DOCSLIB.ORG

Development of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Iran: Part II-Advances in Research and Therapeutic Modalities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Development of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Iran: Part II-Advances in Research and Therapeutic Modalities Arch Iranian Med 2009; 12 (5): 516 – 525 History of Contemporary Medicine Development of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Iran: Part II-Advances in Research and Therapeutic Modalities Mehdi Saberifiroozi MD•*,**, Seid-Hossein Mir-Madjlessi MD*,*** Abstract The first attempts to start research activities and try Following the establishment of Gastroenterology to publish papers in this field were started in Shiraz and Hepatology Fellowship Programs in 1987, and Tehran after 1960.2,3 According to published significant developments in research and health articles, the major diseases during 1970’s were care delivery have been achieved. The number of published articles has increased significantly and upper GI cancers, liver cirrhosis of liver, now more than 10 approved research centers are immunoprolifertive small intestinal disease involved in several longitudinal and population (IPSID), and peritoneal tuberculosis. According to based studies in GI epidemiology, viral hepatitis and K. Nasr important factors which promoted the GI oncology around the country. research activities in Shiraz University in the Before 1987 less than 50 gastroenterologists were working in the country, but now more than 300 1960s and 1970s were: requirement of publication gastroenterologists are involved in public and in good journals for academic promotion, full time private health care delivery systems. Advanced system for academic staff, good medical charts in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedures hospitals, good laboratory, pathology and and complex surgical procedures such as liver transplantation are a routine now. radiology services, and very high rates of autopsy, These achievements are indicative of hard work which were available in a few academic centers at and determination of dedicated physicians after the that time.4 It should be emphasized that in the 90s Islamic Revolution, and the support of governmental and after 2000, significant improvements have and non-governmental sectors. The future prospect been done in the quantity and quality of research in of development in the discipline of gastroenterology and hepatology in Iran seems to be very all universities of Iran, which can be related to encouraging. increasing number of academic staff and research centers, more longitudinal and population based Keywords: Gastroenterology • history of studies and positive attitude of the government to medicine • Iran research for development of the country.5 The list of scientists who have published more than 20 Introduction papers and their corresponding h-factor are shown efore the establishment of subspecialty in Table 1 and the list of highly cited papers in training program in gastroenterology gastroenterology and digestive oncology are shown and hepatology in 1976, which was a in Tables 2 and 3. In Table 4 the research centers B with at least 5 years of age are shown with their major step in the progress of this subspecialty in Iran, there were few published articles in scientific output and the corresponding h-factor. international peer reviewed journals in this field.1 The accomplishments in the field of research can be summarized as follows: Authors’ affiliations: *Digestive Disease Research Center, Viral hepatitis and cirrhosis Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, **Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Cirrhosis and its complications have been the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, ***Iranian Medical most common diagnosis among patients admitted Institute, Tehran, Iran. 2,3 6 •Corresponding author and reprints: Mehdi Saberi-Firoozi MD, in GI wards from 1960s to the present time Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, (Table 1). Dr. Borhanmanesh in Shiraz was among Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. the first scientists who did clinical research on E-mail: [email protected] Accepted for publication: 29 April 2009 cirrhosis and published papers about viral etiology 516 Archives of Iranian Medicine, Volume 12, Number 5, September 2009 M. Saberifiroozi, S. H. Mir-Madjlessi Table 1. Scientists in the field of clinical gastroenterology with their corresponding h-factor (2000 – 2009) from Scopus July 2009. Rank Name of scientist Affiliation All documents h-factor 1 Reza Malekzadeh DDRC/TUMS 162 19 2 Mohammad Reza Zali GLRC/SBUMS 100 8 3 Sadegh Massarrat GLRC/SBUMS 88 9 4 Kamran Bagheri Lankarani GERC/SUMS 43 6 5 Seyed Moid Alavain BRCG/BUMS 40 9 6 Shahin Merat DDRC/TUMS 30 12 7 Mehdi Mohamadnejad DDRC/TUMS 37 9 8 Siavosh Nasseri-Moghaddam DDRC/TUMS 28 9 9 Mehdi Saberifiroozi GERC/SUMS 27 7 10 Pourshams Akram DDRC/TUMS 23 10 11 Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani DDRC/TUMS 22 5 RC=research center; DDRC=digestive disease research center; TUMS=Tehran University of Medical Sciences; GLRC=gastroenterology and liver disease research center; SBUMS=Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; GEHRC=gastroenterology and hepatology research center; SUMS=Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; RCGL=research center for gastroenterology and liver disease; BUMS=Baghiatallah University of Medical Sciences and complications of cirrhosis.7–8 No major journal is published by the “Research Center for progress happened before 1980 when following Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases” of availability of serologic tests for diagnosis of viral Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, in hepatitis it was recognized that HBV is the Tehran. It is the official journal of the “Iranian etiology of nearly 70% of cirrhosis with its Hepatitis Network” and is indexed in the web of complications in Iran.9,10 science (http://hepmon.com). During the last 30 years after revolution a major Liver transplantation was established for the progress5 happened in the field of viral hepatitis first time in Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz,13 by Ali and cirrhosis with more than 100 papers published Malekhosseini and his team. This center is doing about viral hepatitis and cirrhosis in international more than 150 transplants each year. The second journals reporting advances in diagnosis and center for Liver Transplant has already been treatment of HBV.11,12 A new journal in the field of started in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran.83 viral hepatitis named “Hepatitis Monthly” was Iranian scientists were among the first group of founded in 2002 by S.M. Alavian. This clinical researchers who started Stem cell transplant for Table 2. Top Ten highly cited gastroenterology or hepatology papers from Iran during 1995 – 2009. Source: Scopus July 2009. Numbers Type of Rank Title of manuscript First and CC authors Affiliation Journal/year of research citations Omeprazole in reducing Kaviani, Hashemi Alim Pharm Ther 1 re-bleeding in peptic RCT SUMS/DDRC 63 SUMS/DDRC 2003 ulcer Probucol in treatment of J Hepatol 2 RCT Merat, Malekzadeh DDRC/TUMS 50 Nash 2003 Prevalence APD and IBS Eur J Gastro Hep 3 Observational Massarrat, Saberfirozi SUMS 47 In Iran 1995 Alim Pharm Ther 4 Botax/ PD in Achalasia RCT Mikaeli, Malekzadeh DDRC/TUMS 46 2001 Clarith vs. furazol in HP Alim Pharm Ther 5 RCT Fakheri, Malekzadeh DDRC/TUMS 43 eradication 2001 6 Celiac in IBS CCS Shahbazkhani, Malekzadeh DDRC/TUMS Alim Pharm Ther 43 Prevalence of celiac in Eur J Gastro Hep 7 observational Shahbazkhani, Malekzadeh DDRC/TUMS 42 Iranian blood donors 2003 Effect of triple therapy Am J 8 ….eradication of RCT Saberi-Firoozi, Massarrat SUMS Gastroenterol 41 Helicobacter pylori 1995 Cyclosporin A in Malekzadeh, Naserri- Dig Dis Sci 9 RCT DDRC/TUMS 35 autoimmune hepatitis Moghaddam 2001 HCV risk factors in blood J Gastro 10 CCS Alavian, Massarrat RCGL/DDRC 35 donors Hep2002 RC=research center; DDRC=digestive disease research center; TUMS=Tehran University of Medical Sciences; GLRC= gastroenterology and liver disease research center; SBUMS=Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; GEHRC= gastroenterology and hepatology research center; SUMS=Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; RCGL=research center for gastroenterology and liver disease; BUMS=Baghiatallah University of Medical Sciences Archives of Iranian Medicine, Volume 12, Number 5, September 2009 517 Development of gastroenterology and hepatology in Iran Table 3. Top ten highly cited digestive oncology papers from Iran during 1970 – 2008. Source: Scopus January 2009 Number of Rank Title of Manuscript Type of Research First &CC authors Affiliation Journal/year citations 1 Esoph. cancer in the Kmet, IPHR/ Caspian littoral initial Observational Science 1972 130 Mahboubi TUMS/IARC studies 2 Esophageal cancer in the Observational Mahboubi IPHR /TUMS JNCI 1977 52 Caspian littoral 3 IPSID Review Khojasteh, New Eng J Med Review article SUMS 43 Haghshenas, 1983 4 Ardabil Cancer registry Sadjadi, Int J Cancer Observational DDRC/TUMS 42 Malekzadeh 2003 5 Precancerous lesions in JCP Interventional Malekzadeh DDRC/TUMS 33 Ardabil 2004 6 Caspian Cancer Registry IPHR/ BJC Observational Mahboubi, Kemet 32 TUMS/IARC 1973 7 Esophageal cancer in NE Saidi, BJC Interventional SBUMS 30 Iran Sepehr 2000 8 Epidem. of upper GI Islami, BJC Observational DDRC/TUMS 26 Cancer Malekzadeh 2004 9 Golestan cohort Pilot Phase Pourshams, BJC Observational DDRC/TUMS 21 study Malekzadeh 2005 10 Cancer occurrence in Iran Sadjadi, APCP Observational DDRC/TUMS 21 in 2002 Malekzadeh 2005 11 Colorectal in cancer Ansari, Cancer Letter Observational DDRC/TUMS 16 Malekzadeh 2006 RC=research center; DDRC=digestive disease research center; TUMS: Tehran University of Medical Sciences; GLRC=gastroenterology and liver disease research
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Endoscopy During COVID-19 Pandemic
    DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2020.186 Editorial 217 Endoscopy during COVID-19 Pandemic Anahita Sadeghi 1, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani 2,* Please cite this paper as: 1. Digestive Disease Research Institute, Sadeghi A, Bagheri Lankarani K. Commentary: Endoscopy during COVID-19 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pandemic. Middle East J Dig Dis 2020;12:217-219. doi: 10.34172/mejdd.2020.186. Tehran, Iran 2. Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz INTRODUCTION University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a major global health threat. The infected patients may present with a broad spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms, from being asymptomatic to developing flu-like symptoms or pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi- organ failure, and death. 1, 2 Gastrointestinal symptoms are also common in patients with COVID-19, and some cases may first present with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea even without other symptoms. 3, 4 Although viral transmission is primarily through small respiratory droplets and direct contact, there is also the possibility of both bioaerosol transmission and fecal contamination.4 Furthermore, there is evidence of viral shedding in asymptomatic subjects or during the long incubation period of the virus. 5 That is why all healthcare providers, staff, and even patients of the endoscopy department are at great risk of COVID-19 infection, and therefore, special precautions for disease prevention should be taken to ensure their safety. Gastroenterologists are at higher risk for COVID-19 by respiratory and fecal-oral routes. Among 480 gastroenterologists, 10.6% had confirmed COVID-19 in Iran. 6 With this background, the “Guideline on Endoscopy during COVID-19 Pandemic” in Iran was compiled and edited based on the consensus of a group of gastroenterologists on the latest knowledge and international guidelines, as well as the survey of colleagues’ opinions and experiences in this context.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    Curriculum Vitae Personal Information Name: Ramin Niknam Associate professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology MD Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) Completion date: 2020 Publications of Articles 1. COVID-19 in Liver Transplant Patients: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature. International Medical Case Reports Journal 2020:13 2. Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components with Severity of Acute Pancreatitis. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2020:13 3. Association Between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome with Gallstone Disease, South Iran: A Population-Based Study. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2020:13 4. Socioeconomic - related inequalities in overweight and obesity: findings from the PERSIAN cohort study. BMC Public Health; (2020) 20:214 5. A preliminary report on the use of Midodrine in treating refractory gastroesophageal disease: Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Acta Biomed 2020; Vol. 91, N. 1: 70-78 1 6. Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava with Cardiac Extension; A Rare Cause of Acute Liver Failure. Govaresh/ Vol. 25, No.1, Spring 2020; 73-76. 7. The pregnancy-associated gastric cancer: a case report and review of the literature. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2020 Jan 20:1-2. 8. The Association Between Prolonged Proton Pump Inhibitors Use and Bone Mineral Density. December 2019. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy Helicobacter pylori, Endoscopic, And Histologic Features Among Kidney Transplant Candidates In Southern Iran. Infection and Drug Resistance. November 2019. 9. Community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): the impact of training courses. June 2019 10. Economic impact of pharmacist interventions on correction of stress-related mucosal damage prophylaxis practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Iranian Presidential Elections, 2013
    ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮ Unit of Contemporary Political Thought www.kfcris.com A monthly report issued by the Unit of Contemporary Political Thought for the analysis and evaluation of crucial events in the Islamic world Iranian Presidential Elections, 2013 - Factions, Personalities and Contrasts in the late post- Khomeini period. - Run-up to 2013 Elections. - The New President: Background Profile and Relationship with other bodies. - The New President: His views on Iranian Foreign Policy Perspective (in terms of the regional neighbors). - Rowhani and Nuclear Issue Issue 3, June,2013 © KFCRIS, 2013 or over three decades, presidential elections in FIran have been a defining moment of transition in different political periods of the Islamic Republic. A unique state institution, the presidency in Iran is at once hampered by constitutional restrictions on the power and authority of its incumbent and a desired target for factions internal to the political regime and ambitious politicians alike. The eleventh presidential elections of the Islamic Republic were held on June 15 2013 and presented several marked differences with respect to the previous presidential contest of 12 June 2009. The most visible of these was the absence of any sizable instances of violence, both before and after the poll, and of any intra-elite strife. None of the campaign teams furthermore produced complaints on broad or systematic fraud, and accepted the results swiftly. All of this is in marked contrast with four years ago, when two of the four final candidates, Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi, voiced concern about the possibility of wide scale falsification of the electoral results prior to the vote and then effectively never recognized the validity of the results released by the Interior ministry, setting off the wave of protest, strife and inner-regime crisis that are yet to be fully resolved.
    [Show full text]
  • Being Transgender in Iran
    Human Rights Report Being Transgender in Iran Human Rights Report: Being Transgender in Iran 1 About OutRight Every day around the world, LGBTIQ people’s human rights and dignity are abused in ways that shock the conscience. The stories of their struggles and their resilience are astounding, yet remain unknown—or willfully ignored—by those with the power to make change. OutRight Action International, founded in 1990 as the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, works alongside LGBTIQ people in the Global South, with offices in six countries, to help identify community-focused solutions to promote policy for lasting change. We vigilantly monitor and document human rights abuses to spur action when they occur. We train partners to expose abuses and advocate for themselves. Headquartered in New York City, OutRight is the only global LGBTIQ-specific organization with a permanent presence at the United Nations in New York that advocates for human rights progress for LGBTIQ people. [email protected] https://www.facebook.com/outrightintl http://twitter.com/outrightintl http://www.youtube.com/lgbthumanrights http://OutRightInternational.org/iran OutRight Action International 80 Maiden Lane, Suite 1505, New York, NY 10038 U.S.A. P: +1 (212) 430.6054 • F: +1 (212) 430.6060 This work may be reproduced and redistributed, in whole or in part, without alteration and without prior written permission, solely for nonprofit administrative or educational purposes provided all copies contain the following statement: © 2016 OutRight Action International. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of OutRight Action International. No other use is permitted without the express prior written permission of OutRight Action International.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents Title Page
    Table of Contents Title Page 1 Preface The first edition of Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences' book published in 2006 was aimed to introduce permanent members of this academy and its scientific structure. Considering the development of strategic planning of the Academy in 2010, modification of the statute of Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences in 2011 and also election of new permanent members, the preparation and publication of the second edition of Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences' book seemed unavoidable. The scientific and functional structures of the Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences like all other academicals centers in the world has been evaluated upon opportunities, threatens and experiences in the past years and they have been developed into strategic plan that a summary of it and new statute of the Academy are included in this book. Another important part of this book is introduction and provision of a summary on scientific background of permanent member of the Academy. A brief summary on scientific background of each permanent member is finalized by the help of them and a frequent follow-up and will be more completed in next editions. The Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences look forward to carry out the monitoring and theorizing mission in countries' health section with the help of professors, researchers and scholars in all fields of medical sciences and is very keen to take advantages of the guidance and experience of theoretical and practical knowledge of science lovers along with the aims and goals of the Academy Dr. Seyed Alireza Marandi President President of Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences 2 Honorary Members Name Date of Membership Esmail Meisami; Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran in Transition Rouhani 9, Shirin Ahmadnia 10, Alireza Ahmadvand
    Iran in transition Author Danaei, Goodarz, Farzadfar, Farshad, Kelishadi, Roya, Rashidian, Arash, Rouhani, Omid M, Ahmadnia, Shirin, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Arabi, Mandana, Ardalan, Ali, Arhami, Mohammad, Azizi, Mohammad Hossein, Bahadori, Moslem, Baumgartner, Jill, Beheshtian, Arash, et al. Published 2019 Journal Title The Lancet Version Accepted Manuscript (AM) DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33197-0 Copyright Statement © 2019 Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, providing that the work is properly cited. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/394767 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au 1 Iran in Transition 2 3 Goodarz Danaei 1, 2, 3 †, Farshad Farzadfar 4, 5 †, Roya Kelishadi 6 †, Arash Rashidian 7, 8 † *, Omid 4 Rouhani 9, Shirin Ahmadnia 10, Alireza Ahmadvand 4, Mandana Arabi 3, 11, Ali Ardalan 12, 13, 5 Mohamad Arhami 14, Mohammad Hossein Azizi 15, Moslem Bahadori 16, Jill Baumgartner 17, Arash 6 Beheshtian 18, Shirin Djalalinia 19, 4, Leila Doshmangir 20, Ali Akbar Haghdoost 21, Rosa Haghshenas 7 4, Ahmad Reza Hosseinpoor 22 *, Farhad Islami 23, Farin Kamangar 24, 3, Davood Khalili 25, 3, Kaveh 8 Madani 26, 27, Hossein Masoumi-Asl 28, 29, Ali Mazyaki 30, 31, Ali Mirchi 32, Ehsan Moradi 33, Touraj 9 Nayernouri 34, Debbie Niemeier 35, Amir-Houshang Omidvari 36, Niloofar Peykari 37, 4, Farhad 10 Pishgar 4, Mostafa Qorbani 38, Kazem Rahimi 39, 3, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar 40, Fahimeh Ramezani 11 Tehrani 41, Nazila Rezaei 4, Saeid Shahraz 42, 3, Amir Hossein Takian 43, Ali Tootee 44, Majid Ezzati 45 12 ‡, Hamid Reza Jamshidi 46 ‡, Bagher Larijani 47 ‡, Reza Majdzadeh 48, 12, 49 ‡, Reza Malekzadeh 50, 51 ‡ 13 14 † Authors contributed equally as first author.
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Article
    GOVARESH Quarterly Scientific Journal of the lranian Association of Gastroenterology and Hepatology pISSN: 1560-7186, oISSN: 2008-756x, eISSN: 2008-7578 Vo1.21, No.1 Autumn 2016, No.68 -1 Concessioner: Founder and Director: Iranian Association of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mirmadjlessi SH, M.D. Publisher: Editor-in-Chief: Iranian Association of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Ebrahimi Daryani N, M.D. Editorial Board (In Alphabetic order) Associate Editors Aghazadeh R, M.D. Masjedizadeh AR, M.D. Antikchi MH, M.D. Pourshams A, M.D., MPH Darvish Moghaddam S, M.D. Massarat S, M.D. Bagheri M, M.D. Setoodehmanesh R, M.D. Ebrahimi Daryani N, M.D. Mikaeli J, M.D. Ghadir MR, M.D. Taheri H, M.D. Emami NajafiDehkordi SMH, M.D. Minakari M, M.D. Merat S, M.D. Zamani F, M.D. Hashemi SJ, M.D. NasiriToosi M, M.D. Mir-Nasseri MM, M.D.,MPH Zendedel N, M.D. Malekzadeh R, M.D. Sima HR, M.D. Mohammadnejad M, M.D. Mansour-Ghanaei F, M.D. Somi MH, M.D. International Members of Editorial Board Adler G, M.D. (Germany) Sobhani I, M.D. (France) Keshavarzian A, M.D. (USA) Schuppan D, M.D. (USA) Executive Editor Scientific Editor Mir-Nasseri MM, M.D., MPH Pourshams A, M.D, M.P.H Persian/English Text Editors Submitted abstracts have been published without any editing. and any errors are the responsibility of the author. Office Staff Page designing Ettehad F, Sayyad M Esmaili S Address of Editorial Office Publisher's Address Iranian Association of Gastroenterology and Iranian Association of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Unit 1, No.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Name of God the Compassionate the Merciful
    In the Name of God the Compassionate the Merciful Board of Consultants Archives of M. Akbarian MD A. Malekhosseini MD F. Azizi MD A. Marandi MD Iranian Medicine S. Bahram MD PhD (France) K. Mohammad PhD M. Balali-Mood MD F. Motamedi PhD B. Bastani MD (USA) A. Nadim MD PhD A Monthly Peer-Reviewed Medical Journal H. E. Blum MD (Germany) B. Nikbin PhD Founded in 1998 by the B. Boroumand MD M. Nooraie PhD Y. Dowlati MD D. Paydarfar MD (USA) Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. Iran G. H. Edrissian Pharm D G. Pourmand MD ISSN: Print 1029-2977, Online 1735-3947 B. Eghtesad MD (USA) S. Rad MD A. Emadi MD PhD (USA) B. Z. Radpay MD Chairman: Iraj Fazel MD FACS H. D. Fahimi PhD (Germany) F. Rahimi MD Editor-in-Chief: Reza Malekzadeh MD A. Gasparyan MD PhD (Armenia) H. Rezvan PhD Chairman of the Editorial Board: Karim Vessal MD N. Ghahramani MD (USA) M. H. Sanati PhD R. Ghohestani MD PhD (USA) F. Saidi MD F. Habibzadeh MD M. Sotoodeh MD Associate Editors and Editorial Board M. Haeryfar PhD (Canada) E. Sotoodeh-Maram PhD Shahin Akhondzadeh PhD F. Ismail-Beigi MD (USA) A. Velayati MD Mohammad-Hossein Azizi MD B. Jahangiri MD M. Vessal PhD Moslem Bahadori MD A. Khaleghnejad MD M. Zali MD Ahmad Reza Dehpour PhD H. Malekafzali MD PhD Arash Etemadi MD PhD Farshad Farzadfar MD, DSc Sadegh Massarrat MD Hossein Najmabadi PhD Editorial Statistical Advisors Siavosh Nasseri-Moghaddam MD Touraj Nayernouri MD Mehdi Yaseri MD PhD Siavoush Sehhat MD FACS Leila Ghalichi MD PhD Ismail Yazdi DMD Mohammad Ali Mansournia MD PhD Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast PhD Mohsen
    [Show full text]
  • Third Regional Conference on Medical Journals in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran, 27–29 January 2006
    WHO-EM/HIS/012/E Third Regional Conference on Medical Journals in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran, 27–29 January 2006 1 World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean medicaljournalscover.indd 1 11/04/2006 08:19:58 WHO-EM/HIS/012/E Third Regional Conference on Medical Journals in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran, 27–29 January 2006 1 World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Cairo 2006 © World Health Organization 2006 All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Distribution and Sales, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, PO Box 7608, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt (tel: +202 670 2535, fax: +202 670 2492; email: [email protected]).
    [Show full text]
  • Algemeen Ambtsbericht Iran Februari 2006
    Algemeen ambtsbericht Iran februari 2006 Redacteur(en): Directie Personenverkeer, Migratie en Vreemdelingenzaken Afdeling Asiel- en Migratiezaken Den Haag + 31 (0)70 348 5612 Inhoudsopgave Pagina 1 Inleiding 4 2 Landeninformatie 5 2.1 Basisgegevens 5 2.1.1 Land en volk 5 2.1.2 Geschiedenis 5 2.1.3 Staatsinrichting 7 2.2 Politieke ontwikkelingen 10 2.2.1 Binnenlandse politieke ontwikkelingen 10 2.2.2 Buitenlandse politieke ontwikkelingen 14 2.3 Veiligheidssituatie 15 2.4 Sociaal-economische situatie 15 3 Mensenrechten 17 3.1 Juridische context 17 3.1.1 Verdragen en protocollen 17 3.1.2 Nationale wetgeving 18 3.2 Toezicht 19 3.2.1 Internationaal 19 3.2.2 Nationaal gouvernementeel 21 3.2.3 Nationaal niet-gouvernementeel 21 3.3 Naleving en schendingen 22 3.3.1 Vrijheid van meningsuiting 22 3.3.2 Vrijheid van vereniging en vergadering 28 3.3.3 Vrijheid van godsdienst en overtuiging 30 3.3.4 Bewegingsvrijheid 37 3.3.5 Rechtsgang 41 3.3.6 Arrestaties en detenties 51 3.3.7 Mishandeling en foltering 54 3.3.8 Verdwijningen 56 3.3.9 Doodstraf 56 3.4 Positie van specifieke groepen 58 3.4.1 Dienstplichtigen/militairen 58 3.4.2 Leden van specifieke oppositiebewegingen 60 3.4.3 Etnische groepen 63 3.4.4 Homoseksuelen 65 3.4.5 Vrouwen 67 3.4.6 Minderjarigen 73 4 Migratie 75 4.1 Migratiestromen 75 4.2 Activiteiten van internationale organisaties 76 4.3 Beleid van andere Europese landen 77 5 Samenvatting 78 Literatuurlijst 80 Bijlage(n) 81 I Feiten en cijfermatige gegevens presidentsverkiezingen 2005 81 II Samenstelling kabinet 83 III Kaart van Iran 84 Algemeen ambtsbericht Iran | februari 2006 1 Inleiding In dit algemeen ambtsbericht wordt de huidige situatie in Iran beschreven voor zover deze van belang is voor de beoordeling van asielverzoeken van personen die afkomstig zijn uit Iran en voor besluitvorming over de terugkeer van afgewezen Iraanse asielzoekers.
    [Show full text]
  • Biographical Sketch Format Page
    BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Provide the following information for the Senior/key personnel and other significant contributors in the order listed on Form Page 2. Follow this format for each person. DO NOT EXCEED FOUR PAGES. NAME POSITION TITLE Reza Malekzadeh Professor of Medicine eRA COMMONS USER NAME (credential, e.g., agency login) Director Digestive disease research Institute . Tehran university of Medical sciences EDUCATION/TRAINING (Begin with baccalaureate or other initial professional education, such as nursing, include postdoctoral training and residency training if applicable.) DEGREE INSTITUTION AND LOCATION MM/YY FIELD OF STUDY (if applicable) Shiraz University MD 1979 Medicine Shiraz University Specialty 1983 Internal Medicine Shiraz University Subspecialty 1987 Gastroenterology A. Personal Statement I am Professor and the Director of Digestive Disease Research Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. I have supervised and conducted several epidemiological and clinical studies. I have established the first large-scale cohort study in the Middle East and North Africa (the Golestan Cohort Study). I have successfully secured internal and external funding for this large study and several other studies. I have been initiator of several collaborative studies with national and international institutions within the Golestan Cohort or as independent studies. As cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and other chronic diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Fars and Golestan Province and in whole Iran, I have been interested in investigating the environmental and the genetic risk factors of metabolic syndrome. For this reason, in the Pars (Southern Iran) and Golestan (Northern Iran) Cohort Studies and several other studies being conducted in my center, we have collected detailed data and biological samples from cohort subjects and patients with cancer, CVD,chronic liver disease especially HBV, NAFLD/NASH.
    [Show full text]
  • Liver Transplantation Status in Iran: a Multi-Center Report on the Main Transplant Indicators and Survival Rates
    ARCHIVES OF Arch Iran Med. July 2018;21(7):275-282 IRANIAN http www.aimjournal.ir MEDICINE Open Original Article Access Liver Transplantation Status in Iran: A Multi-center Report on the Main Transplant Indicators and Survival Rates S. Ali Malek-Hosseini, MD1; Ali Jafarian, MD2; Saman Nikeghbalian, MD1; Hossein Poustchi, MD, PhD3; Kamran B. Lankarani, MD1; Mohsen Nasiri Toosi, MD2; Heshmatollah Salahi, MD1; S. Mohsen Dehghani, MD1; Ahad Eshraghian, MD1; Maryam Sharafkhah, MS3; Sareh Eghtesad, MS, RD3; Nazgol Motamed-Gorji, MD3; Kourosh Kazemi, MD1; Javad Salimi, MD2; Majid Moini, MD2; Alireza Shamsaeefar, MD1; Maryam Moini, MD1; Masoud Dehghani, MD4; Mohammad B. Khosravi, MD1; Atabak Najafi, MD2; Hossein Sattari, MD4; Bita Geramizadeh, MD1; Mohammad Shafiee, MD4; Mohammad N. Toutouni, MD5; Behnam Sanei, MD6; Seyed Mohammadreza Nejatollahi, MD7; Alireza Taghavi, MD1; Ali Bahador, MD1; Mohsen Aliakbarian, MD5; Bijan Eghtesad, MD8*; Reza Malekzadeh, MD3 1Shiraz Transplant Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4Transplant Program, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 5Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 6Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 7The Division of Hepatobiliary and Organ Transplantation, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 8Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplant Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Abstract Background: Iran’s experience with liver transplantation (LT) began more than two decades ago.
    [Show full text]