Amti -, La Tante Paternelle Qui, Elle, a Droit Comme Première Consonne, À Un « Ayn » Qui Est Émis Avec Rudesse, De L’Arrière-Fond Du Palais

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Amti -, La Tante Paternelle Qui, Elle, a Droit Comme Première Consonne, À Un « Ayn » Qui Est Émis Avec Rudesse, De L’Arrière-Fond Du Palais اﶺﻬﻮرﯾﺔ اﳉﺰاﺮﯾﺔ اﳝﻘﺮاﻃﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺒﯿﺔ République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire وزارة اﻟﺘﻌﻠﲓ اﻟﻌﺎﱄ واﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ Ministère de l‘Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique Revue de l’Université d’Oran 2 N° 01/2016 ISSN 2507-7546 Enseignement des langues étrangères en Algérie et mondialisation L’homme est destiné à vivre en société, à entretenir des relations avec les autres sinon, il est considéré comme un homme malade. Le contact avec l’Autre nous métamorphose et nous modifie. En somme, il nous altère ; ce phénomène d’altération dans le sens de mutation et transformation, représente une évolution permanente dans nos représentations, notre vision du monde…, et nous permet, tout au long de notre vie « d’apprendre ». L’apprentissage des langues étrangères peut être considéré comme un processus permettant de déceler les différences dans les formes de réflexion, et la diversité dans la vision des aspects socioculturels. C’est un ensemble d’opérations multifonctionnel dans le sens où il permet non seulement de découvrir une langue et sa culture, mais également d’intégrer les différences dans les formes. L’émancipation de l’individu et son épanouissement ne pourraient se faire que s’il y a acceptation effective de cette différence, tandis que, à l’opposé, le racisme embryonnaire ou totalitaire prendra forme dans le rejet de la culture de l’Autre. La rapidité de l’évolution du monde nous impose des contraintes qui nous obligent à développer des capacités à comprendre, à apprendre et à nous adapter. Si nous admettons que la langue est un outil d’enseignement et un médium culturel, alors nous percevrons clairement le rôle que peut jouer l’enseignement de toute langue, et son apprentissage dans l’apport culturel qu’elle peut véhiculer, et par conséquent de sa dimension culturelle. Ce numéro s’intéresse au phénomène de la mondialisation dans l’enseignement/apprentissage des langues étrangères en Algérie lié, aujourd’hui, à une dimension internationale et interculturelle qui se veut être le garant d’échange d’informations justes et non déformées sur les cultures des peuples, dans leur plus simple primitivité avec leur sacré et leur profane, leur lot de tabous ou leur rôle civilisateur dans le concert international. Revue scientifique de l’université Oran 2 Mohamed ben Ahmed 2016 Comité scientifique : Pr. Mohamed KAHLOULA (Université de Tlemcen) Pr. Abdelhafid OSSOUKINE (Université d’Oran 2) Pr. Rahmouna MEHADJI (Université d’Oran2) Pr. Hadj MILIANI (Université de Mostaganem) Pr. Hassen TRIKI (Université de Tunis) Pr. Driss REGUIG ISSAAD (Université d’Oran 2) Pr. Hamana BOUKHARI (Université d’Oran2) Pr. Farh SAHIL (Université de Moscou) Pr. Abdelkader OUALI MEHADJI (Université d’Oran2) Pr. Bouziane SEMMOUD (Université Paris 8) Pr. Abdellatif HASSINI (Université d’Oran 2) Pr. Noureddine BETTAHAR (USTO) Comité de rédaction : Pr. Mohamed CHERCHEM (Université d’Oran 2) Pr. Abdelkader BOUARFA (Université d’Oran 2) Pr. Ahmed Zineddine DELLIL (Université d’Oran 2) Pr. Nabila HAMMIDOU (Université d’Oran 2) Dr. Mohamed TABELIOUNA (Université d’Oran 2) Dr. Fouzia MIRAOUI (Univerité d’Oran 2) Contact : [email protected] Coordinateur Abdelhafid OSSOUKINE [[email protected]] 3 Ligne éditoriale La revue de l’université d’Oran2 est éditée par l’université d’Oran2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed. Elle publie un numéro chaque année, et couvre les domaines scientifiques suivant : droit et sciences politiques ; sciences économiques, commerciales et sciences de gestion ; sciences sociales ; didactiques et langues étrangères ; science de la terre et de l’univers ; sciences et technologie. اﳋﻂ ﻓﺘﺎ ﺗﺒﺎﴍ ﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﶊﺪ ﻦ ٔﲪﺪ ﺑﺒﻌﺚ ﳎ ﳏﳬﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﺑـ"ﳎ ﺎﻣﻌﺔ وﻫﺮان2"، ﺣﺚ ﺗُﺼﺪر ﰲ ﰻ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺪدا ﻣﻔﻮﺎ ﲆ ﲨﯿﻊ اﳌﯿﺎدﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ آﺗﯿﺔ: اﳊﻘﻮق واﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ، اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﻗﺼﺎدﯾﺔ، اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺔ وﻠﻮم اﻟﺴﯿﲑ، اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﺟﻋﯿﺔ، اﻟﺘﻌﻠﳰﯿﺔ واﻠﻐﺎت أﺟﺒﯿﺔ، وﻠﻮم أرض واﻟﺒﺔ، وﻠﻮم وﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﺎ. The editorial line Mohammed ben Ahmed University issued a court review labeled as the "The magazine of the University of Oran 2 ", It publishes a number each year and covers the following scientific fields: Law and Political Science, economic Science, business sciences, management, social sciences, didactic and foreign languages, earth science and the universe , sciences and technology. 4 Format des papiers soumis pour publication : Taille de la page 16x24 Taille de la police 12, 11 pour le résumé Interligne 1.15 Police LM Roman 7 Titres principaux police 12 en gras Sous titres, police 11 Un résumé et des mots clés en trois langues Les notes de bas de page sont classées de 1 à n Les tableaux, graphes, schémas et autres figures, doivent être réalisés en noir et blanc et en numéro noir Les numéros des tableaux et des figures doivent apparaitre au dessous des tableaux et des figures au centre. ﴍوط اﻟﴩ 1. ٔن ﯾﺴﻢ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ٔﺻﺎ واﳉﺪة واﻟﻘﳰﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ، وﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻠﻐﺔ ودﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺛﯿﻖ. 2. ٔﻻ ﻜﻮن ﺟﺰءاً ﻣﻦ ﲝﺚ ﺳﺒﻖ ﴩﻩ ٔو ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ رﺳﺎ ﺎﻣﻌﯿﺔ. 3. ٔن ﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻜﻮ ً ﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ٔو ٕﺪى اﻠﻐﺘﲔ أﺟﺒﲔ: اﻻٕﳫﲒﯾﺔ – اﻟﻔﺮﺴﯿﺔ. 4. ٔﻻ ﺰﯾﺪ ﺪد ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ 20 ﺻﻔﺔ، ﴍﯾﻄﺔ ٔن ﻜﻮن ﺪد ﺳﻄﻮر اﻟﺼﻔﺔ (ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ 19 و 21) ﺳﻄﺮا. 5. ٔن ﺮﻓﻖ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﲟﻠﺨﺺ ﻻٕﳒﻠﲒﯾﺔ، وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ ٔﺟﺒﯿﺔ ُﻜﺐ اﳌﻠﺨﺺ ﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﲆ ٔﻻ ﯾﺘﺎوز (150) ﳇﻤﺔ. وﺿﺒﻂ 5 ﳇﲈت ﻣﻔﺎﺣﺔ. 6. ٔن ﺮﻓﻖ ﺳﲑة ﻠﻤﯿﺔ وﲒة . 7. ٔن ﻜﺐ اﳌﻘﺎل وﻓﻖ اﻟﴩوط اﻟﻔﯿﺔ آﺗﯿﺔ: ﲩﻢ اﳋﻂ : 16 - ﲩﻢ اﻟﻮرق: (17| 24) ﻫﻮاﻣﺶ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ: ٔﲆ: 2.5 ﰟ ٔﺳﻔﻞ: 2.5 ﰟ، ٔﴪ: 2.5 ﰟ ٔﳝﻦ: 3 ﰟ. 8. اﻻٕﺎﻻت ﻜﻮن ٔﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ، وﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻗﺎﲚﺔ (اﳌﺼﺎدر واﳌﺮاﺟﻊ) ﰲ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ وﻓﻘﺎً اﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ: ﻛﻨﯿﺔ اﳌﺆﻟﻒ، اﲰﻪ: اﰟ اﻟﻜﺎب ( اﳌﻘﺎل)، اﰟ اﶈﻘﻖ (إن وﺪ)، دار اﻟﴩ، ﻣﲀن اﻟﴩ، رﰴ اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ، رﱗ اﻟﻄﺒﻊ. 9. ﲣﻀﻊ اﻟﺒﺤﻮث ﻠﺘﺤﻜﲓ وﻻ ﺮد ٔﲱﺎﲠﺎ ﺳﻮاء ﴩت ٔو ﱂ ﺗﴩ. * - اﳌﻘﺎل ﯾُﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ رٔي ﰷﺗﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ. 5 Submission Guidelines 1. This journal published original scholarly articles with novelty, scientific .value and accuracy of language documentation. 2. Articles should not be part of a published paper or part of a thesis. 3. Articles might be written in Arabic or either in English or French. 4. Submit a summary (15 lines) in English or French. When writing in a foreign language summary should be in Arabic. 5. Submit your short bio.. 6. Write the article according to the following technical requirements: Font size: 12 LM ROMAN - Paper Size: (16 / 24) Page Margins: Top: 2 cm Bottom: 2 cm, left: 2cm, right: 2 cm. Spacing : 1.15. The princpel Titel : 12 (G) Subtitle, Polis 11. 7. References are to be mentioned at the bottom of the page, and set list (sources and references) in a separate page arranged according to the follow-ing formula: The first name of the author, his name: The name of the book (ar-ticle), the name of the investigator (if any), publisher, place of publication, edition number, date of printing. 8. The article should have no more than 15 pages. 9. you can use The ( APA) method. 10. Articles are subject to expertise and are not returned to the author if being not published. NOTE: The articles reflect only the opinions of their authors. 6 SOMMAIRE Domaine des Sciences de la terre et de l’univers Mot du recteur 9 Abdelkader OUALI MEHADJI 11 Les minéralisations par médiation bactérienne Domaine des Sciences économique, commerciales et des sciences de gestion Abdelkader Djeflat 27 L’innovation dans les services et l’économie de la connaissance : Cas des banques et des assurances publiques algériennes» ; Mohamed CHERCHEM 49 Domaine des Lettres et langues étrangères Nabila HAMIDOU 71 Le système éducatif algérien : Entre modernité et ouverture, exemple de l’enseignement/apprentissage de la langue française Latifa SARI MOHAMMED 89 La Polyphonie et le fragment textuel dans l’écriture djebarienne: Le cas d’Oran, langue morte Domaine des sciences techniques Abdellatif Hassini 109 Forest fires remote sensing with spinning enhanced visible and intrared imager data Samir HOUAT, Nawal SAIDI 121 Etude numérique de la convection naturelle de Rayleigh Benard par la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau Halima BENAICHA 131 Weibull mélange pour l'analyse de la fiabilité 7 Domaine du droit et des sciences politiques William Graiche 147 Information warfare in the Arab-Israeli conflict, the invisible battalion? Christian Byk 161 Le difficile mariage du corps et du droit 8 Mot du recteur Parmi les produits naturels que doit générer notre politique de recherche universitaire est l’existence de revues scientifiques. Celles-ci, doivent concentrer et refléter les résultats des travaux et les contributions, les plus innovants, des chercheurs de notre université. Elles doivent leur permettre, assurément, de voir leurs efforts reconnus et valorisés, à travers des articles d’une grande qualité scientifique, présentant les résultats de recherche ayant des implications théoriques et des applications pratiques. Elles doivent leur permettre, également d’avoir une visibilité, pour eux et pour leur université, tant au niveau national qu’international. La création, entre autres, de la revue de l’université d’Oran 2 tend vers cet noble objectif, d’une grande portée stratégique pour notre université. Elle constitue un élément ô combien dynamisant de son développement, du fait de son caractère pluridisciplinaire, d’où l’espoir de la voir se hisser positivement au niveau des exigences du développement national, et au diapason de la réalité scientifique et technologique internationale. Cette revue sera, certainement, un motif de satisfaction et une source de rayonnement pour notre communauté universitaire. Le Recteur 9 O Ouali Mehadji, Les minéralisations par médiation bactérienne DOMAINE : Sciences de la Terre et de l’Univers Les minéralisations par médiation bactérienne OUALI MEHADJI Abdelkader* Laboratoire de Paléontologie Stratigraphique & Paléoenvironnements (LPSP) - Université d'Oran 2, Résumé La présence de matière organique dans les sédiments, en quantité suffisante, déclenche une chaîne de réactions géochimiques sous médiation d’un consortium bactérien. Insoupçonnées, ces archae (bactéries), produisent du méthane (= méthane biogénique), reminéralisent leurs environnements (sidérite, barytine, carbonate…), régulent le CO2 océanique (interactions plancton-chaîne alimentaire et acidification océanique) et atmosphérique (échange entre la surface de l’océan et l’atmosphère) entretenant une part des cycles géochimiques du globe terrestre, et dont les impacts sont à peine dévoilés ces dernières années.
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