SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY and SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2008-2009 VKG – the Biggest Estonian Manufacturer of Shale Oils and Chemicals

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY and SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2008-2009 VKG – the Biggest Estonian Manufacturer of Shale Oils and Chemicals VIRU KEEMIA GRUPP JSC SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2008-2009 VKG – The Biggest Estonian Manufacturer of Shale Oils and Chemicals Viru Keemia Grupp, established KEY EVENTS, 2008-2009 VKG obtained a research and mining license The year 2009 was difficult for the enterprise in 1999, belongs to the biggest chemical for 350 mln tons of oil shale in Boltyski comparing to previous years: many enterprises in Estonia producing and deposit in Ukraine. investments have been postponed, such as construction of a cement plant and a new marketing shale oils. May, 2008 – the first sulphur recovery unit at turbine generator set. But due to this fact VKG Energia started its operation. Its price the construction of Ojamaa mine could start amounted to appr. 150 mln kroons. and the new oil shale processing plant could be inaugurated. The present sustainable development December, 2009 – construction of a new oil shale processing plant was completed. report has been published for the first time This plant will increase the enterprise`s performance by 40 % in 2010. in the history of the enterprise. Construction of a slant shaft has been We would like to bring into focus the started at Ojamaa mine. importance of environment protection and regional development in the activity Thous. kroons 2006 2007 2008 2009* 2010 forecasT of our enterprise. sales revenue 1 503 614 1 787 066 2 057 776 1 667 275 2 000 000 commercial profit 307 308 330 821 295 830 188 447 360 000 net profit 299 027 293 924 230 625 120 676 300 000 * Non-audited data 3 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2008-2009 sales revenue by services, 2009 During these last seven years Viru Keemia Grupp has spent over 900 mln kroons invested in environment protection and operational safety, as well as appr. 3 bln kroons directed into its development activity. sales revenue by producTs, 2009 The mosT inTensive invesTmenTs inTo environmenT proTecTion 2007 – construction of a semicoke deposit area. May, 2008 – purchase of a sulphur recovery unit; as a result hereof minimum 65 % of invesTmenTs in developmenT acTiviTy, sulphur are bound in burned fuel. environmenT proTecTion and operaTional safeTy 2008 – creation of shale oil filtration system which turns fuel oil production air-tight and environment-friendly. 5 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2008-2009 Content 3 vkG - The biGGesT esTonian 42 VKG ENErGIa OÜ 78 CONflICT Of INTErESTS manufacTurer of shale oils and chemicals 43 VKG TraNSpOrT JSC 78 COUNCIl. COMpOSITION, DUTIES aND payMENT 7 conTenT 44 VKG ElEKTrIVõrGUD OÜ 78 COOpEraTION Of THE BOarD aND 45 VKG ElEKTrIEHITUS JSC 9 abbreviaTions THE COUNCIl 47 2008 – 2009 KEy EVENTS 79 fINaNCIal rEpOrTING aND aUDIT 11 inTroducTion 50 EVOlUTION Of THE CONCErN 80 rISK MaNaGEMENT 53 GOalS Of THE ENTErprISE fOr 15 social environmenT THE pErIOD 2010-2011 85 environmenT proTecTion 15 SUppOrT Of rEGIONal DEVElOpMENT 54 prODUCTS aND SErVICES Of THE 85 GENEral ENVIrONMENTal pOlICy ENTErprISE 21 The enTerprise and iTs employees 87 ENVIrONMENT MaNaGEMENT SySTEM 59 ECONOMIC pErfOrMaNCES 25 lIfE-Long TraINING 88 STraTEGIC VISION Of THE fUTUrE ON 63 DEVElOpMENT aCTIVITy Of VKG MINIMIzaTION Of INDUSTrIal IMpaCT 27 VKG INITIaTIVES TO SUppOrT ITS 67 rECOGNITION Of VKG EMplOyEES 88 prOCESS WaSTE 31 OCCUpaTIONal SafETy aND HEalTH 90 EMISSIONS CarE SErVICE 69 secTor Trends in esTonia and worldwide 93 rESOUrCE USE 35 overview of The enTerprise 69 GlOBal TrENDS 96 Gri summary 36 BUSINESS pHIlOSOpHy 71 ESTONIaN TrENDS 37 MEMBErS Of THE BOarD Of VIrU KEEMIa GrUpp JSC 75 Good pracTice of manaGemenT of a commercial company 38 VIrU KEEMIa GrUpp JSC 75 SHarES aND EqUITy CapITal 39 VKG OIl JSC 77 GENEral aSSEMBly. 40 VKG KaEVaNDUSED OÜ ExErSICE Of rIGHTS Of SHarEHOlDErS 41 VIrU rMT OÜ 77 BOarD. COMpOSITION, DUTIES aND payMENT Abbreviations VKG viru keemia Grupp Mln Kr millions kroons roa reTurn on asseTs roE reTurn on equiTy thous Kr Thousands kroons GrI Global reporTinG iniTiaTive hPs heaT power sTaTion 9 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2008-2009 Introduction supporTinG susTainable reporTinG period of objecTives of reporTinG on developmenT susTainable developmenT susTainable developmenT facing deficiency of resources and One of the biggest employers in the Ida-Viru The present report on sustainable Through the present report Viru Keemia onrush of technology, the conception County, Viru Keemia Grupp is along with development has been delivered for the first Grupp wishes to present and develop the of a sustainable and counterbalanced the development of the enterprise focused time in the history of the enterprise. conception of sustainable development in development of the enterprise has become on progress of the social environment. Our the Ida- Viru County. a very topical problem. Interest towards the people are our greatest value, that is why This report on 2010 sustainable enterprise`s activity of the part of clients, last chapters of the present report cover development reflects first of all the The report aims to: investors and local residents does not activities devoted to both employees of VKG development made by the enterprise within limit itself just to knowledge of economic and residents of the Ida-Viru County. In spite two last years (2008–2009) and considering ► Make the organization`s activity indexes, but ever more often their wish is of the economic depression, VKG has always the fact the present report to be the first more transparent with the presentation to learn the enterprise`s activity more in been consistent in the field of investments one, comparisons with previous periods will of 2008–2009 economic, social and details. and industrial development. The emphasis be made, if necessary. environmental activities. of such a consistency is one of the key ► Describe ideas and activities of Viru Viru Keemia Grupp is one of the biggest stones of the present report. The next report on sustainable development Keemia Grupp for the nearest future. enterprises of chemical industry in Estonia, covering the years 2010-2011 will appear in the Baltic states and neighbour regions, 2012. ► Create confidence between people therefore prudent use of resources and interested in the enterprise`s activity, local environmental protection are now points of residents and employees of Viru Keemia great importance. The pages below reflect Grupp. activities of last years related to support sustainable development and ensure environmental security, and readers are given a review of future aspirations and operational program of Viru Keemia Grupp. 11 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2008-2009 sTrucTure and meThod of The an additional basis for making this TarGeT Groups resTricTions relaTed To The reporT report was the guidance material „Oil reporT and Gas Industry Guidance on Voluntary The report on sustainable development 2010 The basis of the report on sustainable Sustainability reporting“, worked out by Viru Keemia Grupp is a public document Drawing up a sustainable development development issued in 2010 are the guide by the International petroleum Industry available both on paper and electronically report is voluntary to organizations. Data materials of Global reporting Initiative Environmental Conservation association on the concern`s webpage in Estonian, reflected in the report have not been – GrI. GrI is an organization promoting (IpIECa) in cooperation with the american English and russian languages. Our first additionally checked by independent With this report Viru Keemia Grupp voluntary reporting, which consolidates petroleum Institute (apI). wish has been to present our enterprise parties, excluding the cases stated in the enterprises all over the world paying more in details: law. wishes to present and promote high tribute to sustainable development. The report on sustainable development is The organization is considered to be the subdivided into six chapters: ► To strategic investors to enable them The 2009 economic survey and the 2010 the development of sustainability founder of the conception of sustainable making informed investment decisions; forecasts have been prepared by Viru development, and advisable instructions 1. SOCIal ENVIrONMENT Keemia Grupp and were not subject to an ► To introduce to residents of the Ida- concept in Ida-Viru County. have been worked out. More details about audit. So, the 2009 data can differ a bit from 2. ENTErprISE aND ITS EMplOyEES Viru County the regional development the organization and instructions at: the statement confirmed and reflected in throughout last years and prospects for www.globalreporting.org. 3. rEVIEW Of THE ENTErprISE the financial annual report. future; 4. SECTOr TrENDS IN ESTONIa aND ► To clarify more closely to the employees The structure of the report by Viru Keemia WOrlDWIDE When reflecting data in the report, the Grupp on 2010 sustainable development is of Viru Keemia Grupp modifications made in enterprise relies upon the transparency based on the C-level of GrI G3 Guidelines 5. GOOD MaNNEr Of GOVErNaNCE Of a organization and activities. principle and good commercial practice. what presupposes reflecting of following COMMErCIal SOCIETy aspects at least: 6. ENVIrONMENT prOTECTION ► Short description of the enterprise with its most important economic indices. When drawing up the report, ISO and OHSaS sertification materials of the enterprise ► Modifications in the enterprise`s activity have been used. Data of environmental and and governance. labour
Recommended publications
  • Annual Report 2012
    Annual Report 2012 Aastaaruanne 2012 Kaane kujundus alles tuleb Creating New Energy! We will release the Group’s consolidated interim reports for the financial year 2013 as follows: Corporate • 1st quarter – 30 April 2013 Social Responsibility 2012 • 2nd quarter – 31 July 2013 • 3rd quarter – 31 October 2013 The audited results for the financial year 2013 will be released on 28 February 2014 Click here to read the Corporate Social Responsibility Report www.energia.ee/en/investor Contents Address by the Chairman of the Management Board 5 In Brief 7 Strategy 11 Business Environment 15 Financial Results 22 Environment 45 Corporate Governance 49 Consolidated Financial Statements 71 Consolidated Financial Statements Consolidated Income Statement 71 23 Trade and Other Payables 131 24 Deferred Income 131 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 72 25 Provisions 132 26 Revenue 134 Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 73 27 Other Operating Income 134 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 74 28 Raw Materials and Consumables Used 135 29 Payroll Expenses 135 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 75 30 Other Operating Expenses 136 31 Net Financial Income (-expense) 136 Notes to the Consolidated Financial statements 76 32 Corporate Income Tax 136 1 General Information 76 33 Cash Generated From Operations 137 2 Summary of Principal Accounting and Reporting Policies 76 34 Off-balance Sheet Assets, Contingent Liabilities and Commitments 137 3 Financial risk management 97 35 Assets and Liabilites of Disposal Group Classified as Held
    [Show full text]
  • EMD Oil Shale Committee
    EMD Oil Shale Committee EMD Oil Shale Committee Annual Report – 2015 Alan Burnham, Chair April 29, 2015 Vice-Chairs: Dr. Lauren Birgenheier (Vice-Chair – University) University of Utah Mr. Ronald C. Johnson (Vice-Chair – Government) U.S. Geological Survey Dr. Mariela Araujo (Vice-Chair – Industry) Shell International Exploration and Production Highlights Progress on oil shale continued in both the United States and around the world, but with a greater sense of urgency in countries with lesser quantities of conventional energy sources. New production capacity was brought on line in Estonia and China, and plans for production moved forward in Jordan. However, reductions and delays in development are starting to appear, particularly in the United States, due to the low price of crude oil. The current status is in flux, but it is too early to know whether we are seeing a repeat of the 1980s. In the U.S., the Utah Division of Water Quality issued a groundwater permit to Red Leaf Resources, which now has the go-ahead to establish a small-scale commercial production system based on the EcoShale process as a joint venture with Total. A challenge by environmental groups was settled by allowing access to groundwater monitoring data. However, that project is now delayed by a year or more, and the time will be used to accelerate design optimization. TomCo received temporary approval to establish a commercial operation using the EcoShale process 15 miles from the Red Leaf operation. Enefit is making progress getting permits for development of its private lands in Utah and successfully resolved a potential environmental roadblock by working with local officials, who created a conservation plan for a potentially rare plant.
    [Show full text]
  • Aastaaruanne 2017 (PDF)
    EESTI ENERGIA AASTAARUANNE 2017 ContentsSisukord Juhatuse esimehe pöördumine 3 Eesti Energia konsolideeritud raamatupidamise aastaaruanded 106 Lühidalt Eesti Energiast 7 Konsolideeritud kasumiaruanne 108 Kontserni tegevus- ja finantsnäitajad 11 Konsolideeritud koondkasumiaruanne 109 Tähtsamad sündmused 2017. aastal 12 Konsolideeritud finantsseisundi aruanne 110 Tegevuskeskkond 13 Konsolideeritud rahavoogude aruanne 111 Strateegia 22 Konsolideeritud omakapitali muutuste aruanne 112 Hoolime oma klientidest 33 Konsolideeritud raamatupidamise aastaaruande lisad 113 Hoiame keskkonda 39 Anname ühiskonnale tagasi 48 Audiitori aruanne 186 Meie inimesed 53 Kasumi jaotamise ettepanek 193 Maksujalajälg 61 Sõnastik 195 Ühingujuhtimine 65 Investori informatsioon 196 Riskijuhtimine 78 Majandustulemused 83 Elektrienergia 85 Võrguteenus 88 Vedelkütused 90 Muud tooted ja teenused 92 Rahavood 94 Investeeringud 97 Finantseerimine 101 2018. aasta väljavaade 104 Juhatuse esimehe Eesti Energia aastaaruanne 2017 3 pöördumine Hea lugeja! Tegevuskeskkond meie ümber on suurtes muutustes. Ollakse arusaamisel, et energiatootmine peab puhtamaks muutuma. Samal ajal tiheneb konkurents kõigis valdkondades, kus Eesti Energia tegutseb: ka meie viimane reguleeritud tegevusala – võrguteenus – on aina enam muutumas konkurentsiäriks. Et suudaksime tegevuskeskkonnas toimuvate muutustega toime HANDO SUTTER I Juhatuse esimees tulla ja konkurentsis püsida, vaatame igal aastal üle Eesti Energia strateegilise tegevuskava. 2017. aastal uuendasime kasvule ja puhtamale energiale suunatud
    [Show full text]
  • 20120316 Eesti Energia Roadshow Presentation Final
    Eesti Energia Investor Presentation 19 March 2012 Disclaimer This presentation and any materials distributed or made available in connection herewith (collectively, the “presentation”) have been prepared by Eesti Energia AS (the “Company”) solely for your use and benefit for information purposes only. By accessing, downloading, reading or otherwise making available to yourself any content of the presentation, in whole or in part, you hereby agree to be bound by the following limitations and accept the terms and conditions as set out below. You are only authorized to view, print and retain a copy of the presentation solely for your own use. No information contained in the presentation may be reproduced, redistributed or the contents otherwise divulged, directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, in any form by any means and for any purpose to any other person than your directors, officers, employees or those persons retained to advise you, who agree to be bound by the limitations set out herein. The presentation does not constitute or form part of, and should not be construed as, an offer, solicitation or invitation to subscribe for, underwrite or otherwise acquire, any securities of the Company or of any member of its group nor should it or any part of it form the basis of, or be relied on in connection with, any contract to purchase or subscribe for any securities of the Company or of any member of its group, nor any other contract or commitment whatsoever. Any person considering the purchase of any securities of the Company must inform himself or herself independently before taking any investment decision.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian Electricity System Security of Supply Report 2019
    ESTONIAN ELECTRICITY SYSTEM SECURITY OF SUPPLY REPORT 2019 Tallinn 2019 FOREWORD Where will electricity come from in Estonia in 2030? I have recently often been asked where electricity will come from if the Narva power plants are closed. It is clear that transmission lines do not generate electricity and, to generate electricity, there has to be a power plant somewhere on the same electricity market. In addition, sufficient connections from the power plant to consumption have to be built to transport electricity from and to consumers. Let it immediately be said that the Estonian electricity system has for a long time already no longer only been based on the Narva power plants and, bearing in mind our climate goals, the future of the security of electricity supply in Estonia is not oil shale-fired power plants. Even if the regrettable malfunction at the Balti substation near Narva in May had had an impact on the operation of the power plants of Eesti Energia, it did not pose any risk to the operation of the Estonian electricity system as a whole. The risk of one producer, one power plant, to the security of electricity supply in Estonia has reduced to an acceptable level by today. In Estonia, the consumption has recently been near 800 MW, of which that generated in Narva accounts for approximately 400 MW. Thus, the Estonian consumer’s security of electricity supply has to be analysed considering a more comprehensive picture of electricity generation and transmission lines than only Eesti Energia’s power plants or Estonia. We do that in everyday close cooperation with other electricity suppliers in Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • ELERING AS (Incorporated As a Public Limited Liability Company Under the Laws of the Republic of Estonia) €225,000,000 0.875 Per Cent
    PROSPECTUS ELERING AS (incorporated as a public limited liability company under the laws of the Republic of Estonia) €225,000,000 0.875 per cent. Notes due 2023 Issue price: 99.907 per cent. The €225,000,000 0.875 per cent. Notes due 2023 (the "Notes") are issued by Elering AS (the "Issuer"). The Issuer may, at its option, redeem all, but not some only, of the Notes at any time (i) at par plus accrued interest, in the event of certain tax changes, or (ii) at the Relevant Early Redemption Amount (as defined in, and all as further described under "Terms and Conditions of the Notes - Redemption and Purchase"). In addition, upon the occurrence of a change of control of the Issuer and, in certain circumstances, a related ratings downgrade (as further described under "Terms and Conditions of the Notes - Redemption at the Option of the Holders on a Change of Control") holders of the Notes may require the Issuer to redeem or, at the option of the Issuer, purchase (or procure the purchase of) the Notes at par plus accrued interest. The Notes mature on 3 May 2023. This document has been approved by the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority, in its capacity as the United Kingdom competent authority (the "UK Listing Authority") for the purposes of Directive 2003/71/EC, as amended (the "Prospectus Directive") and relevant implementing measures in the United Kingdom, as a prospectus issued in compliance with the Prospectus Directive and relevant implementing measures in the United Kingdom for the purpose of giving information with regard to the issue of the Notes.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries
    Estonia 2013 Please note that this PDF is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at http://www.iea.org/ termsandconditionsuseandcopyright/ 2013 Energy Policies OECD/IEA, © Beyond IEA Countries Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries Estonia 2013 One of the fastest-growing economies in the OECD, Estonia is actively seeking to reduce the intensity of its energy system. Many of these efforts are focused on oil shale, which the country has been using for almost a century and which meets 70% of its energy demand. While it provides a large degree of energy security, oil shale is highly carbon-intensive. The government is seeking to lessen the negative environmental impact by phasing out old power plants and developing new technologies to reduce significantly CO2 emissions. The efforts on oil shale complement Estonia’s solid track record of modernising its overall energy system. Since restoring its independence in 1991, Estonia has fully liberalised its electricity and gas markets and attained most national energy policy targets and commitments for 2020. It has also started preparing its energy strategy to 2030, with an outlook to 2050. Estonia is also promoting energy market integration with neighbouring EU member states. The strengthening of the Baltic electricity market and its timely integration with the Nordic market, as well as the establishment of a regional gas market, are therefore key priorities for Estonia. Following its accession to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2010, Estonia applied for International Energy Agency (IEA) membership in 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • Eesti Energia Interim Report
    Eesti Energia Interim Report 1.4.2005 – 31.3.2006 Contents OVERVIEW 3 OPERATING RESULTS 5 INVESTMENTS 6 DEBT 7 SHORT-TERM OUTLOOK 8 DEFINITIONS 9 NOTES 10 FINANCIAL TABLES 11 2 Overview 1.4.2005- 1.4.2004- Change Key financial figures 31.3.2006 31.3.2005 Revenues, € th. 533 549 397 420 136 129 34,3% incl. domestic sales of electricity 315 914 284 310 31 604 11,1% EBITDA, € th. 264 998 148 983 116 015 77,9% EBIT, € th. 165 218 61 365 103 853 169,2% Net Profit, € th. 135 796 42 870 92 926 216,8% Net Fixed Assets, € th.1 1 252 427 1 199 979 52 447 4,4% Equity, € th.1 971 508 840 110 131 397 15,6% Net Debt, € th.1 195 879 268 675 - 72 795 -27,1% CAPEX, € th. 152 722 159 891 - 7 169 -4,5% FFO, € th. 235 848 127 697 108 151 84,7% Debt/(Debt+Equity)1 26,2% 26,9% -0,7% ROIC 14,4% 5,5% 8,9% EBITDA interest cover 8,9 8,1 0,8 FFO/Net Debt1 120,4% 47,5% 72,9% FFO/Interest Expense 7,9 7,0 1,0 FFO/Capex 152,1% 79,9% 72,3% EBITDA margin 49,7% 37,5% 12,2% EBIT margin 31,0% 15,4% 15,5% 1 - balance sheet figures are end of period Eesti Energia’s the most significant event in the FY 2 005/06 was the start of the building process of the Estonian – Finnish subsea cable Nordic Energy Link.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2018
    Annual report 2018 We contribute to making the world a cleaner place 1 Large-scale energy production 35 Cash flows 94 Contents Network services 42 Investment 97 Development projects 46 Financing 100 Eesti Energia at a glance 3 We protect the environment 49 Outlook for 2019 104 80 years of innovative Eesti Energia 7 Our people 55 Chairman’s letter 11 We give back to society 59 Eesti Energia Highlights of 2018 15 Tax footprint 64 consolidated Operating environment 17 Corporate governance 67 financial Strategy 24 Risk management 79 statements 106 Customer services Financial results 27 83 Income statement 108 Statement of comprehensive income 109 Statement of financial position 110 Statement of cash flows 111 Renewable energy Statement of changes in equity 112 Notes to the financial statements 113 31 Revenue and EBITDA 84 Electricity 85 Independent auditor’s report 195 Distribution service 88 Profit allocation proposal 203 Shale oil 90 Glossary 205 Other products and services 92 Investor information 206 Eesti Energia 106 million euros: at a glance NET PROFIT for 2018 2.5 billion euros: INVESTMENTS 4 in the last BUSINESS LINES: 10 years customer services, renewable energy, large-scale energy production, network services 875 Established million euros: REVENUE in 1939 for 2018 5,763 6 employees* HOME MARKETS: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Finland, Sweden 3 100% owner: REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA * number of employees at 31 December 2018. 8 5 6 7 2 3 9 1 4 4 BUSINESS LINES LARGE-SCALE ENERGY PRODUCTION: 1. Oil shale mines I 2. Thermal power plants I 3. Oil plants NETWORK SERVICES: 8.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Wind Power on Electricity Market Competition in the Baltic Countries
    POLITECNICO DI TORINO Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Ingegneria Energetica e Nucleare Tesi di Laurea Magistrale The impact of wind power on electricity market competition in the Baltic countries Supervisors Candidate Prof. Ettore F. Bompard Alessio Coccia Prof. Sanna Syri Advisor M.Sc. Anahita Farsaei Academic Year 2019/2020 Summary In the 1990s, Nordic electricity market inaugurated as a pioneer regional market. Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) deregulated their power markets and joined the Nord-Pool market during 2010-2013. Today, major share of electricity in Baltic countries is produced from fossil fuels. Main energy source for electricity generation is natural gas, in Latvia and Lithuania respectively followed by oil shale in Estonia. Over the past few years, the increasing penetration of renewable energy systems intensified in order to meet EU-wide targets and policy objectives (40-27-27 target by 2030 within the EU). Regional cooperation is an opportunity to meet 2030 RES targets of Baltic countries. In particular, installing wind power dramatically rises as a result of a great potential especially in Northern Europe. In Baltic countries, Lithuania is forerunner in wind power by over 500 MW capacity followed by Estonia and Latvia with 309.96 MW and 78 MW respectively. A change in capacity mix could affect competition in the electricity market. This thesis attempts to provide an overview of the market power scenario over the years in Baltic countries. Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), a market concentra- tion index, is chosen to conduct this exploratory study. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is a common measure of market concentration and is used to determine market competitiveness.
    [Show full text]
  • WEC Congress IA Paper Final
    Developments in Production of Synthetic Fuels out of Estonian Oil Shale Indrek Aarna Enefit Outotec Technology OÜ Abstract (100 words) Estonia is still the world leader in utilization of oil shale. Enefit has cooperated with Outotec to develop a new generation of solid heat carrier technology – Enefit280, which is more efficient, environmentally friendlier and has higher unit capacity. The breakeven price of oil produced in Enefit280 process is competitive with conventional oils. The new technology has advantages that allow easy adaptation to other oil shales around the world. Hydrotreated shale oil liquids have similar properties to crude oil cuts. Design for a shale oil hydrotreater unit can use process concepts, hardware components, and catalysts commercially proven in petroleum refining services. Keywords: oil shale, retorting, upgrading 1. Introduction The first written information about oil shale in Estonia was documented already in 1777 [1]. The occurrence of burning rock on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland is present in the travel notes of the 18th century naturalist and explorer Johann Anton Güldenstädt [1,2]. Studies of Estonian oil shale resources and mining possibilities intensified in the beginning of 20th century due to industrial development of Saint Petersburg and a shortage of fuel resources in the region. In 1918 the first mine was opened in North-Eastern Estonia. At that time, oil shale was used primarily in the cement industry and as a household fuel. Shale oil production started in Estonia in 1921, when the first experimental oil shale processing retorts were built in Kohtla-Järve [2]. These retorts used vertical retort technology, the forerunner of the current Kiviter processing technology.
    [Show full text]
  • EESTI ENERGIA AKTSIASELTS (Incorporated As a Joint-Stock Company Under the Laws of the Republic of Estonia)
    EESTI ENERGIA AKTSIASELTS (incorporated as a joint-stock company under the laws of the Republic of Estonia) €500,000,000 2.384 per cent. Notes due 2023 Issue price: 100 per cent. The €500,000,000 2.384 per cent. Notes due 2023 (the “Notes”) of Eesti Energia Aktsiaselts (the “Issuer”) will, unless previously redeemed or purchased and cancelled, be redeemed by the Issuer at their principal amount on 22 September 2023. The Issuer may, at its option, redeem all, but not some only, of the Notes in the event of certain tax changes at their principal amount plus accrued interest, in each case as described under “Terms and Conditions of the Notes – Redemption and Purchase”. The Notes will bear interest from, and including, 22 September 2015 at the rate of 2.384 per cent. per annum payable annually in arrear on 22 September in each year. The first payment will be made on 22 September 2016. See “Terms and Conditions of the Notes – Interest”. Payments on the Notes will be made in euro without deduction for or on account of taxes imposed or levied by the Republic of Estonia (“Estonia”), to the extent described under “Terms and Conditions of the Notes – Taxation”. This document has been approved by the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority, in its capacity as the United Kingdom competent authority (the “UK Listing Authority”) for the purposes of Directive 2003/71/EC, as amended (the “Prospectus Directive”) and relevant implementing measures in the United Kingdom, as a prospectus issued in compliance with the Prospectus Directive and relevant implementing measures in the United Kingdom for the purpose of giving information with regard to the issue of the Notes.
    [Show full text]