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6 Cybercrime
Internet and Technology Law: A U.S. Perspective Cybercrime 6 Cybercrime Objectives Ater completing this chapter, the student should be able to: • Describe the three types of computer crime; • Describe and deine the types of Internet crime that target individuals and businesses; and • Explain the key federal laws that target Internet crime against property. 6.1 Overview his chapter will review privacy and security breaches on the Internet that are of a criminal nature, or called cybercrime. Broadly speaking, cybercrime is deined as any illegal action that uses or targets computer networks to violate the law. he U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)317 categorizes computer crime in three ways: 1. As a target: a computer is the subject of the crime (such causing computer damage). For example, a computer attacks the computer(s) of others in a malicious way (such as spreading a virus). 2. As a weapon or a tool: a computer is used to help commit the crime. his means that the computer is used to commit “traditional crime” normally occurring in the physical world (such as fraud or illegal gambling). 3. As an accessory or incidental to the crime: a computer is used peripherally (such as for recordkeeping purposes). he DOJ suggests this would be using a computer as a “fancy iling cabinet” to store illegal or stolen information.318 6.2 Types of Crimes Many types of crimes are committed in today’s networked environment. hey can involve either people, businesses, or property. Perhaps you have been a victim of Internet crime, or chances are you know someone who has been a victim. -
BUGS in the SYSTEM a Primer on the Software Vulnerability Ecosystem and Its Policy Implications
ANDI WILSON, ROSS SCHULMAN, KEVIN BANKSTON, AND TREY HERR BUGS IN THE SYSTEM A Primer on the Software Vulnerability Ecosystem and its Policy Implications JULY 2016 About the Authors About New America New America is committed to renewing American politics, Andi Wilson is a policy analyst at New America’s Open prosperity, and purpose in the Digital Age. We generate big Technology Institute, where she researches and writes ideas, bridge the gap between technology and policy, and about the relationship between technology and policy. curate broad public conversation. We combine the best of With a specific focus on cybersecurity, Andi is currently a policy research institute, technology laboratory, public working on issues including encryption, vulnerabilities forum, media platform, and a venture capital fund for equities, surveillance, and internet freedom. ideas. We are a distinctive community of thinkers, writers, researchers, technologists, and community activists who Ross Schulman is a co-director of the Cybersecurity believe deeply in the possibility of American renewal. Initiative and senior policy counsel at New America’s Open Find out more at newamerica.org/our-story. Technology Institute, where he focuses on cybersecurity, encryption, surveillance, and Internet governance. Prior to joining OTI, Ross worked for Google in Mountain About the Cybersecurity Initiative View, California. Ross has also worked at the Computer The Internet has connected us. Yet the policies and and Communications Industry Association, the Center debates that surround the security of our networks are for Democracy and Technology, and on Capitol Hill for too often disconnected, disjointed, and stuck in an Senators Wyden and Feingold. unsuccessful status quo. -
Reforming Vulnerability Disclosure Programs in the Private Sector
Debugging the System: Reforming Vulnerability Disclosure Programs in the Private Sector Jasmine Arooni* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 445 II. VULNERABILITY DISCLOSURE PROGRAMS IN PRACTICE: HOW DO THEY WORK? .............................................................................................. 448 III. THE CURRENT LEGAL LANDSCAPE: LEGAL RISKS FACED BY VDP SECURITY RESEARCHERS .................................................................. 450 A. The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and Its Impact on Security Research ..................................................................................... 451 B. The DMCA and Its Impact on Security Research ....................... 453 C. Safe Harbor Language: A Superficial Fix, Not a Complete Solution ....................................................................................... 454 IV. THE DOJ’S DISCRETIONARY GUIDANCE FOR PRIVATE VDPS ............. 455 V. THE U.S. GOVERNMENT’S INFLUENTIAL ROLE IN VDP GOVERNANCE .................................................................................................... 456 A. The U.S. Government as a “Crowdsourcer”: Validating the Importance of Public Engagement to Cybersecurity ................. 457 B. The U.S. Government as a “Rule Maker”: The DHS’ Compulsory Authority over Government VDPs .............................................. 458 C. The Government as an “Example”: The Impact of Government VDPs on the Private Sector, as Evidenced Through -
A Dropbox Whitepaper Dropbox for Business Security
Dropbox for Business security A Dropbox whitepaper Dropbox for Business security Contents Introduction 3 Product features (security, control, and visibility) 3 Under the hood 7 Application security 10 Apps for Dropbox 12 Network security 13 Vulnerability management 14 Dropbox information security 16 Physical security 17 Compliance 17 Privacy 19 Dropbox Trust Program 20 Summary 21 Dropbox for Business security Millions of users trust Dropbox to easily and reliably store, sync, and share photos, videos, docs, and other files across devices. Dropbox for Business brings that same simplicity to the workplace, with advanced features that help teams share instantly across their organizations and give admins the visibility and control they need. But more than just an easy-to-use tool for storage and sharing, Dropbox for Business is designed to keep important work files secure. To do this, we’ve created a sophisticated infrastructure onto which account administrators can layer and customize policies of their own. In this paper, we’ll detail the back-end policies, as well as options available to admins, that make Dropbox the secure tool for getting work done. Product features (security, control, and visibility) Dropbox provides the administrative control and visibility features that empower both IT and end users to effectively manage their businesses and data. Below is a sampling of features available to team admins and users, as well as third-party integrations for managing core IT processes. Admin management features No two organizations are exactly alike, so we’ve developed a number of tools that empower admins to customize Dropbox for Business to their teams’ particular needs. -
Threats and Vulnerabilities in Federation Protocols and Products
Threats and Vulnerabilities in Federation Protocols and Products Teemu Kääriäinen, CSSLP / Nixu Corporation OWASP Helsinki Chapter Meeting #30 October 11, 2016 Contents • Federation Protocols: OpenID Connect and SAML 2.0 – Basic flows, comparison between the protocols • OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect Vulnerabilities and Best Practices – Background for OAuth 2.0 security criticism, vulnerabilities related discussion and publicly disclosed vulnerabilities, best practices, JWT, authorization bypass vulnerabilities, mobile application integration. • SAML 2.0 Vulnerabilities and Best Practices – Best practices, publicly disclosed vulnerabilities • OWASP Top Ten in Access management solutions – Focus on Java deserialization vulnerabilites in different commercial and open source access management products • Forgerock OpenAM, Gluu, CAS, PingFederate 7.3.0 Admin UI, Oracle ADF (Oracle Identity Manager) Federation Protocols: OpenID Connect and SAML 2.0 • OpenID Connect is an emerging technology built on OAuth 2.0 that enables relying parties to verify the identity of an end-user in an interoperable and REST-like manner. • OpenID Connect is not just about authentication. It is also about authorization, delegation and API access management. • Reasons for services to start using OpenID Connect: – Ease of integration. – Ability to integrate client applications running on different platforms: single-page app, web, backend, mobile, IoT. – Allowing 3rd party integrations in a secure, interoperable and scalable manner. • OpenID Connect is proven to be secure and mature technology: – Solves many of the security issues that have been an issue with OAuth 2.0. • OpenID Connect and OAuth 2.0 are used frequently in social login scenarios: – E.g. Google and Microsoft Account are OpenID Connect Identity Providers. Facebook is an OAuth 2.0 authorization server. -
Scams Pamphlet (PDF)
http://www.fraud.org/learn/older-adult-fraud/they-can-t-hang-up “Fraud.org is an important partner in the FTC’s fight to protect consumers from being victimized by fraud.” - FTC Commissioner Maureen K. Ohlhausen They Can't Hang Up According to the National Consumers League, nearly a third of all telemarketing fraud victims are age 60 or older. Studies by AARP show that most older telemarketing fraud victims don’t realize that the voice on the phone could belong to someone who is trying to steal their money. Many consumers believe that salespeople nice young men or women simply trying to make a living. They may be pushy or exaggerate the offer, but they’re basically honest. While that’s true for most telemarketers, there are some whose intentions are to rob people, using phones as their weapons. The FBI says that there are thousands of fraudulent telemarketing companies operating in the United States. There are also an increasing number of illegal telemarketers who target U.S. residents from locations in Canada and other countries. It’s difficult for victims, especially seniors, to think of fraudulent telemarketers’ actions as crimes, rather than hard sells. Many are even reluctant to admit that they have been cheated or robbed by illegal telemarketers. Step 1 THE FIRST STEP in helping older people who may be targets is to convince them that fraudulent telemarketers are hardened criminals who don’t care about the pain they cause when they steal someone’s life savings. Once seniors understand that illegal telemarketing is a serious crime— punishable by heavy fines and long prison sentences—they are more likely to hang up and report the fraud to law enforcement authorities. -
Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men
Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide -
Affidavit in Support of Criminal Complaint
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT MAY l,') 8 (,L,l."',qi:'l FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS CUFFORD J. PROUD US.MAG5TRATEJUOGE SOl.J1lfERN DlSTRlcr OF ILLlNOl" EAST sr. LOU5 OF"fICE '- UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) vs. ) ) NICHOLAS A. SMIRNOW ) a/k/a Nicoloy Smirnow, Alexander Judizcev, ) Nicholas Kachura, and JeffProzorowiczm, ) ) Defendant. ) AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT OF CRIMINAL COMPLAINT I, Postal Inspector Jacob M. Gholson, being first duly sworn, hereby depose and state as follows: 1. I am a Postal Inspector with the United States Postal Inspection Service, and have been since March, 2008. I have been working mail fraud cases since July 2008. Overview ofscam 2. As is detailed more fully within, Pathway to Prosperity ("P-2-P") was an internet Ponzi scheme that promised investors worldwide very high returns with little or no risk. P-2-P purported to afford to the average person the opportunity to take advantage ofinvestment vehicles ostensibly available to only the very rich. As represented to investors, by investing with P-2-P, the average investor would supposedly pool his or her money with that ofother investors to "piggyback" on the investment ofP-2-P and its principal, NICHOLAS A. SMIRNOW ("SMIRNOW"). 3. Financial records ofpayment processors utilized by P-2-P to collect investment funds from investors show that approximately 40,000 investors in 120 countries established accounts with P-2-P. Despite the fact that the investment was supposedly "guaranteed," investors lost approximately $70 million as a result ofSMIRNOW'S actions. Smirnow's pathway to prosperity 4. The investigation ofP-2-P began when the Government received a referral from the Illinois Securities Department concerning an elderly Southern District of Illinois resident who had made a substantial investment in P-2-P. -
A Layman's Guide to Scams and Frauds
A LAYMAN'S GUIDE TO SCAMS AND FRAUDS INQUIRE BEFORE YOU WIRE By Michael T. Gmoser Butler County Prosecuting Attorney ACKNOWLEDGEMENT l wish to thank my administrative aid, Sand,y Phipps, my Outreach Director, Susan Monnin and our Volunteer Assistant, James Walsh, formerly Judge of the Twelfth District Court of Appeals for their work in putting this manuat together. Michael T. ,Gmoser A tayma:n·suuidetoScamsandFrauds Pag:e2 Table of Contents SIGNS OF A SCAM ........._ ..... ·-·- ·-~·-··-- ·-· · ..··-·-·- · ·-··-· ·-··-~·-···-· ·-·· ................ ~.......................... 7 10 COMMON l'VPES OF FRAUD AND HOW TO AVOID THEM ...... ·-·-·--·······-·-·-······--12 MORE FRAUD SCAMS ,ANil HOW TO AVOID TJfEM .............. - ..... "........ ........ ~............................. 16 HEALTH CARE FRAUD Oil HEALTH INSURANCE FRAUD .• ~........................ ".................. -...... 18 WHO COMMITS MEDICAL/ HEALTH CARE FRAUD? ..................... w •• ~............... - ......_. ......... ..... 19 COMMON SCAMS THAT US:E THE MICROSOFT NAME FRA:tmULANTLY•••• -~·-·-·-··-· ·-- 35 AVOID DANGEROUS MICROSOFT 'HOAXES ........................ - ..........- ...................... - ................. 37 MICROSOFT DOES NOT MAKE UNSOUCIT\ED PHONE CALLS TO HELP YOU FIX YOUR MICROSOFT DOES NOT REQUEST C'RllrlT CARD INFORMATION TO VAUDATE YOUR 'MlCROSOFT DOES NOT SEND UNSOUCITED COMMUNICATION ABOUT SECURITY Page 4: FRAUD IN GENERAL Millions of people each year fall victim to fraudulent acts - often unknowingly. While many instances o.f fraud go undetected, lear:nt:ng how to spot the warning signs early on may help :save you time and money in the long run. iFntud is a broad term that refers to a. variety ot offenses involving dishonesty or "fraudulent acts". In essence, :FRAUO fS THE UflENTlONAl. OECEPTION Of A PE.RSON OR ENTITY BY ANOTHER MADE FOR MONETARY OR PERSONAl GAIN. Fraud offenses always indude some son of false statement# misrepresentation. or deceitful conduct. -
Software Bug Bounties and Legal Risks to Security Researchers Robin Hamper
Software bug bounties and legal risks to security researchers Robin Hamper (Student #: 3191917) A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Law by Research Page 2 of 178 Rob Hamper. Faculty of Law. Masters by Research Thesis. COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ‘I hereby grant the University of New South Wales or its agents a non-exclusive licence to archive and to make available (including to members of the public) my thesis or dissertation in whole or part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known. I acknowledge that I retain all intellectual property rights which subsist in my thesis or dissertation, such as copyright and patent rights, subject to applicable law. I also retain the right to use all or part of my thesis or dissertation in future works (such as articles or books).’ ‘For any substantial portions of copyright material used in this thesis, written permission for use has been obtained, or the copyright material is removed from the final public version of the thesis.’ Signed ……………………………………………........................... Date …………………………………………….............................. AUTHENTICITY STATEMENT ‘I certify that the Library deposit digital copy is a direct equivalent of the final officially approved version of my thesis.’ Signed ……………………………………………........................... Date …………………………………………….............................. Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname/Family Name : Hamper Given Name/s : Robin Abbreviation for degree as give in the University calendar : Masters of Laws by Research Faculty : Law School : Thesis Title : Software bug bounties and the legal risks to security researchers Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) This thesis examines some of the contractual legal risks to which security researchers are exposed in disclosing software vulnerabilities, under coordinated disclosure programs (“bug bounty programs”), to vendors and other bug bounty program operators. -
Don't Get Caught in a Pyramid Scheme!
DON’T GET CAUGHT IN A PYRAMID SCHEME! Pyramid schemes are just one of the many ways scammers capitalize on human greed. These business-centered schemes have been around for years, but scammers are still growing rich off victims. Recently, the state of Washington sued LuLaRoe, a massive pyramid operation that had collected millions of dollars from small business owners who believed it to be a legitimate organization. Pyramid schemes are especially dangerous because they can be difficult to spot. They make every effort to appear legitimate, and are often confused with authentic multi-level marketing (MLM) companies. Let’s take a look at what constitutes a pyramid scheme and how to avoid falling into their trap. What is a Pyramid Scheme? A pyramid scheme is a system in which participating members earn money by recruiting an ever-expanding number of “investors.” The initial promoters of the business stand on top of the pyramid. They will recruit additional investors, who will each also recruit even more investors. At each level, the number of investors multiplies. Investors earn a profit for each new recruit, and pass on some of the profit to their recruiters. The further up on a pyramid an investor is, the more money they will earn. Sometimes, pyramid schemes involve the sale of a product, but that is usually just an attempt to appear authentic. The product will typically be faulty, and will obviously not be the focus of the business. The main object of all pyramid schemes is to recruit new investors in a never-ending quest for expansion. -
Taking Action: an Advocate's Guide to Assisting Victims of Financial Fraud
Taking Action An Advocate’s Guide to Assisting Victims of Financial Fraud REVISED 2018 Helping Financial Fraud Victims June 2018 Financial fraud is real and can be devastating. Fortunately, in every community there are individuals in a position to provide tangible help to victims. To assist them, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) Investor Education Foundation and the National Center for Victims of Crime joined forces in 2013 to develop Taking Action: An Advocate’s Guide to Assisting Victims of Financial Fraud. Prevention is an important part of combating financial fraud. We also know that financial fraud occurs in spite of preventive methods. When fraud occurs, victims are left to cope with the aftermath of compromised identities, damaged credit, and financial loss, and a painful range of emotions including anger, fear, and frustration. This guide gives victim advocates a roadmap for how to respond in the wake of a financial crime, from determining the type of fraud to reporting it to the proper authorities. The guide also includes case management tools for advocates, starting with setting reasonable expectations of recovery and managing the emotional fallout of financial fraud. Initially published in 2013, the guide was recently updated to include new tips and resources. Our hope is that this guide will empower victim advocates, law enforcement, regulators, and a wide range of community professionals to capably assist financial victims with rebuilding their lives. Sincerely, Gerri Walsh Mai Fernandez President Executive Director FINRA Investor Education Foundation National Center for Victims of Crime AN ADVOCATE’S GUIDE TO ASSISTING VICTIMS OF FINANCIAL FRAUD | i About Us The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a not-for-profit self-regulatory organization authorized by federal law to help protect investors and ensure the fair and honest operation of financial markets.