IRAN a t a g l a n c e

MIRRORPUBLICATION OF THE CULTURAL COUNCIL OF THE EMBASSY OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN, NIAIROBI-KENYA OCTOBER 2018 | ISSUE NO. 4 Why we mourn Imam Hussein (a.s)

MILAD TOWER, TEHRAN Sheikh Safi al-Din Khanegh and Shrine Ensemble is the tomb of Sheikh Safi-ad-din Ardabili located in Ardabil, Iran Profile The Cultural Council of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Nairobi promotes mutual understanding and Contents cultural co-operation among people of Kenya and Iran in line with the principles of the cultural agreement between Iran and Kenya. Editorial ...... 4 The Cultural Council aims to create enduring partnership between Iran and other cultures and we do this by creating Muharram ...... 5 opportunities to connect with the latest skills, ideas and experience from Iran. Imam Hussein (a.s) ...... 8

Activities Library: Arbaeen of Imam Hussein (a.s) ...... 11 The Cultural Council has a very rich library consisting of myriad of books in the field of Persian language Resistance Economy ...... 18 and literature. Besides, books on human sciences, history of Iran, Islamic studies, world history, religion, Islamic Sanctions ...... 22 philosophy, a large number of books on social sciences, political science, culture and art are also available for Interview ...... 24 readers and scholars. Film and Art Division: View on the ststus of Women ...... 27 The film and art division consists of video and audio tapes of classical Persian music, art books, calligraphy models, Refugee Students ...... 30 attractive sceneries, handicrafts and various prominent Iranian films. In addition, film festivals and cultural Film ...... 34 exhibitions in various parts of Kenya are also organised by this Office. National Library of Iran ...... 37 Public Relations Department: The department arranges meetings with prominent University of Tehran central Library ...... 40 personalities from the domain of Kenya art and culture. Organises seminars, round table discussions and cultural City of Tehran ...... 43 programmes. Information Centre: The Enamelling ...... 46 The centre provides necessary information about Iranian art, culture and all other facets of the Islamic Republic of Architecture ...... 52 Iran. Distribution Unit: Persian Garden ...... 56 This unit is responsible for providing Persian books, periodicals, magazines to the Persian loving people. Persian Gilding ...... 60 Persian Language Teaching Centre: This unit is responsible for organising Beginners, Intermidiate Pomegranate ...... 64 and advance level Persian courses for interested students. Besides, the unit has introduced Persian language teaching programme in Kenyan Universities. Scholarship for Kenyan Students We offer scholarships to study in the Islamic Republic of CULTURAL COUNCIL Iran to pursue either Bachelors, Masters or PhD. Please EMBASSY OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN visit www.irankenya.org for more information. NAIROBI-KENYA

Translation Unit: AmBank House, 11th Floor, University Way The Cultural Council also does translation of books from +254-02) 2241216 (+254) 713 836041 Persian to English. [email protected] | [email protected] www.nairobi.icro.ir | www.irankenya.org irani culture www.nairobi.icro.ir|www.irankenya.org Tel: +254713836041|022241216 Graphic Editor/Production Graphic EDITORIAL TEAM 4 Email: [email protected] P.o. Box 59595-00200 [email protected] Executive Director Mahmoud Majlesain Editor/Research Embassy of I.R.Iran Embassy of

Khamis Mohamed IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER Cultural Council Nairobi-Kenya Distribution Osman Rajab Athman Farsi Mr. MahmoudMajlesain 2018 I W local villagers wholive around set upbymakeshift kitchens tentswith thousandsof of visitor perplexed isthesight leavepilgrimage every which freedom andcompassion. and meta-religioussymbolof as auniversal, borderless, color orcreedseeImamHussein one thing:peopleregardless of rituals, anditcould onlymean exclusive religious natureof devotees. of serving both thepilgrimage as well as and Zoroastrians, partakein faiths includingChristians, Jews, and adherentsfrom other exercise, OurSunnibrothers is adistinctively Shiaspiritual Arbaeeniswhileit feature of Prophet Muhammad(P.B.U.H). Imam Hussein,thegrandson of for theseventh-century killingof the 40-day period mourning festivals theendof thatmark the world’s biggest religious focus isonArbaeen,oneof Iran. of Kenya andtheIslamicRepublic ameliorating tiesbetween withtheintentionof articles throughconcerns enlightening trendsandlocal international readership. Iranian sourcestotheKenyan insight andinspiration from the the Iran Mirror online- Magazine Editorial a source of information, a sourceof magazine designed to provide ran Mirror abi-monthly Another part of the of Another part givenThis isremarkable the Dear readers, onepeculiar In thiseditionourmain The magazine reflectsboth another editionof dear readersfor elcome onceagain to hearthatthereasonyou see garden. Itmightbenew for you atranquil, wellidea of kept the word garden itevokes the the magnificent Persian garden. about throughperuse anarticle the clothesthey wear. on the400milejourney except do notneedtocarryanything Infact,pilgrims charge. free of practically every otheramenity, relatives, tobaby diapers, to phone callstoassureconcerned to rest,freeinternational fresh mealstoeatandaspace everything they need.From where pilgrimsget practically (called ‘mawkeb’) areplaces the pilgrims’path.Thetents blessed. being ourardent reader. Be appreciation for continuing Magazine we send ourheartfelt dissect through ourstories and otherstoriesit’s your timeto fountains. gardens filledwithtrickling busy bazaarsandPersian boulevards, impressive mosques, Islamic Republic Iran. of city,modern the thecapitalof about Tehran city, abeautiful paradise onearth. a symbolicrepresentationof tocreate andarchitecture art with theaestheticqualitiesof nature combined thebeautyof howlearn Iranian gardens have Persians. the garden couldbebecause of paradise a through theprismof To manyus, whenwe of hear My dearreaderyou canalso From Iran Mirror thefamilyof For moreinsightaboutTehran Tehran long acityof interestisthearticle Also of Read throughto thisarticle M s seta t udrtn te rfud philosophy profound the understand to essential is aggressors exist. and tyrants as long as significant and relevant be will Nigeria, in Myanmar, in Iraq, in Kashmir. This movement even continues history,today – in throughout Palestine, in people Syria, in Afghanistan, of in Yemen, in minds might, justversus versus unjust,truth falsehood. right of The struggle eternal reformation. the about social movement and awakening Islamic for movement a of beginning the was or It gains one-upmanship. political paltry for struggle a not was ago years 1400 Karbala of plains desert the on uprising ignominy. and dignity between impiousness, and between righteousness falsehood, and truth the between defines relationship that philosophy illuminating profoundly commemorations Muharram The Significanceof nesadn te sec o Ia’ uprising Imam’s of essence the Understanding and hearts the gripped has which movement, The (a.s) Husain’s Imam challengers of leader The riig rud gifcnrc iul I i a is It ritual. grief-centric a around orbiting history, in chapter poignant a merely not is perception, popular the to contrary uharram, MUHARRAM place of mercy. Allah brought victory through us and us through victory brought Allah mercy. of place the and to, descend angels where place message,the His of “Wecore the Prophet, Holy the pay of household the are refused. to categorically he (a.s) Yazid, to Hussain allegiance Imam summoned Medina, of mentioned that when Waleed ibn Uqbah, the governor these forces. against resistance and defiance of importance the us shapes teaches Karbala world. the acrossmanifestations, and and forms various in today, even exist They grounds. flimsy on innocents target civil and disturbance, create practices, religious peaceful ban order, social disrupt to tried have They time. every and age (every day isAshura andevery placeisKarbala). – speeches his in phrase this used often (ra) Khomeini Imam space. and time of frontiers the across cuts appeal their and annual these of significance commemorations. the and Karbala of In Maqtal al-Hussain by Al-Khwarizmi Hanafi, it is it Hanafi, Al-Khwarizmi by al-Hussain Maqtal In Despots, crooks and scoundrels have existed in every symbolic way a in are Karbala and Muharram ‘Kullu yauminAshura,kulluarzinKarbala’ IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

5 IRAN MIRROR from their self-inflicted misery. He even addressed his addressed even He misery. self-inflicted their from people liberate to Awsaja ibn Muslim and Qain Zuhair ibn Muzahir, ibn Habib Khudayr, ibn Burayr the like as ruler alcoholic an thefaithful’.Heasked hisnoblecompanions ‘leader of recognize to refused he because simply Mecca and Madina of out wasforced the to believers”. and Apostle His to and Allah to only belongs Surah that “the might Munafiqun says in Creator, who his of command the obliging thus yield, to refused (pbuh) Holy Prophet the of poet ad eidd hm f hi rlgo and religion their of them reminded and opponents 6 Hussain (a.s) did not seek confrontation or conflict. He IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER person like him,” Hussain(a.s)said. a to allegiance of pledge the give cannot likeme person disobeysA openly God. and man who consumes alcohol, kills the innocent, corrupt a Yazidis while us, by conclude will ept al vr ad oet pressure covert and overt all Despite atc; h blvd grandson beloved the tactics; gis te believers.” (Surah Nisa:4:141) the against give the unbelievers a way “And Allah will by no means 2018 MUHARRAM Shariati. “Our history, starting from Habil and Ghabil, and Habil from history, starting “Our Shariati. Adam, as noted by the celebrated Iranian scholar Dr. Ali that forces terrorize, the intimidate, humiliateandkill. resist single-mindedly and Karbala Hussain’sKufansto playedvictory”. but call, (a.s) deaf with you (O Hussain) so were we we would “wish have say: won we the (a.s), greatest Hussain Imam e Ziyarat rescue? Isthereany helpertohelpus?” our to come anyoneto there “Is call. immortal an call, a raised then He (pbuh). Prophet their of position the as emphasized in the Holy Quran. defeat, disgraceful faced alwayshave forces evil the differently.”And disguised have poles two these time two God and poles period Satan, of of though in each between the conflict eternal the of manifestation the is These forces have existed since the time of Prophet of time the since existedhaveforces These In today. even resonates that call universal a is It h da isiain from inspiration draw was who It those battlefield. of hearts the in decided the over-zealous in decided not was some ecclesiastics, hear youfrom what to contrary we question need toaskourselves. a That’s Hussain (a.s)? for beating hearts our Are him? wesnub will also The epic battle Karbala,of “And Allah will by no (Surah Nisa) means give theunbelievers againstthebelievers. away of theircause. of righteousness the in believe who those to purpose and hope of sense a give and (a.s) Husain bytaken stand and Yazid of unyielding the cruelty of speak They (a.s). Husain of the patience of us remind Muharram gatherings The in bright. recited hymns shines and elegies truth soul-stirring and vanishes injustice that message strong and clear a out send to month this in become morepopularandpowerful. have but relevance, or significance their lost not have and overcame allresistance.” power oppressive ruling the confronted and against stood who (sa) Zainab was It blood… with expressed and Hussein that truth the words with expressedfairly. She perfectly thoroughly, mission her accomplished Karbala. of aftermath the in role significant a played – eloquent) (intensely Balighah and fluent) (skillfully Fasihah as known be to came who – (SA) Zainab (a.s). Abideen Zainul Imam by Imam Husain’s sister Sayyeda Zainab (sa) and his son Husain (a.s). Muharram commemorations were first held of mission the and forward carry to Karbala pledge their reaffirm of martyrs the remember collectively Massive processions are taken out across the world the across out taken are processions Massive commemorations annual these on, years 1400 Even “She tribute. beautiful a her pays Shariati Ali Dr. In the month of Muharram, Muslims around the world File photo: Ashura in Nakuru, KenyaFile photo:Ashura inNakuru, MUHARRAM ” of Hussain (a.s)willreverberateof across theworld. message the and relevant remain will Karbala world, the in corruption and oppression injustice, is there as long As forgotten. be never will companions his and of number the Arbaeen, pilgrims islikely toswell even further. on year, This alive. is (sa) Zainab of mission the that fact the to testimony bore threats, ISIS and heat the beating year, last Ashura) after day fortieth (the Arbaeen on Karbala to Najaf Karbala. of that was first carried out by Zainab (sa) after the battle task the with entrusted been havejustice, and truth of We,generations.campaigners future the to blood this and equally important mission is to carry the message of companions undertook the mission of blood. The second his and (a.s) Husain message. the and blood visages: andaggression. their cruelty to defiance as commemorations annual these see they Pakistan. Yazid Theattackers belongtothecultof and come in under places attack like Afghanistan, Iraq and nature, in peaceful completely are which these processions, why precisely is That Karbala. in followers his and (a.s) Husain exemplified by principles the around The exemplary sacrifices rendered by Husain (a.s) Husain by rendered sacrifices exemplary The from foot by marched who people million 20 The two has says, Shariati Ali Dr. revolution, Every life our reorganize us help commemorations These IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

7 IRAN MIRROR N mm usi’ (a.s.) Hussein’s Imam about speak to martyrdom. want you “If say, may They (a.s.) for mourning Imam ceremonies Hussein’s Muharram. the of may value the question people Some month the of in Islam promote to efforts the Imam Hussein(a.s). mourn we question why ansers the above Ayatullah Ali Khamenei The SpiritualLeader, not ask of you any reward for it but love for you itbut anyreward for my near not askof from among you.” obedience. Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority and submission is interpretation bow down (inprayer).” believe,who worship establish who andpaycharity, and guardian canonlybeAllah-andHismessenger those interpretations. these of one is [Guardianship] Imams are interpreted in three different ways. Wilayat mourning. traditional formsof the recommended (r.a.) Khomeini Imam the why This is Imams. emotional to infallible this connection absence of the in path this on ahead move to hard extremely It be will assumption. a wrong is This crying?” the all Why movement. his go ahead just and speak about movement, 8 redhp s h tid interpretation. third the is Friendship infallible the of role the about verses Quranic The IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER o ics a regarding point discuss to like would I ow (a.s)? Hussein Imam mourn we should Why [The HolyQuran, 4:59] [The Holy Quran, 5: 55] Another 2018 IMAM HUSSEIN (A.S) “Say:Ido “Obey “Your Similarly, praising their virtues [through the mourning mourning the [through virtues connection. their praising emotional Similarly, this establish to attempt an is them to happened that tragedies the Narrating (a.s.). through this emotional connection achieved to the be infallible Imams can it and importance, paramount of is friendship of sense this Therefore, disasters. same the face will friendship,Ummah Islamic the of sense this of (a.s.).Imams infallible the absence the In of leadership who ended this friendship gradually aside brushed the is what but them, assurance.friendship for? Thisfriendshipisakindof obey and Wilayat their accept relatives.” After the Holy Prophet (s.w.a.) passed away,(s.w.a.)passed those Prophet Holy the After to advised are People friendship? this is What [TheHolyQuran, 42:23] f h Hl Prophet’s Holy the of who love the members an them advantageover those give and will insolent more enemies the make will is Zani Qame because That be not practiced. must it haraam, and declared been has in foreheads] ritual prohibited unacceptable.Forinstance, religiously [a Zani” “Qame are mourning of forms some course Of necessary. be alwayswill they necessary,and are ceremonies These ceremonies. mourning these of necessity the reject and Some people should Ashura. not adopt of a so-called events intellectual position the narrate and ceremonies ceremonies] is another way to form this emotional bond. Therefore, it is necessary to hold the mourning mourning the hold to necessary is it Therefore, hc pol ct their cut people which which peoplecuttheirforeheads] which Zani” [areligiouslyprohibited ritualin instance, For unacceptable. are “ be practiced not must it and haraam, declared been Of course some forms of mourning mourning of forms some course Of IMAM HUSSEIN (A.S) . ” Quran Islamnor nothing of would’ve remained Had Imam Hussain(as) not made sacrifices, These Imams. infallible rituals arevery good. the to connection emotional one’s strengthen increasingly can rituals mourning common the But household. “Qame IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER has oohim and worship on centered on monotheism relied it humans and thought discord among paganism Rather than oppression. than rather justice on foundation its laid it that (pbuh) in feature this had Prophet holy h rln o the of ruling The 2018

9 IRAN MIRROR oncin t l. hs to r te xc opposite exact the are two These all. at connection faithful or emotional spiritual, no with deception and an leadership, transcendent emotional andfaithbasedconnectionwiththepublic. and spiritual means the Imamate other. refutes each controvert two and These monarchy. from differs contradicts, Imamate explorative and minds. young the for issues on, elaborate examples and further evidence that should researchers of hundreds across come we subjects these on reflect ignorance began to rule. wisdom, During these fifty than years, as Rather we established. were classes social different between gap brotherhood, a and and discord discrimination, equality than Rather again. rule to came oppression Justice, than Rather within. Islam no was there however, there; was name the “Islam”, called still religion was The changed. things years fifty After towardsperfection. moving person vigorous and devotion; nor did he have any record of struggle for struggle of record any or have he did nor chastity devotion; piety, wisdom, knowledge, like features had connections with the people, nor did he have great neither power to come had Yazidwhich say,the to is (as) rose up, is the of second type not the first one. That class. theruling and the covetousness of wealth accumulating at aimed class; privileged a for an is Monarchy boon. authoritarian rule against what towardsbenefits the people and and nation, the for nation, the among moving is Imamate other. each of 10 What we observe from the time when Imam Hussain force,power of rule the However,means monarchy of nature The monarchy! into turned Imamate IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER pious, chaste, knowledgeable, active, dynamic a be would government, a such growswithin and is a government glorified inside out. One who friendship such resentment; than communication, rather compatibleness, love, on relied It ignorance. and to knowledge opposed on as wisdom relied It God. one of 2018 IMAM HUSSEIN (A.S) brought up. I have risen up to fight against things.” such to the direction that Islam seeks and the prophet (pbuh) transformation, moving towards deviation; it is contrary of type wrong the it’s transformation; a through gone has prophet the of nation the among situation the that see power;forI thirsty and greed in boasting conceit, history, that said, “I have not risen up out arrogance,of brother Muhammad Ibn Hanfiyeh--in fact a message to his to message a in wrote he Medina, left initially he when Hence, ignorance. and mortification humiliation, Islamic values, for wisdomandfor faithanddignity. [revivalforof] the uprising an is it inside deep looking however, Yazid; of government anti-democratic and corrupt the against uprising an is uprising this event, cameforthandheroseopportunity up. Prophet(pbuh)--an the of successor the be to was who Imam, the is (as)--who Ali Ibn Hussain like man a for him resembled the prophet (pbuh). With such conditions, wasnor man; believing a in Nothing man. wise of a he those manners in his were nor faith spiritualities; its absolute and Islam have he did nor God; of sake the of sacrificing his blood and being oppressed- the it, forget oppressed- ever never would and being history the that language blood his sacrificing of language the through but tongue physical a through history,not throughout stream non-stop and a perpetual like truth of words his promote would (as) Hussain and political victory,military Imam point forthis anyat then reason, a achieve not did (as) Hussain Imam if that is dimension other The changed. would’ve history of course wasthe this achieved, haveIf should been. it where path right ruined the on back it lives,putting their then and people the suppressed that hands the if (as) Hussain would be able to Imam overcome Yazid by taking power that out was outcome One good. be therefor it can have two outcomes, wouldboth which of It is aimed at saving the people from corruption, corruption, from people the saving at aimed is It this of analysis apparent the at look a take we If The struggle of Imam Hussain (as) has two dimensions, I Christians, Yazidis, Zoroastrians, and Sabians partake in even exercise,Sunnis, spiritual Shia distinctively a is it show faith. of greatest their for gathering pilgrims Shia of sight the dangerous enemy, so nothing infuriates the terror group more than Daesh (aka ‘Islamic State’) sees the Shia as their mortal and chaotic the of backdrop takes against place it unique because is Arbaeen year. after year growing is it and population, entire Iraq’s of 60% year. staggering a is That last the on million rally other dwarfsevery isonly Arbaeen short, year.In latter third every held the since Mela, Kumbh than significant visitors to Mecca (by five, a factor of in fact), it is more of exceedcongregationnumber the the does only Not ahrn ad o’e rbby ee had f it! of heard never probably you’ve and gathering This is known as Arbaeen, it is the world’s most t’s nottheMuslimHajj,orHinduKumbh Mela. populous biggest Pilgrimage Arbaeen; theworld’s There’s Arbaeen. While another peculiar feature of all, Above epltcl scenes. geopolitical twenty reaching planet, and itisgrowing year population, afteryear. entire Iraq’s of 60% twenty reaching million last year. planet, That is a the staggering on “ Arbaeen dwarfs every other rally ARBAEEN agnun vn dsie h soy aig l the all having story the despite event gargantuan fails even tomake itintotheTVnews ticker! in million somehow injustice and terror twenty of defiance obstreperous of gathering a But Russia.. in rally anti-Putin an or Kong Hong in march pro-democracy headlines. more concerned is press the that fact the with do to compassion. people borderless, and meta-religious symbol freedom of and thing: one mean only regardless color of or creed see Hussein as a universal, could it and rituals, religious of nature exclusive the given remarkable is both the pilgrimage as well as serving of devotees. This An unofficial media embargo is imposed onthe isimposed embargo media unofficial An a to awarded is airtime of level same The has probably it of heard never have you Why IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER ” n te wl make will they and London to in streets the take protestors hundred few anti-immigration a If Islam. to comes it when inspiring narratives, particularly with positive, than tabloids, sensationalized and gory, negative, with 2018

11 IRAN MIRROR suppressed religious fervor inIraq. suppressed religiousfervor previously into glimpse a caught had televised world the event, in aglobally “Hussein”. in decades, of: time heard first never the For had he man a of the name chanting Karbala, as known city holy a towards streaming millions all byof drawn scenes be to only news it the waswatching he evening, as One 2003. in me started told he lightly, so upon inquiry decision life-altering a such takes Evidently, one no Islam. to converted had who met several years ago a young is Australian man I it, by inspired individuals countless people. e eal akn hmef “h i ti Hsen who Hussein this is “Who himself. asking is recalls he “Where bottle. the Karbala, and why everyone fromis heading in its direction?” escaped had irreversibly genie the and crumbled had Fear’ of ‘Republic The persecution. dictatorship from free era new a to respond would Iraqis how see to eager were viewers 12 Hussein Hassan andNTVJournalist SalimSwaleh Pilgrims whovisited Karbala from left(Mwinyi last year: Ramadhani,Some of Ali, Rajab Osman, Sh.Muhammad Mwega, Western toppled, regime Ba’athist Sunni the With the Among IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER hcwvs n tuhs h ms random most the touches and shockwaves editorial axe major of news outlets, it creates the through it make does story a such But when originality. political as well as backdrop, the tense the message, numbers, revolutionary the significance, staggering the feature; eye-catching an of elements critical 2018 as serving of devotees. of as serving Sabians well as pilgrimage the both in and partake Zoroastrians, Yazidis, spiritual exercise, Sunnis, even Christians, distinctivelya is it While Arbaeen. Shia “ hr’ aohr euir etr of feature peculiar another There’s ARBAEEN On the other hand, if you felt someone was engagedwas someone felt you if hand, other the On times) unless they have a personal interest in the matter. ancient in transpired that one less (much dispute a into drawn be to unlikely are People own? their as plight to want you “If field. magnetic irresistible Hussein’s as described be only could what to closer drew they as human pilgrims into iron filings, swarming together other he had ever seen. connection A sense turned fervent of especially moving because the imagery was unlike any hisdeathfourteencenturiesafterthefact?” mourn motivates people to defy all the odds and come out to ild n abl o a a wih eae nw as known became which day a on Karbala in killed revered by He was Martyrs”. Muslims as the “Prince of possibility.to hisbeliefsisnotafar-fetched would empathize with him to the point where conversion and interest vested a had you feel woulddignity, you of life a to entitlement your and justly, treated be to over fight freedom, a to in prerogative right your your ht e inse i ta 6-eod eot was report 60-second that in witnessed he What usi, rnsn f h Poht uamd is Muhammad, Prophet the of grandson Hussein, ” The Ultimate Tragedy The Ultimate as, n ve his view his and cause, up take millions makes he that today presence palpable so a such have be and alive ago years 1396 killed was who Karbala” hesaid. to come religion, lively see aliving, breathing, o cud man a could How tyrannical caliph,Yazid. having refused to pledge allegiance to the corrupt and Ashura, the tenth day of the Islamic month of Muharram, iy f ar ad abl i a og ore b car, by journey long a is Karbala and Basra of city they miles. for causedablockade hundredsof that other.hugecrowds the so The wereto horizon the visibly black-veiled women, fill the eye from one end of tumultuous, yet peacefulgathering. this of spirit the capture to narrow too is lens camera widest-angle the even that me to proved witnessed I find out for why myself the city is so intoxicating. What falls onFriday 12December. in mourning many Muslim traditions. This year, Arbaeen days later, on Arbaeen. Forty days is the usual length of Hussein, in on particular the days Ashura, of then, forty the coldestreader.” of sympathy the awaken will Hussein of death the of Gibbon: “In a distant age and climate, the tragic scene were Edwardhistorian English the bodies of words the In mutilated. Their slain. was he day the since year every pulpits from recounted tale graphic a manner, macabre most the in beheaded then and water, and food of starved 30,000, of army an by desert the in The 425 mile distance between the southern port port southern the between distance mile 425 The An avalanche men, of women and but children, most to home, ancestral own my Karbala, to travelled I of death the mourned since have Muslims Shia He and his family and companions were surrounded Long Trek ARBAEEN r pae wee igis e patcly everything practically get pilgrims where places are ‘mawkeb’) (called tents The path. livepilgrims’ the around who villagers local by up set kitchens makeshift with tents of thousands of perplexedsight visitor the is sense. every in genuine is statement this that doubts one no world, the in headline one number the makesIraq that state detrimental the in being security With nephews. 680AD in and Karbala nieces parched his forwater fetch of to trying while Battle who the in lieutenant, killed also trusted was and half-brother Hussein’s of the purpose of theirjourney: thepurposeof of Hussein. Flags and banners remind them, and the world, Master” “The forlove burning their besides little carry pilgrims the gear, travel or amenities basic most the terroristeven Without marshlands. dangerous and strongholds, through roads, uneven down terrain, rough across travel They night. at cold bone-chilling in and day the during sun scorching the in trudge groupsage all of People walk. the complete to weeks two full a pilgrims takes It foot. on arduous unimaginably it’s but One part of the pilgrimage which will leave every leave will which pilgrimage the of part One Abbas, by recited epic an recalls message The Free lunch.Anddinner,Free andbreakfast! My lifeareoneandthesame, anddeath O self, you areworthless afterHussein. So be it if they callmeinsane! So beitif IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

13 IRAN MIRROR Haitians. to delivered been had meals million 4.9 catastrophe, humanitarian and the of months five agencies within that announced federal various of the resources together massive bringing Response, Unified Operation Programmer Food of its relief efforts. The United States Worldmilitary, launched UN announced delivery the of half a million meals at the height support, and the Haiti of earthquake, and with worldwide sympathy after anap. Allcomplimentary, course. of you to returned then ironed, washed, are clothes your while rest to invited are you then meal, hot delicious a offered are you then massage, foot a can you first offerings, their accept to fit for kings: services often includes a full suite of which them with plead to path pilgrims’ the intercept organizers Mawkeb drink. and 14 Now compare that with over 50 million meals per meals million 50 over with that compare Now For someperspective, considerthis:Intheaftermath foodfor invited are howpilgrims is intriguing More IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER o ar ayhn o te 0 ml journey except theclothesthey mile wear. 400 the on anything carry to need not do pilgrims fact, In charge. of free amenity, other every practically to diapers, baby to relatives, phone concerned assure international to calls free to rest, to a and space eat to meals fresh From need. they 2018 ARBAEEN ht ds o h setce s ht a te security the as motivatedto that, are people worsen,evenmore conditions is spectacle the to adds What suicidebombings. threat of volunteers serving a single event, all under table, the imminent dining continuous largest number of people fed for free, longest largest group of gathering, annual biggest categories: several in RecordsWorld of Book Arbaeenpilgrims.”of terrorists, but the selfless sacrifices exhibited by millions barbaric hundred few a of actions the at look “don’t know what Islam teaches,” says one Mawkeb organizer, eyeon one have Daesh, and another on who protecting the pilgrim’s path. fighters “To volunteer by mostly provided is security Everything, including satisfied. are visitors that yearroundso all save up and pilgrims the feed to starve who charities, farmers and laborers bypoor but international or Nations United the by not financed all pilgrimage, the of duration the for meals million 700 about to equating Arbaeen, during day but a bold statement of resistance. Videos have been have Videos exercise,resistance. of statement bold religious a but mere a isn’t pilgrimage the Thus, defiance. in march and threats terrorist the challenge Just looking at the multitudes leavesyoubreathless. multitudes the at looking Just Guinness the in listed be should Arbaeen fact, In Unmatched DevotionUnmatched and accomodation, all for free. and accomodation, services, diapers calls international for children, food, massage, tailoringservices, medical Volunteers pilgrims withwater, serving fruits, ARBAEEN epe n rths ad ln snos holding seniors blind walking sticks. and wheelchairs, crutches, in on men old people arms, carrying their women in see children You pilgrims. the inspires the holycity. foreignersfrom- dangerousthe making journey to and Iraqis old, and young - people deter to seem doesn’t death of threat imminent the Yetcountry. Iraq, and the insecurity in that continues to plague living the Shias facing dangers the illustrate lives, mostly targeting Shia pilgrims and taking countless unison: in chanting numbers, greater even in out havecrowdspilgrims,to the the only turn suicide of midst the a in up himself blows bomber how showing online posted of Hussein. They enter the sacred shrine weeping shrine sacred the enter They Hussein. of go to cry. To mourn and experience the angelic aura Theysites. historical ancient visit to or entertained, be shop, to or beauty, admire physical mausoleum’s to the or palms, date with lush - landscape extension alldivinely-appointedprophets. of love for the oppressed is viewed as an inseparable and justice, truth, of message Hussein’s that shows It proclamation. this making profoundin something is There Jesus. and Moses Abraham, Noah, of Adam, “inheritor” the Hussein calling by address the begin they which it, In textHussein. of status sacred the summarizes a Ziyara, the recite is shrine his reaching upon do pilgrims that thing first The in doing so, they reaffirm their pledge to his ideals. death, his of nature atrocious the of reminded be cry They alone. emotion by driven not are Abbas courage andcommitment. itseems but heroesand with real life heroes whose superpower comic is their with concerned more made, is Hollywood are films which of Oscar-winning out story of kind the is It walked. they as armpits the by him held and his of top on feet boy’s the put father the trek the of part a for So walkunassisted. not could and cerebralpalsy had fromboy.disabled Basrahis with 12-year-oldThe I met a father who had travelled all the way the all travelled had who father a met I what understand to outsider an for easy isn’t It The horrific bomb blasts which occur year-round, People go to Karbala not at to the marvel city’s brother his and Hussein of shrine the to Visitors If they sever ourlegs andhands,If We shallcrawltotheHolyLands! Golden Dome of Hussein Golden Domeof IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

15 IRAN MIRROR sticks. walking holding seniors blind crutches, and on people in wheelchairs, men old arms, their the in children carrying inspires women see You pilgrims. what understand “ of his followers, a question this profound, which can which profound, this question followers,a his of canextinguish mediablackout itslight. of and change champions for the better, and no amount inspires, encourages, legend His lives. their of facet destruction. and death of credo its the and Daesh tounderstand of roots ancient begin would they sacrifice, his his with living legend. developed have him know to come have who those that relationship spiritual the and Hussein Imam of status and character the of understanding motivatesan requires that something is people these What proportions. epic of vista picturesque a is It friend. long-lost a of face the touches one manner wallsits theyshrine; same the the in doors and touch shrine of Husseinonfoot. shrine of can be answered only when you have marched to the another,for religion their relinquish to people cause 16 Wo s hs usi? Fr udes f millions of hundreds For Hussein?” this is “Who every into woven primordially is presence His the world understood Hussein, If his message, and t s’ es fr n usdr to outsider an for easy isn’t It IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER ” of his tomb; they kiss the floor leading into leading floor theythe tomb; kiss his of and call out his name; they grip the housing man they have never seen. They talk to him established a personal relationship with the ever seen. sacrifice of act greatest the lamenting and t s s huh vr pro has person every though as is It 2018 ARBAEEN ARBAEEN IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

17 IRAN MIRROR U eouin as “h Rssac Eooy s the cannot destroy it”. is Economy shakeseconomic and global international, the and bases Resistance firm inside has “The economywhich endogenouseconomy;the says: Revolution the economicproduction. to lead will needs current society’s the with accordance economic growth and generating science in the country in the in role unique their play can knowledge and science dependence and minimized foreignbe the will on goods reliance and self-sufficiency, and production domestic economic is foundationsstrong throughthe and on pillars based domestic the are there economic country’s which the and in independence conditions the mean we also, but society, the in welfare enough than more and rather thanthecountry’s economicturmoil. result no yield will it it, to inattentive become believers and understated is and life worldly and material the to hereafter. If the economy is assumed just as a thing related developed the about easily speeches run to is possible not it conditions, deteriorating and turmoil economic the the mirror of this world, we will acknowledge that through progress. we If accept that the Resurrection Day is in fact subsequently to the social and political development and and growth economic the to lead surely can connection such and economy and religion the between relationship culture. this developing for ground proper the are mosques and Religion can play a main role in different economic fields behavior. and attitude economic the of on beliefs influence religious the of truth undeniable the is important what is but, theory, this disprove or prove to want don’t factors in shaping the Western economic foundations. We significant most the of one or significant most the as ethic capitalism western current influenced by the religious roots and regard the the religious know Capitalism”) Spirit of the and Ethic Protestant “The book the in theory adopt tofulfilltheresistanceeconomy. can mosques that functions the of one is theism on based 18 n hs ead te urm lae o te Islamic the of leader supreme the regard, this In capitalism of growth the mean don’t we course, Of oqe cn ly poe rl i etbihn a establishing in role proper a play can Mosques this proposed Weber (Max sociologists Some IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER seily o hp itnin ad motivations principles life towards and the goals economic the directing and spiritual intentions shape and to especially religious the tilizing development strategy and growthIran’s of path towardsthe main Economy, Resistance 2018 RESISTANCE ECONOMY n laig cnm a a iel n sial model suitable and ideal an as economy leading and dynamic a forming on Revolution Islamic the of leader packages intheothercountries. and other the from special different is that package a political unique is Economy Resistance the that say can we requirements, its towards look precise and deep a having by opportunities, into challenges changing and threats war overcoming and sanctions economic of enemies’ the aim from resulting the with drawn been has Resistancethe that seems Economy situation current the in it Although, development. path and progress country’s the the towards of strategy main the as known be can first time the Islamicby the insightful leader of Revolution Resistance the about thesociety. thenecessitiesof Economy asoneof directives his to paid be attention should special and Revolution, Islamic the of leader supreme the of guidelines and messages the fulfilling in pioneer be should and sayings leader’s supreme the of audiences the of one is society the of pillars cultural the of one as Organization Development Islamic Economy. Islamic the of field the in science generatingreligious the religious discourse, culture the of Resistance Economy and Economy,Resistance the of goals the with familiar more preachers making of aim the with made are Revolution This theory indicates the great stance of the supreme the of stance great the indicates theory This The theory of the Resistance Economy proposed for this Islamic the of leader supreme the of sayings The The SupremeLeaderAyatullah AliKhamenei ed o te eefe hs en pca ad someone and special been has hereafter the of needs the and world the towards religion the of look the and (S) (AS), they have had special Islam attitude towards the economy, of Prophet great the of hadiths and traditions we in see as and country, our of in issues main one the is Economy economic sections. different in programs wisely by implementing opportunity threats into enemies’ the and various oil with crude it replace the of selling the out cut to properopportunity a is embargo oil recent The Revolution. Islamic the most important concerns the of supreme leader the of of one is incomes non-oil the increase to capacities and potentials great utilizing for planning reasonable and theIslamicRevolution.of Economy by relying on the stances the of supreme leader Resistance the of requirements and pillars the present to Islamic modern civilization. In this paper, it has been tried the of formation the eveof the on Islam of world forthe the needs of the society and removing poverty, we will wepoverty, removing and society the meeting of needs for the planning no is there if and too, hereafter any have cannot life his for plan any have doesn’t who oa, Resistance Today, rational a of lack the and incomes oil the on Relying and the infallible Imams infallible the and change and products oil change too.change will changed, economics of direction is and path the human of behavior the If behavior. changes or shapes institution social a as religion behavior.The human “ Economics clarifies the regulation of the of regulation the clarifies Economics RESISTANCE ECONOMY ” the Islamicsystem. and institutions is at the of the service and school goals of economy of science the of Islamic means the using the by economy fact, In government. Islamic is the economy in Islamic realized The formed. be will system Islamic an in System” is Economy “Islamic that the “Economic-Social somehow Economy” “National and the Institutions”, School”, “Economic ignore thisissue. to not the us recommended and has Islam grow of religion will blasphemy how witness changes behavior. If the behavior of human is changed, changed, is human of behavior or the behavior.If shapes changes institution social a as religion The behavior. and affectthemtoo. scientific stances. the veryfoundationsaffects the intellectual issue and the By combining three elements of “Economics”, Economics clarifies the regulation of the human of regulation the clarifies Economics them of both by affected are institutions social The IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER n sacs influence stances and ideas school the hand, other the the On schools. on dynamic the of theories are influential innovations the discoveries and and scientific institutions interact and economic school economic h eoois the economics, The 2018

19 IRAN MIRROR them scientific. call and behaviors such theorize will science the surely, change, under behaviors culture, and school If a of influence interpretation. the similar and function same the have will economics similar, are societies and people of behaviors economic the until So, behavior. that theorize will especially economics culture, or school a change of influence the under humans of behaviors economic the If too. change will economics of direction and path the develop the economic growth the of country and increase to made is endeavor compared such when be and thing other cannot any to income halal gain to endeavor issue should be considered seriously. The value making of Quranholy the traditionsand this on of advices frequent should be put on making endeavor and doing works. The holding religiouseconomy classes, etc. propagation, visual and written to the using experts speeches, run economic the inviting as such opportunities regard this in can play a main role mosques activities, theoretical the growth. economic and the development to lead will it also, but the in decrease will of economy the vulnerability only not fulfilled, are producers, and families have their own they duties and if government, the including factors economic all strategy, recommended in the difficult economic situations and in this 20 In the field of the theoretical activities, much emphasis much thetheoreticalactivities, In thefieldof Regarding solutions of collection a is Economy Resistance The IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER by utilizing the various publicity various the byutilizing byaffected conditions sanctions l eooi fcos nldn the families and including producers, factors government, economic all strategy, this in and situations economic difficult the in recommended solutions of “ have theirown duties. h Rssac Eooy s collection a is Economy Resistance The 2018 RESISTANCE ECONOMY ” encouraged otherstoworkisvery usefulinthisregard. haveand worked who (AS) Imams infallible the will of life the of it theexamples economy, Presenting value. greater country’s and intensified the foreigners’ the in remove interference and production domestic the cret n peie aaeet f ore and sources of management precise and correct a preventing the wasting of power and energy via adopting domestic production andconsumption. the encourage and carefully very act should mosque the in position significant their to due mosques of custodians the and prayersimam congregational andbehaviors The audiences. of thoughts the on influence direct a have people these of action and behavior of The regard. this in board trustee the mosques, and the mosque trustees should be a role model imam, prayer congregational people’s the on influence positive a have can and results good the yield will prayersimam congregational by the supervised and people trusted and mosques pivotof the and productionbecome amodelfor thesociety. of phase the reaching and workshops skill the establishing as such activities economic proper resistance economy and they can be pioneer in doing the the on based actions the start should mosques that say n h scin f h patcl ciiis w should we activities, practical the of section the In sn te o-oe ad o-ot rdcs and products low-cost and low-power the Using on activities these forming that is important is What utdas f oqe. The mosques. of and custodians figures economic the of the behavior to related is the in field of the Resistance Economy mosques of activities people. some of employment the for ground the preparing as well as mosques towards attitude One of the most important important most the of One the global economy and were regarded just as consumers will and products yield thepositive results. domestic imports the use of to amount people encouraging the decreasing and growth economic the for planning term long a doing powerand managed basedontheResistance Economy. and adjusted be should all regard, this management in role a play mosques or mosques at done are that activities of mosques economy.to the economic facilities the From and healthy dynamic the symbol of the be should people. of behavior forthe model a be and Economypractically Resistance the apply can all production domestic the of use making on emphasis putting and them updating and mosques of tools required the of function the supervising For example, the countries that didn’t have any share in domestic the on relying that indicates evidence The mosques Therefore, ey od oe fr h woe world Islam. especially theworldof whole the for a model as good very it put and leading and dynamic economy country’s the make can them to Resistance Economy and paying attention “ RESISTANCE ECONOMY h plas n rqieet o the of requirements and pillars the the whole world especially the world of Islam. the wholeworldespeciallyof dynamic and leading and put it as a very good model for paying attention to them can make the country’s economy and Economy Resistance the of requirements and pillars the so, strategies, executive special own their requires which technology and knowledge production, national imports, and exports oil, section, private consumption, of the to borders their closing and costs national optimal use of the the manpower making and managing and the planning precise a doing by region the in economy dynamic with countries the as now proposed are decades past the in ” IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER hn nes new field the in framework a needs thing other any than more Revolution of Islamic the the leader supreme by regarded Economy Resistance the foreign goods. of imports excessive The strategy of the of strategy The 2018

21 IRAN MIRROR T cness vr rns acin” O te te hand, trade the other leading simultaneously and currently the is Trump On sanctions”. Iran’s over “consensus the is which Iran, against deterrent economic important government sanctionsagainst Iran. Trump’sthe to adhere not theywill that announced have players European some even and Turkey like countries risen despite sanctions haveand threats posed by Iran Washington. from Also, oil Chinese and Indian of imports Iran. opposing in Iran alone stands againstTrump’s Donald that sanctions indicates of resumption the on insistence on ourcountry. against sanctions sanctions these Washington’sof Tehran,impact the reduce will this and with comply to isn’t system going international the the that believe analysts 22 n te wrs Tup a ls oe f h most the of one lost has Trump words, other In Recentlyhavethat explicitlynews sources announced unilateral States’ United the hand, other the On

e ntd tts uiaea ad secondary Western many Meanwhile, and media. international in unilateral reflected widely been have Iran States’ against sanctions United he IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER Sanctions onIran Imposing From Benefit Won’t U.S. 2018 SANCTIONS European firms the hardest. That leaves room for China for room leaves That hardest. the firms European companies and countries that do business with Iran will hit conditions. this from most benefits thus and oil Iranian top of consumer the is China while is This the from withdrawal U.S. the after Iran on re-imposed were deal, the nuclear of 2015 terms the under abolished was which sanctions, to failure States’ United sanction Iran. the about subjects tangible some Axios,forinstance,to The Trump points in. stuck been had which whirl the of picture clearer a draw could without and time preconditions. any at Iran with talks direct holding on insistence Trump’s for reasons situation. main the of the one is over This control his lost basically has States the European Union. even and Canada, and China as such countries warwith n h ohr ad Wsigo’ sntos on sanctions Washington’s hand, other the On U.S. the of part first magazine,the this to According A brief review on international analysts’ argumentations United the of circumstances,President the such Under uhn te it rcsin” ad ms ohti, a Hochstein, Amos said recession,” into them allies, pushing your with have you complications more the prices, and oil higher with home at have you complications dire avoid consequences.” to countries certain for waivers provide by to zero” to have will “go administration the reality, to in But 4. customers November oil Iran’s wants it that among hardline supporters, and spark evena global ratings, recession. approval his dent finally could result that campaign succeeds, the volatile and rising gasoline prices to blow massiveU.S.Trump’s allies.and consumers pressure” If “maximum a risk might exports oil Iran’s reduce dilemmaforposes astark U.S. foreign policy. and markets oil global into uncertainty of newdegree a throws deal nuclear Iran the from withdraw unilaterally players.consultation withotherinternational effective and management crisis through economy its on Iran can prevent the widespread impact of these sanctions Trump hasmadeaterriblemistake inthisregard! that seems However,it pressure. constant under Iran Republic of Islamic the put to was Iran with confrontation to strike dealswithIran. U.S.sanctions,evade to well-positioned both Russia, and The fact is that one Trump’sof main goals economic of “The more successful you are at [hurting Iran], the more declared has administration Trump “The continues; It drastically to efforts administration’s Trump The to decision Trump’s “President writes; Axios The RepublicIslamic of the forgotten that be not should It SANCTIONS suggesting to meet with Iranian leaders, Trump thinks he thinks Trump leaders, Iranian with meet to suggesting by that emphasized Axios successful. be to going aren’t crises inWashington. system a lot in the region, and will accordingly double the and Iran would Trump cost between the opposition United Those States an and the such Iran. international that argue of analysts Republic Islamic the with confrontation Trump their andtheWhiteHouseonconsequencesof forward tonegotiatewithIran. stepped has himself States United the of President the that reason a without not It’sIran. Republicof Islamic the in game practice, this which has led to his of confusion in standing against management and guidance of the lost power has he hand, other the On Iran. against game pre-determined his continue to planning now is Trump equation. this in parts missing of lots panel discussion. sanctions on Iran in 2012, at an Atlantic Center oil imposing in rolekey a played who Affairs Energy International for envoy special former on. point that our country’s officials have repeatedly stressed interest in holding negotiations with the United States. The no have Iranians since demands, U.S. accept would Iran likelythat it’snot while is This deal. better a achieve can enhl, rm’ efrs o eoit wt Iran with negotiate to efforts Trump’s Meanwhile, warned analysts international many is truth The are there mentioned, already have we As IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

23 IRAN MIRROR T eerh eeomn coeain n ohr similar other and and cooperation scientific development artistic, research cultural, of ways more seeking them, Kenyastrengthening and and Iran nations, two the MM: IM: since hejoinedtheEmbassy two years ago. speaks about the Cultural Council programs and progress promoting theIranian cultureinthecountry. to energy and winsome strength him giving His been has personality Counsellor. Cultural the as Ghana Accra at been has he Kenya in here coming Before culture. to professional career in Iran and around the world is linked Embassy is at the helm of the section for 2 years now. His ourcultural heritage.in linewiththeprinciplesof and Iran and Kenya in understanding peoples among co-operation mutual cultural of promotion the for work 24 n n neve wt te rn irr aaie he Magazine, Mirror Iran the with interview an In Mr. Mahmoud Majlesain, the the Cultural Counselor of What are the Main Activities of Cultural Council? aretheMainActivitiesof What okn twr clua cmoaiis between commonalities cultural toward Looking rna at ad utr t te eyn ulc and Public Kenyan the to culture and arts Iranian introducing for bridge a as Islamic serves Iran the of Republic of Embassy the of Council Cultural he IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER Mahmoud Majlesain, Cultural Counsellor of the Embassy of theIslamicRepublic Iran, Nairobi theEmbassyof of Mahmoud Majlesain,Cultural Counsellorof trajectory –MahmoudMajlesain trajectory Iran-Kenya tiesontheright cultural 2018 INTERVIEW a sae u. ah er te rn utrl Council Cultural the sharing Iran events, cultural in the host/participate to year,strives Each up. shaped has Kenya and country our exchangebetween but Cultural 100% the achieved have I say cant ,I times recent in of bilateral agenda withKenya. issues The our of priorities top the decades. of one is – cooperation Cultural for relations good fostering MM: IM: can boost the cultural exchange between the twothat nations. activity relevant other any out carrying and , Iran artifacts, foropportunities KenyanScholarship Students posters,to Study in books, teaching on of Persian language to Kenyan Interfaith Exhibitions Students, offering facilitating Dialogues, seminars, Scientific and holding cultural characters, cultural and Fraternity Universities with meeting weeks, cultural Iran’s sponsoring festivals, thisoffice. activities areamongthedutiesof Iranian-Kenyaflourished haveexchanges that cultural film different in part taking by out carried is This What are your greatest Achievements soFar? Achievements areyour greatest What The Islamic Republic of Iran and Kenya have been Kenyahave and Iran of Republic Islamic The between ourtwo countriesIgive 85%. myself ties artistic the and cultural the cement to efforts my on also inseveral Universities inKenya. is very successful. a farsiclassesinourofficewhich of the Farsi language for Kenyan Students by establishing University College. Kenyatta at University and interfaith dialogue forum held at Tangaza Radicalism was and Terrorism one on Notable Seminar Kenya.the in Universities several with and St.Paul University inLimuru. Nairobi Universityof the with collaboration close havea Language Persian of course for interestedKenyan Students. teaching the facilitate to stage advancedan Mombasa, Kenyattaat is negotiation universitywhere in university Pwani like Universities Kenyan culture. a perfect hub for Kenyans to find out more about Iranian books and Audi visual Materials on Iranian culture and it’s Pwani University in Mombasa. The room is equipped with at spearheaded Corner’ ‘Iran , center we resource a 2017, of establishment the In it. at while culture Iranian the 21stNairobi Book Fair atSaritcentre, International Nairobi. Mr. Kenya’s majlesainshaking handswiththeFormer Oppostion,Hon.Raila PrimerMinisterandLeader of Odinga during MM: Any Comparison? IM: If I will give myself a percentage on my Achievement Achievement my on percentage a myself give will I If We conduct iranology session not only in our office but Apart from this we have also encouraged the learning jointly seminars successful organized also have We Also steady progress is being made to ensure that we with MoUs several signed haveWe that, from Aside

Tell us about the Education System of Iran andKenya? Iran Tell Systemof theEducation usabout Iran has a large network of Public, Private , and , Private Public, of network large a has Iran Former Prime Minister,Former Hon.Raila I.R.Iran-Nairobi Odinga beingintroduced theEmbassyof totheCultural Counsellorof INTERVIEW indicators of scientific impact and collaboration.Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Isfahan and University Tehran University impact of Medical Sciences, Sharif University of scientific Technology, Tehran, of University of UniversityAmirkabir of indicators in 2017. universities world-class among ranked were universities Iranian vastly.18 improved has Iran of Republic Islamic year.absorb over 5millionstudentseach which Iran RepublicIslamic of the every yearto contrary at thetoppublicuniversities. seats of number the as year every up heats competition considerably over the past two decades still the cut-throat medical (for schools). Education Medical and Health of Ministry and universities) non-medical (for Technology and Research Science, of Ministry Iran’s of supervision direct the under of are Iran universities State-run education. higher in degrees offering universities affiliated State Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were ranked among and Gilan, of University Sciences, Medical of University Isfahan Isfahan, of University Technology, of University Toosi K.N. University, Beheshti Shahid Branch, Research Sciences,Medical UniversityAzad Islamic and of Science Mashhad, University Tabriz,of Shahid Beheshti University of University Ferdowsi Technology, of University Shiraz Technology,of Iran University Science of and Technology, n h Te edn akn wih fes advanced offers which Ranking Leiden The the In the in education higher of quality the times, recent In universities join students million 1 than less Kenya In Despite the fact that universities have grown in number IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

25 IRAN MIRROR as thenetworkcontinuestoexpand threat cross-border and internal an become increasingly has and region the in groupterrorist largest the is which terror groups.to defeatsuch sophisticated counterterrorism apparatus and mechanisms developed has Iran but decades for Iran targeted have MM: “Terrorism andViolentExtremism? tocounter canKenyaIM: What onitseffort Iran Learnfrom in Tehran studying theirchoice. theircoursesof than20 more far students are So in the waiting list requirements. while 4 students certain are already fulfill who for theBachelor, MastersandPhdlevel. scholarships to academically eligible students from Kenya of variety a awards Iran in Universities with conjunction MM: od rges n t efrs o one eteim and extremism counter to efforts its in progress good 26 Just like in Iran the Government of Kenya is making is Kenya of Government the Iran in like Just al-Shabaab, of threat the on focused has Kenyaalso Students Kenyan to awarded are scholarships These ut ie ey troit rus ie h Daesh the like groups terrorist Kenya like Just in Iran of Embassy the of Council Cultural The Mahmoud Majlesain addressing an interfaith congregation at All Saints Cathedral, Nairobi during the International Nairobi duringtheInternational AllSaintsCathedral, aninterfaith at Mahmoud Majlesainaddressing congregation IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER IM: Any Scholarship opportunities inIran? opportunities IM: AnyScholarship scienceandengineering students. and 70%of students university of half over for accounted havewomen 2006, of As women. are students engineering and science of 70% around Iran, world-class universities in2017. lo ntbe on t mnin s ht in that is mention to point notable a Also Peace andviolentradicalism day oncampaignagainstradicalisation 2018 INTERVIEW MM: IM: AnylastWord? a smoothridewithnoobstaclesaheadsofar. the of support the all have government. we and positive very is interaction this and front Cultural the in especially Iran ours, Kenya of partner has successfully collaborated with relations with other nations. For this best the reason, establishing as of a principle very the good on based is policy MM: duty IM: AnyChallenges inyourlineof we alsohave women envoys andtopdiplomats. and women are parliamentarians Iran of 17% woman, a is Iran of president vice The level. high at appointed different courses at universities in Iran. Women in Iran are revered andtheirrightsprotected. MM: they get intheWestern Media. Iran of not the propaganda and misinformed information Kenyans understand the true picture many see of to the want Islamic I Iran, Republic of Culture the with acquainted well are who Kenyansmany as see to want I Kenya, in IM: What isIran’sIM: What standonWomen? long run. the in succeed definitely will it and menace the with deal We have the light for the road so we definitely enjoy definitely we so roadWe the for light the have studying them of manyempowered; Women are The There is no any notable challenge. Iran’s strategic Iran’s challenge. notable any no is There The world should understand that women in Iran are My biggest desire is when I finally finish my tenure my finish finally I when is desire biggest My “ of of the Islamic Republic of Iran to other countries,” Farshchi, as employees. They work.Andalsoat high level. different courses in Iran. They are very in much the society coastal zone management explained. in doctorate post holding the Farshchi, at university,” studying even or events social their in for participations or appearance social their for barriers from far are they and much very studying not were women theIslamicRevolution.country sincethe1979victoryof English. in conducted interview exclusive an in Times told Tehran the she women,” are Iran in majority students university and our of decision-makers the are They good planners. are they freedom; good enjoy Iran in “Women Iran toFinland,said. “I am sure that I’m not to be the last woman ambassador at universities at studying women many are “There that days those from away far come have “They Farshchi is the second female ambassador to a foreign View on the Status of WomenView ontheStatusof inIran Parvin Farshchi, the recently appointed ambassador of otherMuslimcountries,” differentvery from womenof The worldshouldunderstand womeninIranare that H.E Parvin Farshchi, Ambassador of IslamicRepublicIran toFinland Ambassadorof H.E Parvin Farshchi, WOMEN INIRAN in the society,” said the current deputy environment chief chief environment deputy society,”current the the in said through their life so many good beliefs, in the family and ideas thatthey canpresent. creative of lots got have they and managers good are Theysociety. of levels all at groups all with relationship they have acceptedastheir commitment. what to committed very are they and hardworking very are they ambitious; very are they that is woman Iranian in found I “what explaining Farshchi, said are of,” capable women Iranian potentially what people with other way familiarized make and the living are world, Iran in whole women that the and Europe demonstrate levels,”regional orinternational shesaidwithmodesty. than national, in me, either positions high secure definitely can capable more much are who women, more many of role the women in the promotingsociety, the which government has of adopted, approach this with sure am I 58, added. Big rna Msi lde, hy ae ere all learned have they ladies, Muslim Iranian “Being “They are well-educated. They have got a good social to I want place, first at woman, Iranian an “As and country the in women capable many are “There IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

27 IRAN MIRROR house and family and the frame of the family is a woman. the of managers the are womenIran in house,but the of thehouses,”are themanagers shehighlighted. of they because manage to how learning really are They mother. a being or sister a being daughter, a being of the framework family. of in woman, Muslim Iranian an as learned havethey what because of what they have learned as an Iranian woman; whatever responsibilitythey take. at the same time, I think they can be very good leaders in Iranian women. of face true the understand people make to is society international the and Iran of society the to show hte te ae oswvs r hy r wrig at working are offices,” explained theofficial. they or housewives are they whether good be planners. to and decisions making relations, social the the of family gives womenfreedom of in so making much 28 “I am very happy with this approach of the government “Women Iranof are good planners in different levels; core the being and family a of core the “Ais woman “In many cultures, I have seen that men are the managers “They are very powerful and from daysthose starting “They can definitely prove to be a very good managers “They are very capable and they are very hardworking; IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER definitely, as a messenger of Iranian woman of Iranian amessenger as definitely, other humanbeings,” shesaid. and women other for leaders good leader, a for marineaffairs. Farshchi, went on to say that “What wesay“What can wentto that on Farshchi, as lead to ability the have women “Iranian 2018 WOMEN INIRAN specifically when it comes to marine environment, there environment, marine to comes it when specifically mutual regarding question thetwo countries.activities of Times Tehran to replied water, Farshchi bodyof hugeveryBaltic, i.e. of member two countries on environment as well, because Finland is a she noted. Definitely there exists technology. so of much mutual benefits for both of countries,” transfer and technology and IT in ability high very a got have they because Finland different sphereslike economy. on but politics and culture only not spheres, different in cooperation betweenmany on Iranand Finland of areas women of are active in percent the society, put emphasis Farshchi 80% about which in country a to ambassador emphasized. Farshchi that they are promoting the role of women in the society,” n I a big hne, oiie cags bsd on based responsibilities thathasbeengiven tome. changes, positives changes, bring can I and successful be can I that hope I women. Iranian represent represent my country at first place and at second place to between bothcountries. technology, economy andculture.” both between thinking of working on marine environment issues, transfer interests common of be weelaboratingcountries,definitely that said, can she much so be will I eiv ta o te ra f h environment, the of area the on that believe “I There would be definitelymutual cooperation between with relationships of “Wemuch have so definitely can an as appointed being about happiness Expressing I el ey ru t b gvn hs potnt to opportunity this given be to proud very feel interests “I mutual of lots are there that sure am “I the UnitedNations. from countries littoral Caspian the between cooperation to be appointed as a project manager for environmental opportunity the has She then. since chief department the 1998, Farshchi has been appointed as a senior advisor to concluded. Farshchi kind,” human the prosperityto bring to order togetherin world has come to the point that they have to be working whole the that sure am I that besides but issue significant will level international definitely bring and prosperity to regional the country,” at she enlightened. and countries there arelotstodo. and learn, to lots are there that understand you levels h ws pone a a rjc mngr from manager project a as appointed was She since Environment of Department the with Working most first the are interests national course, “Off the between relationships the improving “Basically, international and regional at work you when think “I WOMEN INIRAN 0921. n se a codntn cooperation coordinating was between thefive countries. she And 2009-2012. clarified. on regional and international dimensions the of work, she countries has given Farshchi an opportunity to be working thePersianof Gulf, OmanandCaspianSea. Seaof issues countries littoral environmental are which neighbors eleven all between on relationships all coordinating was she now till 1998 from years these All environment. marine the to minister deputy the as appointed was she Kazakhstan, Russia, andTurkmenistan. Iran, the Azerbaijan, of by coastlines shared are The Caspian world. the of total the waters of lacustrine 44% to 40 for accounts and world the in en codntr o atvte bten eleven between activities of coordinators Being country, the to returned she when 2012, on Later water of body inland largest the is Sea Caspian The IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

29 IRAN MIRROR O itnBlcetn Qm n Abr wt 2,0 to 20,000 with 50,000 are the areas with the third highest population Alborz of and Qom Kerman, Fars, Sistan-Baluchestan, of students provinces and 100,000 place second to in come 50,000 with Razavi, Khorasan and Isfahan of Provinces Tehran. are in schools students at studying 100,000 than more as students national student,” girl are Karimi explained. rest the and students the of percent 52 constitute Boys middle schools. high at percent 9 and at schools percent 19 schools, elementary at studying the Tehran TimesandMehrnews agency. with interview an in told Karimi Gholamreza nationals, Afghan are 420,000 which of Iran in studyingschools at Educationsaid. the Ministryof of department affairs international for deputy students, countries with the highest refugee population and refugee 30 “Tehran province ranks first in the number of foreign of number the in first ranks “Tehranprovince are students national foreign of percent 72 “Some students national foreign 450,000 some are There IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER ver the past 4 decades Iran has been faced with n h rgo ad urnl Ia i aog the among is Iran currently and region the in crowds refugeesof due to the wars and conflicts students Iran among top host countries of refugee 2018 Refugees away running from theircountrytoIran for safety STUDENT REFUGEES charges and we always emphasize on the fact that no that fact the on emphasize always we and charges statement from InteriorMinistrycanattendschools. a and Health of Ministry from permit health a have who bystudents nowstudents and all increased 110,000 of number the this that, stating said Karimi status,” their of made us to enroll all foreign national students regardless now.to attendschools illegally, Iran in allowed living are are and identification May 2015, all foreign nationals, even those who have no in of Khamenei AyatollahAli SeyyedRevolution Islamic Leader the the by issued Iran, decree in a schools following however, at enroll could 300,000 to amounted he added. religious and cultural refugees, Afghan and Iraqi with the have we commonalities of because mostly citizens Iranian with live to cities the in welcomed are refugees awaycity,camps Iran the fromspecial in in keptbut are foreign nationalstudents.” “These students are not required to pay any tuition fee “The decree which was issued for humanitarian reasons who students documented 2015 year the to Up refugees countries other in that note to important is It every year inIran andmake smallincashcontributions. schools 15 to they10 best build at that, adding said, he aconsiderable expenditure. such percent of 2 covers barely support financial entities international (nearly but education students’ national foreign rails on million) $240 trillion 10 some spend government Iran’s annually that saying students national foreign on spent are we challenges avoid facing currently”. to that “so schools, their at studies, especially those who cross-culturalhave more Afghan national students on courses complete to have will Iranian with along schools students. at studying are students Afghan most general in but that adding schools, explained, Iranianhe other at taught subjects curriculum the implement to required are they however, students, the Afghan national students and Afghan also teachers teach students shouldbeforced school. todrop outof There are some schools which are solely allocated to allocated solely are which schools some are There Last year international funds amounted to $6 million, $6 to amounted funds international year Last Elsewhere in his remarks Karimi mentioned the expenses directors school year this that noted also Karimi STUDENT REFUGEES countries by the means culture,of education and sciences, offices in Tehran andSharjah. regional two has ISESCO that and 1992 I organization as well asamongMemberStates. Conference in the fields education, of science and culture, Islamic the of Organization the of agencies specialized for UNESCOandisfounded in1979. counterpart Islamic an is ISESCO that explained council executiveISESCO of member a and commission national Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO) Organization with.” students arestruggling issues such financial the Norwayaddress and to in Denmark institutes refugees to relating entities negotiations with started have “We stationeries. buy to afford cannot students national foreign The organization aims to promote unification of Islamic the to member a became Iran that explained Karimi the among coordinate ISESCO Morocco, in Based Islamic for general secretary also who Karimi Cultural and Scientific Educational, Islamic the of some that lamented further Karimi IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

31 IRAN MIRROR 2025. in Culture Islamic of forCapitals nominee a becoming on IslamicCulture. Mashhad in2017becameCapitalsof Islamic Culture, he noted adding that, Isfahan in 2006 and he added. of the international collaboration, heconcluded. theinternational of in cooperation international educational fields. impede not should state Sunday, headded. and Saturday on it learn can who countries other in students foreign for course optional an is Language language worldwide. Persian strengthen to hard the trying is Ministry Culture,Education of the Ministry to affiliated literature abroad Persian and language the on focusing foundationexpanding Iranian an with Foundation, association Saadi in that highlighted Karimi worldwide Teaching Persian worldwide 32 Pay more attention to international collaboration Pay tointernational attention more h Uie Ntos a pasd rn o generously for Iran praised has Nations United The It is necessary to pay more attention to the significance He finally pointed out that the country’s current financial Persian Currently schools other at Persian teaching about Inquired planning is Qom currently that say to on went Karimi of Capitals choses ISESCO year every Moreover, IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018 tik rn s ely go news good a really is Iran think I bad stories about hosting refugees, “In a world where you have multiple a story that’s not told often enough.” story,” said the official, adding, “It’s STUDENT REFUGEES refugees and seekers asylum violence-stricken of millions hosting Dhanapala said. ground-breaking a refugees,”for is globally but Iran for just not development which scheme government-sponsored insurance a health into refugees incorporating largest refugee population. fourth world’s the has estimates, UN to according which, country,the in children refugee accommodate to country all allow to administrators education on called which RevolutionIslamic the Ayatollahof Seyyed Khamenei, Ali office in Tehran, onThursday. Refugees for Commissioner High Nations United the of head Dhanapala, Sivanka said open,” borders keeping neighboring from those seekers Afghanistan. particularly asylum refugees, violence-stricken and of millions hosting h Uie Ntos a pasd rn o generously for Iran praised has Nations United The “In a world where you have multiple bad stories about on government the with worked also “We’ve The UN official further hailed a 2015 decree by Leader and refugees hosting in exemplary been “has Iran cos the across classrooms new 15,000 build to officials Iranian prompted schools. Iranian to attend -- not or documented -- children Afghan h directive The no identification documents is another noteworthy policy, noteworthy another is documents identification no a leading countryregarding refugee affairs”. into Iran “turned has refugees for services insurance and healthcare Iran’srefugees, for education on decree regarding refugees,” said. Oberlin job its doing is Iran well how see to happy are we and publishedonMonday.an interview in agency news ILNA Worldtold Program,FoodNations Oberlin, regional deputy the Nicolas “extraordinary”, was education refugees grant to Revolution, Islamic the of Leader Khamenei, Ayatollah first timeinIranian publicschools. the forenroll to yearallowed werelast children Afghan undocumented 48,000 some while Iran in school in now the estimates. million two to according decades, four another almost for ones unregistered and migrants Afghan registered enough.” often told that’s not story adding, “It’s a official, the said hosting refugees, I think Iran is really a good news story,” Khamenei’s order to grant refugees refugees to grant education was education Iran’s policy to collect documents over groups who had theLeader’s besides that added official UN The Iran in growing is refugees supporting of policy “The by order An are children refugee Afghan 350,000 than More million a about to refuge giving been has Iran UN: Ayatollah extraordinary extraordinary Refugee studentsinaclasssession ietr f h United the of director tre Ia it a edn country regarding refugee affairs” leading a into Iran “turned has refugees for services insurance and healthcare Iran’s education refugees, on for decree Leader’s the besides that added official UN “The STUDENT REFUGEES 5,4 Aga rfge ad 828 rq refugees Iraqi 28,268 and refugees Afghan 951,142 world. Estimates from the Government of Iran indicate that the in situations refugeeprotracted most and largest the almost four decades. the said Islamic Republic has been hosting refugees for Tehran, in representative UNHCR more effectively.” and more goals its reach Iran help to started has process policy.Wepositivetry very a is and recently “This out. pointed he their children toschool. their children even encourages costly send to families which challenged economically vulnerableand paying fees, from tuition exempt refugee-specific now are school-age of refugees all addition, year.In school 2015-2016 the in in enrolled being children resulting Iraqi and Afghan 350,000 over education, school secondary and primary age,school regardless documentation of status, to attend of children Afghan allowingall Education of Ministry the Dhanapala said. Iran,” in living also Afghans undocumented million 1.5-2 “The Islamic Republic of Iran generously hosts one of one hosts generously Iran of Republic Islamic “The then the SivankaDhanapala, 2016, late In In May 2015, AyatollahMay2015, In to decree a issued Khamenei IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER ht hr are there that estimates also The government Iranian visas. and passports Afghan hold who 620,000 Afghans addition to in Iran, in reside approximately 2018

33 IRAN MIRROR T uine s o ogr epnie o akt hne in changes market to responsive longer no is audience Iranian limit cinema toproducing filmsonly for global festivals. to desires longer no organization the but recognition global achieved Revolution Islamic 1979 the the of victory first after decade the over events at international movies overseas collaboration onfilmproduction. 34 A cinema that only produces art films for a limited for films art produces only that cinema A The

okn o seil ln t etn te country’s the extend is to made, plans are special on cinema working Iranian for policies major the where (COI), Iran of Organization Cinema he IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER plans overseas Iran seeks extension to film co-production An Iranian FilmMaker, Rakhshan BaniEtemadlookingintoacamera duringashootingsession Iranian cinema.” in forbidden are clothing skimpy with actors and nudity, romance, using laws, of depiction and language strong Islamic on “Based ueos wrs o b Iranian by won awards numerous o Ia’ ps-eouin cinema, post-revolution Iran’s for 2018 FILM cinema, henoted. dynamic lifefor thecountry’s cinema. overseas film companies are the only way to guarantee a necessary the provide cannot livenwe if production… the can up that economy dynamic a requires dimension Mohammad-Mehdi director COI Heidarian toldtheTehran Timesinarecentinterview. world, modern the vr h ps fw er, nme o Iranian of number a years, few past the Over Co-productionsIranhelp generate forincome local its industrial its and issue art-industry an is “Cinema noted that joint ventures with to continue its dynamic life and market film global the into move to needs cinema in archives,” headded. kept be art to at then and houses screening for films all our resources just to produce spend to have will we films new produce to funds e ad ht Iran’s that said He “1st Born” lays out its comic plot on the difficult relations difficult the on plot comic its out lays Born” “1st film foreign-language best category, narrates amelodrama setinthecountry. the in Awards Academy Cinema wasArmenia, shotinArmenia. the and Iran’s Foundation Farabi between co-production and Namah Pictures. Studios, Zee with the Indian companies, in collaboration 2017 in movie underclass. in set is story whose with foreign partners. along made have filmmakers Iranian films of examples Anahid Abad and “1st Born” by Ali Atshani are the latest for arena. collaboration intheinternational several with need the productions acknowledged they after companies overseas joint begun have cineastes between Iran andtheU.S. The story of the comedy is also entirely set in the U.S.the in set entirely also comedyis the of story The America, and Iran between co-production first the As 90th the to submission Armenia’s was which film, The a “Yeva”, the made He movie India-set first Majidi’s is Clouds” the “Beyond by “Yeva” Majidi, Majid by Clouds” the “Beyond An Iranian FilmMaker, thefilm“Malaria” Parviz Shahbaziduring atheshootingof National Cinema Center of us appear similartoothers make to desire a exists there if or if our identity is not acknowledged a joint production would be in vain “ impoverished Mumbai’s However, all our efforts to work on FILM edra sy ta te sol nt e osdrd as However, considered be not cinema. should they Iranian that says in Heidarian forbidden skimpy are with clothing actors and nudity, romance, of depiction other countriescouldeasetheway for ajointventure. he added that close affinities between Iran and However,cinema. on cooperation for proposal countries. other several and Japan Malaysia, China, in with anall-Americancast. if our identity is not acknowledged or if there exists a exists there if or acknowledged not is identity our if our efforts to work on a joint production would be in vain “However,added, all and stated he cineastes,” our with collaborate to eager companies of way the hindering “absolute hindrances” toplansfor co-productions. He added that Iran is also eager to collaborate with collaborate to eager also is Iran that added He any welcomes Iran that said Heidarian ran also pursues film projects with companies W sol ty o id slto fr theobstacles for a solution find to try should “We ” IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER agae and strong language using laws, noted. he countries,” with such the cooperation for ground shape common can subjects human “The cinema. professional a having countries ae o Islamic on Based 2018

35 IRAN MIRROR and cultural henoted. andcivilizationalcharacteristics,” identity national our maintain to best our do we as films desire tomake usappearsimilartoothers.” for their production. But, it would seem more appropriate Rumi’sKonyavisited expertsin and Rumi mausoleum with Turkeyto trip meet Browna to Franzoniand made Rumi. on biopic a on work to 2016 June in agreed Hollywood from Brown Joel Stephen producer and Franzoni David with up region toputtheirideasintopractice. team prefer to they sometimes Therefore, collaboration. thwarted has issues general other and many personalities about consensus of from among thecountries. turned with cooperation biopics be into Magtymguly to and Iqbal Muhammad Farabi, Rumi, ad-Din Jalal Molana as such luminaries, culturalmany of stories life The projects. common that can be pursued as subjects for co-production 36 An extraneous issue may even pop up. Screenwriter up. pop even may issue extraneous An However, the lack in much share all countries neighboring the and Iran making in standards international apply should “We IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018 opne aa fo the from away companies civilizational characteristics” and cultural our and identity as national maintain to best films our do making we in standards international apply should “We potential the havePyragy, FILM companies worldwide. help to Iran’s new extensive order plans to cooperate with in international cinema Iranian about profusely write with governmentalorganizations. between two countries may imperil co-production projects are infinitely preferable, because achange in the relations the can and died Iran neighboring countries. between and co-productions born for subjects were be they where of distinction for aco-production thatIran andTurkey have lost. to resources their pool should afilm. produce such Turkey and Iran that He asked writers and film critics around the world to world the around critics film and writers asked He The Cinema Organization of Iran is seeking in advance without personalities of stories life the said He Heidarian views Rumi’s life story as a potential subject rvt companies private that said Heidarian secondary issue. the is countries the of companies of private governmental organizations the co-production. Choosing to work with the for conditions prepare necessary to However, N be fulfilled if the national library benefits froma benefits library national the if fulfilled be standards. national different of development and information~ of dissemination and organisation resources, information of of range a preservation and acquisition as such activities and duties of implementation and/or development national activities. of output nation’s and custodian the published of monitor and Of the are also they course, on collection building. and use information progress library monitoring library andeducationalneeds. across of thespectrum in and planning, national guiding library in component important an are nationwide They fulfil country. the and government to the of able behalf on functions library only the generally l sc rsosblte ad ciiis a best can activities and responsibilities such All establishment, the through out carried are roles These They are often the country’s centre for current statistical y ite f hi uiu psto i a country, a in position unique their of the virtue by in role leading are,They profession. library the of development a have libraries ational National Library of Iran of Library National Middle East. m “ irr srie, library services, library ilorpy n related and bibliography The library by is itself over 90,000 2 , the largest library campus in the NATIONAL LIBRARY ” branch is located in north central Tehran. islocatedin north branch main central The manuscripts. valuable and rare many including libraries, older from collections different many inaugurated inTehran. was Library” “Nation’s the called library another 1899, In 1851. in College,established al-Funun Dar of Library the was Iran informally. in library national a function of prototype first The same the performed libraries that other existed in 1937, inauguration official library’s inother countries, to study promote Islamic research and and planning Iranology in library of and fields the in or Iran in produced or published information disseminate and organize acquire, to aiming institution, service and and inspirational value. symbolic a has building library national the nations and governments some Tolibrary. national the for buildings magnificent of construction support governments many why is That building. comprehensive and well-designed h peet ainl irr o Ia incorporates Iran of Library National present The The National library of Iran is an educational, research, IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER ehd fr all for Iranian libraries. methods and appropriate provide devise to consultation and science, information ro t the to Prior 2018

37 IRAN MIRROR concentrating acquisitionswithinthreeareasasfollows: major areas. three in information disseminate organise,and preserve, lis, stipulates that the National Library (NLI) shall acquire, by1990 in passed Maj Iran’sLegislation the parliament, Iran (NAI). of Archives National the of building the is other Iranthe and (NLI) of buildings: one is the new the National Library building of Science andEducation,HealthStudies. 38 • • of means by achieved be to are objectives These ofIran Library the National of Role the Defining Currently, the organisation functions in two independent IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER in allmajorlanguages; and world the aroundfrom studies Islamic and Iranian of field the in publications scholarly acquiring by theformatandlanguage(s);irrespective of bybypublished works collecting Iranians abroad, publications produced within the country, as well as by creating a comprehensive collection national of nldn Hmnte, oil cecs Law, Sciences, Social faculty, Humanities, different a including to dedicated hall each halls, separate 5 encompasses It East. Middle the in campus library largest the m2, 90,000 over is itself by library in The platform. single library a the of faculties different combine h nw ulig s pcal dsge to designed specially is building new The 2018 NATIONAL LIBRARY Inside the National Library of Iran Inside the NationalLibrary of Studies &Iranology Hall... the for Hall Blind; Special Hall for Children and Young Special Adults; Islamic Hall; Professional Hall; General shift (8amto10pm)&night(11pm7am). and bodies: organizations international following the in member a is The National Library of Iran has several halls including The Library is open around in twothe clock shifts: Day • • • • • • The National Library and Archives Organization of Iran information inthecommunity.information special and libraries for facilitating the flow the purpose of of public of activities coordination and services of of methods appropriate suggest and organisation; and and provide them with technical services, planning, guide, oversee, libraries, to consultation provide nationalculture’; ‘in allareasof and scholarship adopt measures to conduct and facilitate research the for libraryadvancement andinformationscience; of plans and projects research undertake a widerange functions:thelawrequiresNLIto of legislation the assigns building, a number of duties to NLI. These also cover collection from Apart and services. inquiries general public for publications overseas of collection reference general a developing by National Library and Archives of Iran, Hungary’s Jozsef Hungary’s Iran, of Archives and Library National recognized five other librariesrunners-up; as namely, the organizers while winner the as announced was Library leadership inenvironmental education. to create awareness libraries’of social responsibility and the communicates and sustainability; environmental to library’scommitment that submission Library Green Group best the reward to Interest objectives: two has Special event the (ENSULIB), Libraries and Sustainability Library Award 2018. Federation Libraryof Associations and Institutions) Green International (The IFLA at runners-up as named libraries Green Library Award. Out of 32 submissions sent to the event, China’s Foshan Environmental IFLA’s by 2016 in Established other four with along Iran of Library National The IFLA 2018 of winners Iranamong Libraryof National 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Islamic Scientific, Educational and Cultural and Educational Organization (ISESCO) Scientific, Islamic (EFNA) ECO National Directors Librariesof Federation of theWorldMemory of Program ICA of (SWARBICA) Branch Regional Asian West and South (ISSN) Number Agency Serial Standard International (ICA) CouncilonArchives International and Institutions(IFLA) Associations Library of Federation International NATIONAL LIBRARY women’s affairs. for department Ministry’s Interior the generalat director sciences, in particularly social fields. She was also the first Islamic guidance. Rezachief outgoing Salehi Amiri, the the current minister to of culture and farewell bade also which 10, Tehran April in on premises its at ceremony a at library the of head the as inducted was Rouhani, Hassan President by of Iranian Institute of Human Sciences, who was appointed Iran. of Iran (NLAI), better of knownArchives as National Library has been appointed as head the of National Library and but towards becomingagreenlibrary. success roadmap a as libraries highlights serve could This needs. the situation, also existing the study the clarifies so indicators are There building. single a on than more guidelines general on working is project the since interesting is It functions. and services developing a green library. evaluate Evaluating is when important planning and to checklist a library; every for useful new and something created have Tehran, Iran, of Archives Kenya’s USIU-AfricaLibrary. Library, University and National Croatia’s munalaSirna, BibliotecaCo Romania’sLibrary, City and County Attila srf oojri s get eerhr n Islamic in researcher great a is Boroujerdi Ashraf Ashraf Boroujerdi, faculty member and cultural deputy woman a years, 80 of history its in time first the For Woman Iran HeadstheNationalLibrary of and Library National the website, IFLA to According IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

39 IRAN MIRROR - A members. On a regular day, it serves more than 5,000 than more serves day,it regular a On members. meters square thousands thousands 65 than more to services 22 facility,its providing story, nine a is building main Library’s The languages. other and Italian Russian, German, French, English, in books 120,000 over maps, and lithography documents scientific photos, dissertations, academic books, and pictorial documents microfilms, historical copies, manuscripts, periodicals, books, Iranian studiesandOrientalstudies. studies, Islamic in collections numerous hosts it In addition, research. on focused predominantly is faculties and its with colleges various at along located libraries specialized satellite library This literature. and technology broad resources selection in of different science,fields of 40 h hlig o te irr icue vr n million one over include library the of holdings The IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER f h Uiest o Tha icue a ih and rich a includes Tehran of University the Center of Documentation and Iran, Library in Central library the academic largest the of one s Center of the University of Tehran theUniversity of Center of andDocumentation Library Central The Central Library and Documentation Center of the University of Tehran theUniversityThe Central of Library andDocumentationCenterof 2018 UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN UNIVERSITY CENTRAL LIBRARYCENTRAL soitos a wl a lcl n frin centers foreign and local as well as associations, culturaluniversities, ministries,byorganizations, donated collect, maintain and organize documents and publications to order in Library”,“Central the to added name its and SciencesandtheUniversitythe Faculty Mosque. of library building, theUniversity library was locatedwithin of September 1972. Before the inauguration of the main The 23rd waslibraryon inauguratedthe of building present manuscripts. of volumes 1329 included of It Tehran. University Seyed the by of collection professor a a Meshkat, of Mohammad donation the with 1950 in NAVID software. Braille in journals writing as well and as the computers equipped with speakers and books to using services impaired its visually offers also library The institutions. educational and research other from users and students n 94 te Dcmnain etr ws founded was Center” “Documentation the 1974, In laid was Library Central the of foundation The aucit, ouet ad l junl ae available are journals from old and photos documents and manuscripts, Microfilms Library. the at available ofIran Library classifications. the National as Congress’s well of as Library classifications States United the to according volumes thelibrary. arekept No. inStack 5of 45,000 than more includes which periodicals English of are kept No. the in Library.Stack 7 of The binding series volumes 31,330 over includes which periodicals Arabic and Persian of series binding The languages. other and over include also 1,500 Journals in English, French, German, Italian, holdings Russian library’s Persian The of titles newspapers. 934 around and titles Journal 2,500 of Persian collections periodicals largest nationwide. At and present, it important holds around most the of one is journals of the country. The collection major of Persianthe periodical all of copy a acquires Center Documentation and Library Central the 2000, since Also library. the at availablecurrently are copies over2,000 of publication and Associations institutions (IFLA). Library of the of Federation member International a become and has Library Center Central Documentation the 1967, Since institutions. and as well as the opportunity to convert them into electronic into them convert to opportunity the as well as Microform copies of old Persian periodicals are also are periodicals Persian old of copies Microform done is periodicals and books of cataloguing The a with 1989 since Iran in published books All UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN UNIVERSITY CENTRAL LIBRARYCENTRAL Part thereadingareainlibrary of Library areasfollow: organizing the collection of books in the Central files, themoncompactdiscs(CD). andburn documents in other languages. Three yearbooks of Iran of yearbooks Three languages. other in documents 40,000 about encompasses It in 20,000 documents about scientific and Arabic Persian, on. so almanacs, and calendars statistics, constitutions, organizational seminars, orders, publications, of papers reports, includes The collection of Scientific Documents and Credentials and Documents Scientific of collection The • • • • • • • • • • • • for used being resources the of Some Fahad, SaudiArabia. [Malek] King of Library National the Websiteof Website theBritishMuseum theLibrary of of Website Congress theAmericanLibrary of of Website Iran I.R.of theNationalLibrary of of National UnionCatalogue CongressSubjectHeading Library of CongressClassificationOutline(CD) Library of Iran of I.R. of Library National of Classification Extension National BibliographyIran (CD) of authors and celebrities of names the of list Documented Moshar) List Persianof printed books (Khanbaba Persian subjectheadings IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

41 IRAN MIRROR photos and handwriting of scholars and politicians. This politicians. and pictorial scholars historical of handwriting and books, photos microfilms, lithography books, rare documents, manuscripts, historical including this collection. in documents existing oldest the among year are A.H. the 1268 to in related are calendar a which and 1913 form lithography and 1912 1911, to back dating qimns ncsay aeil ad aiiis this the library’s manuscripts and printed books to and has restored damage facilities, of rate the and evaluated renovation has department and materials preservation necessary art equipments, the of state Using 1997, Since office. Bindery Special the and Workshop Renovation the Lab, Specialized the houses Library the in Persian aswell asotherlanguages. manuscripts of volumes 17,000 about includes collection 42 h Cnevto ad etrto Dprmn of Department Restoration and Conservation The manuscripts of set valuable a holds library The IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018 Main entrance of the University of Tehran, theUniversityMain entrance of of Iran a student perusing booksinthelibrary a studentperusing UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN UNIVERSITY CENTRAL LIBRARYCENTRAL them. lithography of booksinPersian, Arabic, Turkish andUrdu. volumes 9,000 the over holds at also available Library The are Library. periods Pahlavi and Qajar the from monuments and personalities distinguished nature, of photographs historic 22,000 Furthermore, collection. this of documents valuable the among are Jamalzadeh by contemporary figures including Seyed Mohammad Ali Safavi written letters and documents to of collection a and period related documents of series two Mahmoud, Sheikh Sultan of property endowed financial the of management and the to related A.H., deeds 866 dated document A documents. marriage papers, endowment letters, decrees, commands, includes pages, thousand 60 h cleto o hsoia dcmns rnig over running documents, historical of collection The Historical Documents THE CITY OF TEHRAN Milad Tower Night at IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

43 IRAN MIRROR to the North, and the central desert to the South, TehranSouth, the to desert central the and North, the to everything for everyone inthiscity. of bit little a is there all, in All structures. modern grand and bybuildings up historic made area urban sprawling from different areasaround theworld. adopted mindsets and cultures as well and and as art books, original music, lifestyles, various in of cultures Iranian traces traditional find can latest the You and trends. values modern to according lives their live others whereas generations, previous by them onto traditionalism andmodernity. both of of mixture interesting an cities into turned other has and from Iran population of migration major a in the world by its metropolitan population, has witnessed thecountry.32nd nationalcapitalof Iran,Tehran of history turbulent the and be long to came in northern districts. in northern parts, northern the weather is usually and considerably cooler southern the between elevation to Due winter. the in snow and rain with cold and summer, the during and dry hot autumn, with and windy, spring and the in mild showers, occasional as described be can Tehran in enjoys various climatic conditions. Generally, the weather 44 Located between the Alborz Mountain, standing tall standing Mountain, Alborz the between Located Regarding architecture and city expansion, Tehran is a passed habits and bytraditions abide families Many In the last two decades, the city, currently ranked 29th IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER T ags ct i Wsen sa Truhu the Throughout Asia. Western in city largest the as known is and metropolis intriguing into an turned has Tehran commuters, daily the counting million 14 exceeding million, 8.3 of eia Sine. ih population a With Sciences. Medical of University Tehran of home the is Iran, of city largest and capital the as ehran, 2018 Arial view of TehranArial view of city THE CITY OF TEHRAN THE CITY first is the Azadi (Liberty) Tower. Completed in1971 Completed Tower. (Liberty) Azadi the is first museums. and complexes recreation parks, other many and Bank, Jewels Persiaof is on which display in the Iranian Central Resort, Ski Tehran Museum Contemporaryof Art, the TochalImperial Crown Palace, Golestan Complex, Palace Niavaran Complex, Palaces Sa’dabad Iran, of Museum city,National the the in count welocated can sites tourist tourist attractions of the country. Among the most important Iran,of Tehran also possesses some the of most important towards newer horizons. are actively passing the b0oundaries of human knowledge organizations government and universities with affiliated laboratories, and centers research libraries, equipped University of Technology. Moreover, many large and fully University,Tabataba’iAllameh University, Amirkabir and Tehran, UniversitySharif Technologies,of Shahid Beheshti name Tehran University of Medical Sciences, University of are Iran of universities located in different parts of the city. prestigious Among them, we can most the of Many f h twr a iatc te srcue ih 2 floors, 12 with structure steel gigantic a tower, the of head The world. the in structure freestanding 17thtallest the and tower tallest sixth the is and 2007 in built was city, the around areas all Tower.from tower,visible This Milad the is ft), entire (1,427 meters 435 of the height a with city over looking Tehran, of second structure The important café. a and hall, ceremonial a museum, a library,a towerhouses This capital. the of symbol the as considered been long has city, the to entrance western Tower,the marking and Azadi Square Azadi of center the the in standing ft), (148 meters 45 of height a with hr ae w iprat adak i Tha. The Tehran. in landmarks important two are There capital educational and political the being wellas As Iran. of center scientific and educational Tehranthe is a gt o t yu dsrd etntos Traveling destinations. desired your to you get can which stations bus and taxi find city,can all youthe around Moreover, 24/7. active are which of parts system, (BRT) transit rapid bus a enjoys transportation city the city.addition, the In of part great a covers which system subwayfive-line a is there Firstly, system. transportation restaurant, aVIPrestaurant, andaskydome. a cafeteria, a deck, public art gallery, an open observation deck, a revolving observation closed a of consists traditional markets of Tehran. In addition, you can find can you addition, In Tehran. of markets traditional Tajrishthe and Bazaar Grandmajor The the are Bazaar from place toplace. moving trouble no have will you routes, relevant the find and destinations everydayyour determine you once but first, at challenging Tehranaroundbit a be can hpig potnte glr truhu te city. the throughout galore opportunities Shopping crowded, though effective, an possesses Tehran have an infinite list of choices. In most city districts, you districts, city most In choices. of list infinite an have city districts. find whatever you need or desire to in purchase different areas as such Vali-e Asr, Mirdamad, Shariati etc. You can various modern and chic shopping malls around the city in many memorieswithyoulife. inlaterstepsof take will and city this in time great a have will you that into thenight. late till noon from services provide businesses these of most while morning, the in early from non-stop open are countless number other of refreshments. Some restaurants Iranian traditional cuisines, international dishes, of fast foods, side dishes and myriada a offering modern, and find can restaurants,various cafés, and diners traditional f o ae osdrn dnn i te iy yu simply you city, the in dining considering are you If Living in Tehran is a unique adventure. We are certain IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER View of the City of Tehran theCityof View of City of TehranCity of atnight 2018

45 IRAN MIRROR 46 IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018 The Enamelling ENAMELLING ( Minakari ) The Enamelling ( Minakari ) ENAMELLING IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

47 IRAN MIRROR M ih h lgt le gen ylo o rd ns A the At ones. red or yellow green, blue, light the with background floral a on represented designs traditional refined the with copper) and silver (gold, surfaces metal that is used by the fusion of minerals to color and decorate objet d’art. an create to model the to on glass of types and models (fine silver usually) and then melting various colors metal making of process the is enameling words, simple In metal. pure a to best sticks and melts (glass) enamel introduced who AH) Mongol Persia toIslam. (694-703 Khan Ghazan Iran, in division Ilkhanid empire’s Mongol of ruler seventh the of reign beforethe clear not is period Islamic the in art this However,periods. Sassanid and Arsacides the of use the copper.metals particularly colored coat can which be stabilized by heat on different Esfahan. in art of courses distinguished the of one is coats baked and decorated inanintricatedesign. 48 The enamelling or enamelling The the because enameling all almost in silverused Fine is Some experts link the historicity of enameling in Iran to colorful with metals decorating and working Enamel IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER oorn ad raetn te ufc of surface the metals by fusing over it brilliant colours that are ornamenting painting, and of art colouring the is Enamelling or inakari Mina is defined as some sort of glasslike of sort some as defined is “Minakari” 2018 . A creative technique technique creative A . ENAMELLING of the seventh ruler of Mongol empire’s Ilkhanid division Ilkhanid empire’s Mongol of ruler seventh the of reign beforethe clear not is period Islamic the in art this However,periods. Sassanid and Arsacides the of use the a on animals floral background inlightblue, green, yellow andred. and birds of pattern a comprised which Isfahan, of work enamel an to reference a made rule, tourist, Jean Chardin, who toured Iran during the Safavid French countries. other and India to it spreaded Mongols and art this invented era Sasanied of craftsmen Iranian The heaven. of colour Azure the to refers Mina heaven. intricate design. an in by decorated are metals that colours brilliant of it over fusing surface the ornamenting and colouring mina glaze. Minakari or Enamelling is the with painting,of art tile and metal of decoration the as well as fire of Fars thisart. aretwo maincentersof of province the and Isfahan of city The shine. gives and anti-scratch it makes and surface the hardens treatment heat This . surface matial the and spaces the in powder mineral the processof liquefaction allowthe to C) ° 850 in the oven bringing back to the high tempering (750 and distributed on the previously engraved metal and placed beginning the enamel powder (minerals) is homogeneously Some experts link the historicity of enameling in Iran to Mina of art The is the feminine form of Minakari or Enamelling is called miniature called is Enamelling or Minoo in Persian, meaning ual vteu caig n ea, ls o ceramic. or glass from comes enamel word the sources, some to According metal, on coating vitreous durable by firing, usually between 750 and 850 degrees Celsius. the colorful result of fusing powdered glass to a substrate as defined is English) US in enamel porcelain or enamel objet d’art. an create to model the to on glass of types and models (fine silver usually) and then melting various colors metal making of process the is enameling words, simple In metal. pure a to best sticks and melts (glass) enamel and knowledge enameling.endeavors for of theart his use to preferred and period short introduced who AH) Mongol Persia toIslam. (694-703 Khan Ghazan Iran, in The powder melts, flows and hardens to asmooth, to hardens and flows melts, powder The (or vitreous enamel approach, scientific more a In the because enameling all almost in silverused Fine is a in chemistry of science the acquired Khan Ghazan ENAMELLING soap andeven ordinarydetergents. lukewarmwater,with washed be can works Enamel hub. enameling Iranian important most the is Isfahan shrines. candleholder in addition to doors and chandeliers of holy andsoon. press machine, brush pliers, furnace, as such endeavor artistic ancient this in used most tools special also are the There used. metals are dominant silver and copper enameling, of version Iranian the In artist. the of preferences and taste the on works in Iran are traditional designs depending ora cloisonnŽ. champlevŽ a as such coating, enamel with coated object, decorative small usually noun, a is a work enamel as an Used smelt) esmail. French (to Old the smelzan via word German High the od a be ue taiinly o minakari for traditionally used been has Gold vase,and jewelryembellish to used usually is Enamel enamel for used patterns or paintings The IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

49 IRAN MIRROR on different metals particularly particularly of is course this Although copper. metals different on heat by stabilized be can which coat colored glasslike of sort some as defined is Mina, the Isfahan. in art of of courses one distinguished is coats baked and colorful with enforced was around theworld. gold, than other minakars the to look for a compelled material which Control Act, Gold the after only introduced products were for used handicraft is which art Copper while pieces and spoons, bowls, boxes, like artefacts is for used introduction, years of stagnation caused byWorldcaused the the Warstagnation and I of years fromtime,colors that green and blue Afterwards,in fifty paintings beautiful with dishes golden vases,and heads, also remained some earrings. Bangles, boxes, water pipe have AD.There 1810–1890 years the dynastybetween enameled dishes related to the past belong to the Qajar been the of Most havematerials. and dishes enameled outstanding there dynasties Zand and Safavid Seljuk, indicate the during and documents of civilization Islamic the Some throughout that times. ancient the from left enamels being so delicate, we do not have many them of The dynasties. Sassanid the and Achaemenian the since have artists been interested in Iranian this art and used it in their that metal works indicting abroad and Iran of museums the in remained have few a which of enamel is categorizedintothreekindsasbelow: it world, the In ago. times long since painters, paid engravers metal and bygoldsmiths been attention has high it dishes, hygienic and metal producing for industrially use abundant 50 What of more availability in Isfahan is the painting the is Isfahan in availability more of What 3- Cavityenamel like enamel orchess 2- Charkhaneh 1- paintingenamel metals decorating and working Enamel IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER later a Silver, enamels. the of lustre colours the out its and longer jewellery as it holds the enamel better, lasts 2018 brings ENAMELLING ie. eeal, h eae gae s ae f silicon, of made is glaze enamel the Generally, times. higher qualityglazeand heated again. a with recoated is body the and 750°C of temperature maximum a at heated is it Next, technique. dipping the one. new and firsthand copper layer is better than a recycled A flexible. and malleable is it because used often more been applied to tile, ceramic or glass, but nowadayshad copper is enamel the past, the In enamel. of base the is layer This coppersmith. expert by shaped and chosen is brass or silver copper, like substrate metallic a First, enameled dishwe shouldmake thefollowing steps: an prepare field. To this in working artists distinguished of lot a having briskness its continue to started has art the centermedallionsymbolizesMithra, thesun. social revolution followed. However, again the enamel the However,again followed. revolution social hs ucin s sal rpae tre o four to three repeated usually is function This using glaze white a with covered is body the Then, The process of making Minakari is not very complicated. this 1992, since stagnation of yearsfew a Nowafter red hn rse te raet n h engraved the on ornament the brushes then enamel adhere firmly to the metal. Enameller the metal. the to make firmly adhere to enamel engraver the by outlined then of Mithraism of era in the Iranian plateu. Here ein ih pca clr cle Mn in Mina called colors special with design rit rw te eie dsg. t is It design. desired the draws artist e, re, lc, elw bu ec A etc yellow, blue black, green, red, ige ic o Mn ps through pass Mina of piece single rfe i sle ad hn the then and silver in crafted been evolved since the dominance the since evolved been color, having been prepared, this prepared, been having color, many bands before it reaches reaches it before bands many art art f ble srcue ht has that structure belief a of completion. yblzs aiu elements various symbolizes ein atr o Minakari of pattern design iaai n raet is ornament an Minakari n dlbrto. In deliberation. and h itiae geometric intricate The art entails perseverance entails art forty years. n u t te for then to up and from fostered was f saa i 1935 in Isfahan of The technique of this of The technique usadn painter outstanding and quantity the ult pit of points quality aie ae, the zadeh, Sani’e sa Shokrollah Ostad etwd by bestowed h attempts through the view fet h qaiy of quality the affect are well. colors art, chemical this present in used were dyes past, the In colors. final the out 600oC. about is temperature but furnace, the to the back sent are complete, is painting the After These colorsattainedfrom thefollowing chemicals: colors. magic with painting called is step This artist. the of creativity the on depends which design, of kind any kaolin, zirconium,boricacidandtin. feldspar, stones, precious lead, potassium, magnesium, metal, appropriate an of are selection enamel, The criteria, which could 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. forreadynow is body metal heated and glazed The Blue: Cobaltoxide, zincoxide, flint. zinc oxide oxide, iron green, oxide Chromium Brown: lead chromate (stone), glass and flint shingle, Copper nitrate Green: ammonium Crystal, dissolved gold violet: Red lead, dioxide, manganese cobalt oxide , oxide Iron Black: Yellow: Iron oxide, tinoxide andleadoxide copper flint, shingle crystal, lead Tin, color: Turquoise A whiteglaze:Tin,leadcrystal,flint ENAMELLING nml plates enamel hs time this hs brings This sd as used inorganic u at but If a part of enamel is separated, it should be repaired be should it separated, is enamel of part a If impact. mechanical a Hence, care should be taken while the transporting work. of because surface decorated heating inthefurnace. by Mina the stabilizing before body the on designed is calligraphy final The precision. artist’s the and heating on a colorful heated body by using the golden Mina color. background with green, blue or brown color, or designing pen to make and then beautifying the miniature patterns and then using bright golden colors on it, using a very fine background the as color one with painting architecture, traditional in used of also one patterns Islamic is well-known the which ‘eslimi’, as such paintings, Minakari in strong junctionbetween differentlayers. having a streak in the metal layer) or a of lack appropriate of heating in furnace, faults in metal base as lack (such or impacts mechanical by caused body the of edges the of damage finally, and artist. elegance andaccuracy of heating standard decoration, water, and this does not cause any problem, because the to parts other cause can separate. it otherwise immediately h bget ik o h eae i sprto o the of separation is enamel the to risk biggest The of period the on depends work the of beauty The local Different are symmetrical kinds used patterns of include Minakari damage can that Things The enamel can be washed with a sponge and warm and sponge a washedwith be can enamel The enamel is covered with a transparent glaze. Iranians glaze. transparent a with covered is enamel Naqsh-e Jahan Square. ok i Caa-ah tet n te iiiy of vicinity the and Street Chahar-Bagh in works r wl kon o pouig iaai f the of Minakari producing for known well are eaiey o pie Tee rit peet their present artists These price. low relatively highest beauty. these works, because of its artistic value and artistic its works,these of because netr a a eond ane. One painter. renowned a was whose ancestor Sanizadeh, Shokrollah is Isfahan very exquisite. There is great demand for demand great is exquisite.veryThere f h ivlal wrs f hs master this of works invaluable the of h gets mse o eaeig of enameling of master greatest The Isfahan who produce enamels that are that enamels produce who Isfahan for stamp a printing for used was commemorating Iranian handicrafts in handicrafts Iranian commemorating patterns. 089 n rgsee a national as registered and 2008-9 heritage. The original objet d’art d’art objet original The heritage. etru i dsgig beautiful designing in dexterous hlmosi Fiolh, h is who Feizollahi, to Gholamhossein refer could one Sanizadeh, of of Museum the at kept being is Traditional andHandicrafts. Arts hr ae ut a e atss in artists few a quite are There IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER Among the distinguished students 2018

51 IRAN MIRROR B pedestrian bridge inIran Tabiat Bridge isthelargest competition brief of designing a bridge to connect two connect to bridge a designing of brief competition Persian language. highwaysmajor the city.the of ‘Tabiat’ in ‘Nature’ means of one Modarres, Shahid over byspanning parks public twoTehran, connects it of north in Located Iran. in far so Tehran.in north for a plan to connect two separated byparks a highway five years ago while a student, winning a local competition was architect Leila Araghian’s first project. She designed it young woman. a by designed was it that is surprise a Tehran. is capital, What Iranian the in appeared has structure andculture.city was Islamicart atthecentreof dynastySafavid bridgesthe century fromwhen 16th the 52 t a a iaiaie ep eod h basic the beyond leap imaginative an was It built bridge pedestrian largest the is Bridge Tabiat Tabiat (“nature”) bridge, the largest its kind of in Iran, award-winning hi-tech new a that surprise no is it So

a former capital of Persia, boasts two spectacular two boasts Persia, of capital former a and destination tourist top Iran’s Isfahan, identity. ridges have always been close to the heart of Iranian IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018 Tabiat (“nature”)bridge inTehran, Iran ARCHITECTURE and ponder, notsimply pass.” stay to people for place a be to wantedit “I 31. now is use to get from one park to another,” said Araghian, who sports. morning and hangouts for place popular a become since has It Ghalibaf. Tehran’sBagher bymayor, Mohammad 2014 viewing offersavariety perspectives.curve of been has greenery bridge,whose the of footprint where minimal bythe preserved site a on encourage linger kiosks to people and spaces green the Seating, to on bridge. people lead would that created were park each in paths Multiple through. pass just than rather rest and eat congregate, people where space, architectural order a spatial largestructure enough to create an inhabitable geometrical is result latent The dimensions. three in a repeated and rotated on based are elements structural The Mountains. Alborz the to view the blocking parks separated by a highway in northern Tehran, without Built on three large pillars, the 270-metre curved curved 270-metre the pillars, large three on Built “I didn’t want it to be just a bridge which people would late in unveiled was and years two over built was It the approach ismorearchitectural. the approach bridges are usually considered as structural projects, here bridge to get fromlevel each to another. Even though the the throughout paths multiple providing ramps, multiple and stairs by other each to connected are levels the All the top main of columns forming the 3rd level viewpoints. on twoplatforms are There columns. shape tree three on sits that levels continuous two with truss dimensional 3 a and reading traditional teahouses. poetry meetings, public for place which bridge, a Khaju are and arches, 33 of bridge means New York. in based competition architectural global awards,a A+ Architizer the of winners the among named wasrecently It areas. sitting and cafes and restaurants and of floors three pathways multiple entrances, broad has structure Leila Araghian, born in Tehran in 1983, is an Iranian an is 1983, Tehranin in born Araghian, Leila of consists and long meters 270 about is bridge The Tabiat is reminiscent of Isfahan’s Siosepol, whose name Leila Araghian ARCHITECTURE this is a cultural activity, it has absolutely nothing to do to nothing absolutely has Iran’s it activity, cultural a is this against the and architect againstIranian an I’m ridiculous, is out “This sanctions sanctions: spoke herself of Araghian government. because competition enter architecture UK top and to Festival Architecture World the allowed not was she exposure; international Awards. HighwaysA+ 2015 Architizer’s Bridgesand of category severalprizes, Popularthe including awardChoice the in won has which 2014 late in opened bridge pedestrian Tehran,Tabiata in Bridgethe of designer manufacture and architect chief was design, She structures. membrane the of installation in and specializing company a Behzadi, together,colleague,Alireza a with Architecture British of Henry ElderPrize. Alumni University Architecture UBC the won the she where of Columbia, from Master her degree received later Architecture She Iran. Beheshti in Shahid University at architecture studied She architect. rgins rna hrtg hs etitd her restricted has heritage Iranian Araghian’s Tensile Diba co-founded Araghian 2005, In IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

53 IRAN MIRROR of themajorhighwaysof inthecity. the Modarres Highway, side of on each public parks one 270-metrelong a pedestrian bridge, spanning a valley is and connecting two It Tehran. of city the in landmarks your lifetime.” in once only do to getyou that things those of one it’s it, confidence for my future work but when I come to think of sitting on the benches or just hanging out. It gives me more a good feeling to see people are enjoying it, to see them I couldn’t believe it would actually be built one day,” “It’s herachievement. she can seethescaleof 54

eind ih h ie t bcm a pae to “place a become to idea the with Designed Tabiat Bridge is considered today to be one the strategic “I used to say it’s design just on a the piece paper,of IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER structure that was once just an idea in her head, her in idea an wasjust that once structure her the welcome on foot sets now,she But as design. would modern people sure wasn’t and her, and she added: “This is very discriminatory”. such sanction targeting only ordinary people like by disappointed deeply was She politics.” with Araghian said she initially lacked confidence lacked initially she said Araghian 2018 ARCHITECTURE foreyes,the amount spectacular a encompasses also but feast a only not is bridge The calculated. accurately be the specifications this of complex steel construction had to as project the for essential wasabsolutely This Australia. from software long construction required a the took receive to It time Iran. with trading prohibited from countries that many embargo trade international the was afterwards, but faced many obstacles. The biggest hurdle soon started Construction competition. local a of winner politicalandeconomiccrisis. masterpiece inatimeof and day- revolutionarya as experienceit who forusers in night-time experiences different generates Bridge its with city, whole theAlborzMountains. spectacular background sceneof the overlook to Tehran is that jam traffic the of nightmare the of out get to passer-by the enables location This location. strategic most a in design engineering and architectural contemporary innovative an as out stands Bridge the pass”, “to than rather stay” The now famous design by Araghian was chosen as the A destinationinitself the serendipity, and complexity of sense its With The 2016AgaKhanAward for Architecture. ingredients aretheretomake ithappen. the all But famous. as just become Tabiatwill the Bridge forplace meeting locals. We havewill waitto if see and a as served has bridge this centuries For Isfahan. of city the in Bridge Siosepol 400-year-old the country, the in bridge iconic another to bridge this compares often Iran attraction.an become has bridgethe itself planned, had architect the as Just out. eat or bike come walk, People run, to locals. here Tehran for magnet daily a has Bridgebeen Tabiat the then, Since 2014. in place took It traffic. passing took 2 years to build the bridge. The onto festive inauguration falling from materials to tunnels prevent temporary and workers platforms construction the special for as such measures safety additional freeway,overa partially height, great a required which at place took wereconcrete Construction used. of metres materials.of Over 2,000 tons steels of and 10,000 cubic ait Ntr) eetin rde n ern was Tehran in Bridge Pedestrian (Nature) Tabiat Prestigious AwardsPrestigious ARCHITECTURE over 300judges. and categories 90+ with program award architectural category. Tabiat (Nature) Iran’sBridge as one selected of the winners in the +engineering 2015 in A+Awards’ Architizer The 2015Architizer A+Awards Muslim populations. substantial have that locations in projects recognize and years, three every out given are awards The prizes. architecture lucrative most world’s the of makes one Architecture which for Award fund, Khan Aga million the $1 a of share a Khan Award for Architecture. named among the six winners of the 2016 Aga global definitive the Awards’are A+ Architizer ‘The ‘The program award architectural global The receive will project each of architects The IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

55 IRAN MIRROR to survive extremeto survive climatic conditions. efficient ways more find to efforts constant their of part agriculture and architecture into the design of gardens in as expertise their blended gradually activity, sacred a paradise onearth. of representation symbolic a create to architecture and art of qualities aesthetic the with nature of beauty the Herodotus notedthat;thePersian kingsliked gardening. its historian has Greek Indeed, Iran). that Persia(currently in origins design garden of style and tradition a to refer Persiananother. or way one imagination whole popular a in to day this to idea endures legacy their this that given level new took Persians the garden, a to thePersians. agarden couldbebecauseof prism of you to hear that the reason you see paradise through the newforwellbe tranquil,kept might a garden. It of idea paradise. To many of us, one of those thoughts evokes the 56 nin Iain, h rgre patn tes as trees planting regarded who Iranians, Ancient Iranian gardens have for nearly 6,000 years combined allusions of full are mythologiesBabylonian Although of notion the defines perfectly that thing one of Think IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER paradise true Persian garden, asymbolof 2018 PERSIAN GARDEN produce pleasant smellintheenvironment. to area the in planted also are Flowersscent strong with area. the down cools and evaporation water prevents which shadow extensive an creating streams, and pool garden through streamsandthepool. water. of forthe transferring in watercirculates The tunnels then underground ofqanats, out coming flow water vaulted connectingthetwo spaces. arches as such elements architectural with courtyard, inner an through garden surrounding its with koushk the the entiregreenspace.irrigation of for canals waterseveral or one fountains; and tileworks in the middle of the garden; a water pool decorated with and spiritual leisurely relaxation; for a koushk space (palace) on protected the highest point a create to the garden surrounding walls High gardens: Iranian of design h po i nral lctd n rn o te Koushk, the of front in located normally is pool The the surround plane and cedar,pine as such Talltrees the of front in built basically were gardens Iranian of area indoor the integrate often gardens Iranian There are four main elements to the intricate geometric and Esfahan, based on the style of Persianand Esfahan,basedonthestyleof gardens. urban planning of its first the and designed second capital which cities, Qazvin (1501–1736) Dynasty Safavid the thelargest Persiansome of gardens intheworld. under the Mughal Empire (1526-1857 AD) in India, have to Indiaandbeyond. influence in the design of gardens from Andalusia in Spain gardensof increased in importance and became a major of influence the under gardens Zoroastrianism and its respect for the in vital value of water. important more waterand functional use of fountains and ponds became Persian gardens. of style the is for example it official first and the as system considered four-part a in symmetrically out was laid and terraces pools orchids, pavilions, magnificent had which garden The Fars. of province southern the in Pasargadroyalin complex garden a of construction the Empire(550–330BC). during theAchaemenid cultures other to spread and culture Iranian the of part themansion. of image full a reflects which mirror large a as functioning The design of Iranian gardens reached its zenith during built were which Mahal, Taj and Tomb Humayun’s After Islam, the geometric design and aesthetic aspect During the Sasanian Empire (224-651 AD), decorative ordered Great the Cyrus ago, years 2,500 Nearly paradises becameakey buildingearthly The ideaof PERSIAN GARDEN an arid region, Persianregion, arid an fromgardensrespite the offered French, Zen or English gardens. Chinese,The Iranian plateau from being departure huge a is which in walled are Persianapart gardens from therest. garden? makesaPersianWhat gardenaPersian thebody peace. andsoulcanachieve a worldinwhich picture and time and place of restrictions the transcend Iranian gardens. elementsof and artistic architectural of illustrations visible with gardenheavenly Persian designof in theartistic carpets. gardens have had the most significant influence the designing, urban and architecture Iranian world, Pakistan. the in one and India in in two Iran, in nine including Gardens Persian Heritage that makes Persian gardens unique. Theseare; landscaping features, there are a three divergent criteria hot climateby creatingshady areaswithinthegardens. It is important to reiterate this point that Persian gardens set fountains and streams shade,for walls,trees High In Persian carpets, gardens, as the symbols of paradise, a of panorama a depict mainly carpets Persian in Gardens Persian of role the from Apart World UNESCO 12 currently are There lhuh l tee adn my hr formal share may gardens these all Although IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

57 IRAN MIRROR Persia, the idea of paradise still remained in Islamic in remained still paradise of idea Persia,the in religion Zoroastrian of death the to led invasion Arab the if Even rule. Muslim under fell region the when even evolve to continued and reiterated was that idea an is It Eden. theological gardenof the of implications the refine and describe to “paradise” of notion the on relied further leaders religious and mythology, Judeo-Christian when theJews were underPersian exile. the by adopted and transmitted was which “pairidaeza” as to referred isolate thesetwo elements. to hard very is it time, first the for garden Persian a in are you when fact, of matter a walledAs enclosures. high of use the with elements outdoor and squares by causeways means of and water channels. water soundof inastream. trickling • • heritage sites, arefound inIran, theseare; Mughal Emperor land. Humayun ona25 acrepieceof the Mirza of honour in built was Mirak Century,it 16th the in named Ghiyas architect Persian a by Designed heavily from Persian thephilosophy of gardening. fact, the national symbol India, of the of Taj matter Mahal, borrows a As Pakistan. and India in particularly Iran, as we will see, there are Persian inspired gardens outside Where to find an original Persian garden today? inpresentday IndiaandPakistan.particularly civilisations neighbouring by adopted quickly were which gardens bagh Char the of philosophy the in expressed is This paradise. about represented had eventually evolved to mirror the image that the Quran orthodoxy. 58 ba Aa Gre i Bhhh i Mazandaran in Behshahr province in Garden Abad Abbas Yazdprovince in Mehriz of city the in Garden Pahlavanpour h rs o te esa gres hc ae world are which gardens Persian the of rest The Delhi. in Tomb Humayun’s the is one second The 95% the of remaining Persian gardens are in Iran, but atmosphere garden’s Persian the extent, this To scribes Jewish the here is it that believe Experts was space” “enclosed this for word Persian The indoor the of integration clever the is Finally, fourinto largedivided gardensnormally The are IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER atd o o ute ta ta, they that, than further wanted to replicate both the dropping and go to wanted visual their for appeal. But the employedcreators of Persian garden mainly are fountains water gardens, most and For canals. fountains of use the explains which The need to hear and see water flowing 2018 PERSIAN GARDEN concept of EdenorParadiseconcept of onEarth”. the materialises Garden Persian The concepts. religious that reflects the ideals philosophical, art, of symbolic and the in achievement artistic unique a components create to Garden Persian manmade with combine elements that they have heritage beendesignatedasworld sites? • • • • • • • Dowlat AbadGarden inYazd province Pasargadae inFars province Eram GardeninShiraz District provinceShazdeh GardeninKerman Chehel SotouninIsfahanprovince Fin GardeninKashan, Isfahanprovince Akbarieh GardeninSouthKhorasan province codn t UEC, hy oe ht “Natural that, note they UNESCO, to According history world to important so legacy their is why But O Persian Gild used along withgold. been also have turquoise and vermilion, green, blue, azure, like colors Other (gilding). “tazhib” it theywhycalled is this and art this in wasused beautiful books. At the beginning,margins of golden color draw the on to shapes geometrical or plants of patterns means currently “gold”. meaning Gilding “zahab” from derived been arts. this mostrarefied of has spent the past quarter of a century mastering for itself,” said illuminator Fereidoon Joghan, who forminitsownas beinganart right. the well as poems, epic adorned and books holy of margins traditionally have calligraphy intricate and decorations flourishes, geometric Tazhib (gilding) is an Arabic word which has which word Arabic an is (gilding) Tazhib “The perfection and harmony of this art speaks whose illumination non-figurative is Tazhib e f h ods Iain r forms, the pre-Islamicera art since survived Iranian has (tazhib) oldest illumination the of ne PERSIAN GILDING schools. dark colors while such colors are not used in other because the former makes use of black and other schools other in gilding from distinguished easily be can school Bukhara in gilding example, For in the method in which patterns were put together. evident are differences Their gilding. of schools Teimurid, Safavi and Qajar are names of famous Bukhara, Seljuk, periods. historical and thoughts it hasregained itspastglory. period; some forebbed art this Also art. Islamic an into turned was and governments Arab and byIslamic wasused it Islam, of advent the After and their stalks to illuminate around book pages. poem collections. gilding Masters used of flowers is it religious, as as well practice, books to historical and cultural, scientific, patterns in beautiful of but application gold, with something ie anig glig a is w shos of schools own its has gilding painting, Like era. Sassanid to back dates Iran in Gilding cover to means gilding speaking, Literary IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER ing 2018

59 IRAN MIRROR and Indianpainting schools. Iranian of continuation were they that indicate and exquisite are India in dynasties Mughol to belonging art of Works schools. painting Indian and Iranian founded and period Safavid early in India to moved and artists Iranian Empire,countries. Arab Ottoman the India, other like of countries that on gilding Iranian of impact the tenth centuriesafterHegira. 60 Ottoman Turks were not skillful in gilding and it prove clearly centuries past of works Gilding IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER eiae n lxros n h nnh and ninth the in luxurious and delicate and powerfulveryeighth century;and inthe glorious centuries; sixth and fifth the in coherent more was it simple; was gilding century, fourth the In then. lived who people expressgilding of spirit the hrfr, ifrn pros of periods different Therefore, 2018 PERSIAN GILDING ellipses. themenjoys Every special oneof or circles, rectangles, squares, are which frames style andusenatural colors. same the follow to try still Today,viewers.they human of spirits theytheynatural,boosted were Since materials. other and copper azure, from birds, animals, human faces and natural sceneries. added sometimes and gilding in leaves colorful and trees vine of stalks used Europeans gilding. Iranian the from different quite is which gilding, of style own their have Europeans world. the in left them. artists Iranian once countries also Arab in collapsed Gilding school. independent an founded was the Iranian artists who took the art there and t hud e oe ta glig ss various uses gilding that noted be should It times,old theyIn obtained naturalcolors used parallel no has art gilding Iranian the fact, In PERSIAN GILDING IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

61 IRAN MIRROR 62 the that then is it and art real a became it field; era began to work as professional artisans in this when the Seljuk Empire and the the peoples Timurid of peak its reached manuscript illuminated The art”. “Islamic as to referred then were and manuscripts governments Arab / Islamic illuminated the by taken the were Islam, Sasanian the After to era. back dates books Iranian in art this of use the of origin The motifs. floral or artisans arabesque with decorated beautiful, more texts religious and literal of and pages golden the make to books various in art this illustrated use Teachers illuminated field this painted. works, as referred be can manuscripts Islamic manuscript. illustrated or ornate any refers with term the silver but in common usage decorated IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER term term refers to manuscripts illustrations. miniature In decorations and the borders,strictest definition, initials, with as such embellished is text the which in manuscript a is manuscript beautiful aspects. A so-called miniato so-called A aspects. beautiful to to 2018 or gold or PERSIAN GILDING the in work in the libraries the of capital; to thus, priceless began who court, to Iran of regions various from artisans and bookbinders painters, called kings The back. date manuscripts beautiful most osdrd ipe bt trig rm h 6th the from starting but simple, considered was century IV-V the in art This times. those of and these facets manifest the feelings and spirits painted, are motifs or letters the way the and the various the colors manuscripts mainly concern Timuride, Bukhara, between differences The Qajara. and Safavide of Selgiuchide, including illuminated the eras,and schools different even of consist manuscripts art, of Like categories artisans. other Iranian committed and eminent the of efforts inestimable the with swing full in luiae mnsrps r still are manuscripts illuminated atrics ae en created been have masterpieces that country was conquered, the conquered, was country adorn Iranian museums museums Iranian adorn when all oa. Although today. h clue f the of culture the decelerated vr h world the over this art this wasart types of illuminated works. The Timurid dynasty Timurid The works. illuminated of types common and important most the of one are era Timurid the of productions artistic The beauty. its with love in fell and little by in little Koran the interested more were the Muslims was when It period prostration. of verses the for signs the the and Sura, Koran the of segments thirty the the verses, on information the which embellished structure, decorative the determining of process the of beginning the to back dates this Koran, the of miniaturization the Regarding of today. history the Turkey in persists still time, the of emigrants Iranian the to thanks art, This value. immense of masterpieces various created that painting of schools Indian and of Iranian thethe founders were Empire Safavid first the during India to Iran from emigrated who artists as such India, Turkey, countries and other other Arab nations. The in manuscripts miniated Iranian of effects salient the find can we times, recent of manuscripts illuminated the at look we When value.and majesty assumed gradually it century itself. decorate and illuminate the books and the Koran to used were that materials main most the were lazuli the among beautiful wereilluminated manuscripts. Gold and lapis and Baysonqor, and Shahrokhbelongedto era this wereproducedin books haveproducedfar.that been so KoransThe that beautiful and precious most the are city among this of books religious The on. so and painters bookbinders, miniaturists, calligraphers, cartographers, writers, for center production a empire and founded a library in Harat to create brought Timurid the around he from artists painting; many together and works illuminated to learn the inscription, of techniques calligraphy, dynasty.the lovedwho of wasking artist This an Khan was the largest and most important member Bahador Baysongor Sultan books; writing of art encouraged and allowed the development of the IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

63 IRAN MIRROR I parts of the country i.e. in the valleys, hillsides or steps or hillsides valleys, the in i.e. country the of parts world, anewssaid. report the in fruit the of exporter and producer largest the is Iran pomegranate, of tons 000 670, around producing antioxidant. scientifically it is proven that pomegranate is very high in pomegranate makes this a fruit symbol fertility.of Today powerof purifying blood and life of sign obvious an as Blood happiness. and fertility of symbol the Yalda, fruit is in the of one as Pomegranate, Iran. in the times since ancient observed been has Yalda year. the of night longest Yalda,the is festivals Iranian important most the eventsas national such celebrations and festivals. One of purifiestheblood. fruit 64 Called “Anar” in Persian, Iranians for long believed the to be a sacred fruit and a fruit originated from paradise. n Persian culture and belief, pomegranate is considered Different varieties of the fruit is produced almost in all and lands of hectares 60,000 some Covering special Iranian many of part ever-present an is Anar IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER producer and exporter intheworld producer andexporter pomegranate the largest Iran, 2018 POMEGRANATE etvl i atm we te ri i i sao. n this In season. in is fruit the when autumn in festivals Asian Central the countries. as well as countries Arab Ukraine, Russia, in markets to and countries European different to produce the was of figures,exported tons over 150,000 the to According year. by year export increased steadily pomegranate has Iran’s that fact the of indicative demanded by itsforeign customers. country.Also, the pomegranate produced in the province the is highly in commodity Iran’s the of of producer largest and percent first 21 the ranks and - over annum per produce pomegranates - pomegranates of tons 155,000 about produces cultivation under lands the of the large irrigated orchards. and is grown in the form dry of farming in the plains or in lot vrwee n rn w hv pomegranate have we Iran, in everywhere Almost are commodity the of exports the in trends Recent hectares 13,000 enjoying Province, Fars However, Pomegranate festival celebration oernt su ad oa ciie r coe. If cooked. are cuisine as local and such soup products pomegranate pomegranate’s various Moreover, different taste can pomegranates. juicy and fresh you of flavors mouthwatering harvest, great presenting to this At December. festivalis mainly which held for praising God to in response October from pomegranate, of as, such Saveh, Arsanjan and Niriz, in the growing season held in the focal cities of Iranian pomegranate production almost every majorcityinIran. in jelly and cream ice as such many pomegranate of products are There snack. other and juice pomegranate popular fresh offering stores chain very a also is juice pomegranate of made roll fruit or Lavashak “Fesenjan”. major a as paste called dish Iranian popular most the the of one in ingredient is fruit the of byproducts used widely the of One skin. the of color the even and taste the seeds, the of color the on based pomegranates of the kinds different or are There rubies. hundred one of rubies festival hundred one called: is festival the ruby, to seed pomegranate’s of resemblance the of Because introduced. are pomegranate of byproducts numerous festival many different types of the fruit is displayed and oernt Fsia, n nul utrl etvl is festival, cultural annual an Festival, Pomegranate POMEGRANATE nixdns hn ot te fut ucs Pomegranate juices. fruit other most than antioxidants diseases. bowel inflammatory with people for beneficial be may It digestion. improve and gut the in inflammation reduce can juice Pomegranate digestion. improve and hunger of pomegranate exceeds 1milliontonsannually. list the tops of production Iran Domestic producers. pomegranate world’s Agriculture, of Ministry the with otherrecreationalactivities.and performing games playing foods, local preparing by festival a run their for pomegranate harvest. God thank to festival a hold Kermanshah, of province western the in village a Khaneqah, pomegranate.with heavenly tasteof practical experience of preparing Iranian food the yourself offer and gardens pomegranate to beautiful sure the visit make festivals, pomegranate autumn, join in Iran to travel you oernt jie otis ihr ees of levels higher contains juice Pomegranate relieve both It benefits. numerous of is Pomegranate official an Hassanpour, Abolqasem to According villagers the pomegranates harvesting after Annually in farmers mid-autumn in year Every IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

65 IRAN MIRROR Iranians today. by cherished dearly still is and Persianculture ancient in is indigenous toIran. which fruit, the to related handicrafts and foodsshow to industry.byhosted festivalis The Tehran the Municipality carpet the is in silk wooland color to used havebeen skins fruit and juice website Pomegranate says. the festival religious,” and of cultures many writings artifacts and in life fertility and eternal health, of symbol a as revered has been and paradise, Qur’an, the to according rich of antioxidant dense, nutrient “The pomegranates. of consumption the promote to (Mosalla) Grounds Prayer Grand Khomeini appears toprotectandarteries. theheart It juice. heart-healthy most the as running the in is juice 66 Indigenous to Iran, pomegranate is a symbol of fertility Imam Tehran’s at place taking is festival The IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER sd n rna dse, and dishes, Iranian in used many of cultures andreligious,s” artifacts and writings in life eternal and fertility health, of “symbol gardens the in grows fruit, 2018 POMEGRANATE Pomegranate fruit of the fruit andthanpull itapart. thefruit of layers separation white the through only knife the down run should you head, the off takeyou after is, point The waste, look at the images below you can howlearn to so. and take all the seeds out without a drop of juice going to using it can be a bit confusing. Iranians can usually peal it and fruit this pealing of wayproper the nowadays,yet and handicrafts relatedtopomegranate. foodstuff exhibit to Municipality Tehran by held event used aswell tocolorwool andsilkinthecarpetindustry. been historically have skins Pomegranatedishes. Iranian u hw s oernt i te oen a Iran? day modern the in pomegranate is how But Pomegranate Festival is an annual cultural and artistic some in role a have paste and juice Pomegranate n ay countries many in available become has It world. the all around in mentioned talks health is in that usually is reasons pomegranate others the purifier among blood and fruit antioxidantsare which this of aspects h nutritious The that were made domestically and consumed as snacks. snacks. as consumed and domestically made were that popular. be to continue products sour these among are “aluche” still and “Lavashak” that also, snacks sour of variety a was there snacks Iran, of style life wide traditional in but products, World salty or . based sugar usually are productsnowadays sour of popularity extreme this is there Iran in that know to need you Iran special andessentialtoIranian lifestyle. in the season, but these are not what makes pomegranate pomegranate).rawverysmaller it also Eating is popular for method popular (very juice the out sucking and skin the in whole small a making than fingers, with smoothly it smashing means which solution, the is ab-lambu fruit, the pealing of trouble the bothered be cant one When children among juice. into favorite smashing means which , they“ab-lambo” since a even is It taste. of variety this to due anybody almost attack can it therefore skin, red has sour-sweetor which sour type the and skin white have which type sweet the types, two has Pomegranate Before going on with the pomegranate popularity in popularity pomegranate the with on going Before POMEGRANATE lavashak available, which you can taste first and then choose. and first taste can you which available, lavashak is part that there is a variety sour to of sweet and aluche best The beverage. the on all of combination a or seed pomegranate frozen seeds, pomegranate dried aluche, lavashak,have to choose can juice,you pomegranate a ice-creams and with lavashak.aluche So once youor orders juices the decorating is popularity this of secret The areas. busy in found be can and popular very become Pomegranate juice, ice cream, froppe, fadule, havewhich beverages/snacks. pomegranate serve only that stores we that is Iran in evolution the but juices serving stores nowadays.supermarkets mixed fruit are popular tastes. They are sold in tastes. Pomegranate, cherry, apricot, plum and watering mouth their with addictive and tasty very are They preserved. than and and dry half boiled or fruits dry to left are which spices, sour with thickened are they Basically Back to pomegranate, all around the world there are there world pomegranate,aroundthe to all Back IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018

67 IRAN MIRROR 68 IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR OCTOBER 2018