DOCSLIB.ORG

Phytochemical Composition of Ecballium Elaterium Extracts with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities: Comparison Among Leaves, flowers and Fruits Extracts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phytochemical Composition of Ecballium Elaterium Extracts with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities: Comparison Among Leaves, flowers and Fruits Extracts Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2020) 13, 3286–3300 King Saud University Arabian Journal of Chemistry www.ksu.edu.sa www.sciencedirect.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE Phytochemical composition of Ecballium elaterium extracts with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities: Comparison among leaves, flowers and fruits extracts Lynda Bourebaba a,b,*, Bienvenida Gilbert-Lo´ pez c, Naima Oukil b, Fatiha Bedjou b a Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland b Laboratoire de Biotechnologie ve´ge´tale et d’Ethnobotanique, Faculte´ des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Universite´ de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria c Foodomics Laboratory, Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, Institute of Food Science Research – CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Nicola´s Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain Received 19 September 2018; accepted 1 November 2018 Available online 13 November 2018 KEYWORDS Abstract Ecballium elaterium (squirting cucumber) is a Mediterranean plant used in folk medicine. Ecballium elaterium; Especially fruits and fruits juice are administered for several therapeutic uses, although they can be Cucurbitacins; toxic at high doses. In the present work, a phytochemical characterization of different parts of the Flavonoids; plant, namely fruits, flowers and leaves, was made. Extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatogra- HPLC-DAD-MS/MS; phy coupled to diode array detector and mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole analyzer Anti-inflammatory activity; (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS). Only one cucurbitacin, Cuc D, was found in the three extracts, and an Antioxidant activity additional one, Cuc P, was tentatively identified for the first time in fruits extract. Additionally, sev- eral flavonoids such as rutin, narcissin and kaempferol were tentatively identified in the plant. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and inhibition of human erythrocyte hemolysis mediated by AAPH. Results revealed that flowers extract was the most active one, with an EC50 of 46.01 mg/ml for DPPH and TEAC values of 489.11 and 160.97 mmol Trolox/g extract for * Corresponding author at: Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland. E-mail address: [email protected] (L. Bourebaba). Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University. Production and hosting by Elsevier https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.11.004 1878-5352 Ó 2018 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Phytochemical composition of Ecballium elaterium extracts with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity 3287 ABTS and FRAP respectively; despite the protective effect of all extracts in AAPH assay was rel- atively moderated. In case of anti-inflammatory activity, all extracts were active by inhibiting heat induced protein denaturation in a non-dose dependent manner, showed protection against hypo- tonic hemolysis and reduction of mice hind paw edema, 3 h after carrageenan injection; as for pre- vious tests, flowers extract exhibited the highest percentage of inhibition (82.93%) of hind paw edema at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Therefore, E. Elaterium flowers extract showed potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects similar to those exerted by the fruits. Ó 2018 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 1. Introduction E. elaterium has been used in traditional medicine for var- ious therapeutic treatments, including liver cirrhosis, rheuma- Inflammation is part of one of the fundamental physiological tism, hemorrhoids and sinusitis (Baytop, 1999; Uslu et al., processes responsible for a large number of acute, chronic 2006), due to its anti-inflammatory properties. It was reported and degenerative diseases. An inflammatory reaction occurs that cucurbitacins D, E and B present in its juice, decreased the in response to an alteration of the tissue integrity in order to levels of direct bilirubin and total bilirubin in human plasma restore the homeostasis of the damaged tissues, by initiation (Greige-Gerges et al., 2007). Additionally, cucurbitacin D of various complex mechanisms. The uncontrolled amplifica- (Cuc D) from E. elaterium possesses antiproliferative effect tion of the inflammatory response, if it is not controlled can on the non-small cell lung cancer cell line NSCLC-N6 lead to the generation of collateral damage and sometimes (Jacquot et al., 2014). E. elaterium fruit juice has been widely the development of irreversible diseases. The research of recent studied (Greige-Gerges et al., 2007; Rencuzogullari et al., years has thus evidenced the involvement of certain chemical 2006; Uslu et al., 2006), while scarce attention has been paid processes, notably the oxidation-reduction reactions triggering to other parts of the plant, as flowers, leaves or seeds cellular oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of inflamma- (Attard and Attard, 2008). tion (Lugrin et al., 2014). Oxidative stress results from the gen- On the other hand, the activities observed in E. elaterium eration of various oxidizing chemical species mainly reactive extracts have been always attributed to the presence of cucur- oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in bitacins, without considering the effect of other components of excess of the cellular reducing capacities, and to put it another the extract, as flavonoids. Some studies have demonstrated way, it is ‘a cellular imbalance’ between oxidants and antioxi- biological effects of plant flavonoids, including antioxidant dants in favour of the oxidants, leading to a disruption of and anti-inflammatory activities (Ahmed et al., 2005, Pietta, redox signalling and control and/or molecular damage (Sies 2000; Selloum et al., 2003, Ververidis et al., 2007; Wang and Jones, 2007). Oxidative stress conditions can modulate et al., 2014). Scarce literature of HPLC-MS analysis of E. ela- and accentuate cell death and extracellular matrix degradation terium extracts has been published (Greige-Gerges et al., 2007), due to the occurrence of biomolecular lesions that exceed any and it was focused in the detection of cucurbitacins, instead of repair capacity. Necrotic cells and damaged ECM in turn pro- in the chemical characterization of the whole extract. There- duce and release various intracellular and extracellular mole- fore, the aim of this work was to carry out a comparative study cules, acting as ‘‘alarmins” initiating inflammatory cascades of the three parts extracts of Ecballium elaterium (Leaves, through PRR recognition (Chan et al., 2012). The therapeutic Flowers and Fruits), in terms of their phytochemical composi- properties of medicinal plants derive from the characteristics tion and biological effects. Phytochemical composition of the of the bioactive secondary metabolites they contain. These sec- extracts was analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS using a triple ondary metabolites with biological activity in plants and other quadrupole analyzer. Antioxidant activity of the three extracts traditional nutrients that have a beneficial effect on human was also tested, as well as in-vitro and in-vivo anti- health are called phytochemicals (Adegbola et al., 2017). inflammatory effects. Ecballium elaterium (Cucurbitaceae) is a plant also known as a squirting cucumber, common in Mediterranean region. It has 2. Materials and methods been used in the traditional folk medicine of several Mediter- ranean countries, as Tunisia (Boukef, 1986) or Turkey (Han 2.1. Chemicals and Bulut, 2015). It produces a class of triterpenoids known as cucurbitacins, widely distributed in all cucurbit species. Cucur- Solvents used for extraction and HPLC-MS analysis were bitacins are a group of tetracyclic triterpenoids derived from the from HPLC grade ( 99%) purchased from VWR (Leuven, cucurbitane skeleton and found primarily in the Cucurbitaceae Belgium); 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH, family. These triterpenoids (present either in free or glycosidic 99%), ascorbic acid, Butylated hydroxyanisole form) are generally responsible for the bitter taste of the plants (BHA 98.5%), 3,5-Di-tert-4-butylhydroxytoluene that contain them, and are probably produced as a mechanism (BHT 99%), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-car of defense against pests (Rı´ os et al., 2005). These molecules boxylic acid (Trolox, 98%), 2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazo are known to possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological activ- line-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS, 99%), a,a0-Azodiisobutyramidi ities (He et al., 2013) such as anti-cancer (Jacquot et al., 2014), nedihydrochloride (AAPH 97%), Silica gel 60 mesh, i- anti-inflammatory (Attard et al., 2005), antioxidant and antimi- Carrageenan, Human serum albumin (HSA 97%), potas- crobial (Abbassi et al., 2014) activities. sium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]), trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 3288 L. Bourebaba et al. and ferric chloride (FeCl3) were purchased from Sigma- at three wavelengths, 230, 254 and 320 nm. Additionally, it Aldrich (Germany). Diclofenac and Indomethacin were recorded the spectra from 200 to 700 nm. Column and obtained in a local drugstore. Distilled water was deionized autosampler compartments were thermostated at 30 °C and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Morphological and Histo-Anatomical Study of Bryonia Alba L
    Available online: www.notulaebotanicae.ro Print ISSN 0255-965X; Electronic 1842-4309 Not Bot Horti Agrobo , 2015, 43(1):47-52. DOI:10.15835/nbha4319713 Morphological and Histo-Anatomical Study of Bryonia alba L. (Cucurbitaceae) Lavinia M. RUS 1, Irina IELCIU 1*, Ramona PĂLTINEAN 1, Laurian VLASE 2, Cristina ŞTEFĂNESCU 1, Gianina CRIŞAN 1 1“Iuliu Ha ţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] ; [email protected] (*corresponding author); [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected] 2“Iuliu Ha ţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 12 Ion Creangă, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] Abstract The purpose of this study consisted in the identification of the macroscopic and microscopic characters of the vegetative and reproductive organs of Bryonia alba L., by the analysis of vegetal material, both integral and as powder. Optical microscopy was used to reveal the anatomical structure of the vegetative (root, stem, tendrils, leaves) and reproductive (ovary, male flower petals) organs. Histo-anatomical details were highlighted by coloration with an original combination of reagents for the double coloration of cellulose and lignin. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and stereomicroscopy led to the elucidation of the structure of tector and secretory trichomes on the inferior epidermis of the leaf.
    [Show full text]
  • Angioedema Due to Ecballium Elaterium: Case Report
    ANGIOEDEMA DUE TO ECBALLIUM ELATERIUM: CASE REPORT KAVALCI C.*, DURUKAN P.**, ÇEV‹K Y.*, ÖZER M.* *Ataturk Training and Research Hospital Emergency Department, Ankara, Turkey **Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey Yrd. Doç. Dr. Polat Durukan Erciyes Üniversitesi T›p Fakültesi, Acil T›p AD, Kayseri Tel: +90 352 4374901-22332, Fax: +90 352 4375273, e mail: [email protected] BAfiVURU TAR‹H‹: 07.02.2007 KABUL TAR‹H‹: 17.04. 2007 ECBALLIUM ELATERIUM’A BA⁄LI ANJIOÖDEM: VAKA SUNUMU SUMMARY Ecballium elaterium is a plant belonging to Cucurbitaceae family. The juice is widely used, by people in the eastern Mediterranean region, to treat sinusitis, because of its inherent anti-inflammatory properties. A 38-year-old man was presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath, burning and sting sense of the eye and (eyelid swelling) periorbital edema. In this presentation we aimed to show the adverse effects of Ecballium elaterium used for treatment purposes Key words: Ecballium elaterium, emergency, folk remedies ÖZET Ecballium elaterium Cucurbitaceae ailesinden bir bitkidir. Do¤al antiinflamatuvar özelli¤inden dolay› Akdeniz bölgesi halk› taraf›ndan sinüzit tedavisi için s›k kullan›lmaktad›r. Elli yafl›nda erkek hasta acil servise nefes darl›¤›, gözde yanma ve batma hissi ve göz kapaklar›nda flifllik flikayetleriyle baflvurmufltur. Bu sunumda tedavi amaçl› kullan›lan Ecballium elaterium’a ba¤l› geliflen olumsuz etkilerin gösterilmesi amaçlanm›flt›r. Anahtar kelimeler: Ecballium elaterium, acil, geleneksel Ecballium elaterium is the scientific name of a plant belonging for his sinusitis. In the physical examination he was conscious, to Cucurbitaceae family.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Article
    FARMACIA, 2016, Vol. 64, 3 REVIEW BRYONIA ALBA L. AND ECBALLIUM ELATERIUM (L.) A. RICH. - TWO RELATED SPECIES OF THE CUCURBITACEAE FAMILY WITH IMPORTANT PHARMACEUTICAL POTENTIAL IRINA IELCIU1, MICHEL FRÉDÉRICH2*, MONIQUE TITS2, LUC ANGENOT2, RAMONA PĂLTINEAN1, EWA CIECKIEWICZ2, GIANINA CRIŞAN1, LAURIAN VLASE3 1“Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, University of Liège, 15 Avenue de Hippocrate, B36, Tour 4 (+3), 4000 Liège, Belgium 3“Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 12 Ion Creangă Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania *corresponding author: [email protected] Manuscript received: June 2016 Abstract The importance of the Cucurbitaceae family consists not only in the species that are widely known for various economically important human uses, but also in the species that have proven an important and promising potential concerning their biological activities. Bryonia alba L. and Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich. are two species belonging to this family, that are known since ancient times for their homeopathic or traditional use in the treatment of numerous disorders. There is clear evidence that links between the two species are not only related to family morphological characters, but also to a certain degree to the sexual system and, most importantly, to the active principle content or to potential medicinal uses. All these elements helped to include both species in the same tribe and may result in important reasons for heading future studies towards the elucidation of their complete phytochemical composition and mechanisms of the biological activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards an Updated Checklist of the Libyan Flora
    Towards an updated checklist of the Libyan flora Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 (CC-BY) Open access Gawhari, A. M. H., Jury, S. L. and Culham, A. (2018) Towards an updated checklist of the Libyan flora. Phytotaxa, 338 (1). pp. 1-16. ISSN 1179-3155 doi: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.1 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/76559/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Published version at: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.1 Identification Number/DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.1 <https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.1> Publisher: Magnolia Press All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Phytotaxa 338 (1): 001–016 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.1 Towards an updated checklist of the Libyan flora AHMED M. H. GAWHARI1, 2, STEPHEN L. JURY 2 & ALASTAIR CULHAM 2 1 Botany Department, Cyrenaica Herbarium, Faculty of Sciences, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya E-mail: [email protected] 2 University of Reading Herbarium, The Harborne Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Read- ing, RG6 6AS, U.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Botany. Lecture 36
    Rosidae, or rosids (Part I) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 36 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University December 3rd, 2010 Shipunov BIOL 154.36 Rosidae, or rosids (Part I) Outline 1 Rosidae, or rosids (Part I) Ranunculaceae—buttercup family Salicaceae—willow family Cucurbitaceae—melon family Shipunov BIOL 154.36 Rosidae, or rosids (Part I) Phylogeny of angiosperms so far Shipunov BIOL 154.36 Ranunculaceae—buttercup family Rosidae, or rosids (Part I) Salicaceae—willow family Cucurbitaceae—melon family Overview of rosids Shipunov BIOL 154.36 Ranunculaceae—buttercup family Rosidae, or rosids (Part I) Salicaceae—willow family Cucurbitaceae—melon family Main features of rosids Pentamerous flowers Often diplostemony (two cycles of stamens) Often hypanthium (cup-like receptacle) Free petals Most are trees Shipunov BIOL 154.36 Ranunculaceae—buttercup family Rosidae, or rosids (Part I) Salicaceae—willow family Cucurbitaceae—melon family General features of Ranunculaceae ≈ 2; 000 species Distributed mostly in temperate regions of both Northern and Southern Hemispheres Generally, forest or meadow plants Shipunov BIOL 154.36 Ranunculaceae—buttercup family Rosidae, or rosids (Part I) Salicaceae—willow family Cucurbitaceae—melon family Morphology of Ranunculaceae Mostly herbs Vascular bundles sometimes scattered (as in monocots) Leaves are complicatedly dissected or compound, alternate, without stipules Flowers solitary or in different raceme-like inflorescences; bisexual, mostly with infinite (> 12, irregular) number of stamens and pistils Petals originate
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships in the Order Cucurbitales and a New Classification of the Gourd Family (Cucurbitaceae)
    Schaefer & Renner • Phylogenetic relationships in Cucurbitales TAXON 60 (1) • February 2011: 122–138 TAXONOMY Phylogenetic relationships in the order Cucurbitales and a new classification of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) Hanno Schaefer1 & Susanne S. Renner2 1 Harvard University, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U.S.A. 2 University of Munich (LMU), Systematic Botany and Mycology, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 Munich, Germany Author for correspondence: Hanno Schaefer, [email protected] Abstract We analysed phylogenetic relationships in the order Cucurbitales using 14 DNA regions from the three plant genomes: the mitochondrial nad1 b/c intron and matR gene, the nuclear ribosomal 18S, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, and 28S genes, and the plastid rbcL, matK, ndhF, atpB, trnL, trnL-trnF, rpl20-rps12, trnS-trnG and trnH-psbA genes, spacers, and introns. The dataset includes 664 ingroup species, representating all but two genera and over 25% of the ca. 2600 species in the order. Maximum likelihood analyses yielded mostly congruent topologies for the datasets from the three genomes. Relationships among the eight families of Cucurbitales were: (Apodanthaceae, Anisophylleaceae, (Cucurbitaceae, ((Coriariaceae, Corynocarpaceae), (Tetramelaceae, (Datiscaceae, Begoniaceae))))). Based on these molecular data and morphological data from the literature, we recircumscribe tribes and genera within Cucurbitaceae and present a more natural classification for this family. Our new system comprises 95 genera in 15 tribes, five of them new: Actinostemmateae, Indofevilleeae, Thladiantheae, Momordiceae, and Siraitieae. Formal naming requires 44 new combinations and two new names in Cucurbitaceae. Keywords Cucurbitoideae; Fevilleoideae; nomenclature; nuclear ribosomal ITS; systematics; tribal classification Supplementary Material Figures S1–S5 are available in the free Electronic Supplement to the online version of this article (http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax).
    [Show full text]
  • Determination the Presence of Phytomelin in Ecballium Elaterium to Approve Its Folk Uses
    AAAcccaaadddeeemmmiiiccc SSSccciiieeennnccceeesss International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 4, Issue 2, 2012 ISSN- 0975-1491 Re search Article DETERMINATION THE PRESENCE OF PHYTOMELIN IN ECBALLIUM ELATERIUM TO APPROVE ITS FOLK USES NIDAL JARADAT *A, SHEHDEH JODEH B, TAMARA RINNO B, MAHER KHAROOF C, ABDEL NASER ZAID A & MOHAMED HANNON a College of Pharmacy, Najah University, Nablus, Palestine, bChemical Biological and Drugs analysis Center, Najah University, Nablus, Palestine, cJerusalem Pharmaceuticals Co., Ramallah, Palestine. Email: [email protected] Received: 1 Nov 2011, Revised and Accepted: 5 Dec 2011 ABSTRACT Purpose: this study aims to approve the folk uses for Ecballium elaterium [(L.) A. Rich.] for treatment of hemorrhoids, varicose veins also for nose bleeding in the West Bank-Palestine. We search about phytochemicals, which improve elasticity of blood vessels. One of the most famous compounds with that effect is phytomelin. Method: a qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytomelin from leaves, fruits, and flowers of Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich (exploding cucumber) in Palestine. After drying the sample for 30 days at 60 ºC, phytomelin was extracted using methanol. The methanol extracts of these parts were quantified using reversed phase liquid chromatographic method. Isocratic elution was employed using a mixture of methanol, acetonitrile and a 0.28% (v/v) of acetic acid (5:10:35). The flow rate was 1 ml/min. Results: calibration of the overall analytical procedure gave a linear signal(r>0.998) over a concentration range of 0.1 -0.6 mg/mL of phytomelin. The proposed method was successfully applied for quantitative determination of phytomelin in leaves, fruits, and flowers of Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Naturalized Vascular Plants of Western Australia 1
    12 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.19(1) 2004 Distribution in IBRA Regions Western Australia is divided into 26 The naturalized vascular plants of Western Australia natural regions (Figure 1) that are used for 1: Checklist, environmental weeds and distribution in bioregional planning. Weeds are unevenly distributed in these regions, generally IBRA regions those with the greatest amount of land disturbance and population have the high- Greg Keighery and Vanda Longman, Department of Conservation and Land est number of weeds (Table 4). For exam- Management, WA Wildlife Research Centre, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western ple in the tropical Kimberley, VB, which Australia 6946, Australia. contains the Ord irrigation area, the major cropping area, has the greatest number of weeds. However, the ‘weediest regions’ are the Swan Coastal Plain (801) and the Abstract naturalized, but are no longer considered adjacent Jarrah Forest (705) which contain There are 1233 naturalized vascular plant naturalized and those taxa recorded as the capital Perth, several other large towns taxa recorded for Western Australia, com- garden escapes. and most of the intensive horticulture of posed of 12 Ferns, 15 Gymnosperms, 345 A second paper will rank the impor- the State. Monocotyledons and 861 Dicotyledons. tance of environmental weeds in each Most of the desert has low numbers of Of these, 677 taxa (55%) are environmen- IBRA region. weeds, ranging from five recorded for the tal weeds, recorded from natural bush- Gibson Desert to 135 for the Carnarvon land areas. Another 94 taxa are listed as Results (containing the horticultural centre of semi-naturalized garden escapes. Most Total naturalized flora Carnarvon).
    [Show full text]
  • Biochemical and Molecular Evaluation of the Plant Ecballium Elaterium Extract Effects on Escherichia Coli
    Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 19(2): 1-11, 2018; Article no.JABB.43882 ISSN: 2394-1081 Biochemical and Molecular Evaluation of the Plant Ecballium elaterium Extract Effects on Escherichia coli Awni Abu-Hijleh1*, Ghaleb Adwan1 and Wafa Abdat1 1Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, P.O.Box 7, Nablus, Palestine. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Authors AAH and GA designed the study, wrote the protocol. Author WA conducted experimental work. Authors AAH and GA managed the analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JABB/2018/43882 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Sahib Gul Afridi, Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan. Reviewers: (1) Muhammad Shahzad Aslam, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia. (2) Morebise, Olugbenga, All Saints University School of Medicine, Dominica. (3) Chemweno Timothy, University of Eldoret, Kenya. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/26774 Received 19 June 2018 Accepted 04 October 2018 Original Research Article Published 23 October 2018 ABSTRACT Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxic effects of fruit and leaf ethanolic extracts of Ecaballium elateruim on clinical and reference strains of E. coli (E. coli ATCC 25922). Methodology: The genotoxic effects of fruit and leaf ethanolic extracts were determined by using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results: The results showed an alteration in DNA and protein profiles of both tested Escherichia coli strains treated with fruit and leaf extracts compared with untreated control.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Report Series No. 287 Advisory List of Environmental Weeds in Victoria
    Advisory list of environmental weeds in Victoria M. White, D. Cheal, G.W. Carr, R. Adair, K. Blood and D. Meagher April 2018 Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 287 Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning PO Box 137 Heidelberg, Victoria 3084 Phone (03) 9450 8600 Website: www.ari.vic.gov.au Citation: White, M., Cheal, D., Carr, G. W., Adair, R., Blood, K. and Meagher, D. (2018). Advisory list of environmental weeds in Victoria. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 287. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg, Victoria. Front cover photo: Ixia species such as I. maculata (Yellow Ixia) have escaped from gardens and are spreading in natural areas. (Photo: Kate Blood) © The State of Victoria Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning 2018 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence. You are free to re-use the work under that licence, on the condition that you credit the State of Victoria as author. The licence does not apply to any images, photographs or branding, including the Victorian Coat of Arms, the Victorian Government logo, the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning logo and the Arthur Rylah Institute logo. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Printed by Melbourne Polytechnic, Preston Victoria ISSN 1835-3827 (print) ISSN 1835-3835 (pdf)) ISBN 978-1-76077-000-6 (print) ISBN 978-1-76077-001-3 (pdf/online) Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Shape Quantification in the Order Cucurbitales
    ISSN 2226-3063 e-ISSN 2227-9555 Modern Phytomorphology 12: 1–13, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1174871 RESEARCH ARTICLE Seed shape quantification in the order Cucurbitales Emilio Cervantes 1, 2*, José Javier Martín Gómez 1 1 Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNASA–CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; * [email protected] 2 Grupo de Investigación Reconocido Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo, Universidad de Salamanca (GIR BMD-USAL), Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain Received: 03.10.2017 | Accepted: 23.01.2018 | Published: 17.02.2018 Abstract Seed shape quantification in diverse species of the families belonging to the order Cucurbitales is done based on the comparison of seed images with geometric figures. Quantification of seed shape is a useful tool in plant description for phenotypic characterization and taxonomic analysis. J index gives the percent of similarity of the image of a seed with a geometric figure and it is useful in taxonomy for the study of relationships between plant groups. Geometric figures used as models in the Cucurbitales are the ovoid, two ellipses with different x/y ratios and the outline of the Fibonacci spiral. The images of seeds have been compared with these figures and values of J index obtained. The results obtained for 29 species in the family Cucurbitaceae support a relationship between seed shape and species ecology. Simple seed shape, with images resembling simple geometric figures like the ovoid, ellipse or the Fibonacci spiral, may be a feature in the basal clades of taxonomic groups.
    [Show full text]