Bengaluru Metro Rail Project Phase 2B (Airport Metro Line) KR Puram to Kempegowda International Airport
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Environmental Impact Assessment (Draft) Vol. 4 of 6 June 2020 India: Bengaluru Metro Rail Project Phase 2B (Airport Metro Line) KR Puram to Kempegowda International Airport Prepared by Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (BMRCL), India for the Asian Development Bank. NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of India and its agencies ends on 31 March. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2019 ends on 31 March 2019. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Environmental Impact Assessment - KR Puram to KIA Section of BMRCL Table 4- 15: Results of Ground Water Analysis Std. IS Sl. 10500:2012 Parameters Unit GW3 GW4 No. (Second Revision AL PL 1. pH 6.5-8.5 - 7.32 7.62 2. Colour 5 15 Hazen <1 <1 3. Odour Agreeable -- Agreeable Agreeable 4. Turbidity 1 5 NTU 0.12 0.34 5. Electrical Conductivity Not specified 980 1797 6. Total Dissolved Solids 500 2000 mg/L 668 1217 7. Total Hardness as CaCO3 200 600 mg/L 232 476 8. Calcium as Ca 75 200 mg/L 72.0 136.0 9. Magnesium as Mg 30 100 mg/L 12.63 33.04 10. Chloride as Cl 250 1000 mg/L 84.14 260.25 11. Sulphate as SO4 200 400 mg/L 61.11 84.71 12. Dissolved Oxygen Not Specified mg/L 5.0 4.9 13. BOD (3 Days @ 27°C) Not Specified BDL BDL 14. Chemical Oxygen Demand Not Specified 6.4 3.2 15. Fluoride as F 1 1.5 mg/L 1.13 0.91 16. Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 200 600 mg/L 256 348 17. Nitrate as NO3 45 mg/L 25.07 11.33 18. Phosphate as PO4 Not Specified mg/L BDL 0.52 19. Sodium as Na Not Specified mg/L 79.33 112.83 20. Potassium as K Not Specified mg/L 5.0 1.68 21. Iron as Fe 0.3 mg/L BDL BDL 22. Manganese as Mn 0.1 0.3 mg/L BDL 0.022 23. Copper as Cu 0.05 1.5 mg/L 0.006 0.006 24. Zinc as Zn 5 15 mg/L 0.010 0.008 25. Mercury as Hg 0.001 mg/L BDL BDL 26. Total Chromium as Cr 0.05 mg/L BDL BDL MPN 27. E-coli Not specified <1.8 <1.8 Index/100ml 28. Total Coliform Not specified <1.8 32 169. Water Quality Requirement for Different Uses: For any water body to function adequately in satisfying the desired use, it must have corresponding degree of purity. Drinking water should be of highest purity. Each water use has specific quality need. Therefore, to set the standard for the desire quality of a water body, it is essential to identify the uses of water in that water body. In India, the CPCB has developed a concept of designated best use. According to this, out of the several uses of water of a particular body, the use which demands highest quality is termed its designated best use. Five designated best uses have been identified as given in Table 4-16. Table 4- 16: Water Quality Standards by CPCB for Best Designated Usage Class Designated-Best- of Criteria Use water Drinking A Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 50 or less Water Source pH between 6.5 and 8.5 without conventional Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more treatment but after Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 2mg/l or less disinfection Outdoor bathing B Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or less pH (Organized) between 6.5 and 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 3mg/l or less Phase 2B(Airport Metro Line) 87 Environmental Impact Assessment - KR Puram to KIA Section of BMRCL Class Designated-Best- of Criteria Use water Drinking water C Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 5000 or less pH source after between 6 to 9 Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more conventional Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 3mg/l or less treatment and disinfection Propagation of Wild D pH between 6.5 to 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more life and Fisheries Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less Irrigation, Industrial E pH between 6.0 to 8.5 Cooling, Controlled Electrical Conductivity at 25°C micro mhos/cm Max.2250 Waste disposal Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26 Boron Max. 2mg/l - Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria Figure 4- 26: Photographs of Water Sampling SW4 – Benniganahalli Lake SW5 – Nagawara Lake SW6 – Hebbal Lake GW3 - Bore Well near Kalyan nagar, Outer Ring Road Phase 2B(Airport Metro Line) 88 Environmental Impact Assessment - KR Puram to KIA Section of BMRCL GW24-Bore Well near Yelahanka, Airport Road ii. Inference on the water quality analysis 170. The inferences of the analysis of water samples are as follows: 171. SW-1 – Benniganahalli Lake: Based on the measured values for the water quality parameters with respect to dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (3 days @270C), total coliform and E-coli, water sample from Benniganahalli lake is likely to conform to Class ‘Dfit for propagation of wildlife and fisheries. 172. SW-2 – Nagavara Lake: Based on the measured values for the water quality parameters with respect to total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (3 days @270C), total coliform and E-coli, water sample from Nagavara lake is likely to conform to Class ‘D’fit for propagation of wildlife and fisheries. 173. SW-3 - Hebbal Lake: Based on the measured values for the water quality parameters with respect to dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (3 days @270C), total coliform and E-coli, water sample from Hebbal lake is likely to conform to Class ‘D’fit for propagation of wildlife and fisheries. 174. GW-1 - Bore Well near Kalyan nagar, Outer Ring Road: The measured values for total dissolved solids, total hardness, fluoride and total alkalinity exceed the acceptable limits of IS 10500:2012 (second revision) standards. MPN value for E-coli was less than 1.8. 175. GW-2 - Bore Well near Yelahanka, Airport Road: The measured values for total dissolved solids, total hardness, Calcium as Ca, Magnesium as Mg, Chloride as Cl and Total alkalinity exceed the acceptable limits of IS 10500:2012 (second revision) standards. Presence of e-coli renders water not suitable for drinking water without prior proper treatment. H. Land Environment 176. Bengaluru (Urban) district consists of Charnokites and peninsular gneisses complex. The peninsular gneiss is the dominant group of rocks and covers two-thirds of the area and includes granites, gneisses and migmatites with intrusions. Small patches of porphyritic granite are also seen in Bengaluru South and Bengaluru North taluks. 177. Bengaluru district lies over a hard and moderately dense gneissic basement which dates back to Archean era (2500-3500 million years). The principal rock formations are upper Phase 2B(Airport Metro Line) 89 Environmental Impact Assessment - KR Puram to KIA Section of BMRCL Vindhyan super group, Deccan traps and Inter-trappean beds, alluvium and laterite. These rock types represent different time segments within Archean era. 178. The study area is predominantly covered by red loamy and sandy soils, laterite soil. Red loamy and sandy soils generally occur on undulating land slope on granite and gneissic terrain. The soils are light textured and are highly leached in nature with good infiltration rate. It is mainly seen in the eastern and southern parts of Bengaluru North and South taluks. Laterite soils occur on undulating terrain forming plain to gently sloping topography of peninsular gneissic region. It is mainly covered in Anekal taluk and western parts of Bengaluru North and South taluks. 179. Five soil samples from the proposed metro alignment vicinity were analysed for 20 different parameters. The details of sampling locations and results of soil quality analysis are presented below in Tables 4-17 and 4-18. Table 4- 17: Details of Soil Sampling Locations Sl. Location Chainage (km) Soil Sampling Locations No. Code 1 S-6 Kasthuri Nagar Park (LHS) 0+600 2 S-7 BDA Park (LHS) 6+600 3 S-8 Lumbini Gardens Park (RHS) 9+600 4 S-9 Jakkur Plantation (RHS) 16+000 5 S-10 Agricultural Land near proposed Doddajala 28+800 metro Station (RHS) Table 4- 18: Results of Soil Quality Analysis Sl. Parameters Unit S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 No 1 pH - 7.87 7.73 7.43 6.86 8.01 2 Electrical Conductivity µs/cm 171.4 371 268 116.4 105.9 3 Organic Carbon Percent 0.28 0.23 0.17 0.28 0.34 4 Sand Percent 62.96 54.96 60.96 52.96 57.04 5 Silt Percent 27.28 35.28 27.28 37.28 29.2 6 Clay Percent 9.76 9.76 11.76 9.76 13.76 7 Porosity Percent 62.96 44.48 45.14 54.37 43.89 - Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy 8 Texture Loam Loam Loam Loam Loam 9 Available Nitrogen as N kg/ha 160.87 189.47 424.30 161.06 189.66 10 Available Potassium as K kg/ha 632.46 210.11 720.60 337.00 382.92 Available Phosphorus as kg/ha 172.26 164.49 244.79 11 392.45 120.45 P2O5 12 Calcium as Ca meq/L 7.3 6.1 7.7 4.0 5.0 13 Magnesium as Mg meq/L 0.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.4 14 Sodium as Na mg/100gm 6.30 16.84 3.90 9.14 16.04 15 Boron as B mg/100gm BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 16 Iron as Fe Ppm 112.17 42.282 111.518 53.264 35.74 17 Zinc as Zn mg/kg 13.1 8.3 24.1 5.5 3.5 18 Manganese as Mn mg/kg 215.8 82.6 285.4 120.6 47.7 19 Molybdenum as Mo mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 20 Copper as Cu mg/kg 9.1 5.2 15.3 5.5 12.7 21 Aluminum as Al mg/kg 4463.9 2010.6 3699.8 2035.2 1028.6 BDL: Below Detectable Limit.