Table 1. Sociodemographics of Study Population

Table 1. Sociodemographics of study population Population Characteristics (denominator) Percentage Gender (15856) Female 51.2% (8117) Male 48.8% (7739 Age Group (15856) 20-29 0.1% (16) 30-39 1.1% (179) 40-49 9.2% (1462) 50-59 32.4% (5136) 60-69 29.4% (4663) 70-79 20.7% (3285) 80-89 6.8% (1078) >89 0.2% (37) Smoking status (15833) Never-smoked 71.6% (11340) Ever-smoked 28.4% (4493) Alcohol intake (15807) Non-drinker 76.1% (12037) Ever-drinker 23.9% (3370) Education level (15764) None 18.0% (2838) Primary 40.2% (6338) Secondary 37.0% (5838) Tertiary or above 4.8% (750) Occupation (11703) Housewife 28.8% (3373) Professional 1.9% (217) Non-manual 10.6% (1238) Manual skilled 10.4% (1216) Manual non-skilled 8.8% (1033) Unemployed 4.3% (503) Retired 35.2% (4123) Body mass index (15807) <18.5 1.2% (195) 18.5-22.9 22.3% (3526) 23-24.9 21.9% (3462) 25-27.4 26.3% (4162) 27.4-30 15.8% (2502) >30 12.4% (1960) Waist hip ratio (15789) Low (<0.8 female; <0.96 male) 25.8% (4070) Moderate (0.81-0.85 female; 0.96-1.0 male) 28.0% (4422) High (>0.85 female; >1.0 male) 46.2% (7297) Home monitoring* (15711) None 62.2% (9862) Urine testing only 1.1% (174) Finger prick testing 36.3% (5756) Mean duration of diabetes 7.3 years Comorbidities* (15856) Hypertension 57.6% (9135) Coronary heart 3.8% (601) disease 4.5% (710) Stroke *Percentages may not add up to 100% because of overlapping groups Bracketed values after percentages indicate number of patients

Table 2. Lipid profile and eGFR among study population

Clinical parameters 1 SD Mean blood pressure Systolic 138mmHg (18.3) Diastolic 76mmHg (10.5) Mean lipid profile TC 5.0 mmol/L (0.9) LDL 3.1 mmol/L (0.8) HDL 1.2 mmol/L (0.3) TG 1.6 mmol/L (1.1) Total cholesterol* <5.2 60.9% (9650) 5.2-6.2 28.8% (4570) >6.2 9.9% (1577) LDL* <2.6 30.4% (4816) 2.6-3.3 35.9% (5699) 3.4-4.1 23.2% (3678) 4.1-4.9 7.4% (1169) >4.9 2.1% (329) HDL* <1.0 16.5% (4673) 1.0-1.5 53.6% (8505) >1.5 29.5% (4673) TG* <1.7 68.1% (10797) 1.7-2.2 16.4% (2599) 2.3-5.6 14.1% (2235) >5.6 1.0% (165) Mean eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) 84.8 (23.2) Chronic kidney disease* Stage 1 38.5% (6100) Stage 2 48.8% (7736) Stage 3 11.7% (1859) Stage 4 0.3% (50) Stage 5 0.1% (8) Mean urine ACR 10.2 mg/mmol (42.7) Proportion normal 67.7% (10434) TC: total cholesterol; LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; TG: triglyceride; ACR: albumin to creatinine ratio; SD: standard deviation Bracketed values after percentages indicate number of patients *Percentages may not add up to 100% because of missing data Table 3. Drug use among study population

Type of Therapy Proportion of Patients* Diet alone 15.0% Glucose lowering therapy Metformin 51.0% (8079) Sulphonylurea 42.0% (6651) Glitazone 0.5% (81) Gliptin 0.2% (34) Insulin 1.2% (183) Anti-hypertensives None 50.3% (7948) ACEI or ARB 30.5% (4824) -blocker 20.9% (3302) CCB 32.5% (5140) Diuretic 8.9% (1410) Lipid lowering therapy Statin 20.7% (3273) Fibrate 2.4% (378) Aspirin 8.2% (1296)

ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker CCB: calcium channel blocker * Percentages do not add up to 100% because some patients may be taking more than one therapy

Table 4. Prevalence of diabetic complications

Complication* Percentage Diabetic retinopathy (n = 1920) Mild non-proliferative 12.1% (1711) Moderate to severe non-proliferative 0.5% (76) Proliferative 0.3% (48) Nephropathy (n = 5986) Incipient 30.9% (4765) Overt 7.9% (1221) Neuropathy (by monofilament/tuning fork) (n = 386) 2.4% (386) Reported numbness 5.4% (860) Presence of foot ulcer 0.5% (83) Absent foot pulses 0.2% (38) Foot deformity 4.3% (678) Presence of callosity 30.3% (4801) Presence of suspected skin infection 2.2% (348) Nail abnormalities 7.3% (1158) Erectile dysfunction (male only) 15.0% (1102) *Missing data is excluded from analysis