Strand: Interrelationships in Earth/Space Systems

Name______Date______Grade 5 SOL 5.6 Review –Oceans Made by SOLpass - www.solpass.org populations. Currents also affect navigation Standard 5.6 [email protected] routes. Reproduction is permitted for SOLpass subscribers only. The student will investigate and understand characteristics of the ocean environment. Key concepts include The concepts developed in this standard include geological characteristics (continental the following: shelf, slope, rise); physical characteristics (depth, Oceans cover about 70% salinity, major currents); of the surface of the Earth. biological characteristics (ecosystems); and Important features of the public policy decisions related to the ocean floor near the ocean environment (assessment of continents are the continental shelf, the marine organism populations, pollution As the depth of ocean water increases, the continental slope, and the continental rise. These temperature decreases, the pressure areas are covered with thick layers of sediments increases, and the amount of light decreases. (sand, mud, rocks). These factors influence the type of life forms that are present at a given depth.

The depth of the ocean varies. Ocean trenches are very deep, and the continental shelf is relatively shallow.

Ocean water is a complex mixture of gases (air) and dissolved solids (salts, especially sodium chloride). Marine organisms are dependent on dissolved gases for survival. The salinity of ocean water varies in some places Plant-like plankton (phytoplankton) depending on rates of evaporation and runoff produce much of the Earth’s oxygen and serve from nearby land. as the base of the ocean ecosystem. Plankton flourish in areas where nutrient rich water The basic motions of ocean water are the upwells from the deep. Phytoplankton are waves, ocean currents, and tides. eaten by animal-like plankton, swimming organisms, and those things that live on the ocean bottom.

Humans impact the ocean environment through their everyday activities. Responsible public policy decisions are part of maintaining a healthy ocean environment. These decisions  include improved monitoring of marine Ocean currents, including the Gulf Stream, are populations, placing bans on hunting or caused by wind patterns and the differences in harming certain marine mammals, placing water densities (due to salinity and temperature limits on catches of stressed populations, and differences). Ocean currents affect the mixing of greater emphasis on pollution prevention. ocean waters. This can affect plant and animal __3__wind

Match the columns

1. The amount of dissolved salts in ocean _12___phytoplankton water:

2. Cause of ocean currents: __1__ salinity

3. Most common cause of surface waves: __5__ a long distance surface current that 4. Long, narrow crevices that form the brings warms parts of Europe deepest parts of the ocean floor.

5. The Gulf Stream: __6__the moon

6. Tides are mainly the result of the gravitational pull of: __7__continental shelf

7. The shallow and relatively flat part of the ocean floor where marine life flourishes: __2__winds and water density

8. The Earth's deepest ocean: __8_Pacific Ocean 9. The deepest spot known on Earth:

10. The percent of the Earth covered by __9__Mariana Trench water:

11. A scientist who studies the ocean is an: __11__oceanographer

12. Plantlike organisms that float on or near the ocean's surface are called: _10__70%

_4___trenches

Match the columns 13. Ocean trenches are: _19__thick layers of sediment (sand, mud, 14. The continental shelf is: rocks)

15. The beach where you swim and play is _20__sonar part of the: _18__mid-ocean ridges 16. The salinity of ocean water depends on: _16__rates of evaporation and runoff from 17. The makeup of ocean water: nearby land

18. _15__continental shelf Underwater mountain ranges: _24__water pressure increases and the amount of light decreases

_13__ very deep

_23__phytoplankton 19. The ocean floor near the continents (continental shelf, slope, and rise) is _22__salinity and temperature differences made of: _14__relatively shallow 20. A device that uses sound to map the ocean floor: _17__a complex mixture of gases (air) and dissolved solids (salts, especially sodium 21. Motions of the oceans: chloride)

22. Ocean water vary in density due to: _21__waves, currents and tides

23. Producers of much of the Earth's oxygen:

24. As the depth of the ocean increases: 1. Oceans cover about______of the Earth’s b. high mountains surface. c. steep slopes a. *70% b. 50% 9. The wide, deep and flat mid-ocean c. 80% bottom is the: a. *abyssal plain 2. The shoreline, where the land meets the b. ocean trench ocean, is part of the: c. continental shelf a. continental slope b. *continental shelf 10. Underwater mountain ranges are called: c. abyssal plain a. abyssal plains b. continental slopes 3. The continental shelf is: c. *mid-ocean ridges a. the deepest part of the ocean b. fairly deep 11. Ocean water is a mixture of: (name all) c. *relatively shallow a. *gases (air) b. sugars 4. *True or False: The shallow water of the c. *salts, especially sodium continental shelf is teeming with life. chloride

5. The steep slope at the edge of the continental 12. The ocean’s salinity (saltiness) varies, shelf is the: depending on: (choose all correct items) a. ocean trench a. *runoff from nearby land b. *continental slope b. *the amount of evaporation c. mid-ocean ridge c. the amount of salt used on food by local people. 6. The floor of the continental shelf and slope is: 13. *True of False: Marine organisms are a. made of hard rock dependent on the dissolved gases in the b. *covered with sand, mud and ocean for survival. rock and thick sediment c. covered with only sand 14. Tides are mainly the result of the gravitational pull of the: 7. The deepest parts of the ocean are: a. *moon a. *ocean trenches b. sun b. continental shelves c. Earth c. mid-ocean ridges

8. Ocean trenches are deep ______. a. *a. deep canyons a. *from the sun b. by eating other organisms

21. ____ produce much of the Earth’s oxygen. a. people b. *phytoplankton

15. Ocean currents are caused by: (circle all that 22. All ocean life depends on ______apply) which form the base of the ocean food a. *wind patterns web. b. *differences in water density a. people caused by differences in water b. *phytoplankton temperatures and salinity c. fish c. earthquakes 23. Most (90%) of marine organisms live in 16. Oceans flow like rivers in well defined the: circular patterns called: a. *continental shelf a. *currents b. ocean trenches b. streams c. abyssal zone c. seas 24. Waves are most commonly formed by: 17. The variation in water density and wind a. sun patterns cause ocean currents. Colder water b. *wind is likely to be (less / *more) dense than c. animals warmer water. Water with (*higher/lower) d. salt salinity is likely to be denser. 25. Almost all sea creatures are dependent 18. The Gulf Stream is one of the Earth's upon: strongest currents. It moves north from the a. *phytoplankton tropics through the Gulf of Mexico, past the b. whales east coast of the United States and up to c. dolphins northern Europe. As a result, Europe is: d. humans a. *warmer than Canada at the same latitude. 26. Fishing line discarded in the ocean can: b. colder than Canada at the same a. be used as food latitude. b. catch fish c. *cut and kill sea creatures 19. The most important organisms of the ocean ecosystem are: 27. Salt in the ocean comes from: a. *phytoplankton a. air b. dolphins b. waves c. whales c. creatures d. *the weathering of rocks and minerals

20. Phytoplankton are plantlike producers that get their energy: 28. A ____ is a river-like movement of water c. *ocean trench within a larger body of water. d. abyssal or deep-ocean plains a. reservoir 34. Which is NOT a common cause of major b. *current ocean currents? c. tidal pool a. winds b. *volcanoes 29. Which of the following always increases as c. different water densities the ocean depth increases? a. *pressure 35. Phytoplankton are: b. temperature a. fish-like plankton c. food b. *plant-like plankton that get their energy from the sun 30. Which of the following decreases as ocean depth decreases? 36. The term “marine” in marine habitat, a. *pressure refers to: b. temperature a. *salt water habitats b. fresh water habitats 31. Which of these geological features is created 37. In the ocean, as depth increases: by living organisms? (choose all that apply) a. continental slope a. *temperature decreases b. mid-ocean ridge b. *pressure increases c. ocean trench c. *the amount of light d. *coral reef decreases 32. Coral reefs, salt marshes, and estuaries are 38. Ocean water is a mixture of: all: a. *air and salts (especially a. fresh water habitats sodium chloride) b. *marine habitats b. soil and sugar c. neither A 39. The salinity of the ocean depends on: W (choose all that apply) a. *evaporation B b. *runoff from the land C C c. the type of fish living in the area

40. Plant-like plankton or phytoplankton: D (choose all that apply) The diagram above shows the ocean floor. “B” a. *produce much of the Earth’s indicates the: oxygen d. water level b. *serve as the base of the e. *continental shelf ocean ecosystem f. ocean trench c. *flourish in areas where g. abyssal or deep ocean plains nutrient rich water upwells from the deep 33. “D” indicates the: d. *are eaten by animal-like a. mid ocean ridge plankton, swimming b. continental shelf organisms and those things that life on the ocean bottom e. live primarily in the deepest parts of the ocean 42. People can positively impact the environment by: a. *improved monitoring of marine populations 41. Which of the following commonly has a b. *bans on hunting or harming negative impact the ocean environment? certain marine mammals (circle all) c. *limits on catches of stressed a. *discarded plastic can holders populations b. salinity d. *greater emphasis on c. estuaries pollution prevention d. *old discarded fishing nets e. *chemical runoff 43. These forms of pollution can greatly f. currents affect marine life. g. rivers a. *insecticide and herbicide h. streams runoff i. marine biologists b. *garbage dumped at sea c. *untreated sewage from cities d. *excess farm and lawn fertilizer e. *acid rain