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CHLOROPROPHAM CASRN: 101-21-3 For other data, click on the Table of Contents

Human Health Effects:

Evidence for Carcinogenicity:

Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: No adequate data. 2) evidence in animals: Inadequate data. Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. /From table/ [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. S7 60 (1987)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Human Toxicity Excerpts:

HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES POISONED WITH CHLORPROPHAM SHOWED ANOMALIES OF TUBULAR STRUCTURES, CHROMOSOMES & MEMBRANES. AUTHORS HYPOTHESIZE THAT THESE CHANGES ARE DUE TO PROGRESSIVE REDN OF DNA SYNTH AS FUNCTION OF CONCN OF HERBICIDE WITH CONCURRENT EFFECT ON PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. [MICHEL R ET AL; CR SEANCES SOC BIOL PARIS 174 (2): 176-83 (1980)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:

Mild irritant. [Morgan, D.P. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings. EPA 540/9-80-005. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1982. 83]**PEER REVIEWED**

Probable Routes of Human Exposure: Farm workers who apply chlorpropham are the most likely to be exposed to it(SRC). Judging from the formulation and use of the herbicide in the field, the most probable routes of exposure to chlorpropham would be inhalation and dermal contact(1,SRC). [(1) WSSA; Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Science Society of America. 6th ed. Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America pp. 57-60 (1989)]**PEER REVIEWED**

... A day's ration /of potatoes/ for an average adult contains 23 ug of the herbicide chloropropham which is rarely found in other foods. [Hayes, W.J., Jr., E.R. Laws Jr., (eds.). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology Volume 1. General Principles. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc., 1991. 247]**PEER REVIEWED**

Average Daily Intake:

The daily dietary intakes (ug/kg body wt/day) of chlorpropham in US population were as follows: 1971, 0.01; 1972, 0.3; 1973, 0.4; 1974, 0.1; 1975, 0.3 and 1976, 0.09(1). During these years, chlorpropham was infrequently found in fruits and vegetables(1). The daily dietary intake of chlorpropham (ug/kg body wt/day) in different age and sex groups in the US in 1988 were as follows: 6-11 mo, 0.164; 14-16 yr male, 0.214; and 60- 65 yr female, 0.098 (2). The daily dietary intakes for the corresponding group of population were 0.270, 0.454 and 0.150 in 1989(3) and 0.232, 0.386 and 0.182 in 1990(4). [(1) Duggan RE et al; Residue Monitoring Data. Pesticide Residue Levels in Foodsin the United States from July 1, 1969 to June 30, 1976, Washington,DC: Food and Drug Administration p. 2 (1983) (2) FDA; J Assoc Off Anal Chem 72: 133A-152A (1989) (3) FDA; J Assoc Off Anal Chem 73: 127A-146A (1990) (4) FDA; J Assoc Off Anal Chem 74: 121A-141A (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Emergency Medical Treatment:

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The following Overview, *** CARBAMATE HERBICIDES AND FUNGICIDES ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. Life Support:

o This overview assumes that basic life support measures have been instituted. Clinical Effects:

0.2.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE 0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Exposure to these agents does not result in cholinergic findings. Historically, systemic poisoning by these agents has been very rare. Reported toxic manifestations have included CNS depression, seizures, extrapyramidal effects, neuropathy, and gastrointestinal effects of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. B) These agents are often compounded with hydrocarbon-based solvents, which may be responsible for toxicity. 0.2.5 CARDIOVASCULAR 0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) A disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, sweating, headache, weakness, tachycardia and hypotension) may be noted when ethanol is ingested following exposure to large amounts of thiram or possibly MBDT-CARB compounds. 1) The disulfiram-like reaction following ethanol ingestion does not appear to occur with the CARB, T-CARB, or the EBDT-CARB compounds. 0.2.6 RESPIRATORY 0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Respiratory failure, requiring ventilatory support, has been reported following ingestions. 0.2.7 NEUROLOGIC 0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Exposure to thiram or MBDT-CARB (based on animal studies) may cause weakness, ataxia, ascending paralysis and hypothermia. B) Peripheral neuropathy (pain, numbness and weakness of the extremities) has been noted following exposure to thiuram (the ethyl analog of thiram). 0.2.8 GASTROINTESTINAL 0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea may occur. 0.2.10 GENITOURINARY 0.2.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Two cases of renal failure following maneb exposure have been reported in Japan. 0.2.14 DERMATOLOGIC 0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Exposure to dusts, sprays, solutions, wettable powder suspensions or emulsions of these agents may lead to skin and mucous membrane irritation. 0.2.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS A) No adverse reproductive effects (testicular parameters) in male mice were observed following methyl thiophanate doses up to 1000 mg/kg orally for 5 consecutive days (Traina et al, 1998). Maternal toxicity was evident in female rats. 0.2.21 CARCINOGENICITY 0.2.21.1 IARC CATEGORY A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS137-26-8 (IARC, 2004): 1) IARC Classification a) Listed as: Thiram b) Carcinogen Rating: 3 1) The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category. 0.2.22 GENOTOXICITY A) Neither PROPOXUR nor DITHANE M-45 was clastogenic in mice (Vasudev & Krishnamurthy, 1994). B) ETU is not believed to be genotoxic to mammals (Elia et al, 1995). Laboratory:

A) Blood levels are not clinically useful. B) No specific laboratory work (CBC, electrolytes, urinalysis) is needed unless otherwise indicated, ie, severe vomiting and diarrhea, etc. Treatment Overview:

0.4.2 ORAL EXPOSURE A) EMESIS: Ipecac-induced emesis is not recommended because of the potential for CNS depression and seizures. B) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old. C) GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first. 1) CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion. D) INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS may be useful in restoring extracellular fluid volume following severe vomiting and diarrhea. E) OXYGEN THERAPY is effective in relieving the distress of ANTABUSE-LIKE REACTIONS rarely associated with exposure to thiram and possibly the MBDT-CARB compounds. F) NO SPECIFIC ANTIDOTES ARE AVAILABLE for poisoning by these compounds. G) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old. 0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. 0.4.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE A) OVERVIEW 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. Range of Toxicity:

A) Persons sensitive to thiram may develop dermal reactions following minimal exposure. With this exception, systemic toxicity of these compounds is generally low. B) LD50 values range from 400 mg/kg (nabam and diallate) to 34,000 mg/kg for terbucarb.

[Rumack BH POISINDEX(R) Information System Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2004; CCIS Volume 122, edition expires Nov, 2004. Hall AH & Rumack BH (Eds): TOMES(R) Information System Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2004; CCIS Volume 122, edition expires Nov, 2004.]**PEER REVIEWED**

Antidote and Emergency Treatment:

1. SKIN CONTAMINATION SHOULD BE REMOVED PROMPTLY BY WASHING WITH SOAP AND WATER. CONTAMINATION OF THE EYES SHOULD BE TREATED IMMEDIATELY BY PROLONGED FLUSHING OF THE EYES WITH COPIOUS AMOUNTS OF CLEAN WATER. IF DERMAL OR OCULAR IRRITATION PERSISTS, MEDICAL ATTENTION SHOULD BE OBTAINED WITHOUT DELAY. /OTHER HERBICIDES/ [MORGAN DP; RECOGNITION AND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDE POISONINGS. 4TH ED, P.87 EPA 540/9-88-001. WASHINGTON, DC: U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, MARCH 1989]**PEER REVIEWED**

2. INGESTIONS OF THESE HERBICIDES ARE LIKELY TO BE FOLLOWED BY VOMITING AND DIARRHEA DUE TO THE IRRITANT PROPERTIES OF MOST OF THE TOXICANTS. ... A. IF LARGE AMOUNTS OF HERBICIDE HAVE BEEN INGESTED, AND IF THE PATIENT IS FULLY ALERT, INDUCE EMESIS WITH SYRUP OF IPECAC, FOLLOWED BY SEVERAL GLASSES OF WATER. DOSAGE FOR ADULTS AND CHILDREN OVER 12 YEARS: 30 ML; DOSAGE FOR CHILDREN UNDER 12 YEARS 15 ML. WHEN VOMITING HAS STOPPED, GIVE ACTIVATED CHARCOAL. ADD SORBITOL TO THE CHARCOAL SLURRY UNLESS DIARRHEA HAS ALREADY COMMENCED. IF, FOR SOME REASON, THE PATIENT IS NOT FULLY ALERT, PUT IN PLACE A CUFFED ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE TO PROTECT THE AIRWAY, THEN ASPIRATE AND LAVAGE THE STOMACH WITH A SLURRY OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL. LEAVE A QUANTITY OF CHARCOAL, WITH SORBITOL, IN THE STOMACH BEFORE WITHDRAWING THE STOMACH TUBE. REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF CHARCOAL AT HALF OR MORE THE INITIAL DOSAGE EVERY 2-4 HOURS MAY BE BENEFICIAL. /OTHER HERBICIDES/ [MORGAN DP; RECOGNITION AND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDE POISONINGS. 4TH ED, P.88 EPA540/9-88-001. WASHINGTON, DC: U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, MARCH 1989]**PEER REVIEWED**

2. B. IF THE AMOUNT OF INGESTED HERBICIDES WAS SMALL, IF EFFECTIVE EMESIS HAS ALREADY OCCURRED, OR IF TREATMENT IS DELAYED, ADMINISTER THE ACTIVATED CHARCOAL AND SORBITOL BY MOUTH. C. IF SERIOUS DEHYDRATION AND ELECTROLYTE DEPLETION HAVE OCCURRED AS A RESULT OF VOMITING AND DIARRHEA, MONITOR BLOOD ELECTROLYTES AND AND FLUID BALANCE AND ADMINISTER INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS OF GLUCOSE, NORMAL SALINE RINGER'S SOLUTION, OR RINGER'S LACTATE TO RESTORE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME AND ELECTROLYTES. FOLLOW THIS WITH ORAL NUTRIENTS AS SOON AS FLUIDS CAN BE RETAINED. FLUIDS SERVE TO SUPPORT EXCRETION OF THE TOXICANTS. D. SUPPORTIVE MEASURES ARE ORDINARILY SUFFICIENT FOR SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF EXCESSIVE EXPOSURES TO THESE HERBICIDES. /OTHER HERBICIDES/ [MORGAN DP; RECOGNITION AND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDE POISONINGS. 4TH ED, P.88 EPA540/9-88-001. WASHINGTON, DC: U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, MARCH 1989]**PEER REVIEWED**

Animal Toxicity Studies:

Evidence for Carcinogenicity:

Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: No adequate data. 2) evidence in animals: Inadequate data. Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. /From table/ [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. S7 60 (1987)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:

ATAXIA, USE OF WINGS TO AID LOCOMOTION FROM 5TH TO 8TH DAY AFTER ADMIN. /FEMALE MALLARD DUCKS, MORE THAN 2000 MG/KG ORALLY/ [U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Toxicity of Pesticides to Wildlife. Resource Publication 153. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984. 24]**PEER REVIEWED** CHLORPROPHAM INHIBITS SPINDLE FIBER FORMATION & INDUCES CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS IN PLANTS & CHLOROPHYLL MUTATIONS IN BARLEY. PETITE MUTATIONS WERE INDUCED IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; BUT NO REVERSE MUTATIONS WERE DETECTED IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS OR IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM. [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. V12 62 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

GROUPS OF 18 MALE AND 18 FEMALE (C57BL/6XC3H/ANF) F1 MICE AND 18 MALE AND FEMALE(C57BL/6XAKR) F1 MICE RECEIVED COMMERCIAL CHLOROPROPHAM (98.5% PURE) ... 464 MG/KG BODY WT IN GELATINE AT 7 DAYS OF AGE BY STOMACH TUBE & SAME AMT ... DAILY UP TO 4 WK OF AGE ... /THEN/ 1112 MG CHLOROPROPHAM/KG OF DIET. ... TUMOR INCIDENCES WERE COMPARED ... /WITH CONTROLS/: INCIDENCES WERE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER ... FOR ANY TUMOR TYPE ... . [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. V12 58 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

GROUPS OF 18 MALE AND 18 FEMALE (C57BL/6XC3H/ANF) F1 MICE AND 18 MALE AND 18 FEMALE (C57BL/6XAKR) F1 MICE WERE GIVEN SINGLE SC INJECTIONS OF 1000 MG/KG BODY WT COMMERCIAL CHLOROPROPHAM (98.5% PURE) IN DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE ON 28TH DAY OF LIFE & WERE OBSERVED ... UNTIL @ 78 WK OF AGE. ... INCIDENCES WERE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY INCR FOR ANY TUMOR TYPE /COMPARED TO CONTROLS/ ... (NTIS,/1968) [WORKING GROUP NOTED THAT NEG RESULT OBTAINED WITH SINGLE SC INJECTION MAY NOT BE ADEQUATE BASIS FOR DISCOUNTING CARCINOGENICITY]. [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. V12 60 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

FISH WERE NOT AFFECTED BY CONCN OF 5 MG/L. [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 177]**PEER REVIEWED**

A GROUP OF 23 MALE AND 26 FEMALE HAMSTERS WAS GIVEN 2000 MG CHLOROPROPHAM (... CONTAINING 30-40 MG/KG CHLOROANILINE) PER KG OF DIET FOR 33 MO; CONTROL/S/ ... RECEIVED BASAL DIET. AFTER 2 YR, 1 TREATED FEMALE, 1 CONTROL FEMALE, 13 TREATED MALES & 14 CONTROL MALES WERE ALIVE. BILE DUCT HYPERPLASIA IN LIVER WAS OBSERVED IN 19 TREATED ANIMALS & IN 28 CONTROLS. [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. V12 59 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

NO INCREASE OVER BACKGROUND FINDINGS WAS NOTED FOR CHLORPROPHAM AT FULL STRENGTH OR AS DILUTED SOLN IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM TESTER STRAINS TA 1535, 1537, 1538, 98 & 100 WITH OR WITHOUT 59. [EISENBEIS SJ ET AL; SOIL SCI 131 (1): 44-7 (1981)]**PEER REVIEWED**

CHLORPROPHAM DID NOT CAUSE POINT MUTATIONS WITH 8 HISTIDINE- REQUIRING MUTANTS OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM. [ANDERSEN KJ ET AL; J AGRIC FOOD CHEM 20: 649-56 (1972)]**PEER REVIEWED**

SOME ... EVIDENT PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS ... IN INTACT PLANTS ARE ROOT & EPICOTYL GROWTH INHIBITION & SUPPRESSION OF TRANSPIRATION & RESP. AMONG ITS ACTIONS AT CELLULAR LEVEL, CHLORPROPHAM DISRUPTS NORMAL CELL DIVISION, STRONGLY INHIBITS RNA & PROTEIN SYNTH, INTERFERES WITH OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS ... . [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 105]**PEER REVIEWED**

CHLORPROPHAM INHIBITED CHLORELLA ELLIPSOIDEA GROWTH BY 50% AT 1.3 UMOL UNDER NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC CONDITIONS. IN CELL CYCLE STUDIES PERFORMED UNDER PHOTOSYNTHETIC CONDITIONS, 50% INHIBITION OF GROWTH OCCURRED AT 4 UMOL. [SUMIDA S ET AL; PLANT CELL PHYSIOL 18 (1): 9-16 (1977)]**PEER REVIEWED**

NO DEATHS OR MICROPATHOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES OCCURRED FROM FEEDING CHLORPROPHAM @ LEVELS UP TO 2% IN DIET OF ALBINO RATS FOR PERIOD OF 90 DAYS. IN MORE THAN 5 INDEPENDENT TESTS USING ... RATS /&/ BEAGLE DOGS ... IN LENGTH OF TEST FROM 12 MO FOR BEAGLE DOGS ... NO EFFECTS OF TREATMENT, INCL CO-CARCINOGENIC & CARCINOGENIC PROPERTIES WERE OBSERVED IN ANIMALS RECEIVING UP TO 0.2% CHLORPROPHAM IN THEIR DIETS. THREE GENERATION STUDIES WITH ALBINO RATS GAVE NO EVIDENCE OF TERATOLOGIC CHANGES IN ANY PROGENY. NO-EFFECT LEVEL FOR THREE GENERATION REPRODUCTION STUDY ... /LIES/ BETWEEN 0.2% & 0.5% FEEDING LEVEL. ... HYPOACTIVITY, RUFFED FUR, MUSCULAR WEAKNESS, PROSTRATION, & CONVULSIONS ... IN RATS FED HIGH LEVELS ... IN ACUTE ORAL TESTS. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 106]**PEER REVIEWED** ... No toxic effects when applied to shaved rabbits for 24 hr ... . [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982. 122]**PEER REVIEWED**

Following admin of single /oral/ toxic doses of chlorpropham to lab animals, initial symptoms incl listlessness, ataxia, epistaxis, exophthalmos, hemodacryorrhea hemorhinorrhea. These progressed to dyspnea, prostration, anuria, glycosuria, proteinuria, hyperthermia, and death. Autopsy findings showed gastroenteritis with occasional congestion of brain, lungs and other organs. Stress response was evident in adrenal, thymus and spleen, while degenerative changes were seen in kidney and liver. [Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-326]**PEER REVIEWED**

Rats receiving 2000 mg/kg diet showed no ill effect in 2 yr feeding trials. Fish were not affected by concentrations of 5 mg/l. [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 177]**PEER REVIEWED**

Acer cell suspension cultures were used as a tool for studying the possible specific inhibitory effect on mitosis of several N-phenylcarbamates. The existence of a specific mitosis inhibition was shown by several criteria: the increase in the number of cells in the culture was blocked, but the cells remained alive and their size was greatly enlarged with a concurrent increase in their dry weight and in their protein content. Among the studied carbamates, chlorpropham was also a specific inhibitor of mitosis at concn between 10 and 50 uM, but induced other phytotoxic effects at higher concn. [Nurit F et al; Pestic Biochem Physiol 35 (3): 203-10 (1989)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Non-Human Toxicity Values:

LD50 Rabbit oral 5000 mg/kg [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.,p. A087/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Mallard duck oral greater than 2000 mg/kg [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.,p. A087/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Rat oral 3800 mg/kg [Farm Chemicals Handbook 1992. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1992.,p. C- 80]**PEER REVIEWED** LC50 Rat oral 1200 mg/kg [Sittig, M. (ed.) Pesticide Manufacturing and Toxic Materials Control Encyclopedia. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Data Corporation. 1980. 198]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Rat ip 700 mg/kg [Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials Reports. New York: Van Nostrand Rheinhold, 1987. 59]**PEER REVIEWED**

Ecotoxicity Values:

TLM Bass 10 ppm/48 HR /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 106]**PEER REVIEWED**

TLM Sunfish 12 ppm/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 106]**PEER REVIEWED**

Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:

Metabolism/Metabolites:

IN RATS, MOST IMPORTANT METABOLIC TRANSFORMATION OF CHLOROPROPHAM IS HYDROXYLATION IN THE PARA-POSITION & CONJUGATION OF THE RESULTING 4-HYDROXYCHLOROPROPHAM WITH SULFATE. HYDROXYLATION OF THE ISOPROPYL RESIDUE ACCOUNTS FOR ABOUT 1/3 OF THE METABOLISM OF THIS HERBICIDE. ... APPROX 4 TIMES MORE MONOHYDROXY CMPD THAN DIHYDROXY CMPD WERE DETECTED. CMPD UNDERGOES FURTHER OXIDN ... HYDROLYTIC FISSION ... YIELDS META-CHLOROANILINE, CARBON DIOXIDE & ISOPROPANOL, WHICH IS FURTHER OXIDIZED TO ACETONE & CARBON DIOXIDE. HYDROXYLATION OF ... META-CHLOROANILINE ALSO TAKES PLACE TO GIVE N-ACETYL-4- AMINO-2-CHLOROPHENOL ... PLUS N-ACETYL-2-AMINO-4- CHLOROPHENOL ... . [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. V12 62 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

... IT WAS ... SUGGESTED THAT CHLORPROPHAM ... METABOLIZED DIFFERENTLY BETWEEN SENSITIVE & RESISTANT PLANTS. ... INTACT CARBAMATES /FOUND/ IN SENSITIVE PLANTS ... WERE NOT OBSERVED IN RESISTANT PLANT. [Kearney, P.C., and D. D. Kaufman (eds.) Herbicides: Chemistry, Degredation and Mode of Action. Volumes 1 and 2. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975. 654]**PEER REVIEWED**

THREE MAJOR METABOLITES ... ISOLATED & IDENTIFIED FROM SOYBEAN PLANTS. THEY ARE ISOPROPYL N-5-CHLORO-2- HYDROXYPHENYLCARBAMATE, ISOPROPYL N-4-HYDROXY-3- CHLOROPHENYLCARBAMATE, & 1-HYDROXY-2-PROPYL-3'- CHLOROCARBANILATE. ONLY ISOPROPYL-4-HYDROXY-3- CHLOROPHENYLCARBAMATE FOUND AS METABOLITE ... IN CUCUMBER. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 104]**PEER REVIEWED**

YIELDS ISOPROPYL 3-CHLORO-6-HYDROXYCARBANILIDE IN SOYBEANS. /FROM TABLE/ [Goodwin, B.L. Handbook of Intermediary Metabolism of Aromatic Compounds. New York: Wiley, 1976.,p. I-17]**PEER REVIEWED**

ALFALFA WAS ROOT-TREATED WITH CIPC. ANALYSES OF ROOT & SHOOT TISSUES INDICATED PRESENCE OF TWO AGLYCONES. AFTER HYDROLYSIS, 2-HYDROXY-CIPC WAS FOUND IN ROOT & SHOOTS, 5.1 & 51.3%, RESPECTIVELY. 4-HYDROXY-CIPC WAS ALSO FOUND, 26.4 & 17.6% IN SHOOTS & ROOTS, RESPECTIVELY. ... ALFALFA ... TREATED WITH CHLORPROPHAM-PHENYL-(14)C CONTAINED CHLORPROPHAM & GLYCOSIDE CONJUGATES OF 2-HYDROXY-CIPC. ... /WHEN FED TO RATS & SHEEP/ SULFATE & GLUCURONIC ACID CONJUGATES WERE PRESENT IN URINE OF BOTH ... 2-HYDROXY-CIPC SULFATE APPEARED IN SHEEP URINE. GLUCURONIDE OR SULFATE CONJUGATES OF 2-HYDROXY-5- CHLOROACETANILIDE AND 4-HYDROXY-3-CHLOROACETANILIDE WERE FOUND IN RAT URINE. [Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides, Update II. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report - Wildlife No. 2l2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978.81]**PEER REVIEWED**

HYDROLYSIS OF CARBAMATE LINKAGE OCCURRED IN NEOMYCIN TREATED RATS, & IN VITRO INVESTIGATION SUGGESTED THAT LIVER IS SITE OF HYDROLYSIS. [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. V12 61 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

FOLLOWING ORAL ADMIN ... TO RATS, RENAL EXCRETION WAS FOLLOWED. ... ALTHOUGH THE EXPECTED HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS WERE NOT FOUND FREE, N-ACETYL HYDROXYL ANALOGS WERE EXCRETED & IDENTIFIED. THE 1-CARBETHOXY CMPD & A METABOLITE BELIEVED TO BE 1-HYDROXYPROPYL-2-N-(3-CHLORO-4-HYDROXYPHENYL) CARBAMATE WAS FOUND ... AFTER ROOT TREATMENT OF SOYBEAN PLANTS WITH CIPC, POLAR METABOLITES OF CIPC FROM ROOT & SHOOT TISSUES WERE ISOLATED & PURIFIED. DATA SHOWED MAJOR ROOT METABOLITE WAS O- GLUCOSIDE OF 2-HYDROXY CIPC. THIS WAS ALSO FOUND IN SHOOTS ... . [Menzie, C. M. Metabolism of Pesticides, An Update. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish, Wild-life Service, Special Scientific Report - Wildlife No. 184, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, l974.106]**PEER REVIEWED**

HPLC was used to quantify the metabolism of free chloropham and its metabolites in isolated rat hepatocyte incubations. ... The optimum detector wavelength was 240 nm. Each cmpd was characterized by MS. The cellular fraction retained the unmetabolized herbicide a great deal longer than the other compounds. ... Unmetabolized chloropham accounted for 33% of the cmpds, while 35% and 20% were found as sulfoconjugates and glucuronoconjugates of 4-hydroxy-chloropham, respectively. Only 3% was found as free 4-hydroxy derivative, and 10% was metabolized to 3-chloroaniline which was broken down to 3-chloroacetanilide. [Alary J et al; J Liq Chrom 9 (16): 3597-606 (1986)]**PEER REVIEWED**

The aromatic moeity of chloropham is hydroxylated in soybeans and the corresponding O-glucosides ... are identified as polar metabolites. The O-glucoside of 2- hydroxychloropham is the predominant polar metabolite in roots. [Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984.,p. V12 323 (1980)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Soybeans were grown in the presence of (14)C CIPC. Polar extracts of shoots, when subjected to alkaline hydrolysis, yielded some 3chloroaniline. Analyses also showed the presence of 1-OH-CIPC. When grown in soil, soybeans metabolized CIPC primarily by alkyl hydroxylation and only small amounts of 2-OH- and 4-OH-CIPC were formed. In hydroponic culture, metabolism was primarily to aryl hydroxylated metabolites. In oats, the 4-OH-CIPC formed is converted to an S-cysteinyl hydroxychlorpropham. [Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides, Update II. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report - Wildlife No. 2l2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978.82]**PEER REVIEWED**

Alfalfa, which had been root-treated with chlorpropham-phenyl-14(C), contained chlorpropham and glycoside conjugates of 2-OH-CIPC and 4-OH-CIPC. This plant material was fed to rats and a sheep. Little difference was observed in metabolite patterns in urine and feces of the sheep and rats. Sulfate and glucuronic acid conjugates were present in urine from both rat and sheep. The 4-OH-CIPC and 2-OHCIPC conjugates were most abundant. The 2-OH-CIPC sulfate appeared in sheep urine. Glucuronide or sulfate conjugates of 2-OH-5-chloroacetanilide and 4-OH-3-chloroacetanilide were found in rat urine. [Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides, Update II. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report - Wildlife No. 2l2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978.81]**PEER REVIEWED** PLANT METABOLISM OF CARBANILATE HERBICIDES HAS BEEN SHOWN TO INVOLVE ARYL HYDROXYLATION AND CONJUGATION INSTEAD OF HYDROLYSIS. /CARBANILATE HERBICIDES/ [Kearney, P.C., and D. D. Kaufman (eds.) Herbicides: Chemistry, Degredation and Mode of Action. Volumes 1 and 2. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975. 655]**PEER REVIEWED**

In order to investigate the various steps of chlorpropham metabolism which could be influenced by cadmium, isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated in the presence of chlorpropham (0.1 mM) and of increasing cadmium concn (0-180 uM). The results showed that cadmium accumulation in hepatocytes was in good correlation to its concn in the incubation medium. At 90 uM cadmium, hydroxylation of chlorpropham was only slightly decreased by 30%, while chlorpropham hydrolysis into 3-chloraniline was unaffected by the presence of cadmium. Accordingly, unchanged chlorpropham increased in hepatocytes. At 27 uM cadmium, free 4-hydroxychlorpropham increased in the intracellular medium as a consequence of a strong suppression of both sulfation and glucuronidation which was related to the strong depletion of the intracellular adenosine triphosphate level under the combined influences of both cadmium and free 4- hydroxychloropropham. Acetylation of 3-chloroaniline, which represents a minor pathway of chlorpropham metabolism, was already markedly suppressed (43%) with the lowest cadmium concn (27 uM). These in vitro results suggest that Phase II reactions are more sensitive to cadmium than Phase I processes and that cadmium enhanced the chloropropham cytotoxicity as shown by alterations of the membrane integrity. [Alary J et al; Toxicol 59 (2): 211-23 (1989)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Absorption, Distribution & Excretion:

AFTER ORAL OR IP ADMIN OF (14)C ISOPROPYL & (14)C RING-LABELLED CHLOROPROPHAM TO RATS, 4 DAY URINARY EXCRETIONS WERE 50 & 85% OF DOSE, RESPECTIVELY FOR TWO SITES OF LABELLING; IN CASE OF ISOPROPYL-LABELLED CMPD, AN ADDNL 17-20% OF DOSE WAS EXCRETED AS CO2 VIA LUNGS. ... WHEN PREGNANT RATS WERE GIVEN (14)C CHLOROPROPHAM, RADIOACTIVITY WAS READILY TRANSFERRED TO FETUSES, & ITS LEVEL DID NOT DECLINE IN FETAL TISSUES AS RAPIDLY AS IT DID IN MATERNAL ORGANS. PUPS OF LACTATING RATS THAT WERE GIVEN LABELLED CHLOROPROPHAM ALSO CONTAINED RADIOACTIVITY. [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. V12 61 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

CHLORPROPHAM OR ITS METABOLITES ARE READILY TRANSPORTED ACROPETALLY FOLLOWING ROOT ABSORPTION & MAY BE TRANSPORTED BASIPETALLY FROM FOLIAR APPLICATION IN SOME PLANTS. ... POLAR METABOLITES ARE NOT TRANSLOCATED ONCE THEY ARE FORMED IN EITHER ROOTS OR SHOOTS. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 104]**PEER REVIEWED**

CHLORPROPHAM IS ABSORBED THROUGH COLEOPTILES OF EMERGING GRASS SEEDLINGS & THROUGH ROOTS OF OLDER PLANTS. IT MAY ALSO BE ABSORBED SLOWLY THROUGH LEAVES, & FOLIAR ABSORPTION CAN BE ENHANCED WITH ISOPARAFFINIC OIL CARRIER. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 103]**PEER REVIEWED**

IN WISTAR RATS GIVEN SINGLE ORAL DOSE OF LABELED CHLORPROPHAM AVG URINARY EXCRETIONS OF RADIOACTIVITY WERE 55.9% & 82.6% OF CHAIN (14)C CIPC & RING (14)C CIPC. WITH CHAIN CIPC 35.4 + OR - 7.5% OF ADMIN DOSE WAS EXCRETED IN RESPIRED AIR. [FANG SC ET AL; PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYSIOL 4 (1): 1-11 (1974)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Dermal absorption is not significant. [Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-327]**PEER REVIEWED**

Pharmacology:

Environmental Fate & Exposure:

Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary:

Chlorpropham is a herbicide used on several crops to control annual grasses and many broad-leaved weeds. The release of chlorpropham in the environment occurs during its manufacture and particularly from its use in the field. Chlorpropham adsorbs strongly to soil and clays and will exhibit low mobility in soil. In soil, chlorpropham is transformed primarily by biodegradation. The half-life of chlorpropham from field soil is about 30 days. If released in water, chlorpropham will adsorb strongly to sediment and particulate matter in the water column. Although a slow process, biodegradation should be the major pathway for degradation. Loss of chlorpropham due to hydrolysis, photolysis and volatilization should not be important loss processes. Chlorpropham will not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. In the atmosphere, chlorpropham will react with hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 5.5 hrs. Partial removal of atmospheric chlorpropham will also occur by dry and wet deposition. Chlorpropham has been infrequently detected in groundwater around sprayed farmlands. Workers who apply chlorpropham are the most likely people to be exposed to chlorpropham. Exposure would be expected by inhalation and dermal contact. The general population may be exposed to low levels of chlorpropham in food. (SRC) **PEER REVIEWED**

Probable Routes of Human Exposure:

Farm workers who apply chlorpropham are the most likely to be exposed to it(SRC). Judging from the formulation and use of the herbicide in the field, the most probable routes of exposure to chlorpropham would be inhalation and dermal contact(1,SRC). [(1) WSSA; Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Science Society of America. 6th ed. Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America pp. 57-60 (1989)]**PEER REVIEWED**

... A day's ration /of potatoes/ for an average adult contains 23 ug of the herbicide chloropropham which is rarely found in other foods. [Hayes, W.J., Jr., E.R. Laws Jr., (eds.). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology Volume 1. General Principles. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc., 1991. 247]**PEER REVIEWED**

Average Daily Intake:

The daily dietary intakes (ug/kg body wt/day) of chlorpropham in US population were as follows: 1971, 0.01; 1972, 0.3; 1973, 0.4; 1974, 0.1; 1975, 0.3 and 1976, 0.09(1). During these years, chlorpropham was infrequently found in fruits and vegetables(1). The daily dietary intake of chlorpropham (ug/kg body wt/day) in different age and sex groups in the US in 1988 were as follows: 6-11 mo, 0.164; 14-16 yr male, 0.214; and 60- 65 yr female, 0.098 (2). The daily dietary intakes for the corresponding group of population were 0.270, 0.454 and 0.150 in 1989(3) and 0.232, 0.386 and 0.182 in 1990(4). [(1) Duggan RE et al; Residue Monitoring Data. Pesticide Residue Levels in Foodsin the United States from July 1, 1969 to June 30, 1976, Washington,DC: Food and Drug Administration p. 2 (1983) (2) FDA; J Assoc Off Anal Chem 72: 133A-152A (1989) (3) FDA; J Assoc Off Anal Chem 73: 127A-146A (1990) (4) FDA; J Assoc Off Anal Chem 74: 121A-141A (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Natural Pollution Sources:

Chlorpropham is not known to occur naturally. (SRC) **PEER REVIEWED**

Artificial Pollution Sources:

Since chlorpropham is commercially produced and used as a herbicide(1), it will be released to the environment during the use of the herbicide(SRC). [(1) Worthing CR; The Pesticide Manual. 8th ed.; The Lavenham Press Ltd. Lavenham, Suffolk p. 1778 (1987)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Fate:

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Biodegradation via enzymatic hydrolysis will be the major process by which chlorpropham will be lost from most soils(1). The loss of chlorpropham from soil due to photolysis on soil surface may not be important(2). Vaporization loss of chlorpropham from dry soil should be negligible, but increases with increase in temperature, moisture content and air flow rate(1). The leaching of chlorpropham from three types of soil was low and more than 90% of chlorpropham was found in the upper inch of the soil after 4 cm of rain(1). Depending on the nature of soil and climatic conditions, the field half-life of chlorpropham in soil range from less than 30 days to 65 days(2) with an average half-life of 30 days(3). [(1) Kearney PC, Kaufman DD; Herbicides 2nd ed. Vol 2. NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc. pp. 635-42 (1976) (2) WSSA; Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Science Society of America. 6th ed. Champaign, IL: Weed Sci Soc Amer p. 57-60 (1989) (3) Wauchope RD et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 123: 1-155 (1992)]**PEER REVIEWED**

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a mean rate constant of 2.6X10-14 l/organism-hr and a bacterial concn of 5X10+8 organisms/l in water, the half-life of chlorpropham has been estimated to be 2208 days(1). Therefore, biodegradation of chlorpropham should not be important in clear bodies of water(SRC). However, biodegradation may become important if the bacterial population in water is several orders of magnitude higher than 10+8 organisms(2). The hydrolysis half-life of chlorpropham in the pH range 5-9 has been estimated to be greater than 10000 days(2). The estimated minimum half-life for the direct sunlight photolysis of chlorpropham in clear surface layers of water is 121 days(2). Based on the available data(2), it is concluded that biodegradation may be the dominant degradation pathway for chlorpropham in polluted waters, but photolysis may become the dominant degradative pathway in unpolluted waters(SRC). Based upon the moderate water solubility (89 ppm)(3) and the low vapor pressure (7.5X10-6 mmHg)(4), chlorpropam should not volatilize from water or bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(5,SRC). [(1) Paris DF et al; Appl Environ Microbiol 41: 603-9 (1981) (2) Wolfe NL et al Water Res 12: 565-71 (1978) (3) Wauchope RD et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 123: 36 (1991) (4) Sunito LR et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 103: 1-59 (1988) (5) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Amer Chem Soc Washington,DC pp. 5-5, 15-21 (1990)]**PEER REVIEWED**

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: From its estimated vapor pressure of 7.5X10-6 mm Hg at 25 deg C(1,4), chlorpropham is expected to be present partially in the vapor phase and partially in the particulate form in air(2,SRC). Based on an estimation method(3,5), vapor phase chlorpropham should be removed from the atmosphere with an estimated half-life of 5.5 hrs due to reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC). Partial removal of particulate chlorpropham from the air may occur by dry deposition(SRC). Chlorpropham may also be washed out of the air by rain(SRC). [(1) Suntio LR et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 103: 1-59 (1988) (2) Eisenreich SJ et al; Environ Sci Technol 15: 30-8 (1981) (3) Atkinson R; Environ Toxicol Chem 7: 435- 42 (1988) (4) Wauchope RD et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 123: 1-36 (1991) (5) Meylan WM, Howard, PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-9 (1993)]**PEER REVIEWED**

MOIST SOIL TREATED WITH CHLOROPROPHAM TO GIVE CONCN OF 100 PPM AI WAS INCUBATED IN POLYETHYLENE BAGS @ 23 DEG C FOR 30 WK. CO2 EVOLUTION WAS DETERMINED WEEKLY. CHLOROPHAM WAS DEGRADED RAPIDLY IN FIRST 6WK & 5% OF ORIGINAL AMT COULD BE DETECTED 30 WK LATER. [DAVIES HA, MARSH JAP; EFFECTS OF CHLOROPHAM, CHLORTOLURON AND ISOPROTURON ON RESPIRATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF NITROGEN IN TWO SOILS; BULL ENVIRON CONTAM TOXICOL 25(5): 706-12 (1980)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Biodegradation:

SOIL MICROORGANISMS READILY DEGRADE CHLORPROPHAM ... BY PRODN OF 3-CHLOROANILINE BY ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS REACTION WITH SUBSEQUENT LIBERATION OF FREE CHLORIDE ION & CARBON DIOXIDE. ... PSEUDOMONAS STRIATA CHESTER, A FLAVOBACTERIUM SP, AN AGROBACTERIUM SP, & ACHROMOBACTER SP /DEGRADE IT/. ... BIOASSAY TESTS INDICATE HALF LIFE OF CHLORPROPHAM TO BE ABOUT 65 DAYS @ 15 DEG C & 30 DAYS @ 29 DEG C. HOWEVER, RATE OF DISSIPATION CAN VARY GREATLY WITH MICROBIAL ACTIVITY & MOISTURE LEVEL OF GIVEN SOIL. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 105]**PEER REVIEWED**

Several pure cultures of microorganisms including Pseudomonas striata, Flavobacterium sp., Agrobacterium sp., Achromobacter sp. and Anacystis nidulans degrade chlorpropham(1-4). A mixed culture of microorganisms isolated from soil also biodegraded chlorpropham(1,6). In a perfused soil, a lag period of about 4 days occurred before the onset of biodegradation(1). Biodegradation of chlorpropham may be the major degradative mechanism in soil(7). Chlorpropham biodegrades by hydrolytic reactions and the suggested products in soil microbial cultures are N-phenyl-3- chlorocarbamic acid, isopropanol, 3-chloraniline, carbon dioxide, 2-amino-4- chlorophenol and its condensation products(5). [(1) Kaufman DD, Kearney PC; Appl Microbiol 13: 443-6 (1965) (2) Kaufman DD; Soil Biol Biochem 9: 49-57 (3) Clark CG, Wright SJL; Soil Biol Biochem 2: 217-26 (1970) (4) MacRae IC; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 109: 1-87 (1989) (5) Rajagopal BS et al; Res Rev 93: 47-53 (1984) (6) McClure GW; J Environ Qual 1: 177-80 (1972) (7) Kearney PC, Kaufman DD; Herbicides 2nd ed. Vol 2. NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc. pp. 635- 42 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

In the concn range 6-7 mg/l, chlorpropham did not metabolize in a river water or in a 2% settled sewage solution(1). Propham, a similar herbicide, did not metabolize in a lake water at a concn 1 mg/l but mineralized at 10 ug/l(2). The fact that chlorpropham biodegraded at low concns, but not at high concns indicate that high concn of the herbicide are toxic to microrganisms. This may have been the reason why chlorpropham did not degrade in river water or sewage. The biodegradation of chlorpropham in water followed second order kinetics. The rate depended on both concn of chlorpropham and the degrader population(3). The rate constant for the biodegradation of chlorpropham in environmental waters ranged 1.3X10-14 to 4.9X10-14 organism-hr(3,5-6). Based on a mean rate constant of 2.6X10-14 organism-hr and a bacterial concn of 5X10+8organisms/l, the half-life has been estimated to be 220 days(6). Adsorption to sediment and soil will decrease the rate of biodegradation(4). [(1) El-Dib MA, Aly OA; Water Res 10: 1055-9 (1976) (2) MacRae IC; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 109: 1-87 (1989) (3) Wolfe NL et al; Water Res 12: 565-71 (1978) (4) Baughman GL et al; pp. 105-11 in Proc. Biotransformation and Fate of Chemicals in Aquatic Environment. Maki AW et al. (eds)., Washington,DC: Amer Soc of Microbiology (1980) (5) Paris DF et al; pp. 55-56 in Proc. Div. Environ Chem. San Francisco, CA: Amer Chem Soc (1980) (6) Paris DF et al; Appl Environ Microbiol 41: 603-9 (1981)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Abiotic Degradation:

CHLORPROPHAM DOES NOT READILY UNDERGO PHOTODECOMPOSITION. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 105]**PEER REVIEWED**

The hydrolysis of chlorpropham occurs only in the presence of strong acids and bases(1). The products of chlorpropham hydrolysis in strong acids and bases were identified as 3-chloroaniline, isopropyl alcohol and carbon dioxide(1). The second order alkaline hydrolysis rate constant for chlorpropham is estimated to be 2X10-5 moles/l- sec(2-3). The hydrolysis half-life of chlorpropham in the pH range 5-9 has been estimated to be greater than 10,000 days(3). Chloropropham photolyzed in an aqueous solution when irradiated with 300 nm sunlamps in a Rayonet photoreactor to yield isopropyl 3-hydroxycarbanilate(4-5). The photolysis was accelerated in the presence of two surfactants(4). However, the estimated minimum half-life for the direct sunlight photolysis of chlorpropham in a clear water body near the surface is 121 days(3). Therefore, photolysis should not be an important process for the loss of chlorpropham from water or soil surfaces(SRC). [(1) Kearney PC, Kaufman DD; Herbicides 2nd ed. Vol 2. NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc. p. 620 (1976) (2) Wolfe NL et al; Environ Sci Technol 14: 1143-4 (1980) (3) Wolfe NL et al; Water Res 12: 565-71 (1978) (4) Tanaka FS et al; J Agric Food Chem 29: 227-30 (1981) (5) Tanaka FS et al; Pestic Sci 16: 265-70 (1985)]**PEER REVIEWED** Based on estimation methods(1-2), the rate constant for the reaction of chlorpropham with hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere is 4.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec(SRC). Assuming the 12 hr daylight average concentration of hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere is 1.5X10+6 radicals/cu cm(1), the half-life of chlorpropham in the atmosphere would be 5.5 hrs(SRC). [(1) Atkinson R; Environ Toxicol Chem 7: 435-42 (1988) (2) Meylan WM, Howard PH;Chemosphere 26: 2293-9 (1993)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Bioconcentration:

From its water solubility and a regression equation, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) for chlorpropham in aquatic organisms has been estimated to be 50(1). Based on a log Kow value of 3.06(2) and a regression equation(3), the BCF value can be estimated to be 125(SRC). Therefore, chlorpropham should not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(1,SRC). [(1) Kenaga EE; Ecotox Environ Safety 4: 26-38 (1980) (2) Hansch C, Leo AJ; Medchem Project. Issue No.26 Claremont,CA: Pomona College (1985) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Amer Chem Soc Washington,DC p. 5-5 (1990)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Soil Adsorption/Mobility:

The average Koc value for chlorpropham in 36 soils reported in the literatue is 816(1-2). According to a suggested classificaiton scheme(1), this would indicate a low mobility soil. Leaching of chlorpropham from three different types of soil was low(3). More than 90% of recovered chlorpropham was found in the upper inch of the soil profile after 4 cm of rain(3). Very little chlorpropham adsorbs to montmorillonite or kalonite clay(4). [(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) Rao PSC, Davidson JM; Retention & Transformation of Selected Pesticides and Phosphorus in Soil-Water Systems USEPA- 600/S3-82-060, Athens, GA: USEPA (1982) (3) Kearney PC, Kaufman DD; 2nd ed. Vol 2. NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc. p. 636 (1976) (4) WSSA; Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Science Society of America. 6th ed. Champaign, IL: Weed Sci Soc Amer pp. 57-60 (1989)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Volatilization from Water/Soil:

AT 35 DEG C, VAPOR LOSSES OF CHLOROPROPHAM FROM DRY SOIL ARE NEGLIGIBLE, BUT INCR TEMP & FIELD MOISTURE CAPACITY GREATLY INCR SUCH LOSSES. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 105]**PEER REVIEWED** Chlorpropham has a very low vapor pressure, 7.5X10-6 mm Hg at 25 deg C(4), and therefore the loss of chlorpropham from dry soil should be negligible. However volatilization loss from soil will increase with temperature, moisture content of the soil and air flow rate(1). In field experiments, 50% of chlorpropham initially applied to the soil surface, volatilized in 50 days(2-3). These results appear to conflict with predictions. The surface of the soil may, however, have been considerably higher than 25 deg C, with the resulting increase in the vapor pressure(SRC). Based on a value of the Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-8 atm-cu m/mole estimated from the ratio of vapor pressure and water solubility, 89 mg/l(4), the volatilization half-life of chlorpropham from a 1 m deep model river flowing at a speed of 1 m/sec and a wind speed of 5 m/sec can be estimated to be about 4 yrs(5,SRC). If the effect of sorption to particulate matter in the water column is considered, the half-life will be even longer. Therefore, volatilization from water should not be an important transport process(SRC). [(1) Kearney PC, Kaufman DD; Herbicides 2nd ed. Vol 2. NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc. p. 928 (1976) (2) Glotfelty DE, Schomburg CJ; pp. 181-207 in Reactions and Movement of Organic Chemicals in Soils. Madison,WI: SSSA Special Publ. No.22 (1989) (3) Taylor AW; Air Pollut Control Assoc J 28: 922-7 (1978) (4) Wauchope RD et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 123: 1-36 (1991) (5) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Amer Chem Soc Washington,DC p. 15-21 (1990)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Water Concentrations:

GROUNDWATER: Chlorpropham has been detected in one groundwater sample from 28 of California's 58 counties at a concn of 8.0 ug/l(1-3). [(1) Cohen DB; pp. 499-529 in ACS Symp. Ser 315(Evaluation of Pesticides in Groundwater. Washington,DC: ACS (1986) (2) Hallberg GR; Agric Ecosyst Environ 26: 299-367 (1989) (3) Holden PW; Pesticides in Groundwater Quality. Issues and Problems in Four States. Washington,DC: National Academy Press p. 20 (1986)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Sediment/Soil Concentrations:

... ADSORBED READILY TO ORG MATTER IN SOIL. THUS, ORG MATTER CONTENT OF SOIL IS MAJOR CONTROLLING FACTOR IN INFLUENCING DEGREE OF LEACHING WHICH OCCURS. VERY LITTLE ADSORPTION OF CHLORPROPHAM TO MONTMORILLONITE OR KAOLINITE CLAYS OCCURS. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 105]**PEER REVIEWED**

Atmospheric Concentrations: WHEN CLAY GRANULES CONTAINING CHLORPROPHAM WERE APPLIED TO SURFACE OF MOIST SOIL, THE HERBICIDE GRADUALLY MOVED TO THE ATMOSPHERE AS VAPOR & LITTLE ENTERED THE SOIL. [DAWSON JH; WEED SCI 27 (3): 274-7 (1979)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Food Survey Values:

During 1988-1990, chlorpropham was found with a frequency of 3-5% in total diet samples(1-3). The residue level of chlorpropham in post-harvest treated potatoes declined faster when potatoes were stored at room temperature compared to refrigeration(4). During storage at ambient temperature chlorpropham residues dissipated rapidly during the first few days of storage and then at a slower rate. This two phase dissipation was not obsevered for potatoes stored under refrigeration. Residues levels declined from 1.81 ppm to 0.6 ppm and 1.3 ppm after 80 days of storage at ambient temperature and at -5 deg C, respectivley. After 6 weeks of storage at -5 deg C, potatoes were processed into starch. Less than 1% of the initial chlorpropham remained in the starch(4). [(1) FDA; J Assoc Off Anal Chem 72: 133A-152A (1989) (2) FDA; J Assoc Off Anal Chem 73: 127A-146A (1990) (3) FDA; J Assoc Off Anal Chem 74: 121A-141A (1991) (4) Tsumura-Hasegawa Y et al; J Agric Food Chem 40: 1240-4 (1992)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Plant Concentrations:

RESIDUAL AMT MAY OCCUR ON OR IN TREATED CROPS AFTER HARVESTING. [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. V12 57 (1976)]**QC REVIEWED**

Milk Concentrations:

PUPS OF LACTATING RATS THAT WERE GIVEN LABELLED CHLOROPROPHAM ALSO CONTAINED RADIOACTIVITY. [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. V12 61 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Standards & Regulations:

FIFRA Requirements: As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Chlorpropham is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0271; Pesticide type: Herbicide; Registration Standard Date: 12/31/87; Case Status: RED Approved 09/95; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Chlorpropham; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 04/01/94, 12/03/96; AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the case/AI. [USEPA/OPP; Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration and Special Review p.99 (Spring, 1998) EPA 738-R-98-002]**QC REVIEWED**

State Drinking Water Guidelines:

(CA) CALIFORNIA 350 ug/l [USEPA/Office of Water; Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee (FSTRAC). Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines (11/93)]**QC REVIEWED**

Chemical/Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula:

C10-H12-Cl-N-O2 **PEER REVIEWED**

Molecular Weight:

213.68 [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file.p. 85/8406]**PEER REVIEWED** Color/Form:

HONEY COLOR [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 101]**PEER REVIEWED**

LIQUID @ ROOM TEMP [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982. 122]**PEER REVIEWED**

LIGHT BROWN CRYSTALLINE SOLID [Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 6th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1984. 759]**PEER REVIEWED**

Light tan powder [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 267]**PEER REVIEWED**

Faint characteristic odor [Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 6th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1984. 759]**PEER REVIEWED**

VERY LITTLE ODOR [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 101]**PEER REVIEWED**

Boiling Point:

149 DEG C AT 2 MM HG [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. V12 55 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Melting Point:

40.7-41.1 DEG C [Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989. 338]**PEER REVIEWED** Corrosivity:

Non-corrosive [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.,p. A087/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

Density/Specific Gravity:

1.180 @ 30 DEG C [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 101]**PEER REVIEWED**

Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:

Log Kow= 3.06 [Hansch, C. and A. Leo. The Log P Database. Claremont, CA: Pomona College, June 1984. 3]**PEER REVIEWED**

Solubilities:

VERY SOL IN ANHYD AMMONIA, KETONES; SOL IN DIESEL OIL; MISCIBLE WITH ACETONE, CARBON DISULFIDE [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 102]**PEER REVIEWED**

108 ppm in water @ 20 deg C; miscible with lower alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons and most org solvents [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982. 122]**PEER REVIEWED**

100 G/KG KEROSENE AT 25 DEG C [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 177]**PEER REVIEWED**

Spectral Properties:

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.5388 @ 20 DEG C/D [Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989. 338]**PEER REVIEWED** INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.5395 @ 20 DEG C/D (SUPER-COOLED) [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982. 122]**PEER REVIEWED**

Intense mass spectral peaks: 43 m/z (100%), 127 m/z (81%), 41 m/z (61%), 213 m/z (58%) [Hites, R.A. Handbook of Mass Spectra of Environmental Contaminants. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1985. 216]**PEER REVIEWED**

MASS: 4485 (National Bureau of Standards EPA-NIH Mass Spectra Data Base, NSRDS- NBS-63) [Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volumes I and II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985.,p. V1 426]**PEER REVIEWED**

Vapor Density:

1.18 (30C) [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 267]**PEER REVIEWED**

Vapor Pressure:

7.5X10-6 mm Hg at25 deg C (est) [Suntio LR et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 103: 1-59 (1988)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Other Chemical/Physical Properties:

LIQUID /COMMERCIAL/ [Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989. 338]**PEER REVIEWED**

MP: 38.5-40 DEG C; DECOMP OVER 150 DEG C /TECHNICAL/ [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982. 122]**PEER REVIEWED**

Henry's Law constant= 2.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole (est) [Suntio LR et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 103: 1-59 (1988)]**PEER REVIEWED** Vap pressure= 2 mm Hg (149C) [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 267]**PEER REVIEWED**

247 deg C (decomposition) at 760 mm [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. V12 55 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Chemical Safety & Handling:

Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:

Mild irritant. [Morgan, D.P. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings. EPA 540/9-80-005. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1982. 83]**PEER REVIEWED**

Fire Fighting Procedures:

/Wear/ self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure- demand or other positive pressure mode /when fighting fire/. /Carbaryl/ [Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981.5]**PEER REVIEWED**

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid); Carbaryl (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

If material /is/ on fire or involved in /a/ fire do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos, (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.133]**PEER REVIEWED**

Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.133]**PEER REVIEWED**

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Hazardous Decomposition:

WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP, IT EMITS HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES OF PHOSGENE. [Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 6th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1984. 759]**PEER REVIEWED**

Protective Equipment & Clothing:

Respirator selection, upper limit devices recommended by NIOSH. For concn up to 50 mg/cu m, use any supplied air respirator; or any self-contained breathing apparatus. For concn up to 125 mg/cu m, use any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode. For concn up to 250 mg/cu m, use any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece; or any supplied air respirator with a full facepiece. For concn up to 600 mg/cu m, use any supplied air respirator with a half mask and operated in a pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. For emergency or planned entry into unknown concentration or IDLH conditions, use any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece and operated in a pressure demand or other positive pressure mode; or any supplied air respirator with a full facepiece and operated in a pressure demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Escape conditions use, any air purifying full facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin style or front or back mounted organic vapor canister having a high efficiency particulate filter; or any appropriate escape-type self-contained breathing apparatus. /Carbaryl/ [NIOSH. Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. 2nd Printing. DHHS (NIOSH) Publ. No. 85-114. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, NIOSH/Supt. of Documents, GPO, February 1987.71]**PEER REVIEWED**

Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight-inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with carbaryl or liquids containing carbaryl. /Carbaryl/ [Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981.3]**PEER REVIEWED**

Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid); Carbaryl (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.133]**PEER REVIEWED**

Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.133]**PEER REVIEWED** Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.133]**PEER REVIEWED**

Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec); Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Preventive Measures:

AVOID BREATHING OF VAPOR OR SPRAY MIST. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID CONTACT WITH SKIN & EYES. ... KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. DO NOT USE, POUR, SPILL, OR STORE NEAR HEAT OR OPEN FLAME. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 103]**PEER REVIEWED**

Stability/Shelf Life:

UNLIMITED SHELF LIFE; NOT LIGHT OR HEAT SENSITIVE, BUT LOW TEMP MAY CAUSE CRYSTALLIZATION OF EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 103]**PEER REVIEWED**

STABLE BELOW 100 DEG C, BUT SLOWLY HYDROLYZED IN ACIDIC OR ALKALINE MEDIA. [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 177]**PEER REVIEWED**

Cleanup Methods:

1. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL. 2. ... LARGE QUANTITIES MAY BE RECLAIMED; HOWEVER, IF THIS IS NOT PRACTICAL, DISSOLVE IN FLAMMABLE SOLVENT (SUCH AS ALCOHOL) & ATOMIZE IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. /CARBARYL/ [Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981.]**PEER REVIEWED**

A system for removing pesticides from the wash water produced by pesticide applicators as they clean their equipment has been developed. The first step is the flocculation/coagulation and sedimentation of the pesticide-contaminated wash water. The supernatant from the first step is then passed through activated carbon columns. /Pesticides/ [Nye JC; ACS Symp Ser 259 (Treat Disposal Pestic Wastes): 153-60 (1984)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Water spill: If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid); Carbaryl (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Water spill: If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid); Carbaryl (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Disposal Methods:

Chlorpropham should be incinerated at high temp in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing to absorb hydrogen chloride. Recommendable method: Incineration. [United Nations. Treatment and Disposal Methods for Waste Chemicals (IRPTC File). Data Profile Series No. 5. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environmental Programme, Dec. 1985. 130]**PEER REVIEWED**

Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/ [40 CFR 165 (7/1/88)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/ [40 CFR 165 (7/1/88)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Hydrolysis & landfill: For each 2.265 kg of actual carbaryl, add 0.906 kg of flake caustic (sodium hydroxide) (this amt was stated to be a 50% excess over the minimum required) and allow about 24 hr for completion of the reaction. The first step of the degradation would be: aryl-O-CO-NHR + H2O --- NaOH ---> aryl-OH- + (HO-CO-NHR). The carbamic acid at the right would decompose to the amine and carbon dioxide in neutral soln, or to sodium carbonate in excess base. In excess base the phenol would be converted to the salt, that is, NaO-aryl. Phenolic decomposition products of some carbamate pesticides may, under some circumstances, persist in the environment and harm specific ecosystems. ... Hence, the hydrolysis should be followed by soil burial of the products in disposal. /Carbaryl/ [United Nations. Treatment and Disposal Methods for Waste Chemicals (IRPTC File). Data Profile Series No. 5. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environmental Programme, Dec. 1985. 128]**PEER REVIEWED**

The heavy residue solid wastes are burned. One shutdown for cleaning is made peryear, but numerous maintenance cleanups are made and the washings go to the process waste treatment system. Carbaryl may be disposed of: 1) By making packages of carbaryl in paper or other flammable material and burning in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. 2) By dissolving carbaryl in a flammable solvent (such as alcohol) and atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. Recommendable methods: Alkaline hydrolysis, landfill & incineration. Peer-review: Use 1 part by weight NaOH /sodium hydroxide/ (as a 10% wt/vol soln in 50% ethanol:water) per 4 parts of carbaryl plus 50% excess of NaOH. Leave for 24 hr. Dissolve carbaryl in flammable solvent such as ethanol, then spray the soln in an incinerator with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985)) /Carbaryl/ [United Nations. Treatment and Disposal Methods for Waste Chemicals (IRPTC File). Data Profile Series No. 5. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environmental Programme, Dec. 1985. 129]**PEER REVIEWED**

Hydrolysis & landfill: Under the influence of sunlight, the reversal reaction ofcarbaryl to 1-naphthol and methylisocyanate (CH3NCO) has been found to take place. Methylisocyanate is a poisonous and highly reactive substance. Accordingly, carbaryl should always be submitted to alkaline hydrolysis before disposal. For the decontamination of carbaryl containers triple rinse and use of a rinse soln containing caustic soda and detergent may be considered. "Triple rinse" means the flushing of containers three times, each time using a volume of the normal diluent equal to approx ten percent of the container's capacity, and adding the rinse liquid to the spray mixture or disposing of it by a method prescribed for disposing of the pesticide. /Carbaryl/ [United Nations. Treatment and Disposal Methods for Waste Chemicals (IRPTC File). Data Profile Series No. 5. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environmental Programme, Dec. 1985. 129]**PEER REVIEWED**

Occupational Exposure Standards:

Manufacturing/Use Information:

Major Uses:

CHLORPROPHAM ACTS AS HIGHLY SELECTIVE PREEMERGENCE & EARLY POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDE; IT EFFECTIVELY CONTROLS MANY ANNUAL GRASSY & BROADLEAF WEEDS; APPLICATION DURING LATE FALL & WINTER FOR CONTROL OF SOME PERENNIAL WEEDS. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 102]**PEER REVIEWED**

FOR CONTROL OF WEEDS IN ALFALFA, LIMA & SNAP BEANS, BLUEBERRIES, CANE BERRIES, CRANBERRIES, CARROTS, LADINO CLOVER, GARLIC, SEED GRASS, PEAS, ONIONS, SPINACH, SUGAR BEETS, TOMATOES, SAFFLOWER, SOYBEANS, GLADIOLI, WOODY NURSERY STOCK. ALSO FOR INHIBITING POTATO SPROUTING AND SYSTEMIC SUCKER CONTROL IN TOBACCO. [Farm Chemicals Handbook 1992. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1992.,p. C- 80]**PEER REVIEWED**

Manufacturers:

Platte Chemical Co., P.O. Box 667, 419 18th St., Greeley, CO 80632, (303) 356-4400 [Farm Chemicals Handbook 1993. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1993.,p. C- 80]**PEER REVIEWED**

Methods of Manufacturing:

REACTION OF 3-CHLOROPHENYL ISOCYANATE WITH ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL ... LAB METHOD OF PURIFICATION: RECRYSTALLIZE FROM N-HEXANE. ... FORMULATION PATENT BY PPG INDUSTRIES, INC, US PATENT 2,695,225. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 106]**PEER REVIEWED**

... reaction of 3-chloroaniline with isopropyl chloroformate. [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. V12 56 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Formulations/Preparations:

EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATES--3 & 4 LB/GAL FORMULATIONS. GRANULARS--10% & 20% ON ATTAPULGITE BASE. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 102]**PEER REVIEWED**

The technical product is of 98.5% purity ... . Formulations: Miscible (33.0%); 4.5, 8 or 10% granules, and mixt with several other herbicides. [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982. 122]**PEER REVIEWED**

Consumption Patterns:

HERBICIDE, OF WHICH APPROXIMATELY 82% IS USED ON SOYBEANS AND 18% ON VEGETABLES (1975) [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED** U. S. Production:

(1975) 4.99X10+8 G (CONSUMPTION) [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

(1971) @ 2.25X10+8 g [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. V12 56 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

(1964) 3.00X10+8 g (est) [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. V12 56 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

(1976) GREATER THAN 2.27X10+6 G [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

U. S. Imports:

(1975) 3.0X10+6 G (PRINCPL CUSTOMS DISTS) [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

(1976) 1.00X10+6 G (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS) [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

Laboratory Methods:

Clinical Laboratory Methods:

HPTLC and HPLC procedures used for the determination of chlorpropham residues in potatoes. [Corti P et al; Food Addit Contam 8 (5): 607-15 (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED**

A simpleand quick GC method for the determination of propham chlorpropham in potatoes. [Beernaert H, Hucorne P; Z Lebensm-Unters Forsch 193 (5): 433-5 (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED** MICRO-DETERMINATION; IN MILK & URINE FROM DAIRY COWS. EXTRACTION, HYDROLYSIS & SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC TECHNIQUES USING N-1-NAPHTHYLETHYLENEDIAMINE & DETERMINING @ 540 NM. [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982. 122]**PEER REVIEWED**

Analytic Laboratory Methods:

... ANALYZED BY EXTRACTING WITH METHYLENE CHLORIDE & MEASURING BY INFRARED ABSORPTION. ABSORBANCE MEASUREMENTS ARE MADE ON CARBONYL BAND @ 1735/CM, & PERCENTAGE CONCN CALCULATED BY USE OF ABSORBANCE INDEX ESTABLISHED BY MEASUREMENT OF METHYLENE CHLORIDE SOLN CONTAINING STD AMT OF CHLORPROPHAM. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 106]**PEER REVIEWED**

TWO SIMPLE, PRECISE & RAPID REVERSED PHASE HPLC PROCEDURES ARE DESCRIBED FOR DETERMINING CHLOROPROPHAM IN EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATES. [PENA HERAS A, SANCHEZ-RASERO F; J LIQ CHROMATOGR 5 (2): 327-55 (1982)]**PEER REVIEWED**

GC WITH ECD WAS USED TO DETERMINE CHLORPROPHAM EXTRACTED FROM FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. THE METHOD IS SENSITIVE TO ABOUT 0.2 MG/KG. GC WITH ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION OF CHLORPROPHAM AFTER ALKYLATION HAS BEEN USED TO DETERMINE CHLORPROPHAM EXTRACTED FROM CROPS @ LIMIT OF DETECTION OF ABOUT 0.005 MG/KG. [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972- PRESENT. (Multivolume work).p. V12 57 (1976)]**PEER REVIEWED**

THIS PROCEDURE INVOLVES THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CARBAMATES TO COMPOUNDS AMENABLE TO GC. PENTAFLUOROBENZYL BROMIDE WAS USED AS DERIVATIZATION AGENT FOR CHLORPROPHAM. THERE WAS ONE MINOR PEAK FOR CHLORPROPHAM. [JACKSON MD, SOILEAU SD; BULL ENVIRON CONTAM TOXICOL 26 (1): 97- 101 (1981)]**PEER REVIEWED**

GC DETERMINATION OF CHLORPROPHAM IN POTATOES AND POTATO PRODUCTS. AFTER EXTRACTION WITH ACETONE & DILN WITH SOLN OF SODIUM SULFATE CHLORPROPHAM WAS EXTRACTED WITH DIISOPROPYLETHER. [GLATT V, MEIER W; MITT GEB LEBENSMITTELUNTERS HYG 71 (4): 526-31 (1980)]**PEER REVIEWED**

CHLORPROPHAM WAS EXTRACTED FROM PLANTS, FOLLOWED BY HYDROLYSIS DISTILLATION, & EVAPORATION OF HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS. THE HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS WERE CONVERTED INTO CORRESPONDING TRIBROMO DERIVATIVES & DETERMINED BY EC/GC. [THIEME H, KURZIK-DUMKE U; PHARMAZIE 36 (5): 386-7 (1981)]**PEER REVIEWED**

MACRO: AMPEROMETRIC DETERMINATION IN TECHNICAL PRODUCTS & FORMULATIONS. MICRO: ... COLORIMETRICALLY BY HYPOCHLORITE- PHENOL METHOD. [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982. 122]**PEER REVIEWED**

Product analysis is by GC or by IR spectroscopy or by titration of the carbon dioxide or 3-chloroaniline formed on hydrolysis. Residues may be determined by gas LC or HPLC of derivatives. [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 178]**PEER REVIEWED**

LC with ECD and coulometric investigations of carbamate and urea pesticides. /Carbamate pesticides/ [Von Nehring QG et al; Anal Chem 58 (13): 2777-81 (1986)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Special References:

Special Reports:

Toxicology Review: Residue Reviews 63: 1 (1976)

Synonyms and Identifiers:

Related HSDB Records:

2046 [3-CHLOROANILINE] (metabolite)

Synonyms: Y 3 **PEER REVIEWED**

Beet-Kleen **PEER REVIEWED**

Bud-Nip **PEER REVIEWED**

Bygran **PEER REVIEWED**

CARBAMIC ACID, (3-CHLOROPHENYL)-, 1-METHYLETHYL ESTER **PEER REVIEWED**

CARBANILIC ACID, M-CHLORO-, ISOPROPYL ESTER **PEER REVIEWED**

N-(3-CHLOOR-FENYL)-ISOPROPYL CARBAMAAT (DUTCH) **PEER REVIEWED**

Chlor-IFC **PEER REVIEWED**

CHLOR IPC **PEER REVIEWED**

M-CHLOROCARBANILIC ACID ISOPROPYL ESTER **PEER REVIEWED**

3-CHLOROCARBANILIC ACID, ISOPROPYL ESTER **PEER REVIEWED**

CHLORO-IFK **PEER REVIEWED**

CHLORO-IPC **PEER REVIEWED**

N-(3-CHLORO PHENYL) CARBAMATE D'ISOPROPYLE (FRENCH) **PEER REVIEWED**

N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamic acid, isopropyl ester **PEER REVIEWED** (3-chlorophenyl)carbamic acid, 1-methylethyl ester **PEER REVIEWED**

N-3-CHLOROPHENYLISOPROPYLCARBAMATE **PEER REVIEWED**

N-(3-CHLOR-PHENYL)-ISOPROPYL-CARBAMAT (GERMAN) **PEER REVIEWED**

CHLORPROPHAM **PEER REVIEWED**

CHLORPROPHAME (FRENCH) **PEER REVIEWED**

CI-IPC **PEER REVIEWED**

CIPC **PEER REVIEWED**

Cl-IFK **PEER REVIEWED**

N-(3-CLORO-FENIL)-ISOPROPIL-CARBAMMATO (ITALIAN) **PEER REVIEWED**

ELBANIL **PEER REVIEWED**

ENT 18,060 **PEER REVIEWED**

FASCO WY-HOE **PEER REVIEWED**

FURLOE **PEER REVIEWED**

FURLOE 3 EC **PEER REVIEWED**

ISOPROPYL META-CHLOROCARBANILATE **PEER REVIEWED**

ISOPROPYL 3-CHLOROCARBANILATE **PEER REVIEWED**

ISOPROPYL N-CHLOROPHENYLCARBAMATE **PEER REVIEWED**

ISOPROPYL N-M-CHLOROPHENYLCARBAMATE **PEER REVIEWED**

ISOPROPYL N-(3-CHLOROPHENYL)CARBAMATE **PEER REVIEWED**

O-ISOPROPYL N-(3-CHLOROPHENYL)CARBAMATE **PEER REVIEWED**

ISOPROPYL 3-CHLOROPHENYLCARBAMATE **PEER REVIEWED**

LIRO CIPC **PEER REVIEWED**

METOXON **PEER REVIEWED**

Mirvale **PEER REVIEWED**

NEXOVAL **PEER REVIEWED**

PREVENOL **PEER REVIEWED**

PREVENTOL **PEER REVIEWED**

PREVENTOL 56 **PEER REVIEWED**

Preweed **PEER REVIEWED**

Sprout Nip **PEER REVIEWED**

Spud-Nic **PEER REVIEWED** SPUD-NIE **PEER REVIEWED**

STOPGERME-S **PEER REVIEWED**

TRIHERBICIDE CIPC **PEER REVIEWED**

Unicrop CIPC **PEER REVIEWED**

Formulations/Preparations:

EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATES--3 & 4 LB/GAL FORMULATIONS. GRANULARS--10% & 20% ON ATTAPULGITE BASE. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 102]**PEER REVIEWED**

The technical product is of 98.5% purity ... . Formulations: Miscible (33.0%); 4.5, 8 or 10% granules, and mixt with several other herbicides. [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982. 122]**PEER REVIEWED**

Administrative Information:

Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 981

Last Revision Date: 20030214

Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 12/10/1993

Update History:

Complete Update on 02/14/2003, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 01/14/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 03/09/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/09/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 12/27/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 10/20/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 09/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 05/08/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 04/07/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 10/13/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 01/19/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 05/26/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 12/22/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 04/16/1994, 69 fields added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 03/21/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/05/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field update on 12/17/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 10/04/1990, 5 fields added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 05/14/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 03/06/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 03/01/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 10/03/1986