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Analysis of Alternatives ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES Substance Name: Sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) EC Number: 234-190-3 CAS Number: 7789-12-0 (Dihydrate) / 10588-01-9 (Anhydrous) Submitting Applicant: Gruppo Colle s.r.l. Use title: Use of Sodium dichromate as mordant in wool dyeing Use number: 1 Report date 25/10/2016 The information in this document is the property of Gruppo Colle s.r.l.. It may not be copied without the express written consent of Gruppo Colle s.r.l.. The information is given in good faith based upon the latest information available to Gruppo Colle s.r.l.. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES CONTENTS 1. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 2. ANALYSIS OF SUBSTANCE FUNCTION...................................................................................................................... 6 2.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2. General description of the process of wool dyeing ........................................................................................ 7 2.3. Factors affecting the dyeing of protein fibers ................................................................................................ 11 2.4. Annual Tonnage .............................................................................................................................................. 14 3. IDENTIFICATION OF POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................................................ 14 3.1. Families of dyes for wool dyeing and related problems ................................................................................. 14 3.2. Identification of alternatives .......................................................................................................................... 15 3.2.1. LANASOL® Reactive Dyes .................................................................................................................... 16 3.2.2. Realan EHF® Reactive Dyes ................................................................................................................. 17 3.2.3. Sulphur Black 001 ................................................................................................................................ 18 3.2.4. Others .................................................................................................................................................. 19 3.2.5. Data searches ...................................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.6. Consultations ....................................................................................................................................... 20 4. SUITABILITY AND AVAILABILITY OF POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES................................................................................. 20 4.1. Substance ID and properties........................................................................................................................... 25 4.2. Reduction of overall risk due to transition to the alternative ........................................................................ 26 4.3. Economic feasibility ........................................................................................................................................ 26 4.3.1. Cost of Raw Materials per formulation ............................................................................................... 27 4.3.2. Process costs ....................................................................................................................................... 27 4.3.3. Research & implementation of the Reacive Dyes process .................................................................. 29 4.3.4. Plant modification investment ............................................................................................................ 29 4.3.5. Availability ........................................................................................................................................... 30 4.3.6. Customers approval ............................................................................................................................ 30 5. OVERALL CONCLUSIONS ON SUITABILITY AND AVAILABILITY OF POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES FOR USE .................... 30 5.1. Technical performance ................................................................................................................................... 33 5.2. Human health aspects .................................................................................................................................... 33 5.3. Environmental aspects ................................................................................................................................... 34 5.4. Economical aspects ......................................................................................................................................... 34 5.5. List of actions .................................................................................................................................................. 34 ANNEX I – REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................. 36 ANNEX II – JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CONFIDENTIALITY CLAIMS ........................................................................................ 37 25.09.2016 Use of Sodium dichromate as mordant in wool dyeing – Gruppo Colle s.r.l. 2 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES Figures: Figure 1: Classification of animal fibers ........................................................................................................................ 7 Figure 2: End uses of wool in connection with the fiber diameter ............................................................................... 7 Figure 3: Wool usages in textile world.......................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 4: Composition of a wool fiber .......................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 5: Keratin structural form .................................................................................................................................. 10 Figure 6: Formation of the coordination complex ........................................................................................................ 12 Figure 7: Interaction example complex 1:1 dye/chrome/fiber .................................................................................... 13 Figure 8: Application characteristics for families of dyes ............................................................................................. 14 Tables: Table 1: List of alternatives indicated in SUBSPORT ..................................................................................................... 16 Table 2: Reactive Yellow 039 safety characteristics ..................................................................................................... 17 Table 3: Reactive Black 005 safety characteristics ........................................................................................................ 18 25.09.2016 Use of Sodium dichromate as mordant in wool dyeing – Gruppo Colle s.r.l. 3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 25.10.2016 Use of Sodium dichromate as mordant in wool dyeing – Gruppo Colle s.r.l. 4 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AfA Application for Authorisation AMD Alkali Metal Dispenser ATEX ATmosphères EXplosibles (1999/92/EG & 94/9/EG) AoA Analysis of Alternatives CAS Chemical Abstracts Service CBA Cost Benefit Analysis CLP Classification Labelling and Packaging (EC) 1272/2008 CMR Carcinogenic, Mutagenic or toxic to Reproduction CSR Chemical Safety Report DSD Dangerous Substance Directive 67/548/EEC DU Downstream User EC European Commission ECHA European Chemicals Agency EEA European Economic Area ES Exposure Scenario eSDS Extended Safety Data Sheet ERC Environmental Release Category EU European Union FPD Flat-Panel Detector GC-MS Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrum II Image Intensifier LAD Latest Application Date LE Legal entity LoA Letter of Access LR Lead Registrant MOS Margin of Safety OC Operational Condition NVD Night Vision Device PPE Personal Protection Equipment PPM Parts Per Million PV Present Value R&D Research and Development RAC Risk Assessment Committee RCR Risk Characterisation Ratio REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation & restriction of Chemicals RMM Risk Management Measures RPE Respiratory Protective Equipment SCOEL Scientific Committee for Occupational Exposure Limits SVHC Substance of Very High Concern SEA Socio Economic Analysis SOP Standard Operating Procedures VOC Volatile Organic Compounds WIPO World Intellectual Property Organisation WTP Willingness To Pay WWTP Waste Water Treatment Plant 25.10.2016 Use of Sodium dichromate as mordant in wool dyeing – Gruppo Colle s.r.l. 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 1. SUMMARY The Applicant, Gruppo Colle s.r.l. is one of the most important leader companies in fibre dyeing for textile in Italy. It has been working for over 60 years to improve the quality of the dyeing process paying much attention to the technological
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