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Digital Adaptions of the Scores for Cage Variations I, II and III
Edith Cowan University Research Online ECU Publications 2012 1-1-2012 Digital adaptions of the scores for Cage Variations I, II and III Lindsay Vickery Catherine Hope Edith Cowan University Stuart James Edith Cowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks2012 Part of the Music Commons Vickery, L. R., Hope, C. A., & James, S. G. (2012). Digital adaptions of the scores for Cage Variations I, II and III. Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference. (pp. 426-432). Ljubljana. International Computer Music Association. Available here This Conference Proceeding is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks2012/165 NON-COCHLEAR SOUND _ I[M[2012 LJUBLJANA _9.-14. SEP'l'EMBER Digital adaptions of the scores for Cage Variations I, II and III Lindsay Vickery, Cat Hope, and Stuart James Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts, Edith Cowan University ABSTRACT Over the ten years from 1958 to 1967, Cage revisited to the Variations series as a means of expanding his Western Australian new music ensemble Decibel have investigation not only of nonlinear interaction with the devised a software-based tool for creating realisations score but also of instrumentation, sonic materials, the of the score for John Cage's Variations I and II. In these performance space and the environment The works works Cage had used multiple transparent plastic sheets chart an evolution from the "personal" sound-world of with various forms of graphical notation, that were the performer and the score, to a vision potentially capable of independent positioning in respect to one embracing the totality of sound on a global scale. -
The William Paterson University Department of Music Presents New
The William Paterson University Department of Music presents New Music Series Peter Jarvis, director Featuring the Velez / Jarvis Duo, Judith Bettina & James Goldsworthy, Daniel Lippel and the William Paterson University Percussion Ensemble Monday, October 17, 2016, 7:00 PM Shea Center for the Performing Arts Program Mundus Canis (1997) George Crumb Five Humoresques for Guitar and Percussion 1. “Tammy” 2. “Fritzi” 3. “Heidel” 4. “Emma‐Jean” 5. “Yoda” Phonemena (1975) Milton Babbitt For Voice and Electronics Judith Bettina, voice Phonemena (1969) Milton Babbitt For Voice and Piano Judith Bettina, voice James Goldsworthy, Piano Penance Creek (2016) * Glen Velez For Frame Drums and Drum Set Glen Velez – Frame Drums Peter Jarvis – Drum Set Themes and Improvisations Peter Jarvis For open Ensemble Glen Velez & Peter Jarvis Controlled Improvisation Number 4, Opus 48 (2016) * Peter Jarvis For Frame Drums and Drum Set Glen Velez – Frame Drums Peter Jarvis – Drum Set Aria (1958) John Cage For a Voice of any Range Judith Bettina May Rain (1941) Lou Harrison For Soprano, Piano and Tam‐tam Elsa Gidlow Judith Bettina, James Goldsworthy, Peter Jarvis Ostinato Mezzo Forte, Opus 51 (2016) * Peter Jarvis For Percussion Band Evan Chertok, David Endean, Greg Fredric, Jesse Gerbasi Daniel Lucci, Elise Macloon Sean Dello Monaco – Drum Set * = World Premiere Program Notes Mundus Canis: George Crumb George Crumb’s Mundus Canis came about in 1997 when he wanted to write a solo guitar piece for his friend David Starobin that would be a musical homage to the lineage of Crumb family dogs. He explains, “It occurred to me that the feline species has been disproportionately memorialized in music and I wanted to help redress the balance.” Crumb calls the work “a suite of five canis humoresques” with a character study of each dog implied through the music. -
John Cage's Entanglement with the Ideas Of
JOHN CAGE’S ENTANGLEMENT WITH THE IDEAS OF COOMARASWAMY Edward James Crooks PhD University of York Music July 2011 John Cage’s Entanglement with the Ideas of Coomaraswamy by Edward Crooks Abstract The American composer John Cage was famous for the expansiveness of his thought. In particular, his borrowings from ‘Oriental philosophy’ have directed the critical and popular reception of his works. But what is the reality of such claims? In the twenty years since his death, Cage scholars have started to discover the significant gap between Cage’s presentation of theories he claimed he borrowed from India, China, and Japan, and the presentation of the same theories in the sources he referenced. The present study delves into the circumstances and contexts of Cage’s Asian influences, specifically as related to Cage’s borrowings from the British-Ceylonese art historian and metaphysician Ananda K. Coomaraswamy. In addition, Cage’s friendship with the Jungian mythologist Joseph Campbell is detailed, as are Cage’s borrowings from the theories of Jung. Particular attention is paid to the conservative ideology integral to the theories of all three thinkers. After a new analysis of the life and work of Coomaraswamy, the investigation focuses on the metaphysics of Coomaraswamy’s philosophy of art. The phrase ‘art is the imitation of nature in her manner of operation’ opens the doors to a wide- ranging exploration of the mimesis of intelligible and sensible forms. Comparing Coomaraswamy’s ‘Traditional’ idealism to Cage’s radical epistemological realism demonstrates the extent of the lack of congruity between the two thinkers. In a second chapter on Coomaraswamy, the extent of the differences between Cage and Coomaraswamy are revealed through investigating their differing approaches to rasa , the Renaissance, tradition, ‘art and life’, and museums. -
Cage's Credo: the Discovery of New Imaginary Landscapes of Sound By
JOHN CAGE: The Works for Percussion 1 Cage’s Credo: The Discovery of Percussion Group Cincinnati New Imaginary Landscapes of Sound by Paul Cox ENGLISH 1. CREDO IN US (1942) 12:58 “It’s not a physical landscape. It’s a term discovery of new sounds. Cage found an ideal for percussion quartet (including piano and radio or phonograph. FIRST VERSION reserved for the new technologies. It’s a land- incubator for his interest in percussion and With Dimitri Shostakovich: Symphony No.5, New York Philharmonic/Leonard Bernstein scape in the future. It’s as though you used electronics at the Cornish School in Seattle, Published by DSCH-Publishers. Columbia ML 5445 (LP) technology to take you off the ground and go where he worked as composer and accompa- 2. IMAGINARY LANDSCAPE No. 5 (1952) 3:09 like Alice through the looking glass.” nist for the dance program. With access to a for any 42 recordings, score to be realized as a magnetic tape — John Cage large collection of percussion instruments and FIRST VERSION, using period jazz records. Realization by Michael Barnhart a radio studio, Cage created his first “Imagi- 3. IMAGINARY LANDSCAPE No. 4, “March No. 2” (1942) 4:26 John Cage came of age during the pioneer- nary Landscape,” a title he reserved for works for 12 radios. FIRST VERSION ing era of electronic technology in the 1920s. using electronic technology. CCM Percussion Ensemble, James Culley, conductor With new inventions improving the fidelity of The Cornish radio studio served as de facto 4. IMAGINARY LANDSCAPE No. 1 (1939) 6:52 phonographs and radios, a vast array of new music laboratory where Cage created and for 2 variable-speed turntables, frequency recordings, muted piano and cymbal, voices, sounds and music entered the American broadcast the Imaginary Landscape No. -
Cage's Early Tape Music
The Studio as a Venue for Production and Performance: Cage’s Early Tape Music Volker Straebel I When John Cage produced his Imaginary Landscape No. 5, probably the first piece of American tape music, in January 1952, he had been researching means of electronic sound production for at least twelve years. The main layer of his text The Future of Music: Credo, falsely dated 1937 in Cage’s collected lectures and writings Silence, but probably written between 1938 and 1940,1 places sound production by means of electrical instruments at the end of a development which increases the use of noise to make music, which would extend the variety of sounds available for musical purposes. The influence of Luigi Rus- solo’s L’arte dei rumori of 1913 is obvious, a manifesto that appeared in print in English translation for the first time in Nicolas Slonimsky’s Music since 1900 in 19372 and that Cage must have been aware of in 1938, when he stated in the program notes of a Percus- sion Concert presented by his ensemble in Seattle on December 9, that »percussion music really is the art of noise and that’s what it should be called.«3 In 1939, Cage created Imaginary Landscape No. 1 utilizing test-tone records played at variable speeds at the radio studio of the Cornish School in Seattle. The score, engraved and published by C. F. Peters in the early 1960s, specifies the Victor Frequency Records being used and indicates the resulting frequencies when played at 33 1/3 or 78 rpm. -
Imaginary Landscape -- Electronics in Live Performance, 1989 and 1939
Imaginary Landscape -- Electronics in Live Performance, 1989 and 1939 by Nicolas Collins lecture presented at Audio Arts Symposium, Linz, September 1988 Consider John Cage's Imaginary Landscape #1. Written in 1939 for two record players, test records of electronic tones, muted piano, and cymbal, it is one of the first pieces of live electronic music, and on this rests its fame. But less obvious aspects of the composition are worth noting as well. Instead of using any of the expensive electronic instruments of the time, such as the Ondes Martinot or Theremin, Cage chose the record player -- an affordable appliance, never before thought of as an "instrument," which could theoretically be played by anyone. With a prophetic eye toward alternative performance venues, the score specifically suggested that the piece be performed for "recording or broadcast." Finally, the sounds were indeed placed in a landscape, organized in a radical new way that mimicked the way sounds exist in life, rather than forcing them to "sound like some old instrument" (as Cage complained in his 1937 manifesto, The Future of Music: Credo). This intertwining of technology with its musical and social implications distinguished this piece from any other music of the time and also from any electronic music produced by other composers for over 25 years. Imaginary Landscape was truly New Music. If 1939 can be declared the birthdate of Live Electronic Music, it was a birth that was in many ways premature. As a genre it did not come of age until the late 1960's and early 1970's, with the music of Alvin Lucier, David Behrman, Robert Ashley, Gordon Mumma, Pauline Oliveros, Steve Reich, Terry Riley, Phil Glass, Maryanne Amacher, LaMonte Young, David Tudor, and their contemporaries and students. -
Piano Sheet Music Samples
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JOHN CAGE: SIXTEEN DANCES SIXTEEN DANCES (1951) JOHN CAGE 1912–1992 [1] No
JOHN CAGE: SIXTEEN DANCES SIXTEEN DANCES (1951) JOHN CAGE 1912–1992 [1] No. 1 [Anger] 1:27 SIXTEEN DANCES [2] No. 2 [Interlude] 3:07 [3] No. 3 [Humor] 1:43 [4] No. 4 [Interlude] 2:06 BOSTON MODERN ORCHESTRA PROJECT [5] No. 5 [Sorrow] 2:01 GIL ROSE, CONDUCTOR [6] No. 6 [Interlude] 2:17 [7] No. 7 [The Heroic] 2:40 [8] No. 8 [Interlude] 3:29 [9] No. 9 [The Odious] 3:10 [10] No. 10 [Interlude] 2:20 [11] No. 11 [The Wondrous] 2:05 [12] No. 12 [Interlude] 2:09 [13] No. 13 [Fear] 1:24 [14] No. 14 [Interlude] 5:12 [15] No. 15 [The Erotic] 3:10 [16] No. 16 [Tranquility] 3:51 TOTAL 42:12 COMMENT By David Vaughan At the beginning of the 1950’s, John Cage began to use chance operations in his musical composition. He and Merce Cunningham were working on a big new piece, Sixteen Dances for Soloist and Company of Three. To facilitate the composition, Cage drew up a series of large charts on which he could plot rhythmic structures. In working with these charts, he caught first glimpse of a whole new approach to musical composition—an approach that led him very quickly to the use of chance. “Somehow,” he said, “I reached the conclusion that I could compose according to moves on these charts instead of according to my own taste.”1 The composer Christian Wolff introduced Cage to theI Ching, or Book of Changes, which COMPANY CUNNINGHAM DANCE OF MERCE COURTESY PETERICH, GERDA PHOTO: (1951). -
Unterrichtsmaterialien Zu John Cage: Imaginary Landscape No
Unterrichtsmaterialien zu John Cage: Imaginary Landscape No. 4 SWR-Vokalensemble Stuttgart: attacca - Geistesgegenwart.Musik CAGE/ROTHKO-Projekt mit Werken von John Cage und Morton Feldman Sa, 24. 11. 2012, 20h Veranstaltungsort: Theaterhaus Stuttgart Siemensstraße 11 70469 Stuttgart S-Feuerbach erstellt von: Cosima Linke/Matthias Handschick Pädagogische Hochschule Freiburg, Institut für Musik Inhalt: I) Hintergrundinformationen 2 o 1) Kurzbiographie 2 o 2) Zu Imaginary Landscape No. 4 2 o 3) Kompositionsprozess und ästhetischer Kontext 3 II) Materialien 4 o 1) Partiturausschnitte 4 o 2) Textausschnitte 11 o 3) Hörbeispiele 24 III) Arbeitsvorschläge/Ideen 25 o 1) Einstieg 25 o 2) Kompositionswerkstatt 25 o 3) 4’10 für 5 + x Radios 25 o 4) Aktualitätsbezug 25 o 5) Gegenüberstellung Boulez/Cage 26 IV) Ausführungshinweise 27 V) Literatur 30 1 I) Hintergrundinformationen: 1) Kurzbiographie: John Cage, *1912 in Los Angeles als Sohn eines Ingenieurs und Erfinders, †1992 in New York, gehört zu den einflussreichsten Künstlerpersönlichkeiten des 20. Jahrhunderts: Komponist, Ma- ler, Autor und Hobby-Mykologe, bildete er gemeinsam mit Morton Feldman, Christian Wolff, Earle Brown und David Tu- dor die so genannte »New York School« in Anlehnung an die gleichnamige Gruppe bildender Künstler, mit der Cage in en- gem Austausch stand. Seine musikalische Ausbildung fand u.a. bei Henry Cowell und Arnold Schönberg in New York und Los Angeles statt. 1953 gründete er mit seinem Lebensgefährten, dem Tänzer und Choreographen Merce Cunningham, die »Merce Cunningham Dance Company«, für die Cage als musikalischer Leiter verantwortlich war. Cage setzte sich intensiv mit indischer Philosophie und Zen-Buddhismus sowie mit den Schriften von Meister Eckhart, James Joyce und Henry David Thoreau auseinander. -
A John Cage Realization
Designing for Emergent Behavior: a John Cage realization Christopher Burns Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA), Stanford University [email protected] Abstract 2 Score and Realization A new software realization of John Cage’s Electronic Music There are an enormous number of potential realizations for Piano is described. Inspired by dedicatee David Tudor’s of Electronic Music for Piano. Indeed, it would be difficult work with feedback circuits in live electronic music, the to specify criteria for the validity of a performance. principal audio component of the software is an audio Nevertheless, the score provides a rich interpretive context feedback network with a number of chance-determined, for realization. A number of fragments from the score were time-varying parameters. The behavior of this feedback crucial stimuli for our performing version of the work. system is unpredictable, so the software interface is Cage’s notations include the phrases “feedback” and organized around higher-level, statistically-oriented “for David Tudor.” During the 1960s and 70s, Tudor controls. The result is an instrument which displays gradually reoriented his career from the performance of emergent behavior, guided but not controlled by its audio avant-garde works for piano to the creation of live electronic inputs and its operator. music, with electronic feedback systems as the defining component of his work. (Adams 1997, Chadable 1997). In 1 Introduction appreciation of Cage and Tudor’s work in the domain of feedback, we designed this realization around an acoustic Electronic Music for Piano (1964), by John Cage, is one feedback network, implemented in software. -
Reading & Listening Guide: John Cage and Experimental Music
John Cage and Experimental Music If asked to name one person who has been the most important influence on avant-garde music in the last half of the 20 th century, our answer unquestionably would be “John Cage.” Cage’s originality and ideas will resonate throughout our entire course. In this lesson we listen to a few pieces that illustrate various stages in his musical development. 1. Read the Wikipedia article about John Cage. You will need information in this article to help answer many of the questions in this lesson. • With what famous composer did Cage study? What vow did Cage make that convinced the composer to give the lessons for free? Why did Cage eventually quit? • Why was his stint at the Cornish School of the Arts in Seattle important to him? What did he accomplish there? What musical instrument did he invent? • What kind of crisis did Cage experience in the mid-1940s? What did he turn to and how did this influence the Sonatas and Interludes , some of which you will listen to for this assignment. • What did Cage discover in the 1950s that had a major influence on his compositional methods? In the early 1950s, what became Cage’s standard tool for composition and how did he use it? • Among other things, Cage composed several “Variations” pieces in the late 1950s and 1960s. The Wikipedia article says that these were in fact “happenings,” an art form that Cage and his students had established earlier. What are happenings? Why are they more than merely musical compositions? • Cages “Experimental Composition” classes in New York inspired the Fluxus movement. -
No Ear for Music the Scary Purity of John Cage
34 No Ear for Music The Scary Purity of John Cage David Revill, The Roaring Silence (New York: Arcade, 1992; 375 pp.) Richard Kostelanetz, ed., Conversing with Cage (New York: Limelight, 1988; 300 pp.) Pierre Boulez and John Cage, Correspondance et documents, edited by Jean-Jacques Nattiez (Winterthur: Amadeus, 1990; 234 pp.); trans. Robert Samuels, The Boulez- Cage Correspondence (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993; 168 pp.) John Cage, The Complete Quartets; Arditti Quartet (Mode 17 & 27, 2 CDs) John Cage, The Perilous Night; Four Walls; Margaret Leng Tan (New Albion 37) John Cage, Lecture on Nothing; Works for Cello; Frances-Marie Uitti (Etcetera 2016) Lenny Bruce had a routine in which he sent audiences into paroxysms by classifying any artifact of contemporary culture to which they referred him as Jewish or goyish. The high point, on the recording that I heard, came when someone shouted, I think, “instant scrambled eggs,” and Bruce went, “ooh . scary goyish.” There is no better way of understanding what John Cage has meant to us, why he was so notorious and then so famous, and why his name will long remain an emblem. For half a century he stalked the world of music as its scariest goy. This had nothing to do with religion, or with the ethnic complexion of modern America. It wasn’t even a question of Us and Them. What made the classification funny was that all the mundane items classified belonged to Us. The classification showed up the contradictions in the shared culture, and in its values. What was “Jewish” confirmed our cherished notions of ourselves; what was “goyish” disconfirmed them.