The Use of Regenerating Forest by Woolly Monkeys and Other Primates in Manú Learning Centre Reserve

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Use of Regenerating Forest by Woolly Monkeys and Other Primates in Manú Learning Centre Reserve The use of regenerating forest by woolly monkeys and other primates in Manú Learning Centre Reserve MSc Thesis Lucy Millington This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for MSc Primate Conservation 0 Faculty Ethics form HSS.E1 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Ethics Review Checklist This checklist should be completed by the student undertaking a research project which involves human participants and must be checked and signed by the project or dissertation supervisor. The checklist will identify whether an application for ethics approval needs to be submitted to the Faculty Research Ethics Officer. Before completing this form, you should refer to the University Code of Practice on Ethical Standards for Research involving Human Participants, available at www.brookes.ac.uk/res/ethics and to Faculty guidelines, which are included in the relevant on-line module or course handbook. You should bind a copy of the approved form in your final project or dissertation submission. As the principal researcher, you are responsible for exercising appropriate professional judgement in this review. Working Project Title: Woolly monkeys can use regenerating forest Student: Lucy Millington E-mail address: [email protected] Course/module: MSc Primate Conservation Dissertation Supervisor: Dr Giuseppe Donati E-mail address: [email protected] Yes No 1. If the study will require the cooperation of a gatekeeper for initial access to X groups or individuals to be recruited (e.g. pupils, employees of a company, members of a self-help group), will you be unable to obtain this? 2. Will the study involve discussions of or responses to questions which X participants might find sensitive? (e.g. substance abuse, traumatic experiences) 3. Could the study induce psychological stress or anxiety, or cause harm or X negative consequences, beyond the risks of everyday life? 4. If the study will involve participants who are unable to give informed consent X (e.g. children under the age of 16, people with learning disabilities), will you be unable to obtain permission from their parents or guardians (as appropriate)? 5. Are there any problems with the participants’ right to remain anonymous, or to X have the information they give not identifiable as theirs? 6. Will the study involve prolonged (more than an hour at a time) or repetitive X 1 testing? 7. Will financial inducements (other than reasonable expenses and compensation X for time) be offered to participants? 8. Will deception of participants be necessary during the study? X 9. Does the study involve access to confidential information? X 10. Is the right to withdraw from the study at anytime withheld, or not made X explicit? 11. Will the study involve NHS patients, staff, carers or premises? X If you have answered ‘yes’ to any of these questions you must submit further details of your proposal using the school ethics approval application form HSS.E2 to the Faculty Research Ethics Officer, Maggie Wilson, [email protected] A decision form, E3, will then be returned to you by e-mail. If you answered ‘yes’ to question 11, an application must be submitted to the appropriate NHS Research Ethics Committee. Please contact the FREO for guidance. If you have answered ‘no’ to all questions, give or send the completed checklist to your supervisor for signature. He or she should discuss your proposed research and the ethical implications of this. You should keep a signed copy and bind or securely fasten this in your final project or dissertation submission. Please note that even if this is the case, it is still your responsibility to follow the Code of Practice on Ethical Standards and any School or professional guidelines in the conduct of your study. NOTE: When any doubt arises in relation to the above, always forward your proposal to the Faculty Research Ethics Officer. All materials submitted will be treated confidentially. I have read and understood the University’s Code of Practice on Ethical Standards for Research involving Human Participants Signed: Supervisor Signed: Student Investigator Date: 2 Statement of Originality Except for those parts in which it is explicitly stated to the contrary, this project is my own work. It has not been submitted for any degree at this or any other academic or professional institution. ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………… Signature Date Regulations Governing the Deposit and Use of Oxford Brookes University Projects/ Dissertations 1. The “top” copies of projects/dissertations submitted in fulfilment of programme requirements shall normally be kept by the School. 2. The author shall sign a declaration agreeing that the project/ dissertation be available for reading and photocopying at the discretion of the Dean of School in accordance with 3 and 4 below. 3. The Dean of School shall safeguard the interests of the author by requiring persons who consult the project/dissertation to sign a declaration acknowledging the author’s copyright. 4. Permission for any one other then the author to reproduce or photocopy any part of the dissertation must be obtained from the Head of School who will give his/her permission for such reproduction on to an extent which he/she considers to be fair and reasonable. I agree that this dissertation may be available for reading and photocopying. ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………… Signature Date 3 Abstract The woolly monkey is perhaps the least studied species of all the Neotropical primates, and of the few studies conducted on the genus (Lagothrix), few refer to their use of different forest types. There are even fewer studies on the Geoffroy’s woolly monkey (Lagothrix cana) than on other species of the same genus, despite the fact that they are Endangered (IUCN, 2013). It is important to know what kind of forests that such an imperiled primate is able to use, in order to be able to create effective management plans, involving the protection and management of secondary forests as well as primary. This study aimed to determine whether the large-bodied frugivorous Geoffroy’s woolly monkey (Lagothrix cana) are able to use secondary forests, and to what extent. This was achieved using the line transect method and recording the position of monkeys alongside which forest type they were using at that time. We found that woolly monkeys can use regenerating forest, they were observed feeding in a disturbed area of forest on a number of occasions. There was not enough data to calculate population densities, however encounter rates were calculated using transect data for Geoffroy’s woolly monkeys (Lagothrix cana), Peruvian spider monkeys (Ateles chamek), brown titi monkeys (Callicebus brunneus), brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) and Peruvian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis). All of the species studied were observed in regenerating forest. 4 Acknowledgments Thanks to my supervisor Dr Giuseppe Donati for all of his support and guidance from the planning stage through until the writing stage. Thank you for always responding quickly to my ridiculous questions and concerns, and often at unsociable hours! Many thanks to Andy Whitworth who gave me guidance whilst in the field, helping me to develop as a researcher, and teaching about conservation as a whole, as well as answering my pleas for help after returning home! A special thanks to Ruthmery Pillco Huarcaya for all of her help in the field, her knowledge of plants is much greater than my own, and she was indispensible to me, a great assistant and friend, without her I would never have finished my data collection. I would like to thank my sponsors (Cyril Rosen via PSGB and MBZ) for their belief in me and my project, without your financial support I would not have managed to complete it. I would also like to thank my friends and family for their financial and emotional support during this course and project. Without you all, this would not have been possible. 5 Table of Contents Ethics Form 1-2 Statement of Originality 3 Abstract 4 Acknowledgements 5 Table of Contents 6-7 List of Figures and Tables 8 1. Introduction 1.1 Deforestation and Habitat Loss 9-10 1.2 Response to Habitat Modification 1.2.1 Non Primate Responses 10-11 1.2.2 Primate Responses 11-13 1.2.3. Ateline Responses 13-14 1.3 Study species 1.3.1 Woolly monkeys (Lagothrix cana) 14-17 1.3.2 Spider monkeys (Ateles chamek) 17-18 1.3.3. Brown capuchins (Cebus apella) 19 1.3.4. Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis) 20 1.3.5. Brown titis (Callicebus brunneus) 21-22 6 1.4 Aims and Objectives 22 1.5 Thesis Structure 22 2. Study Site 2.1.1 Manú National Park 23 2.1.2 Manú Learning Centre Reserve 23-24 2.1.3 Forest Types 2.2 Methods 2.2.1 Monkey distribution 29-31 2.2.2 Habitat assessment 31 3.1 Results 3.1.1 Linear encounter rates and distributions 32-39 3.1.2 Group size 39 4.1 Discussion 4.1.1 Discussion of results for woolly monkeys 39-40 4.1.2 Discussion of results for spider monkeys 41 4.1.3 Discussion of results for capuchin monkeys 41-42 4.1.4 Discussion of results for titi monkeys 42-43 4.1.5 Discussion of results for squirrel monkeys 43 4.1.6 Problems with this study 44 5.1 Conclusions 44-45 6.1 List of References 45-52 7 List of Tables and Figures List of Tables Table 1. Total transect lengths and repetitions Table 2. Transect schedule Table 3. A comparison of the mean encounter rate for each species, using data collected incidentally Table 4. A comparison of the mean group size for each species, deduced using different methodology (one collected during transects, and the other collected incidentally) Table 5.
Recommended publications
  • Peruvian Yellow-Tailed Woolly Monkey Oreonax Flavicauda (Humboldt, 1812) Peru (2000, 2006, 2008)
    Peruvian Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey Oreonax flavicauda (Humboldt, 1812) Peru (2000, 2006, 2008) Fanny M. Cornejo, Anneke M. DeLuycker, Heidi Quintana, Victor Pacheco & Eckhard W. Heymann The taxonomy of the yellow-tailed woolly monkey has been a matter of some discussion. First described as Simia flavicauda by Humboldt in 1812, it was again described by Thomas (1927a) as Lagothrix (Oreonax) hendeii a century later. Later in the same year, after receiving a new juvenile specimen, Thomas (1927b) elevated the subgenus Oreonax to full generic status. In his revision of the woolly monkeys, Fooden (1963) found that S. flavicauda and O. hendeii were actually the same species and very closed related to Lagothrix, and he thus named it Lagothrix flavicauda. Groves (2001) revised some available skulls and found it more closely related to Ateles, and consequently separated flavicauda from Lagothrix, and revived Thomas’ old genus Oreonax. Most recently, Matthews and Rosenberger (2008a, 2008b) revised Groves’ work and found evidence for a “misclassification because a heuristic measure of statistical support has without taking into account current deforested areas been misconstrued as a biological and phylogenetic and human settlements, to be 41,446 km2. In 1981, it characteristic”, and therefore argued against the was estimated that the potential forested habitat was validity of Oreonax as a genus. A more comprehensive at least 11,240 km2 and it was predicted that at least reassessment of the systematics of Lagothrix is still 1,600 km2 would be deforested for agriculture by 1991 needed, using a wider set of characters and samples, (Leo Luna 1984). With a modeled distribution using both in morphology and molecular genetics.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Litterature Review of the Spidermonkey, Ateles Sp
    A literature review of the spider monkey, Ateles sp., with special focus on risk for extinction Julia Takahashi Supervisor: Jens Jung Department of Animal Environment and Health _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet Examensarbete 2008:49 Fakulteten för veterinärmedicin och ISSN 1652-8697 husdjursvetenskap Uppsala 2008 Veterinärprogrammet Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Degree project 2008:49 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and ISSN 1652-8697 Animal Sciences Uppsala 2008 Veterinary Medicine Programme CONTENTS Sammanfattning ................................................................................................. 3 Summary ............................................................................................................ 3 Resumo .............................................................................................................. 4 Zusammenfassung ............................................................................................. 4 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 6 Taxonomy ....................................................................................................... 6 Anatomy and characteristics........................................................................... 9 Geographical distribution .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Aggressive Encounter Between Lagothrix Flavicauda and Nasua
    Neotropical Primates 24(2), December 2018 85 Gusmão, A. C., Crispim, M. A., Ferronato, M. L. and is one of the largest-bodied Neotropical primate species, Junior, J. S. S. 2014. Primatas da Reserva Particular do and is endemic to northern Peru, in a small portion of the Patrimônio Natural Água Boa, Cacoal, Rondônia, Brasil. ‘Tropical Andes biodiversity hotspot’. They live in mon- Neotrop. Primates. 21: 207–209. tane cloud forests between 1,500 and 2,700 m. a.s.l., in IUCN. 2017. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. multimale multifemale groups (up to 23 individuals). Version 2017-3. (http://www.iucnredlist.org). Accessed They are diurnal and arboreal, mainly omnivorous – with 20 December 2017. a diet including fruits, leaves, insects, petioles and other Iwanaga, S. and Ferrari, S. F. 2001. Party size and diet of plant parts (Shanee, 2014). syntopic atelids (Ateles chamek and Lagothrix cana) in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia. Folia Primatol. 72: The South American Coati (Nasua nasua: Procyonidae) is 217–227. a medium-sized and gregarious carnivore commonly found Iwanaga, S. and Ferrari, S. F. 2002a. Geographic distribu- throughout Neotropical forests (Alves-Costa et al., 2004). tion of red howlers (Alouatta seniculus) in southwestern Juveniles and females live in groups (up to 30 individu- Brazilian Amazonia, with notes on Alouatta caraya. Int. J. als) while adult males are solitary (Beisiegel, 2001). They Primatol. 23: 1245–1256. are semiarboreal (Haugaasen and Peres, 2008), mainly in- Iwanaga, S. and Ferrari, S. F. 2002b. Geographic distribu- sectivorous-frugivorous and play an important role in seed tion and abundance of woolly (Lagothrix cana) and spider dispersal and forest regeneration (Alves-Costa et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Humboldt's Woolly Monkeys Decimated by Hunting in Amazonia
    ORYX VOL 25 NO 2 APRIL 199' Humboldt's woolly monkeys decimated by hunting in Amazonia Carlos A. Peres Humboldt's woolly monkeys Lagothrix lagotricha have been systematically hunted, mostly for food, to the point of becoming locally extinct wherever humans share their habitat. Remaining populations in the extensive lowland Amazonian range of this species are restricted to remote, unflooded terra firme forests. These populations are, however, quickly wiped out once access is opened by new roads. Terra firme forests, even in entirely undisturbed sites, are seasonally far less productive and can only sustain relatively low population densities. Woolly monkeys are currently more susceptible to hunting than perhaps any other vertebrate in the New World tropics and, as such, should be regarded as highly endangered. Barrigudos (literally, 'pot-bellies')/ as woolly humans on the present status and distribution monkeys are known in Brazil, have been hunt- of woolly monkeys. ed by native Amerindians in the Amazon for Here I present evidence from surveys I have millennia. Although Friar Gaspar de Carvajal conducted on western Amazonian primate in 1542 had already reported that Amazonian communities (Peres, 1990), which include monkeys were hunted for food (Medina, woolly monkeys, in both hunted and non- 1934), Bates (1863) was the first to document hunted sites to show that humans have drasti- that 'the Barrigudo is much persecuted by the cally decimated woolly monkey populations indians, on account of the excellence of its and in most cases driven them to local extinc- flesh as food. The species is very numerous in tion. This evidence is then combined with that the forests of the higher lands, but owing to from a year-round study of an unhunted pop- long persecution, it is now seldom seen in the ulation of woolly monkeys Lagothrix lagotricha neighbourhood of the larger villages.
    [Show full text]
  • A Woolly Monkey Rediscovered in Peru Russell A
    '* A Woolly Monkey Rediscovered in Peru Russell A. Mittermeier, Hernando de Macedo Ruiz, and Anthony Luscombe The Peruvian yellow-tailed woolly monkey, last seen by scientists in 1926 and feared extinct, was rediscovered by the authors in the area of the lower Andes where it was last seen. They were able to bring back a live juvenile that was being kept as a pet, and also four skins and three skulls which they got from a hunter who had shot the animals for meat. The authors urge the need to create a reserve for this rare endemic monkey in Peru and plan further exploratory trips to decide the best area. The two species of large prehensile-tailed woolly monkeys are found primarily in the Amazon basin. Lagothrix lagothricha is divided into four subspecies, all widely distributed in the rain forests of Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia, all commonly exhibited in zoos, and all, until recently, frequently sold as pets. L. ftavicauda, the Peruvian yellow-tailed woolly monkey, how- ever, is restricted to a small area in Peru and occurs only in finger-like pro- jections of Amazon forest into the Andes. The rarest of New World monkeys, until last year it was known only from five museum specimens, the last collected in 1926. Scientists thought it might already be extinct. Early in 1974 we organised a brief expedition to the area where the last known specimens had been collected, and were able to obtain proof, in the form of four skins, three skulls and the first living specimen ever seen by members of the scientific community, that the monkey still existed.
    [Show full text]
  • Key Stage 2 Teacher Notes
    Tropical Rainforests and Us Wild About Monkeys! Conservation Crazy! Key Stage 2 Teacher Notes Contents Page 4 Aims of this pack How to use this teachers’ pack 5 Section One: Tropical Rainforests and Us 6 Learning Objectives What is a tropical rainforest? What does a Rainforest consist of? 7 The canopy The understory The forest floor 8 Climbers, epiphytes & stranglers How do people use the rainforest? 9 Who lives in the rainforest? 11 Suggested Lesson Plans Rainforest pen pals 12 How do I use the rainforest? 14 Design an Amazon animal 16 Make up a campfire story 17 Rainforest sounds 18 Additional Resources—Books and Websites 19 Section 2 - Wild About Monkeys 20 Learning Objectives 1 20 (contd.) Woolly Monkeys What is a woolly monkey and where do they come from? 21 What does a woolly monkey’s diet consist of? How do woolly monkeys play an important part in the ecosystem? 22 How are the woolly monkeys adapted for life in the treetops? What do we know about woolly monkey social structure? How do woolly monkeys communicate? 23 What threatens woolly monkeys in the wild? 25 Capuchin Monkeys What is a capuchin monkey and where do they come from? What do we know about capuchin monkey social structure? 26 What does a capuchin monkey’s diet consist of? How do capuchins communicate? What threatens capuchins in the wild? 27 Monkeys in Captivity - At the Sanctuary Why are they here? Where do they live? 28 What does their diet consist of? How large are their groups? 29 What are the problems and how are they overcome? 30 Monkey in Captivity - Primates
    [Show full text]
  • Diurnal PRIMATES of Tiputini Biodiversity Station 1 Sylvi a M
    Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Yasuní, Orellana, ECUADOR Diurnal PRIMATES of Tiputini Biodiversity Station 1 Sylvi a M. Seger ∞ Compa rative Ecology and Conservation -Ecuador, School for International Training Ph otos & text by Sylvia Seger [[email protected]] 11 /2010 © Sylvia Seger , Academic Director , Comparative Ecology and Conservation - Ecuador , School for International Training , a program of World Learning Inc . version 1 .0 Humboldt’s Common woolly monkey (chorongo) Lagothrix lagothricha poeppigii • Large, dark cinnamon to brown in color, brightly reddish in mature males, robust limbs and prehensile tail, round head, black face, darker arms. • Found in groups of 10-25, commonly 13-15. • Active brachiation noise and chirping is useful to locate. White-bellied spider monkey (makisapa) Ateles belzebuth belzebuth • Large; long, thin limbs; pelage variable: black or brown dorsal with pale/tan ventral areas & limbs. • Individual facial patterns on mohawk peak of fur on head & patches of color on forehead and/or cheeks vary. • Active, fast travelers. • Feeding groups of 2-6. • Sleeping groups of 20. • Fission-fusion social system. Red howler monkey (coto/aullador) Alouatta seniculus • Large, dark red-orange color, dog-like face, prehensile tail, males have enlarged chin. • Found in groups of 4-8 in canopy. • Slow moving, more often heard than seen. • Walk on branches. Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Yasuní, Orellana, ECUADOR Diurnal PRIMATES of Tiputini Biodiversity Station 2 Sylvia M. Seger ∞ Compa rative Ecology and Conservation -Ecuador, School for International Training Photos & text by Sylvia Seger [[email protected]] 11 /2010 © Sylvia Seger , Academic Director , Comparative Ecology and Conservation - Ecuador , School for International Training , a program of World Learning Inc .
    [Show full text]
  • Woolly Monkey Keeper Talk We Have Three Groups of Woolly Monkeys Here at the Park; Levar’S Group, Chippy’S Group and Paulo’S Group
    Monkey World – Ape Rescue Centre www.monkeyworld.org Woolly Monkey Keeper Talk We have three groups of woolly monkeys here at the park; Levar’s group, Chippy’s group and Paulo’s group. Woolly Monkeys In The Wild In the wild woolly monkeys are found in the rainforests of South America, around areas of Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil and Venezuela. They live in multi male, multi female groups which can number 40-50 individuals. This group can then divide off into smaller groups during the daytime for foraging as this reduces the competition for food. The group is headed up by one dominant male who is there to protect and lead the group, discipline individuals and diffuse any conflict within the group. Levar Chippy Paulo Here at the park, each of our groups are headed up by a single dominant male who can be recognised easily by his size difference to other individuals within the group, as they have a much larger muscle mass. Each group is named after their dominant male, who can often be seen doing some very impressive dominancy displays to show off their strength and power. Monkey World – Ape Rescue Centre www.monkeyworld.org Infants at Monkey World In Levar’s group, we have several females and youngsters as Monkey World is part of the European Endangered Species Breeding Programme (EEP) for woolly monkeys which is why we are currently actively breeding. Females reach sexual maturity around 6-7 years of age, and at this point they will leave their natal group to avoid inbreeding. Females are pregnant for around 7 and half months and will usually give birth to just one infant.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy of the Genus Brachyteles Spix, 1823 and Its Phylogenetic
    MUSEU DE ZOOLOGIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Taxonomy of the genus Brachyteles Spix, 1823 and its phylogenetic position within the subfamily Atelinae Gray, 1825 José Eduardo Serrano Villavicencio São Paulo 2016 MUSEU DE ZOOLOGIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO MASTOZOOLOGIA JOSÉ EDUARDO SERRANO VILLAVICENCIO Taxonomy of the genus Brachyteles Spix, 1823 and its phylogenetic position within the subfamily Atelinae Gray, 1825 Dissertação apresentada ao programa de Pós-Graduação do Museu de Zoologia da universidade de São Paulo para o obtenção de titulo de Mestre em Sistemática, Taxonomia Animal e Biodiversidade Orientador: Prof. Dr. Mario de Vivo São Paulo 2016 Ficha catalográfica Serrano-Villavicencio, José Eduardo Taxonomy of the genus Brachyteles Spix, 1823 and its phylogenetic position within the subfamily Atelinae Gray, 1825; orientador Mario de Vivo. – São Paulo, SP: 2016. 198 p.; 56 figs; 10 tabs. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática, Taxonomia Animal e Biodiversidade, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. 1. Brachyteles, 2. Filogenia - Brachyteles, 3. Atelinae I. Vivo, Mario de. II. Título. Banca Examinadora _______________________________ ___________________________ Prof. Dr. Prof. Dr. Instituição: Instituição: Julgamento Julgamento: _______________________________ Prof. Dr. Mario de Vivo (Orientador) Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo ©Stephen Nash Con todo mi amor para Elisa y Juan que son mi razón para jamás desistir. Nunca terminaré de agradecer cada uno de sus sacrificios. Agradecimentos Aunque la gran mayoría del presente trabajo se encuentra redactado en inglés, quise tomarme la libertad de expresar mis agradecimientos más sinceros en mi lengua materna para no dejar ningún sentimiento al aire. En primer lugar, me gustaría agradecer a mi orientador Mario de Vivo quien se arriesgó a aceptar un desconocido biólogo peruano sin mayor experiencia.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of the Peruvian Yellow-Tailed Woolly Monkey Lagothrix Flavicauda in the Región Junín, Peru
    First record of the Peruvian yellow-tailed woolly monkey Lagothrix flavicauda in the Región Junín, Peru S EAN M. MC H UGH,FANNY M. CORNEJO,JASMINA M C K IBBEN,MELISSA Z ARATE C ARLOS T ELLO,CARLOS F. JIMÉNEZ and C HRISTOPHER A. SCHMITT Abstract The Critically Endangered Peruvian yellow-tailed Cornejo et al., ). Research on L. flavicauda has focused woolly monkey Lagothrix flavicauda was presumed to only on sparse museum and genetic samples to elucidate its taxo- occur in the tropical montane cloud forests between the nomic placement. Phenetic and morphological analyses had Marañón and Huallaga rivers in northern Peru. Here we placed it in the monospecific genus Oreonax (Thomas, ; report the discovery of a population to the south of its Groves, ), or as a sister species to the other woolly previously known range, in the Región Junín. During monkeys in the genus Lagothrix (Fooden, ; Matthews September–December we carried out transect surveys & Rosenberger, ; Rosenberger & Matthews, ). to record large mammals present near the village of San Recent molecular genetic analyses support the latter (Ruiz- Antonio in the district of Pampa Hermosa, at ,–, m Garcia et al., ; Di Fiore et al., ). Knowledge of altitude. We recorded five primate species during transect this species comes mainly from long-term study sites in surveys. Lagothrix flavicauda was seen four times, and remnant high-elevation tropical Andean forests in the appeared phenotypically distinct from populations to the Región Amazonas and Región San Martín in Peru (Graves north, with notable white patches above each eye and a &O’Neil, ; Leo Luna, , ; Butchart et al., ; reduced yellow patch at the end of the tail.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Inspected at Last Inspection
    United States Department of Agriculture Customer: 3141 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Inspection Date: 05-JUN-14 Animal Inspected at Last Inspection Cust No Cert No Site Site Name Inspection 3141 61-C-0106 001 LOUISVILLE ZOOLOGICAL 05-JUN-14 GARDEN Count Species 000001 Afro-Australian fur seal 000001 Harbor seal 000002 Pygmy hippopotamus 000003 Guanaco 000006 Red-necked wallaby 000006 Slender-tailed meerkat 000002 Jaguar 000002 Cotton-top tamarin 000004 European polecat 000003 Babirusa 000033 Common vampire bat 000001 Asiatic elephant 000001 African elephant 000046 Black-footed ferret 000011 Rodrigues flying fox 000001 Maned wolf 000001 Addra gazelle 000001 Prehensile-tailed porcupine 000003 Dromedary camel 000002 Southern three-banded armadillo 000002 Lion 000005 California sealion 000004 Mountain zebra 000001 Puma/mountain lion/cougar 000001 Snow leopard 000003 Domesticated Guinea pig 000013 Gorilla 000001 Woolly monkey 000002 African wild ass 000002 Malayan tapir 000003 Brown bear 000002 Black-footed cat 000001 Ocelot 000004 Tiger 000004 Orangutan 000002 Polar bear 000002 Goat 000003 Siamang 000004 Bongo 000025 Naked mole-rat Count Species 000001 Ruffed lemur 000003 Patas monkey 000002 Warthog 000002 White rhinoceros 000004 Giraffe 000005 Addax 000007 Hill wallaroo 000003 Rock hyrax 000003 Chinchilla 000003 Ring-tailed lemur 000003 European rabbit 000001 Dumbo Rat 000005 Four-toed hedgehog 000256 Total United States Department of Agriculture Customer: 3141 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Inspection Date: 10-MAR-14
    [Show full text]
  • Development of a Wild Infant Woolly Monkey Social Interactions, Time
    SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2017 Development of a Wild Infant Woolly Monkey Social interactions, time allocation and behavior of a wild Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii infant and her mother Saba Zewdie SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Environmental Health Commons, Latin American Studies Commons, Population Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Zewdie, Saba, "Development of a Wild Infant Woolly Monkey Social interactions, time allocation and behavior of a wild Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii infant and her mother" (2017). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 2599. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/2599 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Development of a Wild Infant Woolly Monkey Social interactions, time allocation and behavior of a wild Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii infant and her mother Zewdie, Saba Academic Director: Silva, Xavier Project Advisor: Vargas, Héctor Whitman College Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology South America, Ecuador, Orellana Province, Sumak Allpa Island Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requierments of Ecuador Comparative Ecology and Conservation Program SIT Study Abroad Spring 2017 ABSTRACT The lowland woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii), like all species of woolly monkey, is extremely threatened due to anthropologic activities such as deforestation, petroleum drilling and commercial hunting across their habitat.
    [Show full text]