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ENVIRONMENT Table of Contents 3.2.3 ENVIRONMENT Table of Contents 3.2.3. Cheetah Reintroduction Project _______ 22 1. CLIMATE CHANGE __________________ 3 3.2.4. Elephant Conservation _______________ 23 1.1. Global Scenario ____________________ 3 3.2.4.1. Gaj Yatra ______________________ 23 1.1.1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate 3.2.4.2. New Elephant Reserve ___________ 23 Change Report ___________________________ 3 3.2.5. Asian Rhinos _______________________ 23 1.1.2. Effects of Climate Change on the Ocean _ 3 3.2.6. Great Indian Bustard ________________ 24 1.1.3. Dead-Zone _________________________ 4 3.2.7. Gangetic Dolphin ___________________ 25 3.2.8. Banni Grassland ____________________ 25 1.2. Mitigation Measures ________________ 4 1.2.1. Land Degradation Neutrality __________ 4 3.3. Conservation Measures _____________ 29 1.2.2. Climate Engineering _________________ 5 3.3.1. Measuring Natural Capital ____________ 29 3.3.2. Legal Entity Status for All Animals ______ 29 1.3. International Cooperation ___________ 6 3.3.3. Access and Benefit Sharing ___________ 30 1.3.1. Global Environment Facility (GEF) ______ 6 3.3.4. National REDD+ Strategy _____________ 30 1.3.2. Katowice COP 24 ____________________ 6 3.3.5. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ 1.3.3. Suva Expert Dialogue on Loss and Damage 7 Rights (PPV&FR) Act, 2001 _________________ 31 1.3.4. Montreal Protocol Assessment ________ 8 3.3.6. Recovery Programme for Wildlife Species 31 3.3.7. Conservation of Migratory Birds and Their 2. POLLUTION _______________________ 9 Habitats _______________________________ 32 2.1. Air Pollution _______________________ 9 3.3.8. Community Forest Resource __________ 32 2.1.1. Black Carbon _______________________ 9 3.3.9. ‘Cultural Model’ of Conservation ______ 33 2.1.2. Petcoke ___________________________ 9 3.3.10. Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve _ 33 2.1.3. GHG Emission from Shipping Industry __ 10 3.3.11. Indian Sundarbans- A Wetland of 2.1.4. National Clean Air Programme ________ 10 International Importance __________________ 34 2.1.5. Clean Air- India Initiative _____________ 12 3.3.12. India Biodiversity Awards, 2018 ______ 34 2.1.6. Other Air Pollution Initiatives in News __ 12 3.3.13. Kaziranga National Park _____________ 35 2.1.6.1. System of Air Quality and Weather 3.3.14. Ecotourism Policy __________________ 35 Forecasting And Research (SAFAR) ________ 12 4. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT _______ 36 2.1.6.2. National Air Quality Index ________ 12 2.1.6.3. Comprehensive Environmental 4.1. Non-Conventional Sources of Energy __ 36 Pollution Index (CEPI) __________________ 12 4.1.1. National Policy on Biofuels-2018 _______ 36 2.1.6.4. WAYU (Wind Augmentation Purifying 4.1.2. Pradhan Mantri Ji-Van (Jaiv Indhan- Unit) ________________________________ 12 Vatavaran Anukool Fasal Awashesh Nivaran) 2.1.6.5. Environment Pollution (Prevention and Yojana _________________________________ 37 Control) Authority (EPCA) _______________ 12 4.1.3. Scheme for Biomass Based Cogeneration 2.2. Water Pollution ___________________ 13 Projects ________________________________ 37 4.1.4. Off-Shore Wind Power _______________ 38 2.2.1. Toxicity in Indian Rivers _____________ 13 4.1.5. Global Solar Council _________________ 38 2.2.2. Composite Water Management Index __ 13 4.1.6. Waste to Energy Plants ______________ 39 2.2.3. Guidelines for Groundwater extraction _ 14 2.2.4. National Water Informatics Centre ____ 15 4.2. Electric Vehicles ___________________ 39 2.2.5 Rainwater Harvesting in Metropolitan Cities16 4.2.1. Charging Infrastructure Guidelines _____ 40 2.3. Nitrogen Pollution _________________ 16 4.3. River Basin Management ___________ 40 2.4. Plastic Pollution ___________________ 17 4.3.1. Minimum River Flow for Ganga ________ 40 4.3.2. Ganga Vriksharopan Abhiyan _________ 41 2.5. Blue Flag Certification ______________ 18 4.3.3. Ganga Praharis (Guardians of The Ganga) 42 2.6. Pesticides Ban ____________________ 19 4.4. Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification 2018 ________________________________ 42 3. BIODIVERSITY_____________________ 20 4.5. Earmarking Eco-Sensitive Area _______ 43 3.1. Convention on Biological Diversity ____ 20 4.6. Green Bonds _____________________ 44 3.2. Flora & Fauna ____________________ 21 4.6.1. Sovereign Blue Bond ________________ 44 3.2.1. Asiatic Lion Conservation Project ______ 21 3.2.2. Tiger Conservation _________________ 22 1 DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW 8468022022 4.7. State Energy Efficiency Preparedness 5.12. Titli Cyclone ‘Rarest of Rare’ ________ 52 Index 2018 __________________________ 44 6. GEOGRAPHY _____________________ 53 4.8. Parivesh _________________________ 45 6.1. India’s 1st Soil Moisture Map ________ 53 4.9. National Compensatory Afforestation 6.2. Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment Report53 Fund Management and Planning Authority (NCAFMPA) __________________________ 45 6.3. Kelp Forests ______________________ 54 5. DISASTER MANAGEMENT ___________ 47 6.4. Polar Vortex ______________________ 55 5.1. National Disaster Risk Index _________ 47 6.5. Ensemble Prediction Systems (EPS) ___ 56 5.2. State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) __ 47 6.6. Deep Ocean Mission _______________ 56 5.3. Repeated Earthquakes in Palghar_____ 47 6.7. Meghalayan Age __________________ 56 5.4. Drought Declaration in India ________ 48 7. MISCELLANEOUS TIT BITS ___________ 58 7.1. South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network 5.5. Rat-Hole Mining __________________ 49 (SAWEN) _______________________________ 58 5.6. Kerala Flood ______________________ 49 7.2. STAPCOR-2018 ______________________ 58 7.3. Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) ___ 58 5.7. Glacial Lakes Outburst Floods ________ 49 7.4. International Whaling Commission ______ 58 5.8. Landslide Warning System __________ 50 7.5. Asian Waterbird Census, 2019 __________ 58 7.6. Green Agriculture (Green-Ag) Project ____ 58 5.9. ACROSS Scheme __________________ 50 7.7. Green Skill Development Programme (GSDP)59 7.8. Iran Sees ‘Revival’ of Lake Urmia ________ 59 5.10. Large Forest Fire Monitoring Programme51 7.9. Other Short News ____________________ 59 5.11. Indian Ocean Wave Exercise 2018 7.10. Report and Indices __________________ 60 (IOWave18) __________________________ 51 2 8468022022 DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW 1. CLIMATE CHANGE 1.1. GLOBAL SCENARIO • If global emissions continue as per the commitments made under Paris Agreement, the carbon budget (the amount of CO2 that 1.1.1. INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL the world can emit) for 1.5°C warming will be ON CLIMATE CHANGE REPORT exhausted by 2030. Why in news? o In order to limit warming at 1.5°C, the world will have to reduce CO2 emissions The IPCC has released its Special Report titled by 45 per cent by 2030 from the 2010 “Global Warming of 1.5°C”. levels and reach net-zero emissions by 2050. What is the IPCC? • It was established by the United Nations 1.1.2. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE Environment Programme (UNEP) & the World ON THE OCEAN Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1988 to provide policymakers with regular scientific Why in News? assessments concerning climate change, its implications and potential future risks, as well as to According to a recent study, all oceans in the put forward adaptation and mitigation strategies. world are heating up 60 per cent faster than what • India is a member. IPCC had stated in its Fifth Assessment report. Related Information Hothouse Earth: A situation in which a planet has Details passed a tipping point (approximately 2 degree Celsius) beyond which its own natural processes trigger • According to IPCC Fifth Report, world’s uncontrollable warming. oceans have absorbed 90% of the temperature rise caused by man-made carbon Key findings of the Report emissions, while only 1% in the atmosphere. • The sea level rise (SLR) can impact food • Present global warming status: Human- security, create conflict between induced global warming in 2017 has already neighbouring countries and put low lying reached 1°C above pre-industrial levels; countries at risk. Various reports suggest a sea o Since 2000, the estimated level of human- level rise of 1 additional metre by 2100. induced warming has been equal to the • Immediate effects of SLR include saltwater level of observed warming due to intrusion of surface waters, increasingly contributions from solar and volcanic severe storm surges, submergence and activity over the historical period. increased flooding of coastal land. • Impacts of global warming at 1.5°C: World • Longer-term effects of SLR are increased would witness greater sea level rise, increased erosion, saltwater intrusion into groundwater precipitation and higher frequency of and a decline of coastal wetlands droughts and floods, hotter days and (saltmarshes, mangroves etc.) heatwaves, more intense tropical cyclones, • SLR endangers freshwater supplies (through and increased ocean acidification and salinity. salinization), food yields (through loss of • Impact of transition from 1.5°C to 2°C: arable land) and physical safety (through o Decline in crop yields, unprecedented damages to coastal infrastructure such as climate extremes and increased roads, housing and sanitation systems), in susceptibility could push poverty by several low-lying Small Island States and leads several million by 2050. to the displacement of people. o Coral reefs would decline by 70-90 • Increasing ocean temperatures and significant percent with global warming of 1.5°C, amounts of melting fresh water may result in whereas virtually all (> 99 percent) would a slowing of the ocean conveyor belt,
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