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Helsinki Watch Committees in the Soviet Republics: Implications For
FINAL REPORT T O NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE : HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOVIET NATIONALITY QUESTIO N AUTHORS : Yaroslav Bilinsky Tönu Parming CONTRACTOR : University of Delawar e PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS : Yaroslav Bilinsky, Project Director an d Co-Principal Investigato r Tönu Parming, Co-Principal Investigato r COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 621- 9 The work leading to this report was supported in whole or in part fro m funds provided by the National Council for Soviet and East European Research . NOTICE OF INTENTION TO APPLY FOR COPYRIGH T This work has been requested for manuscrip t review for publication . It is not to be quote d without express written permission by the authors , who hereby reserve all the rights herein . Th e contractual exception to this is as follows : The [US] Government will have th e right to publish or release Fina l Reports, but only in same forma t in which such Final Reports ar e delivered to it by the Council . Th e Government will not have the righ t to authorize others to publish suc h Final Reports without the consent o f the authors, and the individua l researchers will have the right t o apply for and obtain copyright o n any work products which may b e derived from work funded by th e Council under this Contract . ii EXEC 1 Overall Executive Summary HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOVIET NATIONALITY QUESTION by Yaroslav Bilinsky, University of Delawar e d Tönu Parming, University of Marylan August 1, 1975, after more than two years of intensive negotiations, 35 Head s of Governments--President Ford of the United States, Prime Minister Trudeau of Canada , Secretary-General Brezhnev of the USSR, and the Chief Executives of 32 othe r European States--signed the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperatio n in Europe (CSCE) . -
REPORT of the INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD for DEPARTMENT of MATHEMATICS HIGHER SCHOOL of ECONOMICS (MOSCOW)
REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD for DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS HIGHER SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS (MOSCOW) Naming conventions: • Department = Department of Mathematics, Higher School of Economics • Board = International Advisory Board for the Department. Members of the Board: • Pierre Deligne (Institute for Advanced Study, USA) • Sergey Fomin (University of Michigan, USA) • Sergei Lando (HSE, Dean of the Department, ex officio) • Tetsuji Miwa (Kyoto University, Japan) • Andrei Okounkov (Columbia University, USA) • Stanislav Smirnov (University of Geneva, Switzerland, and St. Petersburg State University, Russia). Chairman of the Board: Stanislav Smirnov (elected February 17, 2013). Members of the Board visited the Department in Winter 2013. They met with faculty members, both junior and senior ones, and with students, both undergraduate and graduate. During these meetings, conducted in the absence of departmental administration, the students and professors freely expressed their opinions regarding the current state of affairs in the Department, commenting on its achievements, its goals, and its most pressing needs and problems. The visiting members of the Board met with the key members of the departmental leadership team, including the Dean, several Associate Deans, and representatives of the main graduate programs. Lively and substantive discussions concerned all aspects of departmental life, as well as the Department's prospects for the future. On February 18, 2013, four members of the Board (S. Fomin, S. Lando, T. Miwa, and S. Smirnov) had a 1.5-hour-long meeting with the leadership of the HSE, including the Rector Prof. Ya. I. Kuzminov, Academic Supervisor Prof. E. G. Yasin, First Vice- Rector V. V. Radaev, and Vice-Rectors S. -
The Vexing Case of Igor Shafarevich, a Russian Political Thinker
birkhauser-science.de Mathematics : Mathematics in the Humanities and Social Sciences Berglund, Krista The Vexing Case of Igor Shafarevich, a Russian Political Thinker In the 1990s “the Shafarevich case” stirred a heated discussion in the mathematics community about a fundamental ethical principle: Can scientific honorary societies make demands to their members concerning their non- scientific views? Another obvious problem becomes topical with the present study and concerns the ethical repercussions of the fact that Shafarevich was demonized without reasonable justification This study, written by a historian of ideas and a specialist of Russian studies, Birkhäuser also introduces Shafarevich’s companionships with some of the most 2012, XIV, 542 p. interesting cultural figures of the Soviet Union in his youth, his extensive 1st activities for defense of human rights and struggle against communist edition propaganda in This is the first comprehensive study about the non-mathematical writings and activities of the Russian algebraic geometer and number theorist Igor Shafarevich (b. 1923). In the 1970s Printed book Shafarevich was a prominent member of the dissidents’ human rights movement and a noted Hardcover author of clandestine anti-communist literature in the Soviet Union. Shafarevich’s public image Printed book suffered a terrible blow around 1989 when he was decried as a dangerous ideologue of anti- Hardcover Semitism due to his newly-surfaced old manuscript Russophobia. The scandal culminated ISBN 978-3-0348-0214-7 when the President of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States suggested that $ 149,99 Shafarevich, an honorary member, resign. The present study establishes that the allegations about anti-Semitism in Shafarevich’s texts were unfounded and that Shafarevich’s terrible Available reputation was cemented on a false basis. -
Creative Discomfort: the Culture of the Gelfand Seminar at Moscow University Slava Gerovitch
Creative Discomfort: The Culture of the Gelfand Seminar at Moscow University Slava Gerovitch 1 Memory Israel Gelfand’s weekly seminar at Moscow State University, which ran continu- ously from 1943 to 1989, has gained a legendary status in the Russian mathematics community. It has been praised as “maybe the greatest seminar in the history of the Mechanical-Mathematical Faculty of Moscow University,”1 “probably the best seminar in the history of mathematics,”2 and even “one of the most productive seminars in the history of science.”3 According to seminar participants, the seminar “ardently followed all that was new in mathematics anywhere in the world”4 and “made a decisive impact on mathematical life in Moscow.”5 Many outstanding mathematicians remember the seminar fondly as their crucial coming-of-age experience. Before we conjure up an idyllic image of a harmonic chorus of great mathe- maticians conversing magnificently on topics of utmost scholarly importance, let us read a bit more from the memoirs of the same seminar participants. The seminar has 1Tikhomirov (2008), p. 10. 2Interview with Aleksei Sosinskii, 20 October 2009 (http://polit.ru/article/2009/10/20/absossinsky_ about_imgelfand/). 3Tikhomirov (2008), p. 25. 4Landis (2007), p. 69. 5Arnold (2009), p. 40. S. Gerovitch (&) Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, USA e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 51 B. Larvor (ed.), Mathematical Cultures, Trends in the History of Science, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-28582-5_4 -
Felix Berezin Life and Death of the Mastermind of Supermathematics
January 29, 2007 11:38 WSPC/Trim Size: 9in x 6in for Proceedings Foreword iii FELIX BEREZIN LIFE AND DEATH OF THE MASTERMIND OF SUPERMATHEMATICS Edited by M. Shifman January 29, 2007 11:38 WSPC/Trim Size: 9in x 6in for Proceedings Foreword iv Copyright page The Editor and Publisher would like to thank the American Math- ematical Society for their kind permission to reprint the articles of V. Maslov, R. Minlos, M. Shubin, N. Vvedenskaya and the first article of A. Vershik from the American Mathematical Society Translations, Series 2, Advances in the Mathematical Sciences, Volume 175, 1996. Paintings Alexandra Rozenman Black-and-white sketches Yuri Korjevsky Graphic design Leigh Simmons Photographs Elena Karpel’s collection FELIX BEREZIN: LIFE AND DEATH OF THE MASTERMIND OF SUPERMATHEMATICS January 29, 2007 11:38 WSPC/Trim Size: 9in x 6in for Proceedings Foreword FOREWORD M. SHIFMAN W.I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA [email protected] The story of this Memorial Volume is as follows. In the fall of 2005 Arkady Vainshtein mentioned in passing that he had received Elena Karpel’s essay on Felix Berezin from his friend Dmitri Gitman. Of course, every student and every practitioner of modern field theory knows the Berezin integral over the Grassmann variables, which con- stitutes the basis of the current approach to theories with fermions and quantization of gauge theories (introduction of ghosts). Without using the Berezin integral, string theory and supersymmetry stud- ies, which are at the focus of modern high-energy physics, would be extremely hard, if not impossible. -
The Observance of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by the Soviet Union
AO-A093 577 DEPARTM4ENT OF STATE WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF EXTERNAL--ETC F/S 5/14 POLITICAL RIGHTS BY--ETCfUI 17A-A 1- 7 THE OBSERVANCE OF THE COVENANT ON CIVIL AND IUNCLASSIFIED FAR-3013 NL UflMENEMffllf INSTITUTE ON SOC& T LAW V VALERY CHALIDZE N JHE OBSERVANCE OF THE COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS BY THE SOVIET UNION. Chief Consultant- Leon Lipson Consultants: Alexander Volpin I Konstantin Simis co George Ginsburgs Translation of the basic text: George Ginsburgs Collection of examples: Ludmilla Alexeyeva Pavel Litvinov This paper is written to order of the U.S. State Department I 'Lij New York, 1980 I 6'v Was p si fr~D epar~ter! of S~ i DIMUU'RIBTI NST ENT A f4rnea nerem ccu: nc, be .!-erpre!,-j 3z rev ,nt~ Approved for pu-Uc relea ;.;CY :" > "er e <- 9, i,•"-" THE OBSERVANCE OF THE COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS BY THE SOVIET UNION Table of Contents Page Introduction 1 Article 1. The Right of Self-Determination 9 Article 2. The Duty of States Party to the Covenant to 25 Respect and Ensure Human Rights Article 3. The Right of Men and Women to Equal Enjoyment 39 of all Civil and Political Rights Set Forth in the Covenant Article 4. The Right of States Party to the Present 41 Covenant to Take Measures Derogating from their obligations under the Present Covenant Article 5. Protection from Curtailment of any of the Rights 43 and Freedoms Recognized in the Present Covenant Article 6. Protection of the Right to Life 44 Article 7. -
Lectures on Statistical Physics
Felix Berezin Lectures on Statistical Physics Translated from the Russian and edited by D. Leites Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences Lahore, Pakistan Summary. The book is an edited and updated transcript of the lectures on Sta- tistical Physics by the founder of supersymmetry theory | Felix Berezin. The lectures read at the Department of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University in 1966{67 contain inimitable Berezin's uniform approach to the Bose and Fermi particles, and his unique approach to quantization. These approaches were used with incredible success in the study of solid state physics, disorder and chaos (K. Efetov), and in a recent (and not yet generally accepted claim of) solution of one of Clay's Millennium problems (A. Dynin). The book is addressed to mathematicians (from sophomore level up) and physi- cists of any level. ISBN 978-969-9236-02-0 °c Dimitry Leites, translation into English and editing, 2009. °c Felix Berezin; his heirs, 2009. Contents Author's Preface . v Editor's preface . vi Part I The Classical Statistical Physics 1 Background from Classical Mechanics . 3 1 The Ensemble of Microscopic Subsystems ::::::::::::::::: 9 2 Physical assumptions. Ergodic Hypothesis. Gibbs's distribution. 9 3 An heuristic deduction of the Gibbs distribution . 14 4 A complete deduction of the Gibbs distribution . 17 5 Relation to thermodynamics . 24 6 Properties of the entropy . 33 7 Analytical appendix to Chapter 1 . 39 2 Real gases ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 43 8 Physical assumptions . 43 9 The Gibbs Distribution in the Small Canonical Ensemble . 46 10 The correlation functions in the small ensemble . 50 11 The Bogolyubov equations . -
Felix Berezin
FELIX BEREZIN This book is about Felix Berezin, an outstanding Soviet mathematician who in the 1960s and 70s was the driving force behind the emergence of the branch of mathematics now known as supermathematics. PART The integral over the anticoommuting Grassmann variables he introduced in the 1960s laid the ONE foundation for the path integral formulation of quantum field theory with fermions, the heart of modern supersymmetric field theories and superstrings. The Berezin integral is named for him, as is the closely related construction of the Berezinian which may be regarded as the superanalog of the determinant. PART In a masterfully written memoir Berezin’s widow, Elena Karpel, narrates a remarkable story of TWO Berezin’s life and his struggle for survival in the totalitarian Soviet regime. This story is supple- mented by recollections of Berezin’s close friends and colleagues. Berezin’s acccomplishments of Supermathematics Life and death of the mastermind in mathematics, his novel ideas and breakthrough works, are reviewed in two articles written by Andrei Losev and Robert Minlos. ABOUT M. Shifman is the Ida Cohen Fine Professor of Physics at the University of Minnesota. After receiv- THE EDITOR ing his PhD (1976) from the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics in Moscow he went through all stages of the academic career there. In 1990 he moved to the USA to assume his present position as a member of the William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute at the University of Minnesota. In 1997 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He has had the honor of receiving the 1999 Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics and the 2006 Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize for outstanding contributions to physics. -
An Invitation to Mathematics Dierk Schleicher R Malte Lackmann Editors
An Invitation to Mathematics Dierk Schleicher r Malte Lackmann Editors An Invitation to Mathematics From Competitions to Research Editors Dierk Schleicher Malte Lackmann Jacobs University Immenkorv 13 Postfach 750 561 24582 Bordesholm D-28725 Bremen Germany Germany [email protected] [email protected] ISBN 978-3-642-19532-7 e-ISBN 978-3-642-19533-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-19533-4 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011928905 Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 00-01, 00A09, 00A05 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents Preface: What is Mathematics? ............................... vii Welcome! ..................................................... ix Structure and Randomness in the Prime Numbers ............ 1 Terence Tao How to Solve a Diophantine Equation ....................... -
Talking Fish: on Soviet Dissident Memoirs*
Talking Fish: On Soviet Dissident Memoirs* Benjamin Nathans University of Pennsylvania My article may appear to be idle chatter, but for Western sovietolo- gists at any rate it has the same interest that a fish would have for an ichthyologist if it were suddenly to begin to talk. ðAndrei Amalrik, Will the Soviet Union Survive until 1984? ½samizdat, 1969Þ All Soviet émigrés write ½or: make up something. Am I any worse than they are? ðAleksandr Zinoviev, Homo Sovieticus ½Lausanne, 1981Þ IfIamasked,“Did this happen?” I will reply, “No.” If I am asked, “Is this true?” Iwillsay,“Of course.” ðElena Bonner, Mothers and Daughters ½New York, 1991Þ I On July 6, 1968, at a party in Moscow celebrating the twenty-eighth birthday of Pavel Litvinov, two guests who had never met before lingered late into the night. Litvinov, a physics teacher and the grandson of Stalin’s Commissar of Foreign Affairs, Maxim Litvinov, had recently made a name for himself as the coauthor of a samizdat text, “An Appeal to World Opinion,” thathadgarneredwideattention inside and outside the Soviet Union. He had been summoned several times by the Committee for State Security ðKGBÞ for what it called “prophylactic talks.” Many of those present at the party were, like Litvinov, connected in one way or another to the dissident movement, a loose conglomeration of Soviet citizens who had initially coalesced around the 1966 trial of the writers Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel, seeking to defend civil rights inscribed in the Soviet constitution and * For comments on previous drafts of this article, I would like to thank the anonymous readers for the Journal of Modern History as well as Alexander Gribanov, Jochen Hell- beck, Edward Kline, Ann Komaromi, Eli Nathans, Sydney Nathans, Serguei Oushakine, Kevin M. -
Dear Friends of Mathematics, and Translations to Complement the Original Source Material
Another major change this year concerns the editorial board for the Clay Mathematics Institute Monograph Series, published jointly with the American Mathematical Society. Simon Donaldson and Andrew Wiles will serve as editors-in-chief, while I will serve as managing editor. Associate editors are Brian Conrad, Ingrid Daubechies, Charles Fefferman, János Kollár, Andrei Okounkov, David Morrison, Cliff Taubes, Peter Ozsváth, and Karen Smith. The Monograph Series publishes Letter from the president selected expositions of recent developments, both in emerging areas and in older subjects transformed by new insights or unifying ideas. The next volume in the series will be Ricci Flow and the Poincaré Conjecture, by John Morgan and Gang Tian. Their book will appear in the summer of 2007. In related publishing news, the Institute has had the complete record of the Göttingen seminars of Felix Klein, 1872–1912, digitized and made available on James Carlson. the web. Part of this project, which will play out over time, is to provide online annotation, commentary, Dear Friends of Mathematics, and translations to complement the original source material. The same will be done with the results of an earlier project to digitize the 888 AD copy of For the past five years, the annual meeting of the Euclid’s Elements. See www.claymath.org/library/ Clay Mathematics Institute has been a one-after- historical. noon event, held each November in Cambridge, Massachusetts, devoted to presentation of the Mathematics has a millennia-long history during Clay Research Awards and to talks on the work which creative activity has waxed and waned. of the recipients. -
Universality in the 2D Ising Model and Conformal Invariance of Fermionic
UNIVERSALITY IN THE 2D ISING MODEL AND CONFORMAL INVARIANCE OF FERMIONIC OBSERVABLES DMITRY CHELKAKA,C AND STANISLAV SMIRNOVB,C Abstract. It is widely believed that the celebrated 2D Ising model at criticality has a universal and conformally invariant scaling limit, which is used in deriving many of its properties. However, no mathematical proof has ever been given, and even physics arguments support (a priori weaker) M¨obius invariance. We introduce discrete holomorphic fermions for the 2D Ising model at criticality on a large family of planar graphs. We show that on bounded domains with appropriate boundary conditions, those have universal and conformally invariant scaling limits, thus proving the universality and conformal invariance conjectures. arXiv:0910.2045v2 [math-ph] 16 May 2011 Date: October 26, 2018. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 82B20, 60K35, 30C35, 81T40. Key words and phrases. Ising model, universality, conformal invariance, discrete analytic function, fermion, isoradial graph. A St.Petersburg Department of Steklov Mathematical Institute (PDMI RAS). Fontanka 27, 191023 St.Petersburg, Russia. B Section de Mathematiques,´ Universite´ de Geneve.` 2-4 rue du Lievre,` Case postale 64, 1211 Geneve` 4, Suisse. C Chebyshev Laboratory, Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, Saint- Petersburg State University, 14th Line, 29b, 199178 Saint-Petersburg, Russia. E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected]. 1 2 Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Universality and conformal invariance in the Ising model 3 1.2. Setup and main results 6 1.3. Organization of the paper 9 2. Critical spin- and FK-Ising models on isoradial graphs. Basic observables (holomorphic fermions) 11 2.1.