendation to the readers of the Technic, associations and friendships that can never take for its pages have often been beautified and its the place of those of our college days. articles illustrated with his sketches. At Rose we are naturally interested in who is Mr. Blanchard, the Business Manager, has fill- to deliver the Commencement Address, and in ed the position. of Assistant Business Manager which one of our elder brothers, that has trod since.February, in which capacity he has been of the same paths over which we have been toiling inestimable service to the Manager. With this the past four years, is to tell us of his experi- experience and .his wide acquaintance among the ences and allow us the benefit of his advice. business men of the city the financial side will be The Commencement Address this year will be well looked after. delivered by Dr. R. S. Woodward, Dean of the • Faculty of Science, Columbia University. Dr. of finances recalls to mind the fact Woodward is a man of no little renown, a polished SPEAKINGthat the past year has been one of the best and pleasing public speaker. He has chosen as ihe Technic has ever experienced, at least from a his subject "Education and the world's work of financial point of view. Usually it has been to-day," so we can look forward to a most inter- 'necessary for the Technic to call upon the Council esting and instructive address. for a special appropriation, with which to settle The Alumni Address is to be given by Dr. up its actual running expenses. Owing, how- Charles E. Mendenhall, who graduated from ever, to the good management its affairs have Rose in 1894, afterwards receiving the degree of received in the hands of Mr. Garrettson, it will Ph. D. from Johns Hopkins University. Dr. not only be able to pay all of its running expenses, Mendenhall is at present Assistant Professor of 'which have been somewhat heavier than usual Physics, University of Wisconsin. owing to the large amount of illustrating that . APIA has appeared this year, but has added two typewriters to its stock. IT is indeed gratifying and pleasing t6 have a I Board of Managers, at the head of The sources of revenue the past year have been: the Insti- Student's Council, $2147.70 tute, that is so ready and willing to do the hand- Alumni Subscriptions, 92.00 some thing, as did the board in regard to the re- Advertisements, 431.50 cent senior trip to Pittsburg. Every request was Total, . . . $$11.20 granted, and $200 was allowed to assist in de- This shows that out of nearly three hundred fraying the expenses. graduates only ninety-two subscribe for the The reception that the Alumni gave us in Pitts- Technic, less than one-third. This seems to us burg makes one rejoice that he is soon to be one to be a very small per cent indeed. Surely a of them. Every Alumni within a radius of 100 graduate does not loose interest in his Alma miles of Pittsburg left his business, and devoted Mater so soon. his time and-means to making every phase of the THE ROSE TECHNIC. 187 trip a success, and they certainly did. They are screen a chart, which looked very much like a all jolly, good fellows, every mothers one of pedigree sheet, that showed the division into de- them. partments from the President, through the various Vice Presidents, Superintendents and Engi- The members of the Institute, on Wednesday, neers down to the workmen in the shops. He April 29, had the pleasure of listening to a very pointed out the various schemes by which the interesting address, on "The Organization of stage of development of the smallest part of a Great Industrial Establishments," by Mr. A. L. machine could easily be determined by the heads Rohrer, Superintendent of Works, General Elec- of the departments. His talk was illustrated tric Company, Schenectady, New York. with many lantern slides of views about the vari- Mr. Rohrer reviewed the organization and mer- ous establishments of the General Electircal Com- ging of the several smaller companies into the pany. In closing, Mr. Rohrer told of the work General Electric Company. He threw upon the and opportunities for technical graduates. 188 THE ROSE TECHNIC. Photometrical Measurements.

By PROF. C. L. MEES.

HE rating of artificial light sources by pho- color of objects, practically, becomes the criterion T tometrical measurements has of late years of illumination. This does not deperid solely received much attention. To the buiy engineer upon the quantity of light, but upon the quality, the mass of literature seems so formidable, the and is greatly influenced by the character of the opinions so conflicting, that he is tempted to con- object to be illuminated. In a general sense, it sider the whole subject as hardly worth wasting requires the study of not only the efficiency of time upon; he is tempted to humorously express the light source in illuminating a white object or himself as not caring to play a "game not worth any one definite surface or form, but its efficiency the candle." for the purpose intended. From the practical point of view there will be The quality and distribution of the light be- more or less of inexactness in photometrical mea- come of the greatest importance. The engineer surements, for the object is to measure a sensa- must exercise mature judgment to obtain the tion effect, complicated by complex physiological best result, and the lighting test must be made conditions, and not a comparatively simple physi- in such a manner that its usefulness for the in- cal quantity. Physical defects in the eye, idio- tended purpose may be determined. syncrasies, physical condition of the observer, As an illustrative case, suppose the light is to will be important factors and must become sources be used mainly for reading, and a comparison of of error. Under such conditions approximate different sources for the purpose of obtaining accuracy becomes a matter of judgment more their relative efficiencies is desired. The ordinary than precision of methods. More dependence Bunsen Photometer or Paraffine Wedge, or the must be placed upon judgment and experience more refined Lummer Bradhun Photometer, may than upon refinement of instruments, for the be used. Because of difference in color of the greatest source of error is to be found in the light, great experience is required with these de- former. vices to make a photometric measurement accu- Reference is had only to the practical aspect of rate within four per cent, using any accepted the subject, and not to photometry as a phys.cal standard. The net result is the comforting know- laboratory study or scientifical problem. ledge that the lamp or source of light has a certain For the convenience of engineering students candle power, but whether because of, say, a who may not have time to study systematically greater candle power it is a really better source and in detail the mass of periodical literature, a of light, is by no means settled. few suggestions are made and a few terms defined The physiological effect produced by the light which have been introduced of recent years, so under the conditions of use is a factor not to be that they may be able to read recent contributions overlooked. The fatigue effect upon the eye, due with a reasonable degree of comfort without los- to contrast and diffusion depends largely upon ing too much time in searching for the meaning the character of the light. of unfamiliar terms. For a fair approximation to a test for the pur- The definition of illumination, or rather lack pose indicated, the simple method of a reading of precise definition has given rise to obscurities photometer has been found useful, and is com- in practical photometrical measurements. The parable in accuracy with many elaborate photo- light sensation which enables us to distinguish metric devices. An ordinary tape line and a and discriminate outline and detail as well as the table of logarithms constitute the apparatus. A THE ROSE TECHNIC. 189 table of logarithms was selected because of con- tion of economy enters into the problem, it be- venience, while the fact that, to the ordinary comes more complicated. In most of such cases a reader, it is not of such absorbing interest that fair comparison can only be made between sources he is likely to strain his eyes unduly, is useful. of light of similar character. For instance, the rel- Again, as it is not general to commit a whole ative economy of several different incandescent table to memory, you cannot guess the succession lamps can be determined with considerable accu- of numbers very well or anticipate them from racy by the use of refined photometric apparatus succession, the latter an important factor. and accurate electrical measurements. The more The source of light is allowed to illuminate the the sources of light differ in character, the more page of logarithmic tables placed at right angles unsatisfactory do such comparisons become. to the line joining the book and the light source. Considerable error may arise in the application The eye is then placed at a convenient distance, of the law of inverse squares in comparisons be- say 20 inches, from the page, the axis of the eye tween sources of light presenting different illu- at a convenient but constant angle to the page minating areas. Where the area is large the law and back to the light. The table of figures is of inverse squares does not hold for short dis- moved away from the light source, the eye being tances between the light source and the object. kept in a constant position in reference to the In the ordinary practical applications, the light page, until the successive figures can just be diffusion from larger areas of less intrinsic bright- read. This observation can be continued for ness is often advantageous. about fifteen seconds. The eye is rested for By photometric measurements, as ordinarily about a minute, a record of observations taken, made, the absorption effects of globes, chimneys, etc., for a number of readings. The distance etc., records great absorption or loss of light, between light source and the page of tables is while in practice their diffusive effect may be measured each time. A similar series of ob- very advantageous in causing a departure from servations is made upon the source of light the law of inverse squares, the diminution in to be compared and the ordinary photometric law intensity for the relatively short distance taking that the intensity is inversely proportional to the place less rapidly. A clear glass chimney or squares of the distances is applied. An accuracy globe may in certain regions cause a very wide about equal to the Bunsen Photometer can be ob- departure from the ordinary law by reflection tained. In addition to the measure of intensity from the surface and by lense effect. thus obtained, as by ordinary photometric meth- The specification of a certain illuminant in terms ods, the relative fatigue effect of the two sources of candle power for practical purposes is useless becomes apparent. The light which fatigues the unless very definite conditions are specified. Par- eye most will be recognized by the necessary enthetically it may be said that this method of shortening of the distance between book and light specification in contracts for arc lamps has given in successive measurements. The rate of change rise to more trouble than all other specifications in these distances gives a fair quantitative approx- combined in lighting contracts. The only form imation to the fatigue effect. . of specification for arc light capable of rigid en- This procedure indicates how relative illumi- forcement is to specify the amount of electrical nating values may be determined by simple means activity in the arc with prescribed quality of often more effective than elaborate photometric carbons. This is capable of accurate and ready methods. measurement, and will ensure a very definite For determining the suitability and value of an illuminating power for the lamp. illuminant for special purposes, equally simple Attempts have been made to thoroughly stan- methods quite as effective as the one used for illus • dardize light measurements by perfection of units tration can generally be devised. When the ques- and definition of terms in standardizing laborato- 190 THE ROSE TECHNIC. ries as well as by conference committees. So far The unit illumination of a surface is the amount no very great unity of practice has resulted. of illumination of that surface produced by one The Geneva Conference in 1896 adopted the 2-lb Bougie Decimale at the distance of one meter. Violle unit as a standard, and called it the Bougie British engineers still define the unit illumination Decimale. as that produced by one candle at the distance of The \Ione unit, it will be remembered, is one foot. practically defined as the quantity of light emitted Other definitions adopted are as follows: in a normal direction by one square centimeter Quantities to he expressed. Name of Corresponding Unit. of the surface of molten platinum at the point of Intrinsic brightness " brilliancy Bougie Decimate. solidification. (The value of this standard is Candle Power 11 Lux equals 1 Bougie Decimale very questionable.) The Bougie Decimale is Illumination of surface . . 1 at the distance of i M. i Lumen equals the flux due to equivalent to .925 British candles. one Bougie Decimate within a The British candle has been in this country the Quantity of Light solid angle equal to unity. The Total Light in Pencil 1 total light flux from one Bougie most commonly used unit and is meant when Luminous Flux Decimate equal 47r lumens. 1 Lumen, spread over one square candle power is spoken of unqualifiedly. It is meter equals i Lux. Brilliancy of Flame defined as the light emitted by a spermaceti can- Luminosity of Flame i Bougie Decimate per square dle consuming two grains of sperm per minute Specific of Luminosity. . . . lcentimeter of luminous area. from a three stranded, plaited cotton wick, with Quantity of Light I Lumen hour. many other specifications. It is also equivalent The luminosity of the electric arc with good to .945 Heffner units. The Heffner unit burns carbons is approximately 15,000 Bougie's Deci- amylacetate from a carefully specified lamp. It male. is the standard adopted in Germany. Its use is This brief mention of photometrical standards rapidly extending. The German Reichanstaldt and terms is given for the convenience of readers has made an exhaustive study of the lamp, and of literature. finds that it is reliable to within two per cent The whole subject of photometry is one of per- when constructed reasonably accurately and prop- plexing difficulties, yet full of interest and its erly used. Its operation is satisfactory and sim- study, if not very useful from the purely com- ple. It is also relatively inexpensive. At this mercial and practical point of view, is profitable conference certain terms were defined which are to the student. coming into quite general use. THE ROSE TECHNIC. 191

Che Physical Structure of metals and Alloys. By J. J. KESSLER,'97.

[Abstract of Paper read before the Engineers' Club of St. Louis, which is not as broad, fails to include many sub- April 15th, :903. stances, the most important of which is Cast Iron, HE subject which is to be considered under and which cannot be defined as a solid solution T title of this paper is usually treated as "The nor a chemical compound, but which is a true Microstructure of Metals and Alloys." This is alloy in the sense of the definition. In fact, a little misleading, as it implies that this is one brass or bronze are ,not more truly alloys than is of the particular kinds of Physical Structure Cast Iron. which is being involved, whereas, as a matter of The first structural elements to be considered fact, the whole anatomy or architecture of the are those present in pure metals. It is well to metal or alloy is being considered and the micro- call to mind here that chemically pure metals are scope is concerned only in that it is an indispen- not to be found as engineering materials. They sable instrument of research on account of the have all to a greater or lesser extent associated size of most of the structural elements. with them impurities which were originally pres- An alloy is defined by Roberts Austin as any ent in the ore or which have been acquired dur- mixture of metals or of metals and metalloids, ing the process of reduction from the ore. which on cooling does not separate into layers. The figures shown (Fig. 1) are one and all of This is a broad definition, and yet any definition common character; they all indicate crystalline

Iron. Platinum. Lead. FIG. 1. Illustrating the Crystalline structure of Pure Metals. 192 THE ROSE TECHNIC. arrangement, whether it be the metals, lead or been reached. These series of parallel lines are tin, or at the other extreme of physical proper- not scratches on the surface of the metal, and ties, antimony or bismuth, not shown, it may only begin to appear when the elastic limit of the be seen that each metal is an aggregate of crys- metal has been reached by stressing.* talline grains bounded by definite surfaces, and This appearance of parallel lines in the struc- that no metal, however pure. may be said to be ture of a metal when the yield point of the metal homogeneous. Each is an aggregate of homo- has been reached by stressing, is common to all geneous grains or crystalline unit s, 11cmogerlecus metals which have been thus far examined. in themselves but possess:rig limited volume and Closer examination of the surface of the metal, bounded by surfaces, the forces pertaining to reveals the fact that thesc lines represent the which are of much different character than the connecting surfaces between parallel planes which forces within the grains themselves. are at slightly different levels. The distinctive differences between metals, An ideal cross section of such a strained metal therefore, is not one of crystalline character. We would be represented as shown in Figure 3. cannot explain the physical difference between lead and antimony, for instance, by stating that one is crystalline and the other not. All metals are truly crystalline; the difference between them must be found in differences in the properties of existing a 6 C their crystalline grains and in the forces A between the crystalline grains. \A\‘ An interesting point comes up in this connection, and this is the effect of stress on these pure After straining metals. When a metal is yielding to stress and FIG. 3. Ideal cross-section of strained metal. the deformation has not reached the elastic limit, Strain in a metal, therefore, is not a question no change in the structure of the metal can be of homogeneous shear as in the case of a liquid, recognized under the microscope. When, how- but takes place by the successive slipping over ever, the elastic limit has been reached and plas- one another of the iner-crystalline grains. The tic yielding of the metal begins, the change is most severely strained metal still retains its crys- indicated in a very characteristic way. talline structure, thy effect being to elongate the crystals in one direction as in the case of rolled or hammered steel, and this is what gives the metal its fibrous qualities. The use of the word fibrous in connection with a metal is only correct, therefore, in that it indicates either crystals elongated by stress, or impurities present in the metal which are elongated by stress. This is invari- ably the case in Wrought Iron, which is only FIG. 2. Lead —Stressed until plastic yielding has commenced. fibrous when it contains elongated crystals or Figure 2 shows quite a different appearance other structural elements, or because it contains from any structure which has been observed. elongated portions of slag or other impurities. Large crystalline grains are shown as before, but Puke metals are not used ill the arts, however, across the face of each grain will be seen a num- to the extent to which mixtures of metals are ber of series of parallel lines running across the used. entire surface of each grain, but each series end- Mixtures of metals, which on cooling do not ing abruptly when the boundary of the grain has * wing and Rosenhain, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. CXCIII, p. 353. THE ROSE TECHNIC. 193 separate into layers, may contain three (3) differ- The properties of such an alloy will be similar ent kinds of constituents: to those of the pure metal, and will depend on 1st, Homogeneous Solid Solutions. the properties of the individual grains, and on 2nd, Distinct crystals of one substance distrib- the forces existing between the grains. uted through another. In the case of such an alloy it can be predicted 3rd, Liquid Solutions which on cooling have that for any given change in the percent of silicon frozen into solid solutions, but which, at the in- present, no radical change in the properties of stant of freezing, have separated into alternate the alloy over that of the pure metal will take layers of the different constituents. place; for instance, if the electrical conductivity These three different kinds of constituents are of the metal be represented by a certain figure, illustrated in the following figures. (Figure 4). the addition of .01. .10 or even 1.00% of silicon, will not materially effect this conductivity. The second class of alloys may be represented by the micro-photographs of Pig Iron, and Bis- muth Copper Alloy (Fig. 5). In this case, entirely distinct constituents are seen in different parts of the metal. If the first class of alloys mentioned be compared to a solution of salt in water, the second may be represented by the case of a solution of salt and water which has been cooled to a point where solid salt has been separated from the solution. This represents by far the most common form of alloys. The homo- FIG. 4. Homogeneous solid solution of Silicon and Iron. (4-;. solution). geneous molten mass in cooling separates out The first case is represented by the Silicon Iron different constituents which remain diffused Alloy which is seen to be made up simply of through the still molten mother liquor, which crystalline grains, the Silicon being diffused finally freezes itself, forming the solid alloy. The through the mass of iron, the whole being a true properties of such an alloy may be entirely dif- solid solution of Silicide of Iron in solid iron, ferent from those of the pure constituents. which cannot be separated from the iron by me- The micro-photograph of the Bismuth copper chanical means, whose composition may vary alloy contains .5 per cent Bismuth. This Bis- uniformly with certain limits, and which is, there- muth does not form a solid solution as in the case fore, a true solution. of the silicon iron alloy; but a small amount of

(a) (h) (a) (b) Gray Cast Iron. (a) Quickly cooled exterior portion Showing effect of small amount of Bismuth in pure of casting. (b) Slowly cooled interior portion of Copper. (a) Pure Copper. tb) Copper with Bismuth casting. Both of same chemical composition. Coppei Eutectic between the crystalline grains. NOTE.— (a) is printed from a negative and 00 from a positive, so that the light and dark portions of (h) should be reversed to he comparable with (a). FiG. 5. Showing Alloys containing distinct chemical and physical units imbedded in a so:id matrix of another substince. 194 THE ROSE TECHNIC.

Bismuth unites with a large amount of copper instant of solidification, and the resulting alloy to form a eutectic alloy (see next paragraph), will be found to consist of alternate layers of the and this alloy is forced out of the growing crys- different separated constituents. A strong mag- tals of pure copper, until finally in the solid alloy nification is required to resolve this kind of struc- it forms a shell of brittle Bismuth copper eutectic ture. This alloy is always characterized by the around each grain of copper, thus giving the fact of its having the lowest melting point of any characteristic brittleness and shortness to the of the whole series between the metals. It is in metal. In the case of such alloys, it can be pre- fact, always a solidified mother liquor. The dicted that for any given change in the percent- composition of the eutectic alloys of any two age of impurity present, a radical change in the metals may be ascertained either by analyzing properties of the alloy over that in the pure metal the alloy which shows the proper eutectic will take place. structure, or by studying the freezing point For instance, the electrical conductivity of curves of different alloys composed of the same copper being represented by 100, the addition of metals but of varying composition. Fig.6 shows .001 per cent of arsenic reduces this to 99.5 or the eutectic alloys of several metals. the addition of .010 per cent redtcces the conduct- Every alloy, therefore, will consist of either ivity to 95 3, the arsenic forming with copper an one, two or all of the three different constituents alloy similar to the Bismuth copper alloy shown. named above; each combination of metals form- There is still another structural component of ing its own characteristic solid solutions, chemi- alloys, and although seldom constituting the en- cal combinations, eutectic alloys, etc. The size tire structure of any alloy, they form a very and arrangement of these structural units being important structural constituent of most alloys. a function of the temperature from which the When a molten homogeneous solution of metals alloy is cooled, the rate of cooling and the work is allowed to cool, as has been stated, different done on the alloy either while it is being cooled, constituents which become insoluble at certain or after it has reached temperature equilibrium.

,4 4 i

Iron Phosphorus Eutectic Alloy. Iron, Carbide of Iron Eutectic Alloy. Silver Lead Eutectic Alloy. FIG. 6. temperatures are reached, separate out and be- It must always be remembered that simply heat- come structural components of the finally solidi- ing a series of alloys with the same chemical fied alloy. composition, to the same temperature, does not Whether such action has or has not taken necessarily imply that the alloys will be in the place, however, there comes a point where the same structural condition; this will be the case remaining solution freezes as a whole. If the only when the metals have been held at the re- metals can form a solid solution as is the case quired temperature long enough for complete with the first class of alloys, this will be done. equilibrium to take place through diffusion, etc. If the constituents are not mutually soluble to Very important results have been obtained by one another, a separation will take place at the studying the physical structure of alloys; two THE ROSE TECHNIC. 195 instances will be given where good has been of the crystalline grains and as effecting ductility, accomplished in entirely different branches of as measured by the bending test, and as shown metallurgy. by the figures of the Test Bars above the micro- In the first instance it has been found that photographs, each one having been bent to the there is only one temperature from which cast angle shown before breaking occurred. steel .29 To carbon, may be annealed to give The second field in which the microscope has greatest tensile slrength combined with the great- proved to be of great assistance, is in studying est ductility; this has been found to be the tem- sheet electrical steel, .07 To carbon, with reference perature which gives the smallest crystalline to the relations between its physical structure grains on annealing. The different results ob- and its magnetic properties. It has been found tained by annealing from different temperatures that the lowest hysteresis is found in steel which being shown in Fig. 7, both as effecting the size contains the best developed crystaline grains, and these are only developed when the steel has been subjected to a definite beat treatment. These are only two instances of a large number of cases in which the mictoscope has been found to be useful in studying the physical structure of t metals and alloys, a feature which is becoming • to be recognized as being of quite as much impor- ".."; 1 . tance to the knowledge and control of the prop-

PIG. S. .0; Carbon Pled t Heal Sheet Steel, showing proper erties of these materials as is chemical composi- and hill:roper annealing. tion.

0e.:'. 1..

Ft°. 7. Microphotographs of Cast Steel .29'; Carbon. Showing relation between Structural and Physical properties. Prepared by MR. C. 11. CARR. Chief Chemist of the American Steel Foundries Co. 196 THE ROSE TECHNIC.

Chn Broadway Cransportation Lines, nay York City. BY A. EUGENZ MICHEL, '03. HERE is no place in the world where rapid T transit is of more importance than in Greater New. York. The enormous concentration of business on the south end of Manhattan, and the astonishingly rapid growth of this part of the city have kept the transportation companies con- stantly overtaxed. The ever increas:ng traffic has necessitated a series of improvements, of which the subway is the latest. Of all these improvemenls, the Broadway surface lines stand out with a distinct individuality. Running, as they do, through the most crcoA ded districts, their cars are operated with the heaviest patronage and amidst obstructions from teams, etc., which is simply indiscribable. Before 1890 these lines and others next in importance were operated with horse cars. About that time ngi- tation was started which ended in their conversion to the cable system. A station of '2000 H. P. was installed in the basement of a down town FIG. I. business block. Beneath the street was placed a subway 100' long and 40' high in which were manipulate grips and brakes. Cable cars began located the massive inclined sheaves which di- running slowly between the horse cars. The rected the cables from the driving wheels in the time was quickened as the men became experi- engine room to the vertical sheaves on the over- enced, and the old cars were withdrawn entirely. head beam, and to the arched cableways, imme- But in its short lifetime the Broadway cable diately under the grip slot (No. 1). The old system proved itself unsuitable to public needs tracks were supplanted by heavier ones and the and capable of serious accidents. Once a grip- cableway. Horse car drivers were trained to man found it impossible to release the cable and THE ROSE TECHNIC. 197 his car went tearing down Broadway, clearing, from the cars daily. Fatal accidents occurred with a propelling force of 1200 H. P., everything regularly, and the spot fairly earned its title of in its path. It was stopped only by the turning "Dead Man's Curve." It became the subject of off the steam at the power house and bringing violent newspaper attacks, and finally the com- the whole system to a standstill. On examina- pany was sued for maintaining a public nuisance. tion of the grip, it was found that a hitch had Of the remedies proposed, two are worthy of formed in the cable (No. 2). The grip had to note. One project consisted in putting in a very slow running cable at this spot. The other, in building a subway under Union Square, and thereby eliminate the curves entirely. But about this time the conversion of the lines to underground electricity put a stop to all trouble here. Under the present system, cars run around these

FIG 2. curves at the perfect control of the motormen, be broken and removed from the slot and the car and "Dead Man's Curve" is now no more than towed back to the power house. The cable was a spot interesting for its past history. flexible enough to pass around the sheaves then, As late as 1897 the president of the Metropoli- but-too rigid to release the grip. tan Street Railway Co., deemed cables on Broad- Another case in which a car acted in the same way superior to an electric system, but during manner was found to be due to an entirely differ- that year the Lenox Avenue line was converted ent cause. When the power-house had been to underground electricity. This experimental signaled and the engines stopped, an examination line was so successful that it led to the complete of the cable showed that one strand had been removal of the cables. For some reason, the un- broken, and by catching on the grip, 1500' of derground trolly system was not considered prac- this strand had piled up behind the grip. (No. tical. Only two roads, and those in Europe, 3). Traffic had to be suspended for several were successfully operated in that way. The greatest difficulty was feared from the entrance of dirt, water and snow into the conduit, destroy- ing insulation and involving other troubles too numerous to mention. Ingenious devices have been used to prevent these difficulties, but in New York dependence has been placed in sim- plicity aid perfection of construction, rather than

FIG. 3. in protective arrangements. hours until the cable could be put in running On Broadway the whole of the original cable condition by removing the loosened strand. construction was available, and the changes were The most disagreeable feature of the cable cars confined to laying feeder ducts at the side of was the jerky effect so noticeable in starting, the tracks, and bolting conductor rails in the stopping and turning corners. Owing to the fact slot. Horse car tracks, on the other hand, had that this class of cars can run at only one speed, to be entirely i emoved to make way for the mas- passengers who were not fortunate enough to get sive standard heavy rail. This standard rail, seats were compelled to go through violent invol- which weighs 107 lb per yard, is by far the untary gymnastics which would have done credit heaviest ever used for this purpose; the largest to a base ball player trying to reach second. In rail used on the New York Central (steam) being one place where the tracks made a reverse curve, only 100 It per yard. this effect was so bad that people were thrown In laying the ducts, the bottom of the trench 198 THE ROSE TECHNIC. is leveled and covered with from six to ten inches ground there is no possibility of danger from of concrete. The ducts, which are of tile or ce- electrolysis. The current is conveyed to and ment lined iron pipe. are then arranged symme- from the motors by a device called the "plow." trically in layers, and cement run between them which reaches down through the slot and to the to bind the mass together. (No. 4). conductors. (No. 5). The shank of the plow

The conduit proper is the same as for the cable road, in order to utilize the old construction, and to allow the insertion of cables if the electric system was not successful or desirable. The conductors consist of two lines of two-inch wrought iron pipe in the earlier, and of T shaped rails in the latter construction. These are suspended below the cable slot by means of insul- ators attached to the lower flanges of the slot rails. The insulator consists of a circular cast iron cup provided with lugs by which it is bolted to the slot rails. Within this cup is another of porcelain, which is held tightly in the iron cup by cement. The porcelain cup holds an iron shank to which the conductor T rail or pipe is bolted. (No. 5). To enable the conductor rails and their supports to be put in place, two "hand hole boxes" are located one on each side of the slot, at every fifteen feet of the Broadway track. The con- Flo. 5. ductor rails are in thirty foot lengths, so that consists of three steel plates, the outer ones WI they may be slid into the conduits at the hand thick and the inner one eg". The conductors, holes. which are wrapped copper ribbons, are carried The track rails have nothing whatever to do down through the plow to the contact shoes or with the electric circuit; the current being sup- wipers, connection being made between them by plied from the two lines of conductors beneath flexible cables. The shoes are round and of cast the slot. As none of the current enters the iron and measure 4" by They are kept in THE ROSE TECHNIC. 199

contact with the conductor rails by means of side such a "block," as it is called, and on walking steel springs which keep the shoes 8"apart when ahead three squares, finding a line of fire hose free and 6" when in contact with the conductor stretched across the street. Cars from the other rails. It has been found that a pressure of six or direction fared similarly, making in all a string seven pounds is sufficient to insure good electrical ten blocks long—a curious sight to any but a contact between shoes and conductors. New Yorker. On another occasion an automo- The lines are operated with uniform success bile break-down caused the same effect. Heavy during summer and winter weather, bcing in trucks with obstinate drivers often delay the cars. daily operation and giving the greatest satisfac- Passengers have no guarantee that they will ar- tion. rive at their destinations within a reasonable It has been found that the conduits do not time. Last Labor Day it took a car forty min- accumulate dirt, that the loss of current is not utes to plow through less than half a mile of the greater than on an overhead trolley, and the con- parade, and excitement of this kind always de- duit has proven self cleaning, by the flushing of lays the cars. rain. Manholes are placed along the line, never It is the policy of the company to run cars just less than 350' apart. At these are sewer connec- often enough that they will always be well filled. tions for carrying off the water. During the rush hours, however, there are usu- A very noticeable feature of underground elec- ally about two carloads piled into each car. tricity is the smoothness of operation of the cars. Just what effect the completion of the subway Being entirely under control of the motormen, will have on the surface lines is hard to say at they run without the cable jerk, and the trans- this early date, but it will surely relieve the fer has been a decided improvement. morning and evening crush, and take traffic away The mechanical equipment of the Broadway from all other lines. Yet, it is safe to say that lines may well be considered perfect, yet there they will still be well patronized. Their cars remain serious faults in the service, which can will still be filled, and on a spring or summer hardly be remedied. The cars run with a very evening, when the streets are comparatively de- small headway, so that when a car is disabled serted, these Broadway cars will be as popular as others pile up behind it with surprising rapidity. ever. The writer well remembers being tied up in

THE SENIOR TRIP. cards, reading, smoking, and many other forms BY ONE OF THE FORTUNATES. of amusement that only a crowd of students can HE much talked of Senior trip is a thing of devise. Finally, after all had become weary of T the past, yet many are the fond recollections their pastimes, quiet reigned, and Morpheus ruled that the Seniors will carry with them even in the supreme. It was only for a short time, however, down hill of life. for he was dethroned about five o'clock by one The party of twenty-eight Seniors, accompan- of the Seniors, who took upon himself the duty ied by Dr. Gray and Professor Peddle, left over of going to each birth and awakening the occu- the Pennsylvania road at 5:10 Tuesday evening, pant with "Fellows, you had better arise and May 5th. The President of the class must have prepare your toilets, for we will shortly enter gotten his" Irish up," when making arrange- Pittsburg." We did finally enter Pittsburg ments for the trip, for he engaged the Pullman about eight o'clock, eastern time, the train hav- Emerald as the special car to transport the party. ing lost an hour and a quarter en route. Many The evening on the train was spent in playing there were who were greatly worried that they 200 THE ROSE TECHNIC.

had lost an hour's sleep, due to the change from qua had been prepared, and at which we were central to eastern time. the guest of the management of the Homestead The party was met at the station by a large Steel Works. After all were seated around the delegation of Alumni, who received all most festive board Mr. Wales introduced Mr. Williams, heartily. Some of these looked after sending Assistant to the General Superintendent, who the baggage to the hotel, while others had the delivered a short address of welcome. After all small tables in the station restaurant thrown to- had partaken most heartily of the good eatables gether into one large center table, and saw that and drinkables, and had settled back to enjoy all were properly refreshing the inner man pre- the cigars, President Palmer arose and, in a very paratory for the day's jaunt. neat little speech, expressetl for the class their Immediately after breakfast the party, and appreciation of the reception and courtesies that many of the Alumni, under the leadership of Mr. had been shown. To this Mr. Williams replied, McTaggart and Mr. Wiley took the street car for and in closing stated that the electrical depart- the Duquesne Steel Works. Here the party ment, in which are several Rose alumni, had was met by Mr. Wales, and immediately pro- been dismissed for the afternoon, and were now ceeded upon its inspection of the works. Start- waiting to conduct us through the Homestead ing in where the giant travelling cranes were Works. removing the Hemitite from the roasters and In crossing the bridge that leads from the hotel, piling it up in great heaps that are drawn upon over the railway tracks, to the works, we noted as the ore is needed, the party passed on to where many men carrying buckets of water. We were the little steam locomotives were drawing trains informed that this alone cost $15,000 per year. of cars that were being loaded with ore, flux, All of the drinking water being carried in this etc.; followed these trains as they rapidly deliv- manner from the hill on one side to the men in ered their freight to the mixers; on to where the the works on the other. Here we of course big ingots are formed ; then noting the course of found much that was similar to the Dequesne these ingots, which are about twenty inches square work, but also much that was different. The in cross section, through the various rolls, the large Bessemer converters, shooting their flames speed of which increases as the metal decreases high into the air, were very interesting, indeed. in size, until it comes out a finished rail. Thus These, together with the hot streams of steel was every feature of one of the world's greatest that were being poured into the ingot molds, pre- steel rail factories brought before our eyes. sented a view that one could indeed easily picture After completing the tour of the Dequesne as "Hell with the lid off." Yet through all of Steel Works the party was conducted to the Ran- this we followed our guides and feared no dan- kin Power Station. This is one of the street car ger. power-houses, and is also utilized for lighting a We took a peep at the open-hearth furnaces, large district. In this station are nine large, at the rolling of channels and I-beams, and then direct-connected Westinghouse generators. The crossed the Rankin bridge, which is the heaviest steam for running these engines is generated in span in the country, to the Carrie Furnaces. Just nine batteries of two boilers each, all of which after crossing the bridge we ran upon a very in- are equipped with mechanical feed. In the gen- teresting machine, indeed. It was a modern car erator room every thing was as neat and clean as dumper. The loaded car was run upon the ma- a new pin, and these nine large generators whirl- chine, fastened in place, and gradually the ing at a high rate of speed presented a very im- machine tilted the car upon its side until all of posing sight. the contents were dumped out, then returned the The party now repaired to the Homestead car to its place upon the tracks. After visiting Steel Works Hotel, where a very sumptuous ban- the Carrie Furnaces we were led back by way of THE ROSE TECHNIC. 201 the armor-plate mills. In rolling these plates, with quite a number of technical graduates, thus common rock salt is thrown upon the plate, this, affording a guide for about every two men of our upon entering the rolls explodes violently, blow- party so that every feature could be fully ex- ing off the scale. plained to all. After leaving the Homestead Steel Works we Upon entering the large erecting and testing went over to the Howard Axle Works, an iving building the first thing to attract our notice was there just at six o'clock, as the night shift was three large generators that are being built for going to work. It took but a little while to fol- the New York Subway. The frames of these low up the course of a railway car axle, and the giant machines stand for:)' feet high, the diam- tired and foot-sore crowd were soon wending eter of the rotating part bting about thirty feet. their way towards the car for the city. The car One or the most interesting features in this de- was pretty well filled, but this did not hinder the partment was the ease with which the large tools boys from being seated. One secured a seat in could be carried about the establishment from the front end of the car and with this as anchor- one piece of work to another. In some instances age the fello As formed a row extending the en- as many as three or four of these large tools were tire length of the car isle, one sitting in the lap being used simultaneously on one piece of work. of another. This served very well until one of In the second story of this building we found those sharp curves, that wind around the hills of most of the "workmen" to be girls. There be- Pittsburg, was struck at full speed. You can ing about 1500 of these variously employed in well imagine what happened. operating machines for separating and grading The alumni would insist in paying the car fare the mica, gluing the mica into sheets, wrapping of the entire party upon all occasions This was the coils with tape, and winding coils of all sizes, very nice in them indeed, but we must admit it kinds and shapes. was rather cruel towards the conductors, for they In the transformer department we saw in would have to rest several times before they suc- course of construction transformers of all sizes. ceeded in "ringing up" the thirty-five or more Many of us were greatly surprised to see that fares. after the laminations of even the largest trans- Finally we reached the hotel, cleaned up and formers were built up they were screwed to place obtained supper. This seemed to refresh all to by hand, and not pressed by a hydraulic press, such an extent that most of the party were soon as many supposed would be the case. out to take in the town—that is, as much of it as We could easily fill the space alloted for this they could. write up with a description of the many interest- A big street railway convention was in session ing things seen in this Westinghouse plant, for in Pittsburg and the hotel was crowded, making we were shown through the switch board depart- it necessary to put our party in two large parlors. ment, power-house, forge shop, etc., and every These, with their long rows of beds presented where our attention was directed to the most very much the appearance of a hospital. All minute details, even to the making of files by were so tired and sleepy, however, that those hand, but we must remember that "there are who "turned in" late disturbed but few. others". The M.echanicals and Electricals were awak- After leaving the electrical plant we went ened about 5::30 Thursday morning so that all through the Westinghouse Machine Works, where might get ready to catch an early train for East the Westinghouse engines are built. Noted the Pittsburg. Here the party was met by Messrs. pits in which the large castings are made, the Moore and Johannesen, and by Mr. Downton, giant planers and trip-hammers at work, and head of the student department of the Westing- walked through cylinders in which even Rumb- house Electrical and Manufacturing Company, ley and Fitzpatrick could stand erect. 202 THE ROSE TECHNIC.

We were now invited to an informal dinner at oratory, they examined the new bridge, or rather, the Westinghouse Club. It was easy to note with the piers and the falsework in construction. They how much more vigor the fellows mounted the, then proceeded across the river, and examined hill to the Club than they had been showing on the tunnel, now under construction just at the level ground for the past hour. After dinner end of the bridge. A detailed description of this and a short rest, we took the car for Wilmerding, work may be seen in the anniversary number of the location of the Westinghouse Air Brake the Engineering Record of this year. The new Works. passenger station of the Lake Erie and Western Here, as was the case in most of the plants was next admired, and then all repaired to din- visited on the trip, electrical transmission of power ner. is used. In the power-house of this plant one In the afternoon, under the direction of Mr. finds, in addition to the ordinary types of gener Leser, various improvements now being made by ators, four Westinghouse turbo-generators run- the Pennsylvania R.R. were visited, among them ning at their extremely high rate of speed. the new Fort Wayne bridge, the terminal facili- Possibly the most interesting part of this plant ties, and the connecting of the Pennsylvania with was the foundry. Several continuously moving the P. C. & Y. Here Mr. Leser has direct charge sidewalks, so to speak, run the entire length of of extensive grading operations, much of the the building, make a turn and complete a circuit work being done by blasting and steam shovel. upon themselves. Along one side of this moving An interlocker was also visited, and some idea of table are placed the molding machines. One set the working of the levers was obtained: of men will take an empty drag from the table, On the morning of this same day the Chemists place it on the molding machine, fill it with sand, headed by Mr. McTaggart visited the Atlantic make the mold and replace the drag upon the Petroleum Refinery. The plant .was an old one table. Another man is ready with the cores, but served to give an idea of how the oil was which he puts in position, and by the time the treated. About ten thousand barrels of the drag has reached the next molding machine the different grades of oil are turned out each week cope, which has gone through the same operations at this plant. The Duquesne Reduction Works as the drag, is ready to go in place. A little were next v'sited and the trip through this small further on the pourers with their ladles of molten plant was most interesting. Here all kinds of metal, swung from a track above that leads to the scrap metal such as zinc, tin, lead and copper, cupola, fill the molds as they pass. At the other and brass, solder and other alloys are treated end of this moving table the molds are opened so as to give the pure metals in some cases or to and the sand emptied over a conveyer that mixes give salable alloys in other cases. and moistens the sand so that it is soon ready for In the afternoon Mr. Craver took the Chemists use again. The empty flasks are replaced upon through the laboratory of the Park Steel Co., and the table and again start on their round. through the Pittsburg Testing Laboratory. After seeing many other interesting things in On Friday morning Mr. Howard Craver accom- the manufacture of Air Brakes the party return- panied the boys to McKeesport where the works ed to the city, reaching there about six o'clock. of the Pittsburg Gas and Coke Co., were visited. On Thursday the Civil section, under the guid- The coke is made here in the Hoffman by-product ance of Messrs. Carr, Stone and Leser, visited oven and was one of the first plants orthis kind the office of Mr. Geo. T. Barnsley, Resident En- to be equipped in this country. gineer of the Wabash R. R., who showed them While the Chemists were at McKeesport Friday the plans of the new cantilever bridge now build- morning the Mechanicals, Electricals and Civils ing over the Monongahela. After inspecting the made a trip of inspection to the McKee's Rocks temporary but very complete cement testing lab- plant of the Pressed Steel Car Company. As the THE ROSE TECHNIC. 203 work of this plant was described in a recent issue was the most appreciated of the orchestra num- of the TECHNIC, we will not comment further than bers and was enchored by "The Bogie Man." to say that in the erecting department our atten- Everyone enjoyed, to the fullest extent, the tion was riveted all the time. violin solos," Fantaisie on Mignon" and "Sere- Friday afternoon a hurried trip was made to nade by Pierne," which Mr. Hugh McGibeny the American Locomotive Works, but as most of rendered in his characteristic manner, and also the students were anxious to see the game of base the Monologues by Mrs. Hugh McGibeny, es- ball between the Pittsburg and Cincinnati Na- pecially "Speak up Lize," by Dunbar. tional League teams, but little time was spent The program closed with the "Valse Espag- here. nole, La Teracita," which had the tamborine and At 9:15 that evening good-bye was said to our castanet effect, peculiar to Spanish music. This elder brothers, who had shown us such a splen- was the first concert given by the Orchestra un- did time, and we were soon speeding westward assisted by the Glee Club and was a complete in the Zeda. Then it was that such songs as success. When they give another they will un- "Home, Sweet Home" were in order. We awoke doubtedly be compelled to find a place which has the next morning in Indianapolis, where most of a larger seating capacity. the party spent the day, returning to Terre Haute The program was as follows: that night. • PROGRAM. Overture, Ivanhoe Edward Hazel ORCHESTRA CONCERT. ROSE POLYTECHNIC ORCHESTRA. The concert given by the Poly orchestra, at the Violin, First Air Vane De Beriot First Co. ngregational Church on the evening of Miss IONE HAZLEDINE. May 12, is now filed away in the memory of Vocal, Bendemeer's Stream Gatty nearly all the students and scores of others who MR. R. C. BLANCHARD. were fortunate enough to attend. The church March, The Jolly Student H. H. Zickel ORCHESTRA. was filled with an appreciative audience and every ROSE POLYTECHNIC number of the program received a hearty ap- Violin, Fantaisie on Mignon Sabaste MR. HUGH MCGIBENY. plause. The program opened with the overture, Russian Sleigh Song E S Thornton "Ivanhoe," which was artistic and pleasing. It ROSE POLYTECHNIC ORCHESTRA. was enchored with "Clash of Arms." The vio- Monologues, lin playing of little Miss lone Hazledine is little (a) Colored Regiment Band Stanton less than phenomenal. She responded to the au- (b) Foolish Little Maiden Anon (t) The Tin Gee Gee dience's call for more with "Perpetual Motion." MRS. HUGH MCGIBENY. Ralph Blanchard, '05, sang "Bendemeer's Valse Espagnole, La Teracita Renwar Borsey Stream" very well. The'' Russian Sleigh Song" ROSE POLYTECHNIC ORCHESTRA. 204 THE ROSE TECHNIC.

THE GAME WITH DANVILLE NORMAL. ites again un'Al the sixth inning, when they The base ball team won its first scheduled game bunched their hits and scored three runs. of the season from the Central Normal College of A detailed description of how Poly scored her Danville, Indiana, by the one sided score of 21 to runs would be tiresome, as they scored in every 6. The score should (or would) have read 21 to inning but one. There is one thing the team is 0 but the team simply could not play first-class to be congratulated on and that is the absence of base ball with such a team against them. How- balloon ascensions. Several games were lost last ever, the game developed the fact that the fellows year for that very reason, but we feel confident have good team work and play together well— that such will not be theizt E this year. a fact that is of vital importance in the winning All. R. H. S.H. P.O. A. E. of a ball game. Reed showed up the Reed, c 5 2 4 0 11 0 0 best for the Bowsher, If 5 1 0 1 0 I 2 home team, making four hits Demmiti, 3d b. 6 5 2 0 0 2 0 out of five times at McBride, 1st b. 6 3 0 1 8 0 I bat. Demuth's run getting was Frei' lemeich, 2d h. 6 I 1 1 2 4 0 a feature, as he Bland, cf 5 2 2 0 2 1 0 made five runs out of six times Cox, ss 24 I 0 0 3 1 2 up. Incidentally Cushman, if 2 1 0 0 0 0 he managed to get a two base and a Daily, p. and ss 5 3 1 0 1 1 1 three base Braman, p. 0 1 0 0 0 I 0 bit. Total 44 21 11 3 27 11 6 With Daily in the box for Rose, Flint knocked CENTRAL NORMAL. a sky scraper to Bowsher, who dropped it. A.B. R. II. S.H. P.O. A. K Tur- Flint, If. 5 1 3 0 0 0 0 ner's grounder to Demuth forced Flint at second. Turner. cf. 4 1 0 1 2 0 0 O'Brien 3d b. 5 1 1 0 1 1 0 O'Brien and Riggins each singled, bringing in Riggans, 2d b. 3 1 1 0 I 4 3 Lasater, c. 0 0 0 7 0 0 Turner. Lasater struck out. Bidwell bit, Bidwell. ss 5 0 2 0 0 0 5 Harding, if 5 1 I 0 0 0 0 bringing in 0'Brien, when Mitchell ended the Mitchell, lb 4 0 2 0 12 0 2 Hammock, p 4 1 2 0 1 3 I agony by striking out. Two runs. . — — — — — — — Total 40 6 12 1 21 8 II For the Poly, Reed started the ball rolling by Two-base hits—Freudenreich, Demmitt. Three-ba-e hit—Denimitt. getting hit, stole second and came home on errors Double play—Bland to McBride. Bases on halls - }Iranian I. Hammock 4. by Mitchell and Riggins. McBride was safe on Hit by pitched ball—Reed. Struck out—By Daily, 6; by Braman, 3; by Hammock, 5. error at first, scoring Bowsher. Freudenreich Innings pitched—Daily, 5; Braman, 4; Hammock, K. Umpire—McKenzie. flied out to center, scoring Demmitt. Bland was safe on error, Cox out on grounder, and Cushman The base ball team has proved itself worthy of knocked a high one to Mitchell, ending the side. the heartiest support and patronage from the Five runs. No scoring was'done by the Normal- entire student body, and it should have the same. THE ROSE TECHNIC. 205

If we expect to win from Wabash college when spught in vain for the ball and McBride singled we play them at Crawfordsville on May 30th, we but was thrown out in an attempt to steal sec- must take along a crowd of rooters to help cheer ond. the teani along. So, let every fellow save his Demmitt struck out and Bowsher batted a high money and go along to cheer 'old Rose' to vic- one to left whic:i, unfortunately, fell into the tory. hands of the fielder. Freudenreich hit and Bland was safe on error at second, but Daily in his anx- LAW SCHODL. ROSE PLAYS iety to bring in a run swung hard at the ball but INDIANAPOLIS, May 9. of a home run knocked a high foul which Rose Polytechnic was taken into camp to-day instead easily caught by Springer. by the Indianapolis Law School by the score of was Cushman was out at first and Stoddard flew 4 runs to 3 in a ten inning game. The feature out to third. Reed got a base on error at first of the game was the poor work of the umpire McBride was out on a "pop up" to Seal. who acted as if he had never seen the inside of a but Demmitt hit safely, stole second and third. rule book before. The Poly team made twice as safe on error by Seal, who stopped the many hits as the home team, and less errors, but Bowsher was but did not touch his man. Freudenreich could not win out. A rank decision on first base, ball Bland struck out and Daily in the sixth inning, was when the umpire donated flew out to first. out on a foul fly. the game to the locals. This, coupled with balls again was Stoddard both knocked easy that were called strikes on the Poly batsmen and Cushman and Reed hit and advanced to second on, strikes that were called balls on the Law School grounders but Demmitt was out on a hard fly proved to be too great an obstacle for the Rose McBride's hit. which was caught by the fielder just as team to overcome. It can be safely said that the to center and fell. Poly team has rarely ever been subjected to such he tripped hit safely in the tenth but could do unsportsmanlike conduct as they were in the Bowsher nothing, as the next three men went out in game to-day. Reed opened the game with a hit to right but order. School scored in first on a two-base hit by died on first, as both McBride and Dimmitt struck Law Pettijohn, followed by a single one by Smith. . out and Bowsher knocked an easy grounder to Again in the sixth another run was scored. A Smith. ball was batted along the third base line that In the second inning the first man struck out, looked like a sure hit. Demmitt got it however Bland • singled and reached second on an error in and made a good throw to McBride. However, left field. Daily flew out and Cushman fanned. the umpire thought he saw "Mac's" foot off the Stoddard beat the air vainly three times and and called the runner safe. Smith made a Reed was thrown out at first. McBride fanned. base bigger to left but died on third. Demmitt was called out on strikes by the um- three the eighth, with two out, McBride muffed pire. Bowsher walked, stole second and scored In a hard throw and when he recovered the bail the on Freudenreich's hit to right. Bland beat out was safe on second. Quisser hit to right, a slow one to Smith who threw wild in an at- man the other runner. tempt to catch him. Freudenreich scored on the scoring In the tenth, with the score tied, Kealing got throw. of a slow one and was safe at second Bland scored on a hit by Cushman, who was in the way an error by Demmitt who threw poorly to thrown out on an attempt to steal second. on in a double play. A hit by In the fifth Stoddard apparently hit safely to second attempting to left field brought in the winning run right but the first baseman jumped high in the Pickens game was over. air and caught the ball with one hand. Reed and the 2O6 THE ROSE TECHNIC. .

ROSE. forced out at second on Bowsher's grounder to A.B. R. H. P.O. A. E. Reed, c 5 0 2 13 1 0 short. Demmitt flied out to second base and McBride, lb 5 0 1 13 O 1 McBride knocked an easy grounder to Fisher. Demmitt, 3b 4 0 1 3 1 Bowsher, rf 4 1 1 O 0 In the second, Freudenreich was out on a Freudenreich, 2b 5 1 2. 1 0 grounder to pitcher, Bland walked and Bland, cf 5 1 2 O 0 Daily, P 5 0 0 4 0 stole second, but was out on a double play when Cashman, If 5 0 1 O I Cox knocked a liner into Kane's hands. Stoddard, ss 4 0 0 3 0 During the next inning the Poly boys fell on Total 42 3 10 29 12 3 Fisher's delivery for five hits and when the LAW SCHOOL. smoke .had cleared it was found that five Rose A.13. R. H. P.O. A. E. Pickens, 2b 5 1 1 3 2 1 players had crossed the plate. Pettijohn, cf 5 2 1 1 0 0 Cushman hit and was advanced to second on a Quisser, 3b 4 1 1 0 3 0 Smith, p 4 0 2 2 4 1 neat liner by Daily towards third base. However Seal, lb 4 0 0 10 1 2 the third baseman handled the ball badly and Springer, c 4 0 0 12 3 0 Barrett, ss 4 0 0 0 1 0 both the runners were safe. Reed was out on a Keating, If 3 0 1 1 0 1 "pop up" to second base but Bowsher lined out Jackson, rf 4 0 0 1 0 0 a beauty between short and third and the left Total 37 4 6 10 14 5 fielder threw wild at home in an attempt to catch SCORE BY INNINGS. Cushman. This allowed Daily I 2 3 4 5 IS 7 8 9 to R. H. E. to score and Rose 0003o o o o o o 3 to 3 Bowsher to reach third base. Deminitt got one I. I,. S. I 0 0 0 0 101014 6 5 to his liking and sent the sphere to the tennis Two out when winning run was scored. Stolen bases-Demmitt. Bowsher, 2. Bland, I; Ind Law School,2. court, landing on second base. McBride hit Bases on halls-Off Smith, 2. Two-base hit-Smith. safely advancing Demmitt to third. "Mac" Three-base hit-Smith Hit by pitched ball-Kealing. stole second and came home on Band's single to Struck out Daily, Smith 11. Umpire- Scott. right field. Cox fanned the air three times and ended the inning. WABASH 3; ROSE 5. After this there were no more chances to score In one of the prettiest games ever seen on the as Fisher kept the hits too well scattered to be "Poly" campus the Varsity base ball team de- dangerous. feated Wabash co:lege by the close score of 5 to ROSE. 3. It was a pitcher's battle from A.B. R. II. S.I I P.o. A. F. start to finish, Reed, c 4 0 I II 9 3 0 and the best man won. BJth pitchers had gilt Bowsher 1 f 4 1 1 0 0 0 edge support behind them, while the Demmitt, 3rd b. 4 1 1 0 2 2 1 fielding of McBride, 1st b. 4 1 1 0 5 1 1 Demmitt was the star attraction of the game. Freudenreich, 2nd b 4 0 0 0 7 1 1 His catch of a foul fly far back of the third base Bland, c. f. 2 0 1 0 1 0 Cox, s. s. 3 0 0 0 1 2 1 line with two Wabash men on bases and when a Cushman, r. f. 2 1 1 0 1 0 Daily, p. 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 hit meant a run, was the best play in a good ------game and was mainly instrumental in saving the TOTALS, ... . . 28 5 7 2 27 11 4 day WABASH. for Rose. A.B. R. H. S H. P.O. A. E. Wabash scored first blood in the first on a man Davies, c. f. 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 hit, Coen, c. 4 0 3 0 7 4 0 a steal and a clean single to left center. Af- Boulton, 3rd b. 4 1 1 0 0 0 1 ter that Daily settled down and no more men Podttsh, r. f. . . . 3 1 I 0 1 0 0 Thornell, 2nd b. 4 0 0 0 5 2 0 crossed the plate for - Wabash until the fourth Hasbrook, I. f. 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 inning when Boulton's hit coupled with two errors Kane, s s 3 0 0 0 1 3 0 Williams, 1st b. . 4 0 1 0 7 0 0 and a wild pitch scored two runs. Fisher, p. 2 0 0 0 2 2 0

For the Poly, Reed led off with a hit but was Total 30 3 6 0 24 11 2 THE ROSE TECHNIC. 207

SCORE BY INNINGS. won first, second, and third. Next followed the 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 R. H. E. Rose 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 7 4 220 yard dash and it was pretty to look at. Wabash 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 2 Turk, set back two yards, won first easily and SUMMARY: Stolen Bases—Bland, Boulton in good time, while A. Lee, set back one yard, Sacrifice hits—Daily (2). crossed the tape a good second. Total score now Bases on balls— Off Daily 3, Off Fisher 2. Two base hits—Demmitt. stood Normal 8; Rose 55. The Normals receiv- Double plays—Kane and Thorne11, Demmitt, Freudenreich and ed quite a surprise in the discus hurl. Turk, McBride. Hit by pitched ball—Kane. being first up, hurled the weight about 84 feet, Struck out—By Daily 8, By Fisher 5. and he was followed by a Normal man who man- Umpire—Scott. aged to toss the discus 91 feet 9 inches. The ROSE—NORMAL FIELD MEET. Normals went mad over this and hats and ban- Saturday, May 9th, was a perfect day for a ners of blue were waved overhead, while the field meet. There was not a breath of air stir- Poly rooters smiled up their sleeves and just ring and the thermometer registered about 80 de- waited. "Is that all you can do ?" said a Nor- grees. The events started with the 100 yard mal contestant to Turk. "Next time I'll throw dash and resulted in a start of nine points for it over a hundred feet," said Turk and he was Rose. Turk crossed the tape first, Lee second, soon given a chance to make good his word. and Willien third. The Rose rooters started With a pretty turn the weight left his hand and right here to get in some fine work and from sailing nicely through the air struck at 103 feet, this event on the cheering on the part of the 54 inches. There is no need to tell which side Tech fans was of the best. Hazard, '04 led in did the yelling when this record was announced. the yells and ran them through in quick time Peddle took first place ill the high hurdles in and fine form. The support given to the team great form and Modesitt made third. In the throughout the entire meet was fine and should shot put Byers was awarded first at 33 feet-, 1 have been a lesson in cheering to the Normals. inch. Turk Fat the shot at 31 feet but was The half mile followed as second event and once judged as having fouled so was only allowed more the grand stand went mad as Hahn took second place at 32 feet, 11 inches. A. Lee add- first and Johnson followed about two feet behind ed three more points by getting a close second for a close second place. In the standing broad, in the quarter mile, and Turk won first in the Turk with first and Randal with second place running broad at 22 feet, 1 inch. This is three- added eight points to our score. Willie!), A. Lee quarters of an inch behind the state record and and Larkins tied in the pole vault and shut out if it had not been that the event was at the end the Normals completely. So far so good and all of the program, it is certain that Turk could were happy. Then the 220 yard hurdles was have made 22 feet, 2 inches. The events ended announced and all were uncertain as to the re- with the mile run and in this Hahn gave us one sult. As we had no hurdles to practice on it of the most sensational and one of the prettiest was feared that the Normals might monopolize finishes that we have ever had the chalice to wit- this event. At the crack of the pistol the entire ness. At the 7/iths post Bryce of Normal was crowd rose to their feet and remained standing fully fifty yards ahead of Hahn. His own men until all of the three heats were over. First assured him that he needed only to keep up his place went to Normal, but Peddle and Modesitt pace and he would win. But they had neglected did fine work for us and obtained second and to take into account what Hahn was going to be third. We were somewhat surprised to win all doing all this time and so Bryce was surprised to three places in the running high jump and the see Hahn pass him and cross the tape about one yell was given with a vim when Turk, Wisch- f9ot to the better. Hahn could have had any- meyer, and Peddle were announced as having thing he wanted after that race. As he was car. 208 THE ROSE TECHNIC.

ried off the track he waved his hands to the root- undoubtedly win first place in the state meet at ers in the grand stand and seemed to still have Richmond, on May 16th. good wind. Lawton made a pretty finish and took third place. Captain Turk showed up fine- The second team played a picked team from ly, and taken as a whole the team's work was Brazil on the afternoon after the Wabash game. very good. The Poly team was never in the running, the final OFFICIALS. score being 7 to 0 in favor of Brazil. Slarier:—Prof. J. P. Kimmell, I. S. N. Referee:—Charles McCormick, R. P. I. Mr. L. A Toi 7alin has been elected manager 'lakes:—Prof. A. S. Hathaway, R. P. I.; Prof. F. J. of the track team Weng, I. S. N.; Prof. A. M. Patterson, R. P. I. to succeed C. C. McCormick, Timers:— Prof. W. P. Morgan, I. S. N.; Prof. E. S. resigned. Mr. Totizalin is well fitted for the Johonnott, R. P. I.; Prof. 0. P. Dellinger, I. S. N. • position as he is a willing worker and knows his Measurers:—Prof. R. L. McCormick, R. P. I.; Prof. busine-s thoroughly. Robert R. Gillum, I. S. N.; Wm. R. Heick, R. P. I. Scorer:—E. H. Bauer, R. P. I. Clerks:—H. S. Kellogg, R. P. I.; R. R. Fair, I. S. N. OTHER COLLEGES. Announcer:—J. B. Hessong, I. S. N. BASE BALL. RESULTS. At Bloomington—Indiana University, 3; DePattw, 2. 100 Yard Dash-1, Turk, R. P. I.; 2, A. Lee, R. P. I.; 3, At Philadelphia—Yale, 5; Pennsylvania, 2. Willien, R. P. I. Time 10! sec. At Greencastle—DePauw, 8; Notre Dame, 7. Half Mile Run-1, Hahn, WI'. I.; 2, Johnson, R. I'. I.; At Ithaca—Cornell, 10; Princeton, 3. 3, Sanders, I. S. N. Time 2 min. 12'1 sec. At Cambridge—Harvard, 8; Williams, 2. Standing Broad Jump-1, Turk, R. P. I.; '2, Randal, R. At Beloit—Notre Dame, 12; Detroit, 8. P. I.; 3, Beecher, I. S. N. Distance 10 feet. Pole Vault-1, Willien, R. P. I.; 2, A. Lee, R. P. I.; 3, In a dual field meet between Wabash College Larkins, R. P. I. Height 8 ft. 4 in. and Indiana State Normal, Wabash on by the 220 Yard IIurdle—1, 'their, I. S. N.; 2, Peddle, R. P. overwhelming score of 98 to 18. Reed, of Wa- I.; 3, Modesitt, R. P. I. Time 29'..! sec. bash, ran the mile in 4:51. Running High Jump-1, Turk, R. P. I.; 2, Wisch- meyer, R. P. I.; 3, Peddle, R. P. I.; Height 5 ft. 234 in. 220 Yard Dash-1, Turk, R. P. I.; 2, A. Lee, R. P. I.; Powell, of Purdue, throws the discus 111 feet 3, Probst, I. S. N. Time 22A sec. 6 inches. This beats the state record and comes Running Broad Jump-1, Turk, R. P. I.; 2, Kite'', I. S. N.; 3, Probst, I. S. N. Distance '22 ft. 1 in. near the western record. Mile Run-1, Hahn, R. 1' I; 2, Bryce, I. S. N.; 3, Law- ton, R. P. I. Time 5 min. li7.7 sec. In an inter-class field meet at Purdue, the Result in Points—Normal, 34; Rose, 83. Sophomore class won, with the Freshmen a close second. You may find a balm for a Lover crossed, Or a candidate defeated, caught for Notre But the only balm for a ball game lost O'Neill, who Dame last year, Is to say that the Umpire cheated, is coaching I. U.'s base ball team.

Turk jumped 22 feet in practice recently. This DePauw University will play Wabash College, is within 134 inches of the state record and should on Thanksgiving, at Crawfordsville. THE ROSE TECHNIC. 209

'A LITTLE NONSENSE, NOW AND THEN, IS RELISHED BY THE BESTOF MEW

It's taken Spring quite a little while to arrive up a song. It was all right at first but the first but its here at last. part was the only part they knew. We say this because wz are judging from the sound, noise, or Come out to the base ball games and you'll whatever you wish to call it, that resulted when wear "the smile that won't come off." they tried the second part. Several of the more sensitive passengers stuck their heads out of the One—a—strike—a windows. But, thank heaven, this little collec- Two—a—strike—a tion of sheds and one house came in handy, for Three a—strike—a—out just then the conductor walked in and putting Get off tile base, go chase your face hand to his mouth bellowed forth," Har- For Daily 's struck you out. his mony, Harmony." getting Soph:—How is your Scientific Society Welte, formerly of '05, has passed all his ex- on? aminations, except the physical one, for Annapolis Hahn's Junior:—Fine, thank you; Noodles and expects to leave for there soon. problem yesterday was to "find the height of a man given the atmospheric pres.sure." Hodge, formerly of '06, who returned home on account of ill health, was in town a few days to treasurer of the Wischmeyer has been elected settle tip his affairs. class of 1906, to fill Hodge's place. Turk suc- ceeds Eppert as an athletic director of 1906. Goode, who took the last term of Freshman work at Rose last year, has been visiting his Twenty-four fellows left for Lafayette (not Poly friends. flunks) on April 25. They were partly the team, partly rooters, on their way to beat Purdue. The A GIRL. train left Terre Haute about 7:20 A. M. and just You can teach her to paint, to embroider, and sing, before starting time the train shed resounded To ride on a bike and to make lemonade; her to love you, the dear little thing! with R. P., R. P. Now, you must know that a You can teach But you never can teach her how base-ball is played. few miles east of this city there is a couple of —[Ex. barns and a house with a shed near, called a station, and painted on this shed in big letters is Prof. Wagner:—You have designed a boiler the name of the place. It is called Harmony. which will just collapse. Well, the train was approaching this town (let's McCormick:—That's all right, Professor. I call it a town) when several of the fellows started wasn't going to run it. 210 THE ROSE TECHNIC.

Landrum (translating French):—His daughter was finished by Clara D. and Sly, resulted in a was singing on a dilapidated piano. dead heat.

Soph.—There goes an albino. Freudenreich:—There was a cow at the Ex- Goodman:—What is an albino, a Normal? perimental Station at Purdue that gave butter- milk. Prof. W.:—In Italy, in the old days, if a man McBride:—Well, what could a cow give but- had light hair he was considered noble. her-milk? Junior:—Tip would have been a god if he had lived at that time, wouldn't he? The Junior's have about concluded that the well known jingle given below fits Rankine pretty The tennis courts are now in good condition well: If there should come another flood and we ought to start a Spring tournament soon. For refuge hither fly, If all this world should be submerged If you enjoy rooting and believe it is a good This book would still be dry. thing, why don't you show your interest by paying the entrance fee of fifty cents and becoming APRIL 2. a member of the Rooters Club? During the sea- And the moon don't shine to-night so bright ta Wabash son the club will probably send men to cheer on For they met the R. P. I. at ball to-day. the team at their games away from home. See And the record they had won at other places Was abolished by the Poly men at play. Brosius and give him your name. Words of wisdom:—Now in order to do this ON THE RETURN FROM LAFAYETTE. you must know how it is done. The train came to a standstill on a sharp curve. At first we thought that they were taking on Palmer :—Talk about your fast trains, you water but after five minutes had elapsed and the ought to see the Empire State Express, why two train still showed no desire to start up we heard minutes after the train goes by, the shadow conies that there was trouble ahead and a delay would bumping along the ties. She's fast. be necessary. Well we did several things to kill time and finally having become tired of talking Jenckes:—What's that sign Professor? all were silent. Just at this moment the door at Prof.:—That means function of. Do you know the other end of the car opened and in walked the what a function is? conductor. McBride suddenly sat up and holding Jenckes:— Yes sir, its a social gathering. out his hand said in a loud voice.; "say conductor tell the engineer not to go around these curves Now this shows that the stone falls n2 feet per so fast." second. Robertson:—How can a stone fall square feet. One interesting feature of the Normal-Wabash Meet, which was held May 2, at the Fair Grounds, Falley:—Say, fellows, I'll bet fish would bite was the series of specialties which took place be- well to-day. tween the events. In the eighth of a mile Clara Prof.:—Well, if you work all those problems D. won by two lengths, and the relay race, which they won't bite you. 41. THE ROSE TECHNIC. 211

13 .c.,V I _r_AAT,n

PICH PROCESS OF BRAZING CAST IRON. original positions. In Europe it seems many complicated castings have been made in sections and then brazed to- T the Ameri- the regular monthly meeting of gether, there being less liability of flaws in such castings A can Society of Mech inical Engineers, April and the completed work being stronger than if cast in one 7, Air. J. S. L. Alexander read an interesting piece. Where a casting is cracked the preparation may paper on the Pich Process of Brazing Cast Iron. be squirted in from an oil can, the work then being heat- The following appeared in the American Machin- ed and brazed. Gears having one or more teeth broken out may be readily repaired, the teeth being put back and ist as a description of the process:— brazed in place. Mr. Alexander mentioned a number of This process, as stated in the paper, is the invention of interesting applications of the process, such as filling in a German, named Pich, and has attracted much more at- blow holes in castings—by coating th? cavity with Ferro- tention in European countries than here; Krupp, among fix, putting in spelter and then pouring in molten iron; others, having used it in putting together very large cast- brazing steel plates, large and small, to castings spongy ings. The author, according to his paper, first became in- or cracked; and brazing large machine beds which had terested in the process through seeing it used in repairing cracked in service. A number of small cast-iron blocks a large pump cylinder in Philadelphia; and he mentioned which had been brazed were exhibited, and also a photo- in the paper several other interesting examples of machine graph showing a heavy shear which had cracked in a pe- parts repaired by this process. The preparation used is culiar manner and which had been repaired by this pro- known as Ferrofix, of which, as our readers will remem- cess. He gave the cost of the preparation as being less ber, we have made mention at several different times in than cent per square inch of brazed surface. Cast-iron our columns. This is a dark brown powder, and is really specimens tested before and after the brazing operation, a metallic oxide, the action of which during the heating of it was stated, were increased in tensile strength from 5 to the metal is to burn out the carbon in the vicinity of the 10 per cent; the action of the preparation in removing joint. This powder is mixed with a liquid, and in the carbon really converting the metal near the joint into a form of a paste is applied to the ends to be joined, these low grade of steel. having been of course thoroughly cleaned. The parts are then brought together, the paste acting, in a way,, as a OIL TREATMENT FOR LEAKS IN CONCRETE. cement to hold them in place; they are placed on suitable supports and the gas or other flame is applied as in ordinary From the Report of the Chief of lingineerF, U. S. Army, 3902. brazing. The metal being brought to a temperature of N the fortification work at Fort Caswell, North about 1800 degrees Fahr., a flux—either powdered borax i Carolina, it has been found almost impossible, or some similar material—is applied, and then the spelter with the unstable subsoil, to prevent unequal is put on. The brass used may be hard or soft, according settlement and consequent cracking of the con- to the material to be brazed. When property applied this cover's the ends of the parts thoroughly, and a positive and crete. Various schemes have been tried to stop smooth joint is the result. The spelter evidently penetrates the leaking produced by these cracks (water- the iron for some little distance, as traces of it have been proofing not having been used in the concrete detected (under a powerful glass) fully 3 inches from the walls), but to assistant Engineer S. F. Burbank, joint. Some castings repaired by this process are chipped in local charge, is due the credit of a device at the end to form new surfaces before applying the Ferrofix. In other cases where small parts are broken which has resulted in an apparently complete out, these parts may be replaced and brazed in their solution of this difficulty. It was noticed that 212 THE ROSE TECHNIC. water falling on the concrete surfaces near the is a bearing which supports an arm, upon which guns, which had been coated with the oil used on the magnetizing coil of wire is wound. The the guns, was not absorbed. This led to a coat- other end of the arm carries a wheel without a ing of the entire concrete mass with boiled lin- flange, which rolls along the rail when the device seed oil. Where large cracks occur, they are is in operation, and is held five-eighths of an inch filled with cement grout, and the linseed oil is above the rail by springs, when the coil is not poured in as long as it is absorbed. There is energized. The object of this arrangement of an formed in the crack a gum from the oil which idler wheel upon the rail is to give a short mag- ultimately fills it to the top, after which the netic circuit. The lines of force, in this case, of entire surface is coated with successive applica- course, flow from the arm to the car journal and tions of the oil until it ceases to be absorbed. wheel, from the car wheel to the rail, from the Previous to the trial of this method the two rail to the idler, and thence through the coil- 12-inch emplacements were notably leaky, and wound arm. for the purpose of experiment the worst of the The effect of this mechanism, when the current two was selected and treated as above outlined, of electricity converts it into a magnet, is to hold with the result that it was made perfectly water- the car wheel to the rail with a force additional tight. Since then all of the emplacements of the to that derived from gravity. With an expendi- post have been treated similarly, and may now ture of two and one-half electrical horse-power be considered water-tight. to magnetise the four coils, an increase of 350 It is probable that it will be necessary to give per cent. in the tractive effort, is obtained, and, a coating of oil, at least near cracks, when the what is still more remarkable, the tractive effort concrete expands and contracts in the spring and does not fall off when the wheels begin to slide or autumn, but this will be comparatively inexpen- spin, but, on the other hand, increases slightly. sive and take very little time. A gratifying This is accounted for by the generation of eddy result of this oil treatment is the prevention of currents in the wheel and rail, when the slipping the glare from the concrete surfaces, which here- takes place. tofore has been particularly objectionable. The In the tests at Seattle it was found necessary resulting color is a brown, which is restful to the to grease the rails with axle grease in order to eye and blends with the color of the surrounding bring the slipping point of the wheels down to sand hills, making the emplacements very diffi- the limits of the motor capacity, when the mag- cult of detection from a distance.—Engineering nets were energized. The draw-bar pull upon Record. this greased rail, before the wheels began to slip was 1500 pounds. It was increased to 5250 MAGNETIC EQUIPMENT TO INCREASE TRAC- pounds upon energizing the magnets. TION. It is proposed to use this device to increase the OME interesting experiments have been made traction of steam and electric locomotives and S at Seattle, Wash., during the last two years motor cars. In electric railway operation, as it on electric railway trucks equipped with devices is conducted at present, probably the most valu- for increasing, by means of magnetism, the ad- able feature of this improvement is the increased hesion of the wheel to the rail, or in other words, braking power it affords for emerpency stops, the traction. especially where the rails are slippery, and for On each side of the motor casing and the wheel controlling the cars on steep grades. F. B. L. THE ROSE TECHNIC—Advertisements. The 11 South Sixth Street ..Callor.. for Elegantly Tailored Garments at Reasonable Prices. All garments of floulard J. Mater our own make pressed free. LVLRETT Terre Haute v• THE TAmou Laundry Company Suits $10 and up, Pants $3 and up Both Telephones 184. PERFECT Fl LARGEST SELECTION BEST WORKMANSHI LATEST STYLES 308-310 Cherry Street. 17 YEARS AT SAME STAND SEVENTH STREET, NEAR BIG 4 DEPOT I place at your sei vice workmen who hold Diplomas and Gold ED. E. LAWRENCE, Medals from Custom Foreman Tailor Association and Merchant Manager. TERRE HAUTE, IND. Tailor Association. 019 .219200192 ED EMEEE676 7€'670 50novrag CO CO W 0 L K E5 CO bla <„,,,\t RENOTVE 604 m0 V3

0 tV For your T D .9U % :L photographs W " (2I I W IF YOU WANT (V A W O DRAWERS, (V The 'Modern 8thdio I buy trj "SCRIVEN'S et) The Place You Can't Forget ELASTIC HOLDEN'S SEAM." )ik) UP-TO-DATE VA,1, THEY WEAR. 1A1 BARBER SHOP ,04,1 CIGAR STORE AND BATH ROOMS, 12 NORTH SEVENTH STREET r;1 FOULKES 131?0S. & 631 Wabash Avenue. NEAR POST OFFICE 04 Hatters Furnishers r)4 D4 WE USE THE ANTISEPTIC COMPRESSED AIR. EIMPHER92713:13.eigeigealEgg BELL 7671 CITIZENS' 369 Allegretti's Lowney's CROCOLATEy ij _JS Ermisoll Doing & °lulling Go. French Briar Pipes and Smokers' Requisites Athletes' Supporters, Braces, &c. 652 MAIN ST., TERRE HAUTE, IND.

Fine Work in Cleaning and Dyeing of Ladies' and Gents' garment - BUNTIN DRUG CO. N. E. Cor. 6th & Wabash Ave. THE ROSE TECHNIC—ADVERTISEMENTS.

B. G. BUDNUT, President. G. A. CONZMAN, Cashier. Vigo County,Mt,ional sank C)1' fEI1 Capital, $150,000. Surplus, $30,000 •MD MN GINNINININONIII NININNINNINNI IND NINIMINIONS ND• THE WARM WEATHED r ENGINEERING -DI SUGGESTIONS 1 MAGAZINE I SUMMER SHIRTS, THE ENGINEERING MAGAZINE publishes I the best original articles by the highest au- SUMMER UNDERWEAR, thorities on all phases of current engineer- SUMMER NECKWEAR, ing progress. SUMMER FANCY HOSE, Additional and exclusive features are: a I Review and Topical Index to the current STRAW HATS, LIGHT CAPS, contents of nearly two hundred engineering SERGE, CRASH and FLANNEL and industrial journals ; Current Record of COATS AND VESTS, and a very New Technical Books; Industrial News; large line of the same class of latest Improved Machinery and new Trade goods in SUMMER SUITS. Literature. I Every number is a valuable reference 1 -GET OUR PRICES ---- book for every engineer or student of engineering. Ask for sample copy and descriptive cir- THORMAN 86 SCHLOSS cular. ONE PRICE MERCHANT TAILORS 1 AND CLOTHIERS I THE ENGINEERING MAGAZINE. • N. W. CORNER FIFTH AND WABASH AVENUE 120-122 Liberty St. New York. I

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Always mention THE TEcHNic when writing to our advertisers. It may help us. THE ROSE TECHNIC—ADVERTISEMENT, HAVE TYPE-WRITTEN - by - THESIS RUTH NEAL, STENOGRAPHER, sag1,4 TERRE HAUTE HOUSE

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Our Swell Line of Straw Hats now in, and we are showing all A the new things. .*. See our Men's Shoes in Oxfords r) in the Walk-Over and Hanans. Cash Clothiers, Hatters and °) TUNE BROS• Furnishers. FIFTH AND MAIN (0 e,61.7xigezearamigazigesuaggoramonamamom paa0 THE ROSE TECHNIC—ADVERTISEMENTS.

Citizens Telephone 328 B II Telephone 671 avvow"...Nolkowewo"ftr.04,164•.44q0 GEORGE HASKET

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UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN PATENTS, DESIGNS, TRADE MARKS AND LABELS. ...PATENT JATTOIZNEYS... CHESTER BRADFORD BRADFORD & HOOD ARTHUR M. HOOD, Rose '93 SUITE 1235 STEVENSON BUILDING, INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Always mention THE TECHNIC when doing business with our advertisers. It may do us good BASE BALL TEAM OF 1903 DEmmiTT, 3d b. REGAN, Mgr. FREUDENREICH, 2d h. BLAND, C.f. MCBRIDE, 1st base. REED, C. DAILY, p. (Capt.) BOWSHER, r.f. CUSHMAN,I.f. SToDDARD, as.