Security Council Distr.: General 14 October 2009
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Armed Conflicts Report - Israel
Armed Conflicts Report - Israel Armed Conflicts Report Israel-Palestine (1948 - first combat deaths) Update: February 2009 Summary Type of Conflict Parties to the Conflict Status of the Fighting Number of Deaths Political Developments Background Arms Sources Economic Factors Summary: 2008 The situation in the Gaza strip escalated throughout 2008 to reflect an increasing humanitarian crisis. The death toll reached approximately 1800 deaths by the end of January 2009, with increased conflict taking place after December 19th. The first six months of 2008 saw increased fighting between Israeli forces and Hamas rebels. A six month ceasefire was agreed upon in June of 2008, and the summer months saw increased factional violence between opposing Palestinian groups Hamas and Fatah. Israel shut down the border crossings between the Gaza strip and Israel and shut off fuel to the power plant mid-January 2008. The fuel was eventually turned on although blackouts occurred sporadically throughout the year. The blockade was opened periodically throughout the year to allow a minimum amount of humanitarian aid to pass through. However, for the majority of the year, the 1.5 million Gaza Strip inhabitants, including those needing medical aid, were trapped with few resources. At the end of January 2009, Israel agreed to the principles of a ceasefire proposal, but it is unknown whether or not both sides can come to agreeable terms and create long lasting peace in 2009. 2007 A November 2006 ceasefire was broken when opposing Palestinian groups Hamas and Fatah renewed fighting in April and May of 2007. In June, Hamas led a coup on the Gaza headquarters of Fatah giving them control of the Gaza Strip. -
Light at the End of Their Tunnels? Hamas & the Arab
LIGHT AT THE END OF THEIR TUNNELS? HAMAS & THE ARAB UPRISINGS Middle East Report N°129 – 14 August 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. TWO SIDES OF THE ARAB UPRISINGS .................................................................... 1 A. A WEDDING IN CAIRO.................................................................................................................. 2 B. A FUNERAL IN DAMASCUS ........................................................................................................... 5 1. Balancing ..................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Mediation ..................................................................................................................................... 6 3. Confrontation ............................................................................................................................... 7 4. The crossfire................................................................................................................................. 8 5. Competing alliances ................................................................................................................... 10 C. WHAT IMPACT ON HAMAS? ...................................................................................................... -
When Palestinians Became Human Shields: Counterinsurgency, Racialization, and the Great Revolt (1936–1939)
Comparative Studies in Society and History 2021;63(3):625–654. 0010-4175/21 © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work. doi:10.1017/S0010417521000219 When Palestinians Became Human Shields: Counterinsurgency, Racialization, and the Great Revolt (1936–1939) CHARLES ANDERSON Department of History, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA On 24 September 1936, Palestinian rebel fighters conducted a multipronged assault on British targets in Nablus. The raid was testament to the growing boldness and reach of the rebels, whose power had waxed in late summer as their months-old insurgency deepened throughout the country. During what the military later purported was only a heavy barrage of sniping, the local commanding officer, Brigadier J. F. Evetts, took an extraordinary step as countermeasure. Fearing a decisive rebel offensive on the city’s garrison, he summoned the mayor, Sulayman Tuqan, to army headquarters. Tuqan believed that he was being brought in for consultation with government officials, but when he arrived, he was escorted to the roof of the building, where he was forced to spend the night as a visible, high-value human shield. -
Environmental Assessment of the Areas Disengaged by Israel in the Gaza Strip
Environmental Assessment of the Areas Disengaged by Israel in the Gaza Strip FRONT COVER United Nations Environment Programme First published in March 2006 by the United Nations Environment Programme. © 2006, United Nations Environment Programme. ISBN: 92-807-2697-8 Job No.: DEP/0810/GE United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi, KENYA Tel: +254 (0)20 762 1234 Fax: +254 (0)20 762 3927 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.unep.org This revised edition includes grammatical, spelling and editorial corrections to a version of the report released in March 2006. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from UNEP. The designation of geographical entities in this report, and the presentation of the material herein, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the publisher or the participating organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimination of its frontiers or boundaries. Unless otherwise credited, all the photographs in this publication were taken by the UNEP Gaza assessment mission team. Cover Design and Layout: Matija Potocnik -
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MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 3387 Hezbollah’s Secrets Explode—and Are Covered Up—Again by Assaf Orion Oct 8, 2020 Also available in Arabic ABOUT THE AUTHORS Assaf Orion Assaf Orion, a retired Israeli brigadier general and defense strategist whose broad research scope ranges from relations with China to Israel’s regional political-military strategy and policy, is the Liz and Mony Rueven International Fellow with The Washington Institute. Brief Analysis Hezbollah leaders are still trying to conceal their strategy of hiding military assets in civilian areas, but each self-explosion and Israeli exposure reveals more about the group's political plight, its persistent quest for precision missiles, and its skill with information operations. ast week saw another round in Israel’s efforts to expose Hezbollah’s precision weapons and its longstanding L human-shield strategy inside Lebanon, with the group inevitably fighting back through denials and cover-ups. As the new revelations and the group’s counterpunches make clear, the status quo poses a profound risk to both the Lebanese people and regional security. In response, Israel and the international community need to pursue more intensive information campaigning, integrative policy, and peacekeeping improvements. DUELING SPEECHES O n the evening of September 29, Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu addressed the UN General Assembly by video. Recalling the August 4 port blast in Beirut and the September 22 explosion in Ain Qana, he revealed the existence of a “secret arms depot” near a gas company in the capital’s Janah neighborhood, urging the Lebanese people to demand that Hezbollah and Iran “tear these depots down.” Shortly thereafter, the Israel Defense Forces published further details about Hezbollah’s Janah site along with two other manufacturing sites for precision- guided missiles in the Laylaki and Choueifat neighborhoods, both sheltered beneath residential buildings. -
'Precise' Strikes: Fractured Bodies, Fractured Lives
Israel’s drone wars: An update ‘Precise’ strikes: Fractured Bodies, Fractured Lives Front Cover image: Israel’s Heron TP drone at Tel Nof Air Force base, February 2010. Credit: UPI/Debbie Hill. Note: The term ‘drone’ is used interchangeably with ‘Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)’ Drone Wars UK is a small British NGO established in 2010 to undertake research and advocacy around the use of armed drones. We believe that the growing use of remotely-controlled, armed unmanned systems is encouraging and enabling a lowering of the threshold for the use of lethal force as well as eroding well established human rights norms. While some argue that the technology itself is neutral, we believe that drones are a danger to global peace and security. We have seen over the past decade that once these systems are in the armoury, the temptation to use them becomes great, even beyond the constraints of international law. As more countries develop or acquire this technology, the danger to global peace and security grows. Published by Drone Wars UK Drone Wars UK Written by Chloe Skinner Peace House, 19 Paradise Street November 2019 Oxford, OX1 1LD Designed: Chris Woodward www.dronewars.net www.chriswoodwarddesign.co.uk [email protected] ‘Precise Strikes’, Fractured Bodies, Fractured Lives | Israel’s drone wars: An update | 1 Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 “A RAPIDLY-GROWING DIVISION”: Israel’s drones and their operators 5 3 “ACCESS, PERSISTENCE, ACCURACY.” The humanitarian claims made for drone technology 8 4 “IN A MATTER OF SECONDS, THEY WERE CUT TO PIECES.” Life -
Beyond Human Shielding: Civilian Risk Exploitation and Indirect Civilian Targeting
Beyond Human Shielding: Civilian Risk Exploitation and Indirect Civilian Targeting Geoffrey S. Corn 96 INT’L L. STUD. 118 (2020) Volume 96 2020 Published by the Stockton Center for International Law ISSN 2375-2831 International Law Studies 2020 Beyond Human Shielding: Civilian Risk Exploitation and Indirect Civilian Targeting Geoffrey S. Corn CONTENTS I. Introduction ............................................................................................. 119 II. The Law of Armed Conflict and the “Basic Rule” ............................ 131 III. The Doctrine of Innocent Instrumentality ......................................... 145 IV. What Makes an Attack “Innocent” for the Purposes of the Innocent Instrumentality Doctrine? ..................................................... 152 V. Why Applying this Doctrine Will Enhance Condemnation of Civilian Exploitation ............................................................................... 156 Vinson and Elkins Professor of Law, South Texas College of Law Houston; Lieuten- ant Colonel, U.S. Army (Retired) and former Special Assistant for Law of War Matters and Chief of the Law of War Branch, Office of the Judge Advocate General, U.S. Army; Chief of International Law for U.S. Army Europe; Professor of International and National Secu- rity Law at the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General’s School. Special thanks to my research assistants Aby Lukos and Kyle Moore. The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the U.S. government, the U.S. Department -
Israel's Other Terrorism Challenge
The University of Notre Dame Australia ResearchOnline@ND Arts Book Chapters School of Arts 2010 Israel's other terrorism challenge Sandra M. Nasr University of Notre Dame Australia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/arts_chapters Recommended Citation Nasr, S. (2010). Israel's other terrorism challenge. In R. Jackson, E. Murphy, E & S. Poynting (eds.). Contemporary state terrorism: Theory and practice. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. This Book Chapter is brought to you by the School of Arts at ResearchOnline@ND. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts Book Chapters by an authorized administrator of ResearchOnline@ND. For more information, please contact [email protected]. (In Contemporary State Terrorism: Theory and Practice , Sep. 2009) ‘Israel’s other Terrorism Challenge’ By Sandra Nasr In the West, we hear a lot about terrorism in relation to Israel: Palestinian militants in Gaza using rockets to fire at Israeli towns over the ‘border’; and Palestinian suicide bombers strapping on explosives and detonating their payloads in Israeli cafes, bars, restaurants and buses. These attacks on civilian targets for the purpose of making a political statement are, indeed, examples of terrorism and Israeli civilians are right to demand that their government act decisively to prevent such acts. Yet Israel often responds to these terrorist tactics by adopting its own. When Israel sanctions and employs tactics which are designed to instil fear, humiliate, injure or otherwise cause harm to a civilian population for a political purpose, the state is guilty of state terrorism. Identifying those policies which constitute state terrorism requires an examination of both the intent and effect of actions (and inaction) by the state. -
Warning Civilians Prior to Attack Under International Law: Theory and Practice
Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen XIV Warning Civilians Prior to Attack under International Law: Theory and Practice Pnina Sharvit Baruch and Noam Neuman* primary goal of the modern law of armed conflict (also known as interna- Ational humanitarian law) is to protect civiliansasmuchaspossiblefromthe violent consequences of hostilities. Accordingly, the law of armed conflict requires that the parties to a conflict apply certain precautionary measures in order to mini- mize incidental injury to civilians resulting from military attacks. One of these pre- cautionary measures is the provision of warnings to civilians prior to an attack. This article will deal with this measure, and examine both theoretical and practical aspects of providing advance warnings of attacks. During World War II there were instances when civilians were warned prior to an attack. Advance warnings were also provided during other armed conflicts throughout the second half of the twentieth century; however, the amount, scope and specificity of warnings issued to civilians have dramatically increased in the conflicts fought since the beginning of this century. Probably the most elaborate and systematic warnings were issued by Israel in its conflict in Lebanon in 2006 and * Professor (Colonel, Israel Defense Forces (Ret.)) Pnina Sharvit Baruch, Tel Aviv University School of Law, Israel, and Lieutenant Colonel Noam Neuman, Israel Defense Forces. The opin- ions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily re- flect the views of the Israel Defense Forces or the government of Israel. We would like to thank Galit Rajuan, Nimrod Karin and David Benjamin for their valuable comments and suggestions. -
Operation Olive Branch: a Political – Military Assessment Dr
Foreign Policy & Security 2018/2 January 2018 Operation Olive Branch: A Political – Military Assessment Dr. Can Kasapoğlu | EDAM Defense Analyst Sinan Ülgen | EDAM Chairman Foreign Policy & Security 2018/2 Operation Olive Branch: A Political – Military Assessment Dr. Can Kasapoğlu | EDAM Defense Analyst Sinan Ülgen | EDAM Chairman Executive Summary Operation Olive Branch’s air campaign, especially at the already declared objective of clearing the entire Afrin its outset, marked the highest sortie– rates and the most province from PKK terrorist organization’s offshoots, then intensive operational tempo in Turkey’s cross–border mili- the second ground phase has to take place in the form tary record in the last decade. As reported by the Turkish of urban warfare. Considering the al–Bab offensive during General Staff, on the very first day of the intervention, the the Euphrates Shield, Turkish military planners should at- air force assigned 72 combat aircraft which is tantamount tach utmost importance to tunnel and trench complexes, to roughly 25% of the total F–16 variants and the F–4 2020s improvised explosive devices, and anti–tank guided mis- in the inventory.1 At the time of writing, about %10 of the siles (ATGMs). fighter arsenal have been flying combat missions over -Af rin. Despite the pilot–to–cockpit ratio problems, so far, the An alternative option to fighting a risky urban warfare Turkish Air Force is performing decisively. is to lay siege on Afrin’s town center, and force the YPG mil- itants to the leave. Although siege warfare is legal in terms The underlying reason of the abovementioned heavy of the law of armed conflict, such a risk–aversive concept bombardment strategy is to gain rapid dominance for the could only succeed when coupled with very effective infor- follow–on land operations. -
“Why Are the Jews Shooting at Us?”
Chapter 1 “Why Are the Jews Shooting at Us?” Before Israel’s 2005 disengagement from the Gaza Strip, Netzarim—a small Jewish settlement amid densely populated Arab areas in central Gaza—was a flashpoint between Palestinians and the Israel Defense Forces for many years. As a result, an IDF post was set up near Netzarim Junction, overlooking the main roads and manned by about 30 soldiers. On the morning of Saturday, September 30, 2000, near the beginning of what would become the second intifada, hundreds of local residents, many of them teenage boys, streamed into Netzarim Junction, hurling rocks and Molotov cocktails at the army post. Journalist Ron Ben-Yishai, who was at the post, stated that it came under fire from several direc- tions.1 The soldiers at the post returned fire, aiming at Palestinians who were carrying weapons.2 That morning, Jamal al-Dura and his 12-year-old son Muhammad left their home in the Al-Bureij refugee camp to buy a car. “We got in a taxi and drove toward Gaza,” the father later recounted. “When we reached Netzarim Junction, the driver stopped and said there was a riot going on and asked us to get out; he said he couldn’t continue . I got out with Muhammad and tried to cross the street, and then we got caught in a hail of gunfire coming from both sides.”3 A video of the incident shows the two pressed against a wall of concrete blocks, cowering behind a barrel. The gunfire continued for 45 minutes.4 “They started shooting at us and there was nowhere for us to go and no place to take cover. -
Amti -, La Tante Paternelle Qui, Elle, a Droit Comme Première Consonne, À Un « Ayn » Qui Est Émis Avec Rudesse, De L’Arrière-Fond Du Palais
اﶺﻬﻮرﯾﺔ اﳉﺰاﺮﯾﺔ اﳝﻘﺮاﻃﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺒﯿﺔ République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire وزارة اﻟﺘﻌﻠﲓ اﻟﻌﺎﱄ واﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ Ministère de l‘Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique Revue de l’Université d’Oran 2 N° 01/2016 ISSN 2507-7546 Enseignement des langues étrangères en Algérie et mondialisation L’homme est destiné à vivre en société, à entretenir des relations avec les autres sinon, il est considéré comme un homme malade. Le contact avec l’Autre nous métamorphose et nous modifie. En somme, il nous altère ; ce phénomène d’altération dans le sens de mutation et transformation, représente une évolution permanente dans nos représentations, notre vision du monde…, et nous permet, tout au long de notre vie « d’apprendre ». L’apprentissage des langues étrangères peut être considéré comme un processus permettant de déceler les différences dans les formes de réflexion, et la diversité dans la vision des aspects socioculturels. C’est un ensemble d’opérations multifonctionnel dans le sens où il permet non seulement de découvrir une langue et sa culture, mais également d’intégrer les différences dans les formes. L’émancipation de l’individu et son épanouissement ne pourraient se faire que s’il y a acceptation effective de cette différence, tandis que, à l’opposé, le racisme embryonnaire ou totalitaire prendra forme dans le rejet de la culture de l’Autre. La rapidité de l’évolution du monde nous impose des contraintes qui nous obligent à développer des capacités à comprendre, à apprendre et à nous adapter. Si nous admettons que la langue est un outil d’enseignement et un médium culturel, alors nous percevrons clairement le rôle que peut jouer l’enseignement de toute langue, et son apprentissage dans l’apport culturel qu’elle peut véhiculer, et par conséquent de sa dimension culturelle.