Roadmaps to ISO/IEC 10646 and the Unicode Standard
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Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
Ancient Scripts
The Unicode® Standard Version 13.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2020 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 13.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-26-9 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/) 1. -
Phonetics of Sgaw Karen in Thailand
PHONETICS OF SGAW KAREN IN THAILAND: AN ACOUSTIC DESCRIPTION PONGPRAPUNT RATTANAPORN MASTER OF ARTS IN ENGLISH THE GRADUATE SCHOOL CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY SEPTEMBER 2012 PHONETICS OF SGAW KAREN IN THAILAND: AN ACOUSTIC DESCRIPTION PONGPRAPUNT RATTANAPORN AN INDEPENDENT STUDY SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ENGLISH THE GRADUATE SCHOOL CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY SEPTEMBER 2012 PHONETICS OF SGAW KAREN IN THAILAND: AN ACOUSTIC DESCRIPTION PONGPRAPUNT RATTANAPORN THIS INDEPENDENT STUDY HAS BEEN APPROVED TO BE A PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ENGLISH 26 September 2012 © Copyright by Chiang Mai University iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to everybody who contributed to this research. Firstly, my deepest thanks go to both of my supervisors, Dr. Preeya Nokaew (Chiang Mai University) and Dr. Paul Sidwell (Australian National University), for their excellent support from when I first started until I finished this research. Secondly, my thanks go to the examining committee, Dr. Peter Freeouf and Dr. Sudarat Hatfield, for their useful comments. Thirdly, I would like to express my thanks to Assoc. Prof. Suphanee Jancamai and Asst. Prof. Panit Boonyavatana and all the teachers in the graduate program. Also a special thanks to Dr. Phinnarat Akharawatthanakun (Payap University) for her valuable advice. This research would not have been successful without the assistance of the Dujeto’s, Mr. Thaworn Kamponkun and all the informants and my friends Ey, Sprite, Mike, Chris, Darwin, Oh, Jay, Rose and Yrrah. Last but not least, I appreciate everybody in my family for their love, encouragement and financial support. -
Encoding Diversity for All the World's Languages
Encoding Diversity for All the World’s Languages The Script Encoding Initiative (Universal Scripts Project) Michael Everson, Evertype Westport, Co. Mayo, Ireland Bamako, Mali • 6 May 2005 1. Current State of the Unicode Standard • Unicode 4.1 defines over 97,000 characters 1. Current State of the Unicode Standard: New Script Additions Unicode 4.1 (31 March 2005): For Unicode 5.0 (2006): Buginese N’Ko Coptic Balinese Glagolitic Phags-pa New Tai Lue Phoenician Nuskhuri (extends Georgian) Syloti Nagri Cuneiform Tifinagh Kharoshthi Old Persian Cuneiform 1. Current State of the Unicode Standard • Unicode 4.1 defines over 97,000 characters • Unicode covers over 50 scripts (many of which are used for languages with over 5 million speakers) 1. Current State of the Unicode Standard • Unicode 4.1 defines over 97,000 characters • Unicode covers over 50 scripts (often used for languages with over 5 million speakers) • Unicode enables millions of users worldwide to view web pages, send e-mails, converse in chat-rooms, and share text documents in their native script 1. Current State of the Unicode Standard • Unicode 4.1 defines over 97,000 characters • Unicode covers over 50 scripts (often used for languages with over 5 million speakers) • Unicode enables millions of users worldwide to view web pages, send e-mails, converse in chat- rooms, and share text documents in their native script • Unicode is widely supported by current fonts and operating systems, but… Over 80 scripts are missing! Missing Modern Minority Scripts India, Nepal, Southeast Asia China: -
Iso/Iec Jtc1/Sc2/Wg2 N2383
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2383 2001-10-10 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation internationale de normalisation еждународная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Roadmaps Source: The Unicode Consortium Status: Liaison Contribution Date: 2001-10-10 Distribution: WG2 and UTC The Roadmaps to the UCS have been maintained by the ad-hoc committee on the Roadmap, which consists of Michael Everson, Rick McGowan, and Ken Whistler. They were hosted on Michael Everson’s site, and this caused difficulties for WG2 in referencing them. The Unicode Consortium has offered to host the Roadmap documents as official Unicode documents, acknowledging their usefulness and stability. This should allow WG2 to reference them by URL (http://www.unicode.org/roadmaps). Whenever major revisions are made, the Unicode Consortium will forward a document similar to this one to WG2. 1 2001-04-01 Roadmap to the BMP 2001-10-10 15:28 Roadmap to the BMP Home ||Site Map Search Tables Roadmap to the BMP Roadmap Introduction Roadmap to the Revision 3.0 BMP (Plane 0) Authors Michael Everson, Rick McGowan, Ken Whistler Roadmap to the SMP (Plane 1) Date 2001-10-10 Roadmap to the SIP (Plane 2) This Version http://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/bmp-3-0.html Roadmap to the SSP (Plane 14) Previous Version n/a Not the Roadmap Latest Version http://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/bmp-3-0.html More Information Summary The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0 The following table comprises a proportional map of Plane 0, the BMP (Basic Multilingual Proposed Plane). -
Unicode Character Properties
Unicode character properties Document #: P1628R0 Date: 2019-06-17 Project: Programming Language C++ Audience: SG-16, LEWG Reply-to: Corentin Jabot <[email protected]> 1 Abstract We propose an API to query the properties of Unicode characters as specified by the Unicode Standard and several Unicode Technical Reports. 2 Motivation This API can be used as a foundation for various Unicode algorithms and Unicode facilities such as Unicode-aware regular expressions. Being able to query the properties of Unicode characters is important for any application hoping to correctly handle any textual content, including compilers and parsers, text editors, graphical applications, databases, messaging applications, etc. static_assert(uni::cp_script('C') == uni::script::latin); static_assert(uni::cp_block(U'[ ') == uni::block::misc_pictographs); static_assert(!uni::cp_is<uni::property::xid_start>('1')); static_assert(uni::cp_is<uni::property::xid_continue>('1')); static_assert(uni::cp_age(U'[ ') == uni::version::v10_0); static_assert(uni::cp_is<uni::property::alphabetic>(U'ß')); static_assert(uni::cp_category(U'∩') == uni::category::sm); static_assert(uni::cp_is<uni::category::lowercase_letter>('a')); static_assert(uni::cp_is<uni::category::letter>('a')); 3 Design Consideration 3.1 constexpr An important design decision of this proposal is that it is fully constexpr. Notably, the presented design allows an implementation to only link the Unicode tables that are actually used by a program. This can reduce considerably the size requirements of an Unicode-aware executable as most applications often depend on a small subset of the Unicode properties. While the complete 1 Unicode database has a substantial memory footprint, developers should not pay for the table they don’t use. It also ensures that developers can enforce a specific version of the Unicode Database at compile time and get a consistent and predictable run-time behavior. -
Universal Scripts Project: Statement of Significance and Impact
Universal Scripts Project: Statement of Significance and Impact The Universal Scripts Project expands the capabilities of the Internet by providing digital access to text materials from a variety of modern and historical cultures whose writing systems are not currently included in the international standard for electronic representation of scripts, known as Unicode. People who write in these scripts find it difficult to use email, compose and send documents electronically, and post documents on the World Wide Web, without relying on nonstandard fonts or other cumbersome workarounds, and are therefore left out of the “technological revolution.” About 66 scripts are currently included in the Unicode standard, but over 80 are not. Some 40 of these missing scripts belong to modern linguistic minorities in Africa, the Indian subcontinent, China, and other countries in Southeast Asia; about 40 are scripts of historical importance. The project’s goal for 2007–2008 is to provide the standards bodies overseeing character sets with proposals for 15 scripts to be included in the Unicode standard. The scripts selected for inclusion include 9 modern minority scripts and 6 historical scripts. The need is urgent, because the entire process, from first proposal to acceptance, typically takes from 2 to 5 years, and support among corporations and national bodies for adding more scripts to Unicode is uncertain. If the proposals are not submitted soon, these user communities will not be able to use their scripts in the near future. The scripts selected for this grant have established scholarly and user-community connections, which will help guarantee that the proposals meet the users' needs. -
Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Elymaic Script in Unicode
L2/17-055 2017-02-01 Preliminary proposal to encode the Elymaic script in Unicode Anshuman Pandey [email protected] February 1, 2017 1 Introduction The Elymaic script was identified by Michael Everson in 2001 in “Roadmapping early Semitic scripts” (N2311) as a suitable candidate for encoding in Unicode. It was allocated to the Roadmap to the Supple- mentary Multilingual Plane (SMP) in the same year.1 Yet, to date, no additional information for the script has been submitted. Currently, it rests in scarlet on the Roadmap as ¿Elymaic? at the range U+10EE0..10EFF; the Spanish question marks indicating its status as a script “for which detailed proposals have not yet been written”, and for which “[t]here may be a link to an exploratory code table”. In the sixteen years that have passed since Elymaic was first allocated to the Roadmap, no additional information on the script has been submitted to the Unicode Technical Committee, not even ‘an exploratory code table”. This preliminary pro- posal aims to give some digital dignity to Elymaic and to build a foundation for a future encoding for the script. It provides a tentative character repertoire and code chart, a brief description of the script, and a few specimens illustrating usage of the script. Research is ongoing and a formal proposal is forthcoming. 2 Description Elymaic is a historical right-to-left script derived from Imperial Aramaic. Also known as ‘Elymaean’ in English scholarly literature, the name ‘Elymaic’ refers to Elymais, a state within the Parthian empire (247 – 224 ) that is situated in the present-day region of Khuzestan in Iran. -
Roadmap to The
Roadmaps to Unicode Home | Site Map | Search Tables Roadmap to the SMP Roadmap Introduction Roadmap to the BMP (Plane 0) Roadmap to the SMP (Plane 1) Revision 4.2 Roadmap to the Authors Michael Everson, Rick McGowan, Ken Whistler SIP (Plane 2) Roadmap to the Date 2003-09-11 SSP (Plane 14) Not the This Version http://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/smp-4-2.html Roadmap Previous Version http://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/smp-4-1.html Latest Version http://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/ More Information The Unicode Standard, Summary Version 4.0 Proposed The following table comprises a proportional map of Plane 1, the SMP (Supplementary characters Multilingual Plane). A PDF version of this document is available for convenient printing. A Submitting Proposals description of the presentation conventions used in the table is at the bottom of this page. ISO/IEC 10646 Collections ISO/IEC 15924 Status (script codes) This document is informative. Please send corrigenda and other comments to the authors using the online contact form. The SMP is tentatively mapped out to the following zones. Some of these are shaded grey informatively in the table below. 00010000-000100FF Linear B 00010100-000101FF Ancient numeric systems 00010200-000102FF unassigned 00010300-000107FF Alphabetic and syllabic LTR scripts 00010800-00010FFF Alphabetic and syllabic RTL scripts 00011000-000117FF Brahmic scripts 00011800-00011FFF African and other syllabic scripts 00012000-00012FFF Cuneiform and other ancient scripts 00013000-00013FFF Scripts for invented languages 00014000-00016BFF -
With the Power of Their Forefathers (Revue) Copie DP Edit
With the power of their forefathers: Kinship between early Tibetan ritualists and the Naxi dongba of south- west China1 Duncan Poupard (The Chinese University of Hong Kong) here is a well-documented history of translation between In- dia, Tibet and China beginning in the seventh century and T continuing for almost a millennium. The transmission of the Buddhist canon that took place during this time has been perceived as one of the world’s greatest cultural exchanges.2 But what about the transmission of the non-Buddhist Tibetan canon (if indeed it can be called a canon), that is, the ritual tradition from early Tibet that has been classified by some as “Bon”? In the mid-twentieth century it was suggested that the explication of the still-extant religious literature of a small tribe in southwest China, the Naxi, would lead to a fuller un- derstanding of the Tibetan Bon tradition. But there has still been little comparative study between these two lineages. Analysis of the Dunhuang manuscripts, in particular the textual references to the ar- chetypal ritualist, gShen-rab myi-bo, reveals a common through line from old Tibet, to Bon tradition, to Naxi ritual manuscripts, which fea- ture prominently a chief ritualist known as Do-bbaq sheel-lo.3 I sug- gest that the Naxi manuscripts show an inheritance from early Tibet – perhaps before the formation of an organized “Bon” religion. In this essay I posit that the existence of an archetypal ritualist in the Naxi canon is a continuation of a narrative theme (that of the well-versed ritual practitioner), and indeed possibly of specific ritual personages themselves, from the old Tibetan manuscripts, filtered through the 1 This work has been supported by a British Academy Stein-Arnold Exploration Fund Grant (SA1819\190000). -
Abram the One from Beyond-The-River, and King Chedorlaomer of Elam (Genesis 14): Persia and the Formation of Judaean Ethnic Identity in a Late Patriarchal Narrative
religions Article Abram the One from Beyond-the-River, and King Chedorlaomer of Elam (Genesis 14): Persia and the Formation of Judaean Ethnic Identity in a Late Patriarchal Narrative Gard Granerød Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Department, MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, P.O. Box 5144 Majorstuen, N-0302 Oslo, Norway; [email protected] Abstract: The perception of Persia in Judaean/Jewish texts from antiquity contributed to the con- struction of a Judaean/Jewish identity. Genesis 14 gives an example of this; in it, Abra(ha)m wages war with a coalition headed by King Chedorlaomer of Elam. The article argues that Genesis 14 is one of the latest additions to the patriarchal narratives (Genesis 12–36), composed in the Persian or early Hellenistic period. It was conceived and used as an ethnic identity-forming story. The characters in the narrative represented groups and nations in the neighbourhood of the province of Judah. Abra(ha)m was perceived as the ancestor of the Judaeans and the inhabitants of the province Beyond-the-River. The King of Elam represented the Persian Empire. The article uses redaction criticism to argue that Genesis 14 is among the latest additions to the patriarchal narrative in the late Persian or Hellenistic period. Moreover, it uses a combination of philological and historical methods to argue that the description of Abra(ha)m as ha¯ ( ibrî (traditionally translated “the Hebrew,” Citation: Granerød, Gard. 2021. Gen 14: 13) characterises him as a person from the region Eber-nari¯ (Beyond-the-River). The arti- Abram the One from Beyond-the-River, cle uses similar methods to argue that the names of people and places in Genesis 14 referred to and King Chedorlaomer of Elam political entities in and around Judah. -
Chinese Views on Nature
Chinese Views on Nature Shan Ni, Shanghai, People's Republic of China Email: [email protected] 1. Summary The People's Republic of China (referred to as China), is located in Eastern Eurasia, on the Pacific West Coast. Geographically speaking, nature has played a significant role in Chinese culture through its long history. China is filled with various kinds of natural resources. This paper explores some worldviews of nature from Chinese perspectives, particularly from traditional Chinese views on nature. 2. Introduction to China and Traditional Chinese Cultural Influences on Ethics China (known as " Zhong Guo" in Chinese) is the world's most-populous country with a population of over 1.3 billion in 2010 (2011 Sixth Chinese national census major data communiqué) accounting for approximately 19% of the world population. China has one of the largest areas for a single country, covering about 9.6 million square kilometers and borders 14 countries. 2.1 The Origins of "Zhong Guo" and its Ethics Value The word "China" means literally the "central state". According to the "Ci Yuan" (also known as "Chinese Etymology Dictionary"), in ancient times, the Chinese Huaxia group established their state in the Yellow River Basin area. They thought the state is located in the center of the world, thus, they called it as "Zhong Guo". Meanwhile, other places around China are called as "Si Fang" (four directions of north, south, west and east). It is also recognized as the origin of Tributary System (known as "Sino-centric sphere of order") in the ancient China. The word "Zhong" (literally meaning centre or mean) plays an important role throughout Chinese history, cultural and ethics development.