DOCSLIB.ORG

Smith Newton Owner's Manual Gen 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Smith Newton Owner's Manual Gen 1 Smith Newton Owner's Manual Gen 1 North American Market CD-0650-0015r1 September 7, 2012 (Supersedes Version 02 December 03 2009) This Page Intentionally Left Blank Page | 2 CD-0650-0015r1 Table of Contents SECTION PAGE 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 5 2. Safety Notices and Instructions .................................................................................. 7 3. Vehicle Layout ............................................................................................................ 11 4. Controls and Display .................................................................................................. 13 5. Charging HV and 24V Systems .................................................................................. 17 6. Pre-Start Checks ........................................................................................................ 21 7. Driving the Vehicle ...................................................................................................... 23 8. Cabin Temperature Control ........................................................................................ 25 9. Parking the Vehicle ..................................................................................................... 27 10. Maintenance ............................................................................................................. 29 11. Towing Procedure .................................................................................................... 35 12. Fault Finding Matrix .................................................................................................. 37 CD-0650-0015r1 Page | 3 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Page | 4 CD-0650-0015r1 1. Introduction To ensure you are fully aware of safety and operational information, the following symbols are used throughout this manual. NOTICE Situations not related to personal injury. WARNING Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury CAUTION Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury All information contained in this manual is based on the latest product information available at the time of printing. We reserve the right to make changes at any time without notice. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form by any means; electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This includes text, pictures and tables. This manual has been produced and is intended as a complement to the Avia Ashok Leyland Motors Original Owners Manual. To become familiar with the vehicle, it is necessary to read and understand this manual, the Avia Manual and all additional literature that is part of your vehicle’s documentation pack (e.g. Owner’s manuals for Tail lift, Radio and Back-Up camera, etc.). It is your responsibility to ensure that all the documentation stays with the vehicle. CD-0650-0015r1 Page | 5 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Page | 6 CD-0650-0015r1 2. Safety Notices and Instructions WARNING Never attempt to open a battery pack. This vehicle uses a battery pack that operates at 320 volts DC. WARNING Never attempt to remove, unplug or cut any of the ORANGE marked cables or conduit. Orange marked cables carry high voltage. WARNING Only authorized personnel are allowed to work on the electrical power and/or control systems. CAUTION DO NOT perform any welding work on the vehicle without permission from Smith Electric Vehicles. Serious damage can be caused to the drive train and the electronic control systems. CAUTION Hazardous Location Warning: It may not be appropriate to drive or operate this electric vehicle in special occupancies, classified locations, or hazardous locations as defined by the National Electrical Code, Section 1. CAUTION EMF/EMC WARNING: Potential electromagnetic field or electromagnetic charge around this electrical vehicle may impact medical electronic devices. The vehicle is fitted with a High Voltage Isolator that removes the power to the controller. This isolator is located between the seats High Voltage Isolator on the control panel (Figure 2.1). Do not operate the High Voltage Isolator while vehicle is in motion! If the High Voltage Isolator is initiated when the vehicle is in motion, the steering will become stiff and the vehicle will continue to roll. The regenerative braking system will not assist braking. The service brake will operate until air is depleted, then the service brake will cease to work. The vehicle can then only be brought to rest with use of the parking brake lever. Use of the park brake will affect braking on the rear wheels only; this will be uncontrolled and the brake will remain on until air system is charged. Do not reset the high voltage isolator until the emergency situation has passed. The high voltage isolator is 'reset' by returning the red switch cover to the RUN position i.e. covering Figure 2.1 the switch, and re-starting the vehicle in the normal manner. CD-0650-0015r1 Page | 7 CAUTION Do not activate the isolator switch in the cabin while vehicle is in motion since this will result in total loss of power and significant increase in effort to control the vehicle when moving. CAUTION Always switch off ignition before operating High Voltage Isolator The power from the traction batteries can be isolated by switches located on each of the 24V System Isolator battery pods by following this procedure: ISOLATED (VERTICAL) Position 1. Remove the ignition key. 2. Turn the 24V System Isolator Switch to the ISOLATED (VERTICAL) position. This switch is located on the driver’s side of the vehicle behind the cabin on the 2x12V battery tray (Figure 2.2). Figure 2.2 3. Turn the High Voltage Isolator switches on both battery pods to their ISOLATED (VERTICAL) positions. a. There is one High Voltage Isolator Switch on each of the battery pods for the 40kWh and 80kWh systems (Figure 2.3). b. There are 2 High Voltage Isolator Switches on each of the battery pods for the 120kWh system (Figure 2.4). 40 & 80kWh High 120 kWh High Voltage Voltage Isolator Isolators ISOLATED (VERTICAL) ISOLATED Position (VERTICAL) Positions Figure 2.3 Figure 2.4 Page | 8 CD-0650-0015r1 Aligning Clearance Holes 4. The High Voltage Isolator switches are equipped with aligning clearance holes designed for the ability to lock the switches in their ISOLATED (VERTICAL) positions. Follow normal “lock-out, tag- out” practices. (Figure 2.5). Figure 2.5 5. The High Voltage Battery system is now isolated. CAUTION The high voltage battery pods will remain live even when isolated. The leads and connectors on the pods will not be live if the pods are isolated. CD-0650-0015r1 Page | 9 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Page | 10 CD-0650-0015r1 3. Vehicle Layout Motor 120kW, AC Induction, Water Cooled Controller Vector control AC system providing variable speed regenerative braking. Batteries Lithium Ion Iron Phosphate (Li Fe PH4) Charger Fully automatic, onboard 208v to 240v Steering Hydraulic, power-assisted mono-block type. Front & Rear: Parabolic springs with transverse torsion bar stabilizer, Suspension hydraulic double acting shock absorbers. 4-Wheel ABS, Full air system with air dryer. Front Brakes: Disc brakes. Brakes Rear Brakes: Disc brakes with load sensing device. Parking Brake: Fail safe spring operated park brakes acting on rear axle. Ladder type, cold riveted and bolted construction with U-section side Chassis members and open profile cross members. 17.5 x 6.0 steel rims (7.5t & 10t std.) Wheels 17.5 x 6.75 steel rims (12t std.) 19.5 x 6.75 steel rims (12t opt.) Goodyear 225/75R 17.5 (7.5 & 10t std.) Goodyear 245/70R 17.5 (12t std.) Tires Goodyear 245/70R 19.5 (12t opt.) All tire pressures should be maintained to pressure indicated on door frame placard. Control Voltage 24 Volt negative ground system All steel, forward control, two door cab with hydraulic tilt. Double zinc coated Cab pressed steel panels with wax injected cavities. Plastic cladding panels on front. Noise and thermal insulation. Front mounting points on rubber bushings. Two point rear cab system with Cab Suspension coil springs and hydraulic shock absorbers and automatic hydraulic lock down device. Adjustable driver seat, dual passenger seat Storage shelf above windshield Storage bin on rear wall Door pockets Interior Hinge out document bin Cup holder Clock Stereo CD CD-0650-0015r1 Page | 11 Main Drive Components Driver Side Charge Point * Circuit Breaker Box (RCD) Passenger Side Charge Point * Drive Motor Master Traction Battery Brake Air Compressor Slave Traction Battery 24V (2x12V) System Batteries 24V Isolator Switch 24V Chargers * Charge Point Locations and Connector 24V (2x12V) Auxiliary Batteries Types Vary By Vehicle Rear Driver Side Charge Point * Figure 3.1 Cabin Heater 7kW, 12kW or 18kW Charger Motor Controller/Inverter (CEU) Drive System Coolant Tank Battery Pod Isolator Switch Figure 3.2 Power Steering Motor/Pump Page | 12 CD-0650-0015r1 4. Controls and Display The controls on the dashboard and steering column are outlined in the Avia Ashok Leyland owner's manual. Different to a conventional vehicle, this vehicle is equipped with an electric cabin heater. See Section 8. The vehicle Drive Controls are located next to the driver's seat in the middle console (Figure 4.1). High Voltage Isolator Regenerative Braking Disconnects the high Switch voltage supply
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Utilimaster(R) Announces Partnership with Smith Electric Vehicles to Produce and Market All-Electric Zero-Emission Newton(TM) Step Vans
    1541 Reynolds Rd. Charlotte, MI 48813 P: 517.543.6400 SPARTANMOTORS.COM Utilimaster(R) Announces Partnership With Smith Electric Vehicles to Produce and Market All-Electric Zero-Emission Newton(TM) Step Vans March 6, 2012 WAKARUSA, Ind., March 6, 2012 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Utilimaster Corporation, a subsidiary of Spartan Motors, Inc. (Nasdaq:SPAR), announced today that it has partnered with Smith Electric Vehicles Corp. (Smith) to produce and market the all-electric zero-emission Newton Step Van. Utilimaster and Smith co-developed an integrated walk-in van design using Smith's Newton chassis platform, which includes its proprietary all-electric Smith Drive™, Smith Power™ and Smith Link™ systems to provide superior power train performance, battery management efficiency and remote system monitoring. The Newton Step Van is available in configurations of 14,000 to 26,000 pounds GVW and 650 - 1200 cubic feet, and provides a range of approximately 100 miles on a single charge. "The innovation and product performance found in the Newton Step Van sets a new industry standard for alternative propulsion walk-in vans. This was achieved by two leaders in the industry – Smith and Utilimaster – collaborating to integrate a new delivery and service solution. The Smith Electric partnership offers our clients an affordable green solution with a reliable all-electric vehicle platform. Utilimaster's electric van body is built on a commercially proven electric drive platform technology that has been working reliably for years with a number of national fleets," says John Knudtson, vice president, product development for Utilimaster. Smith Electric has successfully deployed hundreds of commercial electric vehicles into fleet operations around the world, including PepsiCo's Frito-Lay division, Staples, Coca-Cola, Sainsbury's and TNT.
    [Show full text]
  • One Million Electric Vehicles by 2015
    One Million Electric Vehicles By 2015 February 2011 Status Report 1 Executive Summary President Obama’s goal of putting one million electric vehicles on the road by 2015 represents a key milestone toward dramatically reducing dependence on oil and ensuring that America leads in the growing electric vehicle manufacturing industry. Although the goal is ambitious, key steps already taken and further steps proposed indicate the goal is achievable. Indeed, leading vehicle manufacturers already have plans for cumulative U.S. production capacity of more than 1.2 million electric vehicles by 2015, according to public announcements and news reports. While it appears that the goal is within reach in terms of production capacity, initial costs and lack of familiarity with the technology could be barriers. For that reason, President Obama has proposed steps to accelerate America’s leadership in electric vehicle deployment, including improvements to existing consumer tax credits, programs to help cities prepare for growing demand for electric vehicles and strong support for research and development. Introduction In his 2011 State of the Union address, President Obama called for putting one million electric vehicles on the road by 2015 – affirming and highlighting a goal aimed at building U.S. leadership in technologies that reduce our dependence on oil.1 Electric vehicles (“EVs”) – a term that includes plug-in hybrids, extended range electric vehicles and all- electric vehicles -- represent a key pathway for reducing petroleum dependence, enhancing environmental stewardship and promoting transportation sustainability, while creating high quality jobs and economic growth. To achieve these benefits and reach the goal, President Obama has proposed a new effort that supports advanced technology vehicle adoption through improvements to tax credits in current law, investments in R&D and competitive “With more research and incentives, programs to encourage communities to invest we can break our dependence on oil in infrastructure supporting these vehicles.
    [Show full text]
  • Electric Drive Vehicle Systems: Suggested Changes to Large Truck and Motorcoach Regulations and Inspection Procedures
    Electric Drive Vehicle Systems: Suggested Changes to Large Truck and Motorcoach Regulations and Inspection Procedures November 2015 FOREWORD This report provides recommendations for changes to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs), North American Standard (NAS) inspection procedures, and out-of- service (OOS) criteria that are needed to accommodate and facilitate the use of commercial vehicles with high-voltage electric drive systems. Such vehicles include battery-electric vehicles, vehicles with hybrid-electric drive systems, and vehicles with hydrogen fuel cell engines. In addition to providing specific recommendations for changes, this report summarizes the process used to arrive at the recommendations. NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document. The contents of this report reflect the views of the contractor, who is responsible for the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the USDOT. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers named herein. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective. QUALITY ASSURANCE STATEMENT The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FMCSA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement.
    [Show full text]
  • Smith Newton: Engineered to Perform
    DOCKET 09-ALT-1 DATE 9/9/2009 RECD. 9/22/2009 Driving Growth Through Innovation Overview for California Energy Commission September 9, 2009 Smith’s Newton Fleet is Road Ready and Moving into US Neighborhoods TODAY!!! About Us: HERITAGE •Almost 90 years of experience in building commercial Electric Vehicles (EV’s) around the globe EXPERIENCE •Hundreds of current customers •Thousands of electric vehicles manufactured RELIABILITY •Integrated service network •Approximately 1,000 employees worldwide •Main facilities: UK USA Asia & South Pacific Smith History: 80 Years of Leadership in Electric Vehicles Smith Mission Visionaries take the Driver’s Seat EV Volume Grows – Battery Costs Plummet Technology & Legislation are driving costs down Vehicle Applications •Vehicles that start and end • Food Distribution their day at a central location •Vehicles that do less than 100 •Parcel Delivery miles per-day •Chilled Food Distribution •Operating in congested areas •Typically inner city and urban •Short Haul areas •Utilities •Lots of starts and stops – significant idle time •Airport Operations •Multiple drops/collections •Public Sector •Customer Cost Savings Analysis: A solution is needed Better for the Environment with Bottom line Benefits Perfect for Urban Low Operating Cost Deliveries o Eliminate Fuel Costs o Low Noise No Price Volatility o No Vibration < $.12/mile o Quick Acceleration o Reduced Maintenance Costs o Fewer Moving parts Zero Emissions o No Clutch or Transmission o Nil PM’s o Sealed Electric Motor o Over 50% CO Reduction o No Cooling
    [Show full text]
  • Hybrid and Electric Vehicles the ELECTRIC DRIVE PLUGS IN
    Hybrid and Electric Vehicles THE ELECTRIC DRIVE PLUGS IN June 2011 www.ieahev.org International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement for co-operation on Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies and Programmes Hybrid and Electric Vehicles The Electric Drive Plugs In June 2011 The IA-HEV, also known as the Implementing Agreement for co-operation on Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies and Programmes, functions within a framework created by the International Energy Agency (IEA). Views, findings and publications of IA-HEV do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or of all its individual member countries. Cover Photo: 2011 Nissan Leaf SL 4dr Hatchback The electric drive plugs in. Cover designer: Kizita Awuakye, New West Technologies, LLC ii www.ieahev.org International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement for co-operation on Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies and Programmes Annual report of the Executive Committee and Task 1 over the year 2010 Hybrid and Electric Vehicles The Electric Drive Plugs In Concept and editing: Kristin Abkemeier (Operating Agent Task 1, New West Technologies, LLC) Co-editing: Alison Mize (New West Technologies, LLC), Richard Todaro (New West Technologies), and Martijn van Walwijk (IA-HEV secretary-general) Design and layout: Kizita Awuakye (New West Technologies, LLC) Contributing authors: Kristin Abkemeier New West Technologies, LLC USA Dick Appels Agentschap NL The Netherlands James Barnes DOE USA David Beeton Urban Foresight United Kingdom Carol Burelle NRCan Canada Mario Conte ENEA Italy Isobel Davidson NRC Canada Jørgen Horstmann Consultant Denmark Christina Ianniciello BC Ministry of Energy and Mines Canada Ulf Jonson Swedish Energy Agency Sweden Sigrid Kleindienst Solarcenter Muntwyler AG Switzerland B.J.
    [Show full text]
  • North Carolina Alternative Fuel & Advanced Technology Vehicle
    NORTH CAROLINA 2013-2014 CLEAN TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY DIRECTORY Note: Inclusion in this document does not confer product validation or endorsement. In addition, this document may not include all available alternative fuel options and suppliers. If you would like to be included in this list of technology providers contact [email protected]. This fact sheet contains information about: Click on following categories to jump to specific section Biodiesel Electric Vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles (Light Duty) Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles (Light Duty) Electric Low-Speed Vehicles Ethanol Natural Gas and Propane (CNG/LPG) Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel Retrofit Technologies Idle Reduction Technologies Motor Oils Conservation BIODIESEL Biodiesel is a clean burning alternative fuel, produced from renewable resources. Pure biodiesel (B100) can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend. B20 (20 percent biodiesel and 80 percent petroleum diesel) and higher blends are widely available in North Carolina through a State Purchasing Contract (http://www.doa.state.nc.us/PandC/dynfuels/fuelcost.asp) in all 100 NC Counties and a network of local producers and distributors. Biodiesel fact sheet and NC biofuel retail & distributors: www.cleantransportation.org under Fact Sheets National Biodiesel Board: www.biodiesel.org Most diesel vehicles are currently operating on up to a 5 percent biodiesel blend (B5). Over the last several years, manufacturers have been designing for increased compatibility with
    [Show full text]
  • Electric Drive Vehicles
    Electric Drive Case Study Location: San Francisco, CA Company: Pacifi c Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) Study: Electric Drive Vehicles Pacifi c Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) is a company based in San Francisco, California. As an energy company it directs signifi cant attention to energy effi ciency and clean energy options. The company’s website offers additional information on the company’s community and environmental responsibilities. One of the major changes the company has undergone to reduce its carbon footprint has been the greening of its fl eet vehicles. The company has deployed multiple hybrid electric vehicles within its fl eet as a solid business model. The company has service vehicles such as bucket trucks, “cherry-pickers”, and light-duty fl eet cars. There are three basic types of bucket trucks, says Director of Transportation Services Dave Meisel. The fi rst and least fuel-effi cient type is the standard conventional fuel truck that operates the bucket with a hydraulic system powered by the vehicle’s internal combustion engine. The second type uses conventional diesel engines for propulsion, but uses an electric system to operate the boom and additional systems such as the truck heating and cooling system when the vehicle is stationary. This type of hybrid system allows for reductions in idle fuel consumption and emissions. The third type is the PG&E 100% electric bucket truck, which are the most fuel-effi cient because electric motors power the motor The PG&E 100% electric bucket truck, confi gured and manufactured by for propulsion and all subsystems.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013Vehicle Technologies Market Report
    Vehicle Technologies 2013 Market Report Quick Facts Energy and Economics • Transportation accounts for 28% of total U.S. energy consumption. • Dependence on oil cost the U.S. economy $500 billion in 2012. • The average price of a new car is just over $25,000. • Almost 18% of household expenditures are for transportation. • Over 9 million people are employed in the transportation industry. Light Vehicles • The top nine manufacturers selling vehicles in the U.S. produce about half of the world’s vehicles. • U.S. sales volumes continued to rise in 2012. • Sales-weighted data on new light vehicles sold show a 121% increase in horsepower and 35% decrease in 0-60 time from 1980 to 2013, with the fuel economy of vehicles improving 25%. • Nearly 17% of cars sold in 2013 have continuously variable transmissions. • Almost two-thirds of new light vehicles sold in 2013 have transmissions with more than 5 speeds. Heavy Trucks • Class 8 combination trucks consume an average of 6.5 gallons per thousand ton-miles. • Class 3 truck sales have continued to increase in 2012. • Sales of class 4-7 trucks continued to increase in 2012, but were more than 5% below the 2008 level. • Class 8 truck sales continued to increase in 2012 and have risen drastically above 2009 figures. • Diesel comprised 74% of the class 3-8 trucks sold in 2012, up from 72% in 2008. • Combination trucks are driven an average of over 66,000 miles per year. • Idling a truck-tractor’s engine can use more than a gallon of fuel per hour.
    [Show full text]
  • Smith Electric Vehicles
    2013 DOE VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM REVIEW PRESENTATION Smith Electric Vehicles: Advanced Vehicle Electrification + Transportation Sector Electrification Robin Mackie-Presenter & Principal Investigator Smith Electric Vehicles Corp May 16, 2013 ARRAVT072 1 This presentation does not contain anyConfidential, proprietary, confidential, 4/22/2013 or otherwise restricted information OVERVIEW Timeline Barriers & Risks • Start: Apr 2010 • Finance. • Completion: May 2015 • Supply chain. • Completion status: @ April 22 2013 • Customer Adoption. • Vehicles supplied 82% of target. • Service Support. • Jobs created 58% of target. • Project spend 85% of target. Budget Partner & Collaborators • Total Project Funding • SMITH Europe • DOE $32M. • Customers • SMITH US $37.5M • Technical Partners • DOE funding received $27.3M • Suppliers • Institutions • Other DOE Funded Projects 2 Confidential, 4/22/2013 OBJECTIVES/RELEVANCE Relevance to American Recovery and Reinvestment Act- • Accelerate the development, production and acceptance of AEV’s in the US commercial market to substantially reduce petroleum consumption, reduce vehicular emissions of greenhouse gases, increase energy security, and create US jobs. Project Objectives- • Supply to customers 510 medium duty commercial All Electric Vehicles (AEVs) operating different duties in different regions of the USA. • Collect and submit to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 2 to 3 years of performance data . • Develop Second Generation Smith Power, Smith Drive, Smith Link and Smith Charging
    [Show full text]
  • Plug-In Electric Vehicles Market: State of Play
    TECHNOLOGY PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES MARKET: STATE OF PLAY by Nick Nigro Updated: July 2011 §. PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES CONNECT MANY INDUSTRIES Nearly all major auto companies—as well as several new and environmental change will occur. This opportunity start-ups—plan to produce plug-in electric vehicles affects automakers, electricity providers, vehicle charging (PEVs) within the next 2 or 3 years. 1,2 According to companies, battery manufacturers, all levels of transportation experts, the impact of the growing PEV government and, most importantly, consumers. market on the automobile market, electrical grid, and the Deploying PEVs will bring together many of these transportation system could be significant, and will vary stakeholders for the first time. both regionally and over time.3,4 This paper outlines the state of play in the PEV market The introduction of PEVs into the automobile market including ongoing deployment projects, expected presents a transformative opportunity for the consumer market demand, and public policies related to transportation sector. Wherever these vehicles exist in PEV deployment. sufficient numbers, significant technological, economic, This material is based upon work supported by the Federal Highway Administration under Cooperative Agreement No. DTFH61-07-H-00019. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the Author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the Federal Highway Administration. Copyright, Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES) and Center for Environmental Excellence by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). All Rights Reserved. §.PEV DRIVERS: LOCAL AIR QUALITY, ENERGY SECURITY, & CLIMATE CHANGE 10 Concerns over local air quality, energy security, and barrel.
    [Show full text]
  • Vehicle Technologies Market Report
    Vehicle Technologies 2012 Market Report February 2013 Quick Facts Energy and Economics • Transportation accounts for 28% of total U.S. energy consumption. • Dependence on oil costs the U.S. Economy $300 billion in 2010. • The average price of a new car is just over $25,000. • Almost 17% of household expenditures are for transportation. • Over 9 million people are employed in the transportation industry. Light Vehicles • The top nine U.S. manufacturers produce only half of the world’s vehicles. • U.S. sales volumes continued to rise in 2011, reversing the downward trend. • Sales-weighted data on new light vehicles sold show a 119% increase in horsepower and 35% decrease in 0-60 time from 1980 to 2011, with the fuel economy of vehicles improving 19%. • Nearly 14% of cars sold in 2011 have continuously variable transmissions. • More than two-thirds of new light vehicles sold in 2011 have transmissions with more than 5 speeds. Heavy Trucks • Class 3 truck sales have continued to increase in 2011. • Sales of class 4-7 trucks were up slightly in 2011, but were 39% below the 2007 level. • Class 8 truck sales increased drastically in 2011 and rose above 2007 figures. • Diesel comprised 75% of the class 3-8 trucks sold in 2011, up from 68% in 2007. • Class 8 combination trucks consume an average of 6.5 gallons per thousand ton-miles. • Combination trucks are driven an average over 68,000 miles per year. • Idling a truck-tractor’s engine can use a gallon of fuel per hour. Technologies • Almost 269,000 hybrid vehicles were sold in 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • Emissions Standards Feasibility
    Interim Joint Technical Assessment Report: Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emission Standards and Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards for Model Years 2017-2025 Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of International Policy, Fuel Economy, and Consumer Programs National Highway Traffic Safety Administration U.S. Department of Transportation California Air Resources Board California Environmental Protection Agency September 2010 2017-2025 Technical Assessment Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................... v 1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Purpose of this Report ........................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 National Program for Model Years 2012 - 2016 ................................................................ 1-2 1.3 Standards for 2017 and Beyond ......................................................................................... 1-4 1.4 Future Technical Work and Analysis for the Joint Federal Rulemaking ........................... 1-5 Chapter 1 References ................................................................................................................... 1-7 2 Technical Input from Stakeholders .............................................................. 2-1 2.1 Overview of Stakeholder Outreach Process ......................................................................
    [Show full text]