Chinese Media and Cities 28 & 30 November 2017

Week 13. Architecture and Development Key Concepts

 Transnational  Global, local, national  “Chineseness”  ,  Danwei Phoenix Project, Xu Bing 2008-2015

Peking Union Medical College 北京协和医学院 Henry Hussey, 1916-1918 HSBC Shanghai 汇丰银行 Palmer & Turner, (Britain), 1921 Soviet Exhibition Hall, Beijing, 北京展览馆 Sergei Andreyev, 1953 Fragrant Hill Hotel, Beijing, 北京香山饭店 I. M. Pei, 1979 Chinese Architects

 Wang Shu (王澍, b.1963) won the Pritzker Prize, the world's top prize in architecture in 2012. Ningbo Museum (2003–08)

 Ma Yansong (马岩松, b.1975) The Concept of “Shanshui city” (1980s)

Beijing’s MAD Architects Chinese Global Cities

 Emphasis on the visual image: infrastructure, signature buildings, and the built environment

 Emphasis on the role of the state in directing the development of global cities Transnational Architectural Production in

 Colonial (1850s—1940s) One-way architectural exportation from the West to China  National (1950s—1970s) The New Socialist Country Soviet Monumental-style architecture  Transnational (1990s—) the global + the national Transnational Logic of Architectural Production The integration of the global market and design labor (commissioning and sponsoring architectural megaprojects) The CCTV Headquarters (中国中央电视台)

Rem Koolhaas CCTV Headquarters

 Harmony  Accessibility  Accountability  Circularity  Transparency (legibility) Liberalism  Not a Skyscraper

 non-hierarchical principle: no beginning or end, no top or bottom

 “irreverent, a can-do spirit, fearless and extremely confident” Rocco Yim, a juror in the competition that chose OMA

 the “virtual .” The Central Business District (CBD) 234 m (768 ft), 44-storey building The National Stadium (北京国家体育场)

Herzog & de Meuron Architekten The National Aquatics Centre 北京国家游泳中心

PTW Architects etc. The National Grand Theatre (The National Centre for the Performing Arts, 国家大剧院)

Paul Andreu The New Terminal (3) at Beijing Capital International Airport

Norman Foster etc.

798 Art Zone (798 艺术区， Beijing) Xin tiandi, 新天地 Shanghai Art District 草场地 艺术区, Beijing Tianzifang 田子坊 Shanghai Nanluoguxiang Beijing 南锣鼓巷 北京 四合院-Beijing Beijing Map 2008 Tiananmen (天安门)

 A Gate  An Emblem  A Square

 Monuments The Monument to the People’s Heroes

The Statue of the Goddess of Democracy (30 May 1989, Students of The Central Academy of Fine Arts)

Longtang (Alleys)-Shanghai Shanghai Shanghai Subway Map 2008 Shanghai

 Then and Now Colonial and Globalized Architecture Q. What are the commonalities and differences between these two?

 “A dialogue that is not between the global and the local but between the global and the global talking about the local” (Arif Dirlik, p. 37)  Nationalism/colonialism in parallel with nationalism/globalization

 “This architecture of globalization is the embodiment of a ‘visual capital’ that is recognized globally.” (Arif Dirlik, p. 50)

 “A Corporate Socialism” The Bund Oriental Pearl Tower

Jinmao Tower Shanghai World Financial Center Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates (KPF) Danwei 单位

 The “Compound” is a “small society” (xiao shehui) “with little need for inter-unit exchanges”

An Example of a “Compound” (danwei) Jianwai 建外 SOHO, Beijing 2000

Riken Yamamoto Pan Shiyi Linked Hybrid, Beijing 2009

http://www.stevenholl.com/projects/beijing-linked-hybrid Thames Town, Songjiang Florentia Village (Outlet)

Designer Outlet, Shanghai

The Big Roundabout Skyway Connecting three Huge Shopping Malls in Lujiazui, Shanghai  http://www.businessinsider.com/xi-jinping- hates-weird-architecture-2014-10

 Hallstatt China Michel Foucault

Q. How would you characterise the difference between an analysis of buildings and that of space? (The Foucault Reader, p. 253) Group Task

 Choose one of the following building projects and analyse it. (10 min) 1. Beijing Airport Terminal 3 2. Beijing CCTV Building 3. Lujiazhui Shopping Malls, Shanghai or The Place Shopping Mall, Beijing 4. Beijing 798 Art Zone 5. Linked Hybrid Beijing

 Then design your own (1) airport terminal, (2) media building, (3) shopping mall, (4) art district or (5) residential complex. (20 min)

• Main philosophy • Building material • The relationship between the building and space • Social relations • Budget • Ecology • Colour • Style ……