DOCSLIB.ORG

Krusadai Island : the Biologist's Paradise

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Krusadai Island : the Biologist's Paradise Plantations form second line of defence Pondlcherry. Sand-binding trailers like in beach protection. Very effective in Iipomoea pes-caprae, Spinifex squarTOsus,. controlling wind-erosion, plants cannot put a Cyperus arenariwn are part of our natural h alt to sea-erosion If It is in a very s evere biodiversity. form. However , their role cannot be underestimated. They serve as wind brakes , For greening the salty marshlands check the m ovement of beach sand and (Kharlands) mangrove species are of great prevent the entry of s alt spray into the fertile value. Salvadora persica has the added areas of the interior. advantage of Its seeds being used In soap industry. The plantations besides proViding Casuarlna equlsetifolia is the key green cover to combat salinity also proVide species. Other litteral species of significance income for the rural poor. in coastal afforestation programmes are Baningtonia asiatica, TerminaLia. catapa, Thespesia populnea, CaLophyllum inophyllum, V.M. MEHER-HOMJI Pongamia. pinnata, Hyphaene indica a French Institut decorative branch ed s pecies of palm cominon Pondichery - 605 001 in Diu and Daman and Cocoloba uvifera of KRUSADAI ISLAND : THE BIOLOGIST'S PARADISE INTRODUCTION: The morphometric features of this island with thick algal seaweeds, mangroves, The name KIusadai may symbolically seagrasses , coral reefs, fringing reefs, patch m ean Lord Shiva with m atted locks - as a reefs, shingles, cay etc., may be said to manifestation of Lord Dakshlnamurtl. The resemble, in abird's eyeV!ew, the matted­ exact m eaning of the word Krusadai Is locks of Lord Dakshlnamurtl. Hence the difficult to fathom . 'Kru' (as a corrupt form island m ay have been so named. Nearby, of 'Kuru' may also m ean sh ort or abridged) Krusadal is the island of Pamban meaning is perhaps wrongly s pelt for Guru m eaning snake or. serpent which Is also Lord Shiva Teacher or Mentor. (in Tamil,in both ways wears around His neck and upon which 'Kru' or 'Guru', it could be written). Lord Vishnu reclines. Assuming its Tamil version of the word 'Kni' to mean Guru = i.e., 'Mentor' or Nestor - and The island, since time immemorial, 'Sad ai' meaning m atted locks, we can belonged to the Raja of Rarnnad known by visualise the picture of Lord Dakshlnamurtl. the title 'Sethupathi' (Sethu for In Its serene atmosphere, the place is Rameswaraml. who sold it to then British veritably' an eternal abode for silent (Indian) Government of the Presidency of m editation. Lord Dakshlnamurtl is Madras for less than Rs.6,OOO/- in 1914, known to teach and dispel ali doubts largely through the efforts of James Hornell. of 'sishayas' or diSCiples by transmitting Thus, the erstwhile Madras PreSidency got the lessons of discourses and answers and its foothold here; and, s o the Fisheries replies to doubts raised ''through thought Department founded here in 1914 or so, waves" In eloquent s ilence and in eternal established Its token presence, although on bliss, when and where speech b ecomes a . small scale, yet vibrant in activities, superfluous! recognizing its unique potential and rich diversity of life forms. But the scientific SeshaiyaJla VoL 4 No.1 1996 63 studies in the area of the Gulf of Mannar During the last five decades or so, date back to 1880 or even before (Carter, the old Marine BiolOgical Station has 1880, Foote, 1888). remained closed and the James Hornell Museum and the laboratories (Fig. 9, 11) The finding of KIusadai is rather stand as mute testimony to their hoary past. difficult on an ordinary map of even The other two buildings KIusadai BiolOgical peninsular India. KIusadai island is Station (Fig. 6) and the Rest house (Fig. 10) situated in the Gulf of Mannar (lat. 9° 14'N which were constructed later, seem to be and long. 7go13'E) near the well-known maintained in relatively good condition. Due tourist places of pilgrimage of Rameswaram to lack of interest in its adequate and Dhanuskodi in Ramanathapuram maintenance most of the old structures are district of Tam1l Nadu. The distance to the now in disrepair and in dilapidated island from Mandapam on the mainland Is 6 condition, no doubt giving refuge to garden km and from Pamban island Is 4 km. This lizards (Calotes versicolar and Hemidactylus Pamban island has a length of 2050 metres frenatus), snakes (Dendrophis pictus and and width of 700 metres and is spread over Dendrelaphis tristis), scropions, antipeds, an area of 67 hectares. The coral reefs millipeds, scutigera and spiders. Restoring around the island and the shallow the Marine Biological Station to its prestine lagoon-like portion between the reef and the glory is the urgent need of the hour. shore would form excellent sites for collection of various kinds of nora and SOUTHEAST COAST OF KRUSADAI : fauna. The noteworthy feature of the island On the southeast side of the KIusadai is its easy accessibility to a unique number island Is the famous coral reef called of flora and fauna inclusive of the living Galaxea reef (Fig. 4). It would get exposed at coral reefs in natural conditions. KIusadai low tides. The corals belonging to the genus island has, thus, become the "BiolOgists GaLaxea have largely contributed to its Paradise" and attracts a never-ending formation lending the name to this reef. The stream of students, ·teachers and eminent reef itself is composed of dead coral rocks scientists from India and abroad from about with full of holes. In lllany places the reef is 1898 of recorded history. highly vulnerable and it is risky to tread on it as It can collapse beneath one's own KRUSADAI MARiNE BIOLOGICAL STATION weight. Once inside the reef, the bottom Is The rich biological diversity prompted sandy with an admixture of mud In places. Mr. James Hornell, the then Director of This reef which is covered with seaweeds Fisheries Departm"nt of the Government of slopes steeply Into the sea. During the low erstwhile Madras PreSidency in the year tide, the water is quite clear and many 1914 to recommend the establishment of a interesting algae can be conveniently Marine BiolOgical Station on the KIusadai observed and studied in thetr In their own island. The station was established in 1914 niches. As mentioned earlier, the outer or so, with no modem amenities like potable portion of the reef is exposed to the surf water, electricity, etc. Besides founding the during low tide, but during high tide the station, a pearl oyster farm and later a waves just roll over and the algae on the fish-farm were also established. The station reefs are then exposed. The southeast end of had a museum (later came to be known as island is sandy and Is called as 'Sand Point'. James Hornell Museum), a library, two (Fig. 1) . .1aboratOlies (Figs. 7, 8) an aquarium and a photographic room, in addition to store The coral reefs on the western part of rooms and quarters for the staff. the Ga1.axea reef give shelter to an interesting and varied potpouri of marine 64 Seshaiyana Vol4 No.1 1996 animals. The corals both live and dead, .milk fish ehanos chanos are found in large provide shelter and lebensraum to a variety numbers in the Watchman's Bay. From this of sponges, coelenterates, planartans, point onward the shore line is densely polychaetes, crustaceans, polyzoans, covered with mangrove vegetation. The sea mQlluscs, tunicates etc. On the Western end front sides of the vegetation are very muddy. of fue island is the Prochordate ptychodera If one attempts to tread on the soil where area where two genera of Enteropneusta the mud, the mud Is thin and fine, the he (ptychodera and Chlamydothoraxj. may go easily down upto his knees. At this Polychaete worms occur abundantly along spot, the poisonous snakes (Hydrophis sp. with sea-cucumbers, HolothwiD. atra and H. and Enhydrina sp.) also would climb up the scabra the former occurs more abundantly. ashore at nights and stretch themselves among the roots of the mangrove trees. The NORTHERN COAST OF KRUSADAI : Western part of the northern shore is very The Kundugal channel along the muddy and hence is known as 'Bushy Point'. northern shore of Krusadai island is an ideal LAND FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE place for tow net collections. There flows a ISLAND: strong current from the Gulf of Mannar to the Palk Bay and vice versa. It is an 'lbe island has cultivated coconut, enchanting place where dolphins could be palmyrah and casuarina groves. Creepers seen in large.numbers swimming and diving. like Ipomea bilDba, Spinifex squarrosus and Launea pinnatijldn. and climbers like Vites On the Western side of the pier (Fig. I), negundo and GloriDsa superba grow anemones, large star fishes and small sea abundantly on the northern side of the urchins are found. The pearl oyster (Pinctada island. Large trees like margosa (neem), fucata) farm is in the neighbourhood. One banyan and gooseberry are seen in the joint sector company known as Tamil Nadu eastern part of the island. Shrubs of Pearls' is engaged in commercial 'Pearl Dodonea viscosa, Indigofera oblongifoUa and culture' venh!re here in collaboration with Scaevola frutescens form dense patches all the Tamil Nadu State Fisheries Department. over the island (Fig. 12). Grasses like The nucleus along with the mantle is Cymbopogen caesius and Fimbristylis Implanted into the pearl oysters (Pinctada spathacea are found over the sandly tracts. j'ucata) at Mandapam laboratory and are cultured by suspending them in the rafts The fauna on land is represented by near Krusadai island. beetles, butterflies, moths, dragon-flies, red-cotton bugs, ants, termites, snakes, Further west, in the Porites Bay (Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • General Features and Fisheries Potential of Palk Bay, Palk Strait and Its Environs
    J. Natn.Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2005 33(4): 225-232 FEATURE ARTICLE GENERAL FEATURES AND FISHERIES POTENTIAL OF PALK BAY, PALK STRAIT AND ITS ENVIRONS S. SIVALINGAM* 18, Pamankade Lane, Colombo 6. Abstract: The issue of possible social and environmental serving in the former Department of Fisheries, impacts of the shipping canal proposed for the Palk Bay and Colombo (now Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Palk Strait area is a much debated topic. Therefore it is Resources) and also recently when consultation necessary to explore the general features of the said area to assess such impacts when formulating the development and assignments were done in these areas. Other management programmes relevant to the area. This paper available data have also been brought together discussed the general features of the area, its environmental and a comprehensive picture of the general and ecological condition and the fisheries potential in detail features and fisheries potential of the areas so as to give some insight to the reader on this important under study is presented below. topic. This article is based on the data collected from earlier field visits and other published information relevant to the subject. GENERAL FEATURES INTRODUCTION Palk Bay and Palk Strait together (also called Sethusamudram), consist of an area of about Considerable interest has been created in the 17,000km2. This is an almost enclosed shallow water Palk Bay, Palk Strait and its environs recently as body that separates Sri Lanka from the a result of the Indian project to construct a mainland India and opens on the east into the shipping canal to connect Gulf of Mannar BOB ( Figure 1 ).
    [Show full text]
  • YARUDE POROMBOKE? a Case Study on the Privatization of Coastal Commons for Tourism in Tamilnadu
    YARUDE POROMBOKE? A case study on the privatization of coastal commons for tourism in Tamilnadu For the background to the project and an understanding of the ‘Blue Economy’, please see the document titled ‘Coastal Blues: Background Note’, which provides a brief on the concept of Blue Economy, and the aspects of tourism in India within this concept. It also lays down the research objectives for the present case study. For a summary of this and other case studies, see our publication ‘Coastal Blues: Tourism under Blue Economy in India’. 1 Writing and editing: Stella James, Nayana Udayashankar Research: Stella James, Nayana Udayashankar, Jones Spartegus Citation details: Author: Equitable Tourism Options - EQUATIONS Title: Coastal Blues: Tourism under Blue Economy in India Year: 2021 Publisher: Equitable Tourism Options - EQUATIONS Place: Bengaluru This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational, advocacy or not-for- profit purposes. We would appreciate acknowledging EQUATIONS as the source and letting us know of the use. Copies available online. Published by: EQUATIONS, Flat no - A2, 1st Floor, No 21/7, 2nd Cross 1st A Main Road, Atmananda Colony, Sultan Palya, R T Nagar Post Bengaluru - 560032, Karnataka, India Tel: +91 (80) 23659711 / 23659722 EMAIL : [email protected] | URL : www.equitabletourism.org 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This publication would not have been possible without the depth of knowledge and understanding that we have received from all the individuals and organisations involved in the International People’s Tribunals held between August 2020 and February 2021. More details on the implications of the Blue Economy are available in the website: www.blueeconomytribunal.org.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Architecture Under Sethupathis
    International Multidisciplinary Innovative Research Journal An International refereed e-journal - Arts Issue ISSN: 2456 - 4613 Volume - II (1) September 2017 CIVIL ARCHITECTURE UNDER SETHUPATHIS MALATHI .R Assistant Professor of History V.V.Vanniaperumal College for Women Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India. Architecture is a diverse range of Importance of Forts human activities and the products of those The fort as a center of a city serve a number of activities, usually involving imaginative or purposes from time immemorial. They hold in technical skill[1]. It is the expression or it valuable historical information and provide application of human creative skill and ample scope to enlighten the hidden treasure imagination typically in a visual form of the building culture of Tamil Nadu. Most of producing works to be appreciated primarily the forts were the result of the royal patronage. for their beauty or emotional power. It was thought that building a fort, the king Architecture through the ages has been a would always have protection and peace powerful voice for both secular and religious throughout the country. It might also ensure ideas. Of all the Indian monuments, forts and fame and even immortality. The Tamil rulers, palaces are most fascinating. Most of the their chieftains and officials constructed many Indian forts were built as a defense forts and endowed lavishly for the mechanism to keep the enemy away. The state maintenance of it. The Sethupathis, petty of Rajasthan is home to numerous forts and rulers of small principalities of Ramnad also palaces. In fact, whole India is dotted with contributed their share to the construction of forts of varied sizes.
    [Show full text]
  • Engineering Marvels of 1.5 Million Years Old Man Rama Setu Dr
    [ VOLUME 2 I ISSUE 3 I JULY – SEP. 2015 ] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138 Engineering Marvels of 1.5 Million Years Old Man Rama Setu Dr. M. Sivanandam Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya, Kanchipuram- 631 561, Tamil Nadu. Received Aug. 20, 2015 Accepted Sept. 10, 2015 ABSTRACT Rama went on exile for 14 years. At the end of 12th year, near Panchavadi, Sita was abducted by Ravana. Rama with the help of Hanuman located Sita at Ashoka Vatika, Sri Lanka. To reach Sri Lanka, Nala and Vanara sena constructed a sea bridge from Dhanuskhodi, India to Thalaimannar, Sri Lanka with 35 Km length and 3.5 Km width in 5 days with local trees, rocks and gravels. At Sri Lanka Rama killed Ravana and returned with Sita to Ajodhya. The sea bridge with largest area, constructed 1.5 million years before is still considered an engineering marvel. Key words: Rama, Sita, Ravana, Hanuman, Ashoka Vatika, Nala, Rama Setu. 1. Introduction In Tredha Yuga the celestials troubled by They spent 12 years in the forest peacefully demons, especially Ravana, the king of Sri but towards the end of the exile when they Lanka, appealed to Lord Vishnu who agreed moved to Panchavadi near present to take a human incarnation to annihilate Bhadrachalam, Andhra Predesh Sita was Ravana. Rama was born to king Dasharatha of abducted by Ravana by Pushpaga Vimana [3]. Khosala Kingdom [1]. Rama decided to fulfill Figure 1 shows the places of travel during the promise of his father to Kaikeyi, step exile.
    [Show full text]
  • 02/16/78 No. 77 Maritime Boundaries: India – Sri Lanka
    3 MARITIME BOUNDARIES: INDIA-SRI LANKA The Government of the Republic of India and the Republic of Sri Lanka signed an agreement on March 23, 1976, establishing maritime boundaries in the Gulf of Manaar and the Bay of Bengal. Ratifications have been exchanged and the agreement entered into force on May 10, 1976, two years after the two countries negotiated a boundary in the Palk Strait. The full text of the agreement is as follows: AGREEMENT BETWEEN INDIA AND SRI LANKA ON THE MARITIME BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES IN THE GULF OF MANAAR AND THE BAY OF BENGAL AND RELATED MATTERS The Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Republic of Sri Lanka, RECALLING that the boundary in the Palk Strait has been settled by the Agreement between the Republic of India and the Republic of Sri Lanka on the Boundary in Historic Waters between the Two Countries and Related Matters, signed on 26/28 June, 1974, AND DESIRING TO extend that boundary by determining the maritime boundary between the two countries in the Gulf of Manaar and the Bay of Bengal, HAVE AGREED as follows: Article I The maritime boundary between India and Sri Lanka in the Gulf of Manaar shall be arcs of Great Circles between the following positions, in the sequence given below, defined by latitude and longitude: Position Latitude Longitude Position 1 m : 09° 06'.0 N., 79° 32'.0 E Position 2 m : 09° 00'.0 N., 79° 31'.3 E Position 3 m : 08° 53'.0 N., 79° 29'.3 E Position 4 m : 08° 40'.0 N., 79° 18'.2 E Position 5 m : 08° 37'.2 N., 79° 13'.0 E Position 6 m : 08° 31'.2 N., 79° 04'.7 E Position 7 m : 08° 22'.2 N., 78° 55'.4 E Position 8 m : 08° 12'.2 N., 78° 53'.7 E Position 9 m : 07° 35'.3 N., 78° 45'.7 E Position 10m : 07° 21'.0 N., 78° 38'.8 E Position 11m : 06° 30'.8 N., 78° 12'.2 E Position 12m : 05° 53'.9 N., 77° 50'.7 E Position 13m : 05° 00'.0 N., 77° 10'.6 E 4 The extension of the boundary beyond Position 13 m will be done subsequently.
    [Show full text]
  • Gulf of Mannar Database
    1 DATABASE ON GULF OF MANNAR BIOSPHERE RESERVE ENVIS Centre Department of Environment Government of Tamil Nadu Chennai-15 2015 2 1. Introduction The Gulf of Mannar, the first Marine Biosphere Reserve (GOMMBR) in the South and South East Asia, running down south from Rameswaram to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu, India is situated between Longitudes 78008 E to 79030 E and along Latitudes from 8035 N to 9025 N (Figs.1 & 2). This Marine Biosphere Reserve encompasses a chain of 21 islands (2 islands already submerged) and adjoining coral reefs off the coasts of the Ramanathapuram and the Tuticorin districts forming the core zone; the Marine National Park and the buffer zone includes the surrounding seascape and a 10 km strip of the coastal landscape covering a total area of 10,500 Km2, in the Ramanathapuram, Tuticorin, Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari Districts with a long coastline of 364.9 Km. The importance of the Gulf of Mannar region dates back to the 2nd Century AD because of its highly productive pearl oyster banks and other religious significance. In India, the Gulf of Mannar region in Tamil Nadu is one of the four major coral reef areas and the others are Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat, Lakhsadweep and Andaman and Nicobar islands. Fig.1: Map showing Tamil Nadu state with Gulf of Mannar location 3 Fig.2: Map showing the Gulf of Mannar with 21 islands The Gulf of Mannar has drawn attention of conservationists even before the initiation of the Man and Biosphere (MAB) program by the UNESCO in 1971. With its rich biodiversity of about 4223 species of various flora and fauna, part of this Gulf of Mannar between Rameswaram and Tuticoirin covering 21 islands and the surrounding shallow coastal waters has been declared as a Marine National Park in 1986 by the Government of Tamil Nadu and later the first Marine Biosphere Reserve of India in 1989 by the Government of India.
    [Show full text]
  • A Report on "Educational Tour to Southern India “ for Ist Year M.Tech
    A Report On "Educational Tour to Southern India “ For Ist Year M.Tech Renewable Energy & Green Technology students Bhopal, M.P-462003 ( Date: 28/03/2016 to 06/04/2016) [1] Preamble: Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology organized a one week Educational Tour/Industrial visit to Southern India during 28/03/2016 to 06/04/2016 for M.Tech Renewable Energy and Green Technology students. The visit was organized with the prior permission (MANIT Office Order : Estt./2016/3647 dated 18.03.2016 without any financial liabilities on the part of the Institute) and guidance of Hon. Director .Dr. Appu Kuttan K.K and HOD of Energy Centre Prof. A.Rehman . Students of M.Tech specially Purva Sahu, Areena Mahilong,Sreenath Sukumaran ,Samrat Kunal ,Deepak Bisoyi have taken hard efforts and initiative under the continuous guidance of Dr.K.Sudhakar,M.Tech Course coordinator and Tour in-charge, which made this visit a grand success. Total 16 students along with 1 faculty member and 1 teaching assistant have joined this industrial visit. Objective of the educational tour: To spread awareness about reducing carbon footprint and Swach Bharat (Clean and green India). To collaborate with Department of Energy and Environment , NIT Trichy and other academic institutions in the field of renewable energy To explore the possibilities of exploiting renewable energy sources in agro based food processing industries (Tea,Cashew,coffee,chocolate,spices,herbs etc) To interact, learn and understand the traditional cultures and lifestyle of south India especially the ancient temples which stands for vernacular architecture. To study the effect of climatic change and sea level rise in the coastal regions of Tamilnadu and Kerala.
    [Show full text]
  • 11.3.2 Transport Services and Infrastructure
    11.3.2 TRANSPORT SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE A well-knit and coordinated system of transport plays an important role in the sustained economic growth of the country. An efficient, safe and sustainable transport system is fundamental to the well-being of every citizen. The present transport system of the country comprises several modes of transport including rail, road, coastal shipping, air transport etc. Passenger mobility in the country heavily relies on rail and road networks. Tamil Nadu is in the forefront in the country in providing an efficient transport service to the people. Rail and Road are the dominant modes of transport in Tamil Nadu. Railways provide track services for bulk movement of certain essential commodities and passenger transport. Road transport provides long distance services for other commodities besides taking up the medium haul and short haul traffic including feeder and distribution activities. Road transport offers advantages of lower cost for short hauls as well as flexibility in operation. Road Transport Before Independence, bus transport was in the private sector. After independence, the nationalisation of passenger road transport in Tamil Nadu was taken up in stages starting with the take over of all routes in Chennai city in 1948. In 1959, a policy was adopted to take over all bus routes exceeding 120 miles. Later a policy to nationalise the stage carriages was formulated in 1967. The stage carriages of private operators who owned more than 50 permits were acquired under the Tamil Nadu Fleet Operators State Carriages (Acquisition) Act, 1971. The idea was that the monopoly of big private operators should be checked.
    [Show full text]
  • Vinayaga by POPPYS, Rameswaram
    Vinayaga by POPPYS, Rameswaram Inspiring deep emotions of religiousness and natural environment, Hotel https://poppyshotels.com/hotel-vinayaga-rameshwaram Vinayaga in Rameswaram is renowned for its simple luxury, unparalleled services, warm atmosphere and its central location. The atmosphere is #5, Railway Feeder Road, Rameswaram - 623526, Tamil Nadu, India. very pleasant and relaxing: with ample common spaces, high-quality services, and modern comfort. +91 457 322 2361 Elegant, spacious and with attention to the smallest detail, the rooms at Hotel Vinayaga, Rameswaram offer great comfort and relaxation. It's +91 88007 44466 / +91 96296 38555 perfect for both business travelers' or those on vacations with the [email protected] family. Room Types Hotel Facilities In-Room Facilities 27 - Superior Room 200 sqft | 1 Full/Twin Bed | Max. Pax 3 (1 Extra | 1 Child) • In Room Dining facility • Stylish and Spacious rooms 12 - Premium Room 250 sqft | 1 Full/Twin Bed | Max. Pax 3 (1 Extra | 1 Child) • Ample Car Parking • LED TV with DTH Channels • Travel Desk • Wifi Access • Car Rental and Travel Services • Spacious work desk Restaurant • Electric Kettle with amenities • Mapilai Gounder • Shower and bath amenities Prepared with freshest of ingredients and local culinary tradition, indulge • Laundry Pick Up in the menu from around the Indian subcontinent in our delightful restaurant. Experiences (Click the locations to get direction) Transportation (Actual distance & time may vary) • Arulmigu Ramanathaswamy Temple (Distance: 1.3 km) • Airport (Madurai) - 182 km / 113 miles - 3 hr 12 min The temple is one of the most famous pilgrimage sites and has several • Railway Station (Rameswaram) - 180 m - 2 min historical references about it.
    [Show full text]
  • District Census Handbook, Ramanathapuram, Part X-A, Series-19
    CENSUS OF INDIA, 1971 SERIES 19 TAMIL NADU PART X-A DIST~I(T ([NSUS ~ANDBOOK VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY RAMANATHAPURAM K. CHOCKALINGAM of the Indian Administrative Service DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS. TAMIL NADU AND PONDICHERRY 1971 IndqK Man pI TAMIL NADU '. NQ. ANO NAME Of !HI AiiA IN NO, Of YiiAN RAMANATHAPURAM DISTRICT IAIlI~ Iq. KMI. VIUAGfS 'tHlill TIRUCHIRAPAl~1 I rlr~~~Qlnur 81Ul 9j 1 KarQiK~dl !I,I,T,) 10MO 10 l IlvQ(onla 1144,~' 111 4 M~namaoUrQI (1,1,7,1 ~31,18 82 5 Devakottol (I.1J.) 458.21 67 6 Thiruvadandl 951.99 119 7 I/arankudi /I.ST.) 421.17 l2 137,59 93 9 Ramanatha,urom 865A7 67 10 Kamulhi !U.T,) 517.14 50 6 REFERENCE 10 II Mudu~ulathul 108412 83 10 12 Tiruchuli (I.5.T.) 55/.00 I/O Nil District Headquarters @ 13 AIU~pUKkottaj 1030.56 152 Taink Headquarters @ 14 Yirudhanogor !I.H.) 590.20 7/ State Boundary MADURAI - 15 Sattur 918.00 94 D~trict Boundary 16 Srivilliputhur 614.89 51 Taluk Boundary 17 Rajapalaram(l,SJj 461.08 41 Independent Sub· Taluk Boundary ____ National Highways State Hi~ways ___J!_ Roads - Railway line (Metre Gauge) ~ . ___.c_ River with Slream ..----..... Independent Sub·Taluk H,Sll Polk Strait Villages having Population above 5000 • Weekly Markets M Post and Telegraph Office PI ifJ' Rest HOlLIe, Travellers Bungalow Hospitals Urban Areas c::=J Note- Arabic N~mmll (18) in the Map !epte!!!i TIluis InJ Independent Sub · Talah whose Namell!e given in the Gulf of Manoor i/llet Statement.
    [Show full text]
  • Seagrass Resource Assessment in the Mandapam Coast of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, India - 139
    Thangaradjou et al.: Seagrass resource assessment in the Mandapam coast of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, India - 139 - SEAGRASS RESOURCE ASSESSMENT IN THE MANDAPAM COAST OF THE GULF OF MANNAR BIOSPHERE RESERVE, INDIA T. THANGARADJOU – R. SRIDHAR – S. SENTHILKUMAR – S. KANNAN Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502 Tamil Nadu, India (phone: +91 – 04144 – 243070 / 243071(Ext. 204), fax: +91 – 04144 – 243999) e-mail: [email protected] (Received 28 th February 2006; accepted 23 th August 2007) Abstract : Aerial extent and distribution pattern of seagrass meadows in the Mandapam group of islands viz. Pamban area of Rameshwaram, Krusadai, Pullivasal and Pumarichan Island of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve were studied. Visual interpretation and digital analysis of satellite data viz. IRS 1D LISS III (2000 and 2002) and IRS P6 LISS III (2004) showed the presence of extensive seagrass beds in these areas. Present study has recorded 3289.14 ha of reef area, 794.45 ha of reef vegetation, 726.15 ha of dense and 601.00 ha of sparse seagrass beds in this part of the Gulf during the year 2004. Further, spread and changes in seagrass cover in this region have been classified and loss has been estimated. In addition, drastic reduction in the seagrass resources of the Gulf of Mannar in certain places was identified and management plans to conserve this resource have been suggested. Keyword: seagrass, assessment, remote sensing, anthropogenic Introduction Seagrasses represent one of the important and highly productive ecosystems of the world, which supports a variety of life forms ranging from microbes to marine mammals like dugongs.
    [Show full text]
  • Pamban Rail Bridge – a Historical Perspective
    Science Arena Publications Specialty Journal of Humanities and Cultural Science ISSN: 2520-3274 Available online at www.sciarena.com 2019, Vol, 4 (4): 18-23 Pamban Rail Bridge – A Historical Perspective J. Delphine Prema Dhanaseeli PG & Research Department of History, Jayaraj Annapackiam College for Women (Autonomous), Periyakulam-625601, Tamil Nadu, India. Abstract: Bridges are built to span physical obstacles for the purpose of providing way over the obstacle. Pamban Railway Bridge connects Rameswaram town on Pamban Island with mainland India. During 1600– 1800, trade flourished between Pamban, Rameswaram and Sri Lanka by using large boats and small ships. The boat mail was the only train which connected India and Sri Lanka very closer. The Pamban Railway Bridge was opened to traffic on 24 February 1914 and it was the only link to Rameswaram till 1987. Though the cyclone of 1964 destroyed the bridge, within very short period the railway engineers renovated the bridge and continued the service. This paper makes an attempt to highlight the features of hundred year old historical Pamban Rail Bridge. Keywords: Pamban, Cantilever bridge, Rameswaram, Sri Lanka, Boat mail. INTRODUCTION The Pamban rail bridge is the India’s first cantilever bridge, connecting Rameswaram with the mainland India. It is the India’s first sea bridge constructed in Tamil Nadu. The mainland end of the bridge is located at 9º16´56.70´N 79º11´20.1212”E to 9.2824167ºN 79.188922556ºE. This 2.06 km long Pamban Bridge is the second longest sea bridge in India after Bandra-worli sea link. It was constructed in a special manner to allow ships to pass under the bridge (Francis et al., 1988).
    [Show full text]