51. Graphical User Interface Programming
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TOWARD PIN m^ SIECI£ EMANCIPATION: THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDEPENDENCE IN THOMAS HARDY'S WESSEX WOMEN by MARTHA LUAN CARTER BRUN30N, B.S., M.A. A DISSSr.TATION IN ENGLISH Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Technoloc:ical College in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OP PHILOSOPHY Approved AC 90) ACKN j^yLL-roM;- NTS I am deeply Indebted to Dr. Roger L, Brooks for aerving as director of this disserfefitloa and for his con- atant assistance end encouragement over T;he past several yearStt I am also grateful to the other members of my com-» mittee^ Dr» J« T, HcCullen and rr# Jacqueline Collins, for their generous aid anri interest. ii TABL:^ OF CONTENTS Page ACKHOWLED(H^<NTS •«.... ii TVT ONE INTFiODUCTION •.. 1 ?^nT -TWO HAPDY»S WOMEN RiilACT TO SJCIAL CO?^V..IiTIul^S Chapter I Conventional Reaction in uhe Early ^.lovels ••••••••••15 Chapter II Rebels Hevolt. Others Conio/m: The HldfUe Ifovels • • 1^.6 Chapter III A Finer Dividing Line for Con ventions: The Mayor of Caster- bridge and The Woodlanders • . • 35 Chapter IV The New Compounds: teas of the D<Jrbervilles, Jude the oFscurej and The Well-Beloved • • • . • 11? PART TiAih^:: CO'ICLUSION ••••••• •...••• 1U9 BIBLIOG APrlY • • 159 iii PART ONE INTPODUCTI.N Critics, even though they do not consistently inter pret his oharaoterizations, consider among the foremost of Thomas Hardy*s achievements his characterization of women* One does not have to go beyond major critical studies, how ever, to find ample comment on the women as well as to estab lish the -
Apple Software Design Guidelines
Apple Software Design Guidelines May 27, 2004 Java and all Java-based trademarks are Apple Computer, Inc. trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun © 2004 Apple Computer, Inc. Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other All rights reserved. countries. OpenGL is a trademark of Silicon Graphics, No part of this publication may be Inc. reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, PowerPC and and the PowerPC logo are mechanical, electronic, photocopying, trademarks of International Business recording, or otherwise, without prior Machines Corporation, used under license written permission of Apple Computer, Inc., therefrom. with the following exceptions: Any person Simultaneously published in the United is hereby authorized to store documentation States and Canada. on a single computer for personal use only Even though Apple has reviewed this manual, and to print copies of documentation for APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR personal use provided that the REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS MANUAL, documentation contains Apple's copyright ITS QUALITY, ACCURACY, notice. MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple MANUAL IS SOLD ªAS IS,º AND YOU, THE PURCHASER, ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE Computer, Inc. RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY. Use of the ªkeyboardº Apple logo IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES without the prior written consent of Apple RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT OR may constitute trademark infringement and INACCURACY IN THIS MANUAL, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. -
User Interface Software Tools
User Interface Software Tools Brad A. Myers August 1994 CMU-CS-94-182 School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Also appears as Human-Computer Interaction Institute Technical Report CMU-HCII-94-107 This report supersedes CMU-CS-92-114 from February, 1992, published as: Brad A. Myers. ‘‘State of the Art in User Interface Software Tools,’’ Advances in Human- Computer Interaction, Volume 4. Edited by H. Rex Hartson and Deborah Hix. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing, 1993. pp. 110-150. Abstract Almost as long as there have been user interfaces, there have been special software systems and tools to help design and implement the user interface software. Many of these tools have demonstrated significant productivity gains for programmers, and have become important commercial products. Others have proven less successful at supporting the kinds of user interfaces people want to build. This article discusses the different kinds of user interface software tools, and investigates why some approaches have worked and others have not. Many examples of commercial and research systems are included. Finally, current research directions and open issues in the field are discussed. This research was sponsored by NCCOSC under Contract No. N66001-94-C-6037, ARPA Order No. B326. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of NCCOSC or the U.S. Government. CR CATEGORIES AND SUBJECT DESCRIPTORS: D.2.2 [Software Engineering]: Tools and Techniques-User Interfaces; H.1.2 [Models and Principles]: User/Machine Systems-Human Factors; H.5.2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: User Interfaces-User Interface Management Systems; I.2.2 [Artificial Intelligence]: Automatic Programming-Program Synthesis; ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS AND PHRASES: User Interface Software, Toolkits, Interface Builders, User Interface Development Environments. -
An Introduction to Qt 4
AnAn IntroductionIntroduction toto QtQt 44 Jason Trent [email protected] OOuutltliinnee . Why Trolltech? . Why Qt? . Qt 4 Widgets, Datatypes, and Structures . Qt Designer . qmake . Qt without C++ . Demo WWhhyy TTrroolllltetecchh?? .. QQtt aanndd QQttooppiiaa CCoorree aarree OOppeenn SSoouurrccee .. SSuuppppoorrtteedd bbyy mmuullttii--mmiilllliioonn ddoollllaarr ccoommppaannyy WWhhyy QQt?t? .. MMuullttii--ppllaattffoorrmm – No “virtual machines” or emulation layers – Native compilation for Windows, X11, and Mac • Utilizes core OS technologies (Core, Aero, …) – Extensions - ActiveQt, Motif Migration WWhhyy QQt?t? Over 400 C++ Classes . Not just a GUI toolkit – File handling – Networking – Process handling – Threading – Database access – Event loop processing – XML processing – OpenGL integration – and beyond WWhhyy QQt?t? .. IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaalliizzaattiioonn – Built in support for Unicode and Translation • Language and font aware layouts • Bidirectional font support • Mixed-international interface .. SSeeee QQtt LLiinngguuiisstt ffoorr mmoorree WWhhyy QQt?t? .. NNoott jjuusstt mmuuttllii--ppllaattiiffoorrmm,, mmuullttii--aarrcchhiitteeccttuurree .. QQttooppiiaa CCoorree 44 SSeerriieess – Support for embedded devices • Cell phones, PDAs, etc… – Supports Qt4 widgets with little to no code change QQWWiiddggeett TThhee mmeeeekk mmaayy iinnhheerriitt tthhee eeaarrtthh…… ……bbuutt tthhee eeaarrtthh sshhaallll iinnhheerriitt QQWWiiddggeett QWidget QQtt 44 WWiiddggeetsts .. IInnhheerriitt tthhee aallll--ppoowweerrffuull QQWWiiddggeett .. IInncclluuddee:: -
Programming Java for OS X
Programming Java for OS X hat’s so different about Java on a Mac? Pure Java applica- tions run on any operating system that supports Java. W Popular Java tools run on OS X. From the developer’s point of view, Java is Java, no matter where it runs. Users do not agree. To an OS X user, pure Java applications that ignore the feel and features of OS X are less desirable, meaning the customers will take their money elsewhere. Fewer sales translates into unhappy managers and all the awkwardness that follows. In this book, I show how to build GUIs that feel and behave like OS X users expect them to behave. I explain development tools and libraries found on the Mac. I explore bundling of Java applications for deployment on OS X. I also discuss interfacing Java with other languages commonly used on the Mac. This chapter is about the background and basics of Java develop- ment on OS X. I explain the history of Java development. I show you around Apple’s developer Web site. Finally, I go over the IDEs commonly used for Java development on the Mac. In This Chapter Reviewing Apple Java History Exploring the history of Apple embraced Java technologies long before the first version of Java on Apple computers OS X graced a blue and white Mac tower. Refugees from the old Installing developer tan Macs of the 1990s may vaguely remember using what was tools on OS X called the MRJ when their PC counterparts were busy using JVMs. Looking at the MRJ stands for Mac OS Runtime for Java. -
User Interface Software Technology BRAD A
User Interface Software Technology BRAD A. MYERS Human Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University ^[email protected]& The user interface of an application is the application to draw pictures on the the part that the person using the soft- screen and get input from the user, and ware sees and interacts with. The part the window manager allows the end of the software that makes the user user to move windows around, and is interface work is often large, complex, responsible for displaying the title lines, and difficult to implement, debug, and borders, and icons around the windows. modify. Today direct manipulation in- However, many people and systems use terfaces (also called graphical user in- the name “window manager” to refer to terface (GUI’s)) are almost universal, both layers, since systems such as the and the part of the software that han- Macintosh and Microsoft Windows do dles the user interface generally takes a not separate them. significant percentage of the total sys- On top of the windowing system is the tem design and implementation time toolkit, which contains many commonly [Myers and Rosson 1992]. Therefore, used widgets such as menus, buttons, specialized software tools have been cre- scroll bars, and text-input fields. Tool- ated to ease the programmer’s burden, kits usually connect to application pro- and today virtually all new user inter- grams through call-back procedures de- face software uses tools that make the fined by the application programmer implementation easier. Many of these that are used when a widget is operated tools have demonstrated significant pro- by the end user. -
Automated Support for Software Development with Frameworks
Automated Support for Software Development with Frameworks Albert Schappert and Peter Sommerlad Wolfgang Pree Siemens AG - Dept.: ZFE T SE C. Doppler Laboratory for Software Engineering D-81730 Munich, Germany Johannes Kepler University - A-4040 Linz, Austria Voice: ++49 89 636-48148 Fax: -45111 Voice: ++43 70 2468-9431 Fax: -9430 g E-mail: falbert.schappert,peter.sommerlad @zfe.siemens.de E-mail: [email protected] Abstract However, the object–oriented concepts and frameworks intro- duce additional complexity to software development. A framework This document presents some of the results of an industrial research gains its functionality by the cooperation of different components. project on automation of software development. The project’s ob- Thus, the use of a single component may be based on its interrela- jective is to improve productivity and quality of software devel- tionships with others that must be understood and mastered by the opment. We see software development based on frameworks and application developer. libraries of prefabricated components as a step in this direction. Present work on software architecture also emphasizes the in- An adequate development style consists of two complementary terrelationships between software components depending on each activities: the creation of frameworks and new components for other to get control on this additional complexity. There the term de- functionality not available and the composition and configuration sign pattern is used to describe and specify component interaction of existing components. mechanisms in an informal way[Pree, 1994a][Buschmann et al., Just providing adequate frameworks and components does not 1994][Gamma et al., 1994]. -
Jejening BULLETM Guarantees Advertlaera Aorangl , , 2IU.: ....Sept
HWIHIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIUIHmilllllHOllWWI, ' yv?f: !Paily WOMEN READ THE ADS AND BUY THE GOODS STEAMER TABLE, The local merchant needt a From Ban Francisco! 1 paper that reachea the Mongolia . f. .'. j.SodL 1 ' ..... greateat number of H Ventura i. Sept. (J, people In their For 8n Francisco: ' hornet. Manchuria Sept. 8 i f3f THE .' Alameda..: ...Sept 20 P- - St EVENING BULLETIN g Korea t Sept. 22 fills the evening field and From Vancouver: JEjENING BULLETM guarantees advertlaera Aorangl , , 2IU.: ....Sept. both quantity and qual- For Vancouver: ity of circulation. " " " " Mlowera Sept. 20, THE BULLETIN IS HONOLULU'S HOME PAPER fSD O'CLOCK EDITION mmmmmms Voi XII No. 3169 HONOLULU. TERRITORY OjP HAWAII. MONDAY, SEPTEMBER i, 1905 Pbiob 6 Cknts. Some Straight Talk LABOR PEACE TOMORROW While tl i Outing At Pearl Harbor Waiting For Quorum I BASEBALITODAY Y IS MI a Calls Crowd To m FINAL SHOTS ARE Peninsula AIIWA CENTRAL COMMITTEE'S UNOFFICIAL IDEAS D. A. CS AND ELKS IIS TERRITORY OFFICERS REST, FOR CHAMPIONSHIP The Republican Territorial Central (Lane "To smooth things over." -- "COUNTY SERVANTS TOIL Committee met at Republican head- Clarke "To go to I, hear" he has a jGood Property Will Soon FIRED AT FRONT now " quarters Saturday evening to hoar o WEATHER REPORTED FINE AT lane, Interrupting "Ko doubt the GOOD WEATHER PROMISED FOR PARK KAM3 AND MAILES report of on revi- Be Opened For the reports back on tho mainland were DASEQALL, GAME9 AND EX- PLAY FIR8T FOR TAIL- - of Less sion party rules. than halt a stretched a bit; tho reporters must CURSIONDANCING AT ENDERS. -
System Tools Reference Manual for Filenet Image Services
IBM FileNet Image Services Version 4.2 System Tools Reference Manual SC19-3326-00 IBM FileNet Image Services Version 4.2 System Tools Reference Manual SC19-3326-00 Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 1439. This edition applies to version 4.2 of IBM FileNet Image Services (product number 5724-R95) and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. © Copyright IBM Corporation 1984, 2019. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents About this manual 17 Manual Organization 18 Document revision history 18 What to Read First 19 Related Documents 19 Accessing IBM FileNet Documentation 20 IBM FileNet Education 20 Feedback 20 Documentation feedback 20 Product consumability feedback 21 Introduction 22 Tools Overview 22 Subsection Descriptions 35 Description 35 Use 35 Syntax 35 Flags and Options 35 Commands 35 Examples or Sample Output 36 Checklist 36 Procedure 36 May 2011 FileNet Image Services System Tools Reference Manual, Version 4.2 5 Contents Related Topics 36 Running Image Services Tools Remotely 37 How an Image Services Server can hang 37 Best Practices 37 Why an intermediate server works 38 Cross Reference 39 Backup Preparation and Analysis 39 Batches 39 Cache 40 Configuration 41 Core Files 41 Databases 42 Data Dictionary 43 Document Committal 43 Document Deletion 43 Document Services 44 Document Retrieval 44 Enterprise Backup/Restore (EBR) -
Comprehensive Support for Developing Graphical Highly
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF J-Iuan -Chao Keh for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science presented on July 29. 1991 Title:Comprehensive Support for Developing Graphical. Highly Interactive User Interface Systems A Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: ed G. Lewis The general problem of application development of interactive GUI applications has been addressed by toolkits, libraries, user interface management systems, and more recently domain-specific application frameworks. However, the most sophisticated solution offered by frameworks still lacks a number of features which are addressed by this research: 1) limited functionality -- the framework does little to help the developer implement the application's functionality. 2) weak model of the application -- the framework does not incorporate a strong model of the overall architecture of the application program. 3) representation of control sequences is difficult to understand, edit, and reuse -- higher-level, direct-manipulation tools are needed. We address these problems with a new framework design calledOregon Speedcode Universe version 3.0 (OSU v3.0) which is shown, by demonstration,to overcome the limitations above: 1) functionality is provided by a rich set of built-in functions organizedas a class hierarchy, 2) a strong model is provided by OSU v3.0 in the form ofa modified MVC paradigm, and a Petri net based sequencing language which together form the architectural structure of all applications produced by OSU v3.0. 3) representation of control sequences is easily constructed within OSU v3.0 using a Petri net editor, and other direct manipulation tools builton top of the framework. In ddition: 1) applications developed in OSU v3.0 are partially portable because the framework can be moved to another platform, and applicationsare dependent on the class hierarchy of OSU v3.0 rather than the operating system of a particular platform, 2) the functionality of OSU v3.0 is extendable through addition of classes, subclassing, and overriding of existing methods. -
Using Xmlfor User Interface Documentation And
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology © 2005 - 2010 JATIT & LLS. All rights reserved. www.jatit.org USING XML FOR USER INTERFACE DOCUMENTATION AND DIFFERENTIAL EVALUATION 1MOHAMMAD TUBISHAT, 2IZZAT ALSMADI, AND 3MOHAMMED AL-KABI 1Lecturer, Computer Science Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan 2Asstt. Prof., Computer Information Systems Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan 3Asstt. Prof., Computer Information Systems Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan E-mail: [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT In any software product, the user interface is one of the most important parts that defines the communication between the user and the system. One of the challenges in user interfaces is in the ability to save its state at any time as in many cases, especially in problems such as power interruptions; there is a need to save the last “good” state. In some other cases, there is a need to see if the user interface state is changed or to compare the current state with a previous one. This is required for several possible cases such as: evaluation, and changes in requirements, design and implementation. The format used for storing the state of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) should be global and can be easily used by different types of applications (such as the XML format). A GUI state is usually defined as the overall combination of properties of all the components or widgets of the GUI. In this paper an alternative back end representation is proposed for user interfaces and their state from their original format within the applications. In this approach the user interface is converted to an XML file. -
Evolution and Composition of Object-Oriented Frameworks
Evolution and Composition of Object-Oriented Frameworks Michael Mattsson University of Karlskrona/Ronneby Department of Software Engineering and Computer Science ISBN 91-628-3856-3 © Michael Mattsson, 2000 Cover background: Digital imagery® copyright 1999 PhotoDisc, Inc. Printed in Sweden Kaserntryckeriet AB Karlskrona, 2000 To Nisse, my father-in-law - who never had the opportunity to study as much as he would have liked to This thesis is submitted to the Faculty of Technology, University of Karlskrona/Ronneby, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering. Contact Information: Michael Mattsson Department of Software Engineering and Computer Science University of Karlskrona/Ronneby Soft Center SE-372 25 RONNEBY SWEDEN Tel.: +46 457 38 50 00 Fax.: +46 457 27 125 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.ipd.hk-r.se/rise Abstract This thesis comprises studies of evolution and composition of object-oriented frameworks, a certain kind of reusable asset. An object-oriented framework is a set of classes that embodies an abstract design for solutions to a family of related prob- lems. The work presented is based on and has its origin in industrial contexts where object-oriented frameworks have been developed, used, evolved and managed. Thus, the results are based on empirical observations. Both qualitative and quanti- tative approaches have been used in the studies performed which cover both tech- nical and managerial aspects of object-oriented framework technology. Historically, object-oriented frameworks are large monolithic assets which require several design iterations and are therefore costly to develop. With the requirement of building larger applications, software engineers have started to compose multiple frameworks, thereby encountering a number of problems.