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www.belmontlittleleague.org Managers Guide To Farm League

No: Yes: Scores Fun Standings Good sportsmanship Statistics Encouragement Losers Safety Negative behavior Skill improvement Center of attention Rules of the game Focus on results Focus on efforts

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1 Table of Contents I. Introduction...... 4 A. How to use this Handbook...... 4 B. What is Farm League?...... 4 C. Where to we play and practice?...... 4 D. Roles and Responsibilities...... 4 E. Important Dates, Events and Contacts...... 5 F. Code of Conduct...... 7 G. Where can I get schedule, contact info and other information?...... 7 II. Philosophy...... 8 A. Working with Kids...... 8 a) Keep it FUN...... 8 b) Teamwork...... 8 c) Teach the Basic Skills...... 8 d) Patience and Be Positive...... 8 e) Communication...... 9 f) Safety...... 9 g) Sportsmanship...... 9 B. Working with Parents...... 9 a) Get them involved...... 9 b) Communication...... 9 c) Challenging Situations...... 10 d) Emphasize fun, skill and non-competitiveness of league - Encourage Positive Attitude...... 10 III. Recruiting...... 11 A. Coaches...... 11 B. Umpires...... 11 C. Head Teams Parent (Snack duty, EOS Ceremonies, etc.)...... 11 IV. Building Your Team...... 12 A. Tryouts (Skill Assessment)...... 12 B. The Draft...... 12 C. Coaches communication...... 13 D. Team Goals...... 13 E. Team Rules...... 13 F. Required Equipment...... 14 G. Paperwork...... 14 H. Team Meeting...... 14 V. Basic Skills...... 15 A. Throwing Skills...... 15 B. Catching Skills...... 16 C. Hitting Skills...... 16 D. Base Running Skills...... 17 E. Infield Skills...... 18 F. Outfield Skills...... 19 G. Catcher Skills...... 20

2 VI. Practices...... 22 A. Plan Objectives...... 22 B. Design practice around objectives (skills)...... 23 C. Coaches – Pre/Post...... 23 D. Pre/Post Team Talk...... 24 E. Drills...... 24 F. Clinics...... 24 G. Scrimmage...... 25 H. Game Situations...... 25 I. Sample Practices Plans...... 25 VII. Games...... 26 A. Track and Plan (positions, batting line up)...... 26 B. Coaches...... 26 C. Umpires...... 26 D. Parents...... 26 E. Pre/Post...... 26 F. Game Rules...... 27 VIII. End of Season...... 31 A. Awards Ceremony...... 31 B. Skills Comp...... 31 Appendix A- SPECIAL MARINA RULES FIELD MAINTENANCE...... 32 Appendix B – Parent’s Sample Letter...... 33 Appendix C – Sample Practice Plan...... 36 Appendix D – Practice Chart...... 38 Appendix E – Drills and Clinics...... 39 Appendix F - BRSLL Complaint Procedure...... 40 Appendix G – Sample Offenses and Consequences...... 41 Appendix H – Operating the Pitching Machine and the Default Settings...... 43 Appendix I – Managers and Coaches Code of Conduct...... 46 Appendix J – Parents Code of Conduct...... 47 Appendix K – Players Code of Conduct...... 48

3 I. Introduction

A. How to use this Handbook Use this handbook as a guide to managing your team. Some of you might be new to managing and may have a lot of questions. This handbook attempts to answer your questions, as well as give you suggestions and tips on how to manage your team. Read it before you the season starts. Actually, it would behoove you to read it before the draft.

B. What is Farm League? Farm league is the second division within the Belmont / Redwood Shores Little League (BRSLL) and is for 7/8 year olds as of April 30th.

Farm League is typically composed of 12 teams with approximately 12-13 kids on each team. Each team has 3 coaches (one of which is the Team Manager), 2 umpires, 2 scorekeepers (we do not keep score; the scorekeeper tracks the lineup) and 1 Head Team Parent.

Farm League is NON-COMPETITIVE; there is no score kept during the game. This is to help ensure that the kids learn to enjoy the game and are able to enhance their athletic skills and sportsmanship. The goal is to basically have fun and learn baseball skills. If at any time a parent, coach or child acts contrary to this goal, they will be warned and potentially suspended from playing in this league. For more information on this policy, see the Complaint Policy in Appendix F, Sample Offenses and Consequences in Appendix G and Managers, Parents and Players Code of Conduct (appendix I, J and K)

C. Where to we play and practice? Teams practice twice a week, usually at Ralston School and Cipriani School, and play one game on Saturdays and sometimes on Sundays. Games are usually played at Ralston School (Saturdays) and the Marina Sports Complex (Sundays). Check our website, www.belmontlittleleague.org, for a complete schedule.

D. Roles and Responsibilities The following describes the roles required to operate a successfully Farm Team.

Team Manager: The Team Manager is responsible for the team. They are responsible that the Farm League’s philosophy, goals, Codes of Conduct and rules are communicated, monitored and enforced. They are also responsible for the equipment that is distributed at the beginning of the season. They organize practices and get everything coordinated for the games. They work with the Team Coaches to ensure the above is executed. They are also the main contact between their team and the VP of Farm for any communication of events, information, concerns, questions, etc. For each

4 practice and game, the Team Manager is responsible for ensuring that all of the players’ medical forms are at the game in case of any injuries. The Manager also ensures that children are rotated through the fielding positions to ensure that all children participate in all fielding positions through out the year.

Team Coach: The Team Coaches are responsible for helping organize and conduct the team practices as well as the games. They are the principle means through which players will learn how to play the game of baseball during practices and games. It is critical that the Team Coaches keep in mind that the game of baseball is for the kids and is meant to be FUN. Therefore, the role of the Team Coach will require a lot of patience and willingness to work with the kids in helping them to learn the rules of baseball and good sportsmanship.

Team Umpire: The Umpires are responsible for officiating the game. The umpires must attend the umpire’s clinic to get certified. The umpire’s goal is to call the game fairly and to use their best judgment. The umpire should also encourage the players to try their best, acknowledge good efforts and discretely point out the correct rules when players do not know/understand the correct rules of the game.

Team Scorekeeper: The Scorekeepers are responsible for counting the number of batters and keeping the batting order.

Head Team Parent: The Head Team Parent helps coordinate the efforts of the Team Parents. They act as the main contact between the Team Parents and the Team Manager as well as the VP of Farm for and communication of events, information, etc. The Head Team Parent coordinates the supplying or drinks/snacks for your teams after each Saturday game. The Head Team Parent also coordinates the end of year party for their team. The Head Team Parent should recruit some parents to help them with the above. The Head Team Parent also manages who runs the concession stand for games played at Mariners (Belmont Sports Complex).

Team Parent: By default, everyone else is a Team Parent. The Team Parent will supply drinks/snacks for your teams after each Saturday game as least once during the season, based on a schedule determined by the Head Team Parent. Some Team Parents may also be asked to help coordinate the end of year party for your team.

E. Important Dates, Events and Contacts Managers meeting: All managers will get together with the VP of Farm to review philosophy, rules, codes of conduct and goals. The upcoming events (such as the tryouts and draft) will also be reviewed in detail. This is a good opportunity for Managers (new and experienced) to ask questions and get informed about Managing in Farm.

Tryouts: Managers and Coaches will assess the players’ baseball skills. The kids will go through throwing, hitting, running and fielding drills and the managers/coaches will

5 assess their skills. This is done so that the teams will be balanced. This is covered in more detail later in this manual.

Draft: All players will be drafted IE all players will end up in a team. The objective of the tryouts and draft is to ensure that the teams are balanced as much as possible. This is covered in more detail later in this manual.

Team meeting: This is the time when parents and their kids meet their manager. At this meeting the roles of Coaching, Umpiring, Scorekeeping, Head Team Parents and Team Parents should be finalized. The manager will review the league’s philosophy, roles, responsibilities, rules, etc.

Picture Day: Picture Day is when all of the Little League players have their individual and team pictures taken. In order to accommodate all of teams that need to get their pictures taken, it is very important that you arrive 15 minutes before your scheduled picture time. All players should be dressed in their complete uniform and should be sure to have the picture form filled out and in their hand to turn in to the photographer. Please do not bring bats, gloves or baseballs.

Opening Day: Opening Day is a traditional ceremony in Little League and is an exciting time to see our kids all dressed up in their new uniforms anxious to “play ball”! Here is a typical Opening Day Ceremony schedule (please check to verify times): - 8:15 AM – Arrive at Belmont Sports Complex (parking may be difficult) - 8:30 AM - Teams begin to be announced in alphabetical order and are assembled onto the field - 9:30 AM – National Anthem; Presentation of Board Members; Presentation of City Dignitaries; Presentation of Figone Award; Little League Pledge; First Pitch - 10:00 AM – First game begins

Mid Season Managers’ checkpoint: This is a meeting held half way through the season to discuss with Team Managers how things are going and to talk about possible improvements that could be made. Although this meeting is not mandatory, it is highly recommended that all attend because the input received from this meeting will directly apply to our future Farm League efforts.

Family Day: This is a great opportunity for all of the parents and players get out to the ball field and enjoy many social and athletic events. There are typically many events going on including a raffle, drawing, food, dunk tank and baseball games. This is a chance for our kids to feel a real sense of pride, accomplishment and excitement as they are being watched by their parents and friends.

End of Season: Last game.

Team Parties / Award Distribution: At the end of the year, it is appropriate to hold a team party. The Head Team Parent along with the other Team Parents should coordinate this party. Typically, the party includes getting all of the parents and kids together at a

6 restaurant and having a presentation of the trophies and yearbooks to the players. This is a nice way to wrap up the season.

Important Contact Information: Name Position Email Phone Address Robert Notte VP of [email protected] 787-4713 321 St. Martin Dr. Farm Redwood Shores, CA 94065 Dan Dutra President [email protected] 591-0675 BRSLL PO Box #1 or BRSLL Belmont, CA 94002

Belmont Redwood Shores Little League has a website that lists schedules, teams, team managers, board members, contact information, rules, park locations, etc. The address is www.belmontlittleleague.org. You should always check this website for the latest contact information, schedules, etc.

F. Code of Conduct As Manager (or Coach) you’ll need to read, sign and submit the Manager/Coach’s Code of Conduct to the Division VP. Coaches should submit theirs to their Manager and the Manager should submit theirs (and their Coaches’ form) to the Division VP. It is important that you understand the Code of Conduct and follow them. Failure to do so can result in disciplinary actions such as verbal warnings up to being expelled from the league. Appendix I lists the Manager/Coaches’ Code of Conduct.

Parents also have a Code of Conduct. All parents must read, sign and submit the Parents’ Code of Conduct to the Team Managers. Appendix J lists the Parents’ Code of Conduct.

Finally, the kids have a Code of Conduct. The Code of Conduct should be read to the kids at least 3 times by the Manager and/or Coach. Appendix K lists the Players’ Code of Conduct.

G. Where can I get schedule, contact info and other information? BRSLL has a website that lists schedules, teams, team managers, Board members, contact information, rules, park locations, etc. The address is www.belmontlittleleague.org. Check it out.

7 II. Philosophy

Guess what? You're A Role Model. You're probably the most important role model that your players have during the season. Players are going to look to you not only for guidance and instruction, but they will be watching and listening to how you react to every situation.

The key thing to remember is to focus on EFFORTS, not results, in a positive manner. For example, saying “Good try” when a player misses a grounder goes a long way.

A. Working with Kids

a) Keep it FUN Develop practices that let them do the things they enjoy. Kids learn better in a fun environment. They’ll want to keep playing and practicing if it’s fun. Don’t organize your practices where kids spend too much time standing around and not enough time playing. For example, having one kid hit fly balls while having the rest of the team shagging balls is only fun for one kid. Kids want variety and action. They want to develop different skills and they want to run around and have fun. A practice that keeps them moving, playing games and learning, and has a variety of activities, provides an environment that kids will enjoy.

b) Teamwork All kids want to be accepted and liked by their peers. Playing on a team gives kids the opportunity to form friendships and interact with other kids in a setting other than school. You’ll have kids at different skill levels. Teach your more skillful players to be aware of their teammates skills and adapt.

c) Teach the Basic Skills Kids love learning new skills. Just watch the joy of a child making contact for the first time or catching a ball for the first time. As their skill level improves, the challenges must also increase. If they are not challenged they will lose interest. At this age, it’s all about teaching the basic skills. Your goal is to have each player learn these skills. As Mike Krzyzewski once said, 'You hear, you forget. You see, you remember’. Try to show them instead of just telling them.

d) Patience and Be Positive Players need a patient, supportive coach that can teach and motivate in a positive way. Knowing how to be positive and having the ability to communicate with your players is more important to a successful season than knowing many aspects of the game.

8 e) Communication Your challenge as a coach is to ensure every kid experiences some level of success at every practice and game. Always express appreciation for their efforts, accomplishments, discipline, etc. Encourage positive behavior and giving it your best. Each player needs to know that you care for him as an individual and that you believe he is an important part of the team. Take time to talk to all players individually.

f) Safety Safety First! Use common sense. Ask yourself: Is the practice field safe? Are the bats leaning against the fence? Do the kids know when they can pick up bats? Are the kids not on the field behind the backstop during batting? Are their fingers off the fence? Are the helmets padded enough? Etc. Make sure you always have the kids Medical Release Forms.

g) Sportsmanship As a coach it's important that you teach the value of sportsmanship. It’s ok to show joy when your team makes an exciting play, but not at the expense of the player on the opposing team. Always show the other team respect. Your leadership is the best way to get this across to your players. Interact with the players on the other team. Compliment them when they make a good play. Show your players that you appreciate the other team and the opportunity to play against them.

B. Working with Parents Parents can get emotional watching their kids play. Their emotions can range from pure joy and pride to anger and disappointment. While their intentions may be good, the strong emotional bond between parent and child can lead to some irrational behavior.

a) Get them involved A “win-win” situation for both the managers/coaches and parents is to get the parents involved. The more the merrier. There is always work to go around. Have the parents help with practices, snack duty, end of season party, etc. It helps you reduce your workload and it helps the parents feel like they are part of the team (which they are). They will also see that running a team is a lot of work and they will appreciate your efforts more.

b) Communication Get started early. Introduce yourself to the parents by giving them a call. Also, email them a letter detailing your coaching philosophy, expectations and rules (See sample letter in Appendix B). Give them a list of the kids’ names in your team, along with their parents name and contact info. Include the game schedule, practice schedule and any other important dates/events.

9 c) Challenging Situations Parents watching their kids play baseball can be an emotional experience. I believe most parents don't realize how emotional they become when they get caught up in the moment of watching their child in a competitive environment. Because of this, problems may arise, even in a non-competitive league.

If a parent confronts you, do your best to listen and respond to them with empathy. It's important that you listen to their concerns and take a real interest in what they are saying. Don't feel like you have to defend yourself right away. Sometimes listening to the concern and telling the parent that you will think about the situation and get back to them is enough to diffuse the situation. Just by doing that you validate the concern and show that you're open to suggestions. Parents want to feel like their input is taken seriously and that they have a say in what's happening with their child. You then can take the time to analyze the comments and see if there's any validity to the concerns. When you call the parent or talk to them at the next practice they will most likely be much calmer. It will also give you a chance to calm down. Parent complaints at the end of a game can be infuriating. Remember that you are a role model to the kids. If you can't handle the situation without getting upset, then it's best to tell the parent that you have to go and you will call them later.

If you think you're going to have a situation with a parent that you may not be able to resolve, document all the conversations that you have with that parent. What exactly is their complaint? Were they insulting or angry? What was your response? This way if you have to go to league administrators about the parent you can accurately describe exactly what has gone on. This will help the administrators in not having to take sides over a he said, she said type of argument.

d) Emphasize fun, skill and non-competitiveness of league - Encourage Positive Attitude Emphasize that the league is not competitive. Communicate that the league focuses on learning skills and rules of the game, safety, fun and good sportsmanship. There are no scores, standings, statistics and losers.

There is always something positive in any situation. If parents see you with a positive attitude, chances are this will reflect on them and go a long way toward establishing a great relationship. Focus on the positive. For example, if a kid continuously drops the ball – tell him/her “good try”. Show them the proper technique but stay positive.

The Parents’ Code of Conduct (Appendix J) is something that should be reviewed with parents. It is important that parents understand it before the season starts.

10 III. Recruiting All Managers and Coaching assignments will be reviewed by the Farm League Vice- President and approved by the League Board. All volunteers must complete and submit a Volunteer Form to their Manager. The Manager must then submit these forms to the division VP.

A. Coaches and Assistant Coaches As Manager, you’ll need to recruit 2 coaches. It is highly recommended that you recruit your coaches before the player draft. If you do not have 2 coaches before the draft, contact the divisions VP as a number of parents express interest in coaching at signups. The coaches’ kids will be protected so that they will be in your team (see The Draft section for draft rules). Once your team is formed (after the draft), you’ll want to recruit a few assistant coaches to help you manage all the kids. It would be preferable if the assistant coaches know the basic skills and the rules of the game but if they know how to catch and throw, recruit them. At this age, most kids will need one on one/two attention. They are learning how to catch and throw so they will need special attention from the adults in order to master these basic skills.

B. Umpires Each team must supply an Umpire for each game. Therefore you’ll need to recruit at least one umpire from your team. It is a good idea if you recruit a back-up umpire. Your coaches can also sub as Umpires when necessary. See the Umpire Section later in this guide.

C. Head Teams Parent (Snack duty, EOS Ceremonies, etc.) and other volunteers You’ll need to recruit one Head Team Parent to organize the snack schedule and the end of season team awards party. You’ll also need to recruit a scorekeeper and a backup scorekeeper. You may be asking yourself why do we need a scorekeeper when we don’t keep score… A scorekeeper actually counts the number of batters and keeps the batting order. A coach can also sub as a scorekeeper.

Also, you should also recruit two to three parents to help get the fields ready before the games and put it away after the games. Getting the fields ready involves dragging the field, watering it, chalking it and placing the bases and cones. Post game field duties involve dragging the field, watering it and removing the bases and cones. The home team is responsible to set up the field before the game and the visiting team dismantles it after the game.

11 IV. Building Your Team

A. Tryouts (Skills Assessment) Tryouts (or Skills Assessment) are necessary in order to make the teams as fair and balanced, in regards to skill level, as possible. Each team’s manager will evaluate each player’s skills. Five skills will be assessed (hitting, fielding, base running, throwing and catching). Managers will score the kids based on a 1 to 5 rating for each skill, where 1 is beginner, 2 is low intermediate, 3 is intermediate, 4 is high intermediate and 5 is mastered. Points will be added for each player and the total will be the player’s rating.

B. The Draft 1) Player Selection shall be made by the Draft method. a) All teams shall consist of as many players as required until all eligible candidates are placed on a team. b) Draft order shall be determined by a blind draw among the managers prior to the start of the draft. c) The rounds will alternate first to last and last to first (1st round 1,2,3,...,12; 2nd round 12,11,10.....1; 3rd round 1,2,3,...,12; etc.) d) Teams may not have more than 8 eight year olds and no fewer than 3 eight year olds unless total number of 8 year olds dictates otherwise. e) Special requests by parents shall be observed as much as possible. f)Draft Attendance shall be limited to the following: i) Each team manager and approved coaches ii) League President iii) Player Agent iv) League Registrar v) Farm Vice President vi) Other approved Board Assistants selected by the Player Agent 2) Protected Players. a) Manager/Coach(es) i) The manager has the option to protect his child. ii) Up to two approved coach(es) may exercise the option to protect his/her child iii) Protected players option(s) shall be exercised before the appropriate round: - Manager round three (3) & Coaches round four (4) and round five (5, if necessary). b) Brother/Sister Option. i) All brother/sister options must be declared before the draft begins. ii) If drafting two eligible siblings - Option must be taken in the next round after the first brother/sister is taken. 3) Player Placement Policy a) Players who become eligible to play after the draft is conducted shall be placed on a team by the Farm VP. The Farm VP shall place the players on teams to balance the number of players on each team.

12 b) If possible, no team shall have more than one (1) player more than any other team in the league.

C. Coaches communication Once you have your coaches, discuss/review:  Your Coaching Philosophy  The Game Rules  Develop the Team Goals together (see Team Goals section for suggestions)  Develop the Team Rules together (see Team Rules section for suggestions)  Map out Skills Level – What skills do we work on and when  Map out Practice Outline – go over typical practice outline  Coaches’ responsibilities during practice - go over what you would like the coaches to do during practices (see practice section)  Coaches’ responsibilities during games- go over what you would like the coaches to do during games (see game section)  Managers/Coaches Code of Conduct (Appendix I) – make sure it is read, signed and the bottom half of the form returned to you. You must then return the bottom half to the division VP.  Also, make sure all coaches have completed a Volunteer Form. You must return those forms to the division VP.

You may want to take a stab at defining some of the points above, sharing it with your coaches and asking them for their feedback. This may work better than starting with nothing.

D. Team Goals As Managers and Coaches, you should set some team goals. Some good ones include:  Every kid should have better skills at the end of season than the beginning  Every kid says that they want to play again next year  Every parent thanks you for a job well done  Every kid develops the skills necessary to be successful at this level and is prepared for next season.  Every kid has fun and develops a love for the game.  Every kid learns about the importance of teamwork and sportsmanship.  No injuries  No complaints

E. Team Rules Work with your coaches to develop the team rules. Rules should include:  Parents/kids should be at practice on time  Parents/kids should be at games 15 minutes before the start of the game

13  Kids shall not touch equipment unless told so by coach  Kids shall pay respect to coaches, umpires, managers, scorekeepers, parents and other parents.  Kids who do not show respect or disrupt practices/games get a warning. If they repeat, they get to sit on the bench for a few minutes.  Kids who come to practices may get preferable positions/playing time over those who do not attend practice.

F. Required Equipment The uniforms (cap, shirt, pants and socks) are provided by the league. The league provides helmets, catcher’s gear, bats and balls for practices and games. Kids should always bring their gloves and wear cleats. It’s a good idea if the kids write their name and phone number on their glove, bat, uniform, etc. in case any of it is left behind. Kids should wear athletic supporters as they may play the catcher position at practices and games.

G. Paperwork Make sure every child in your team has the proper Medical forms filled out by their parents.

H. Team Meeting By now, you should be ready to conduct a Team Parent meeting. At the meeting, make sure everyone introduces themselves. State how you are going to run the team, state your philosophy and goals. Let them know that there is no score keeping (this is a non- competitive league) and the attention is on having fun and learning the game. Communicate the Team Rules (see Team Rules section) and Team Goals (see Team Goals section). Let them know how you are going to distribute playing time; how are you going to determine who plays where; what skills and values you are going to emphasize. Let them know what time you expect them and their kids at practices and games, what they need to bring, etc. Ask them to let you know when the kids will not be at practices or games at least 2-3 days before. Keep them in the loop. Let parents know how their kids are doing.

Review practice and game schedule. Review what the kids should bring and wear at practices. Share contact information. Go over paperwork. This is a good time to complete your recruiting of coaches, umpires, scorekeepers and team parent.

Review the Parents Code of Conduct with the parents. Make sure the sign it and return the bottom half to you. This will also be the first time you’ll review the Players Code of Conduct with the players. Make sure they are listening and understand it.

14 V. Basic Skills

A. Throwing Skills Throwing requires the entire body to work together in order to throw the ball accurately and with force. All positions on the field require the ability to throw the ball accurately. Good throwing mechanics will enable your kids to make plays. When you warm up with the team before practice or play catch in the back yard, make sure you work on your mechanics and strive to improve your accuracy.

The five steps to throwing a ball; they are:

1) Foot work There are three types: a) Turn and throw Turn your body perpendicular towards the target. Your glove shoulder should point towards the target. While you’re turning, get the ball out of your glove and grip the ball. Weight should be on your back foot. b) Step and throw Take a step with towards the target with your catching side foot. Your body should point towards the target. While taking your step, get the ball out of your glove and grip the ball. Weight should be on your back foot. c) Shuffle and throw Turn your body perpendicular towards the target. Your glove shoulder should point towards the target. While you’re turning, get the ball out of your glove and grip the ball. Weight should be on your back foot. Shuffle your feet once or twice to pick up momentum. 2) Grip the ball Grip the ball with your index and middle fingers across the seams to ensure a good grip. Kids with smaller hand may need to use three fingers. Keep your thumb under the ball. Keep the ball out on the fingertips, not back in your hand. 3) L Shape Raise your throwing arm behind your head in an L shape. Weight should be in on your back foot. Aim for the receiving players chest. 4) Over the top Transfer your weight forward to your front foot. Swing your throwing arm over your throwing shoulder and let the ball go. 5) Follow through Follow through by moving your back foot forward and land it in the ready position. Continue moving your arm downward. Your body should complete the motion by facing the target.

Note: See Appendix E for websites that have suggested throwing drills.

15 B. Catching Skills Catching is a critical part of the game. Here are the steps kids should follow when catching a ball: 1) Ready Position Square up your shoulders and face the person throwing the ball. Have your hands up just under your chest, with your hands open facing the thrower. Have your knees slightly bent and your weight on the balls of your feet. Basically, you want to be ready to move 2) Go to the ball Get ready to move into a position to give you the best opportunity to catch the ball. If it's thrown over your head take a drop step and go after it. If it's thrown a few feet to your side, move and try and get in front of it. Basically move towards the ball. 3) Watch the ball into the glove Keep your eyes on the ball. Watch it go inside the glove . 4) Glove position (below/above waist) If the ball is thrown above your waist you should catch the ball with your thumbs together, closing your bare hand over your glove as you make the catch. If the ball is thrown below your waist, catch the ball with your little fingers together and again close your bare hand over your glove as you make the catch. 5) Use Both hands Once the ball enters your glove, immediately squeeze the glove closed and place your other hand over the glove.

Note: See Appendix E for websites that have suggested catching drills.

C. Hitting Skills A lot of people make hitting a lot more complicated than it needs to be at this age. Basically, your job is to teach the kids how to swing the bat properly, and if they make contact, great! A good swing and missing the ball is better that a bad swing and making contact. Keep hitting simple for now, 4 easy steps. 1) Ready Position Wear a helmet! a) Grip, Have a loose grip across your fingers, not the palm of your hand. b) Foot Position Spread your feet slightly wider than you shoulder width, with the majority of your weight on your back foot. Your toes should point towards the plate. Make sure you are comfortable. Make sure you can tap the front right corner of the plate with out moving your feet. This ensures you have complete plate coverage. c) Hand/Bat Position For a right-handed batter, the hands should be behind the right shoulder, with the right elbow bent and pointing down. The bat should be held at roughly a 45 degree to the hands. 2) Pick up the ball Pick up the ball as soon as it is released. Strengthen your grip; begin moving your shoulders and hips forward; turn them slightly into an open position. Move the bat

16 farther from the body. Keep your eyes on the ball and track it all the way in while keeping your head still. Take a small step forward as the ball is approaching. 3) Swing Transfer your weight forward (from back foot to front foot) by driving your legs and hips forward. Pivot your back foot and push towards your front foot. Turn your hips first and then your shoulders; drop your hands and bring the bat forward with power. Keep your eyes on the ball as you make contact. 4) Follow through Complete the swing by continuing bringing your arms around to the opposite shoulder. Keep your eyes on the ball.

Note: See Appendix E for websites that have suggested hitting drills.

D. Base Running Skills What’s easier for a kid than running? Kids love to run. Your job is to keep it fun while teaching them the bases, when to run, when not to run, when to run through a base, when to cut the base etc. It’s not as easy as it sounds… 1) Know the bases First thing’s first, the kids need to know the bases. Where’s first base? Where’s second base? Third base? Home plate? Where do you run after you hit the ball? Where do you run after you run to first base? Repeat these questions at every practice. Hold up a diagram of the diamond and have them show you where the bases are. 2) 1st / 3rd base coach instructions After learning the bases, the kids need to know when to run through first base vs. rounding it and going for second. The best thing to tell them is to watch the bag in front of you and listen to the first base coach. It’s important that the kids know that after they hit the ball, they should run hard to first and listen for instructions from the 1st base coach. When heading to second base, they need to listen to the first base coach as to whether to stop at second or round second and go for third. The thirds base coach instructs the runner from second to third and onto home. 3) Getting out of the box The important thing here is after the hit and follow-through, the kids need to drop the bat immediately, i.e. don’t have them throw the bat. A lot of kids will be so excited from the hit that they will throw the bat… a possible hazard. If they forget to drop the bat, have them run with the bat for a few steps and then drop it. Slowly, they will remember. The other thing you should tell them is to get out of the batters box immediately after the follow through, put your head down slightly and run. Don’t look and admire your hit. 4) Home to 1st While running towards first base, look at the first base bag. Listen to the 1st base coach’s instructions, which will either be “run through”, “round and hold”, “go to second”. If the coach shouts “run through”, keep running after you step on the bag (for a few steps) and fade to the right. Come back to the bag after taking those few steps after crossing the bag. If the coach shouts “round and hold”, round the bag and take a few steps after crossing the bag. The 1st base coach should help you find where the ball is; be ready to come back to 1st quickly or go to second base. 5) Home to 2nd, 3rd, Home

17 If the 1st base coach yells “go to second”, round first and run hard to second. Look at the 2nd base bag while running. The 1st base coach will tell you what you should be doing before you get to 2nd base, i.e. “hold up at second” (remember no sliding) or “go to third”. Overrunning a bag is easy at this age; so practice timing your running so that you can come to a full stop at the bag. 6) 2nd to 3rd, Home, 3rd to Home At this point, the 3rd base coach should instruct you what to do, which is either “hold up at third” or “run home”. If running home, don’t forget to step on the plate (a lot of times kids may be so excited about scoring that they will do whatever they can to avoid the tag.) Stay within the base line and touch the bag/plate. If you miss the bag/plate, stop and go back and touch it.

Note: See Appendix E for websites that have suggested base running drills.

E. Infield Skills Infield play is important to the success of any defense but it’s ok to make errors. At this age, there will be a lot of them, missed balls, wild throws, etc. But if you work on having the kids giving 100% and practice the skills below, you’ll start seeing fewer errors, guaranteed. 1) Positions First things first, you need to learn the bases and positions. Once you know the bases (where’s first, second, etc.), you need to then learn where the first, second, third baseman and shortstop play. A lot of kids will think that a second baseman will play on second base, a third baseman will play on third base. Your coach will remind you where the proper position plays. 2) Dead ball vs. Live ball You need to know when a ball is Live or Dead. When the ball is dead, play is dead. You cannot advance a base when play is dead. More importantly, when a ball is live, play is live. You need to be alert and be aware of where the ball is. Your coach will remind you when play is live and dead. 3) Ready position When you get in the ready position, you need to be ready to field a hard line drive AND move. Bend your knees and back comfortably. Place your feet a little wider than shoulder width apart. Put your weight on the inside balls of your feet so you can push off in either direction easily. Place your hands out in front of your body but comfortable and not too far away 4) Lateral shuffle Get in front of the grounder. Get in the habit of moving toward the grounder as you prepare to field it. Approach the ball in a controlled manner that is aggressive but not out of control. Shuffle laterally and get in front of the ball as quickly as possible. Do not charge at the ball unless it’s a slow roller. 5) Fielding ground balls As you get closer to the ball, begin breaking down to get into position to field the ball. To do this, shorten your steps and widen your feet. Get square to the ball. Bend not only at the knees but also with your back. Put your hands out in front of your body and open your glove toward the ball with your bare hand on top.

18 Watch the ball all the way into your glove and use both hands to trap the ball. Suck up the ball from that position into a position to throw. Get the ball out of your glove quickly, turn and look at your target, step and throw. 6) Cutoff/Relays At this age, outfielders should get into the habit of throwing the ball to the cut-off infielder. That should be the second baseman for the right fielder and the shortstop for the center fielder and left fielder. Go out to the outer edge of the infield, in between the thrower and the pitchers mound. Raise your arms so the outfielder knows where you are and can see his target. Listen to your coach as to where to throw it after you catch it. After catching the ball, either throw it to the pitcher, run it into the dead ball zone (circle around the pitcher’s mound) or throw it at one of the bases depending on the situation. 7) Catching fly balls (see outfield) 8) Force out (when to tag vs. when not to tag) At this age, if you’ve thought the kids the meaning of a force out, you’ve done one heck of a job. Basically, a force play is when a runner is forced to run to the next base because the hitter hit a grounder. For example, if a base runner is at first base and the hitter hits a grounder, the base runner is forced to the next base. Or if there are base runners at first base and second base and the hitter hits a grounder, the base runners are forced to the next base. Finally, if the bases are loaded and the hitter hits a grounder, the base runners are forced to advance. A tag is not required on force plays. You need to step on the base / home plate with the ball in hand/glove. For non-force plays, a tag is required. 9) Double Play I wouldn’t waste your time trying to teach the kids about double plays. Concentrate on making sure the kids understand force out. If they understand it, then you can move on to double plays. Double play is challenging. The kids need to complete four skills quickly. Field the grounder and throw to second base. Catch the ball, step on the bag, turn and throw to first base.

Note: See Appendix E for websites that have suggested infield drills.

F. Outfield Skills 1) Positions First thing’s first, you need to learn where the positions play. A lot of kids will get confused between left and right field. Your coach will remind you where the proper position plays. 2) Dead ball vs. Live ball See Infield section. 3) Ready position See Infield section. 4) Fielding ground balls Get in front of the grounder. Get in the habit of moving toward the grounder as you prepare to field it. Approach the ball in a controlled manner that is aggressive but not out of control. Shuffle laterally and get in front of the ball as quickly as possible. As you get closer to the ball, begin breaking down to get into position to field the ball. To do this, shorten your steps and widen your feet. Get square to the ball. Bend not only at the

19 knees but also with your back. Put your hands out in front of your body and open your glove toward the ball with your bare hand on top. Watch the ball all the way into your glove and use both hands to trap the ball. Suck up the ball from that position into a position to throw. Get the ball out of your glove quickly, turn and look at your cut-off and get ready to throw. On the other hand, if the ball is rolling, charge at the ball. Pick up the ball with you bare hand, stand up, look at your cut-off and get ready to throw. 5) Throwing to the cutoff Depending on how far you are from the cut-off will determine whether you’ll do a toss throw, step / throw or shuffle / throw (see Throwing section). Even if you are a few feet from the cut-off, throw to the cut-off person so you can get into the habit of throwing to the cut-off. You’ll want to get the ball to the cut-off as quickly as possible. Don’t be distracted as to what’s going on in the infield. 6) Catching fly balls From the ready position, run to where you think the ball will come down, doing your best to keep your eye on the ball. Make quick glances to where you running to, making sure there are no obstacles or players in your way. If you think you’ll catch the ball, yell loudly “I’ve got it, I’ve got it”. If someone else yells it after you’ve yelled it, stop running and let that person catch it. Extend your glove out in front of your head. Follow the ball all the way into your glove. After the catch, throw the ball to the cut-off quickly. 7) Backup Fly balls will be few and far between so keep yourself in the game. Do so by backing up infield plays. Every time the ball is hit to the infield, back up the play. The right fielder should backup balls hit to 1st and second. The center fielder should back up balls hit to 2nd and the short stop. The left fielder should back up balls hit to the third base.

Note: See Appendix E for websites that have suggested outfield drills.

G. Catcher Skills The catcher is one of the busiest players on the field because they are involved in every pitch. The position is demanding. 1) Dead ball vs. Live ball See Infield section. 2) Squat/Positioning Squat in a comfortable crouching position a couple feet behind home plate. Extend the mitt out in front of your body. Protect your throwing hand by placing it behind your body or leg. Balance your weight on the balls of your feet and keep your feet shoulders width apart. 3) Catching Though we use pitching machines, get into the habit of providing a target. Pick a target and don’t move it until the machine has released the ball. Open and turn your glove down for a pitch thrown down and in. Close your glove and turn it down for a pitch thrown down and out 4) Fielding

20 Burst out of the crouch and head straight for the ball. Pick up the ball with your bare hand, stand up, look at your target and get ready to throw. Depending on how far you are, you may want to shuffle / throw or step/ throw. If you are unsure where to throw, listen to your coach’s instructions as to where to throw. 5) Pop flies Find where the ball is. Take off your mask and toss it away. Your coaches and teammates will tell you where the ball is. Get under the ball and catch the ball softly with both hands above your chin. Watch the ball all the way into your mitt.

Note: See Appendix E for websites that have suggested catching drills.

21 VI. Practices The key to running a productive season is to plan ahead and get organized. Have a well- defined master plan for your practices, including goals and objectives. The master practice plan should be your road map as far as developing the kids’ baseball skills. Write your master practice plan and share it with your coaches before the season starts. So how do you develop your master practice plan? See the sections below…

Some other tips: - Try to learn the kids name as quickly as possible. Use name tags for the first few practices. This will help you and your coaches. - Be prepared to deal with a large group. Best way to do this is to divide the team into smaller groups. - Keep attendance. If the need every arises where you need to decide on which player you need to choose for an activity, choose the one that attended the most practices. - Try to avoid waiting time. Often, kids are waiting for their turn and the mind starts to wonder. Try to make use of every minute. This can be accomplished by dividing your team in smaller groups when performing drills. Assuming that you’ll have one baseball field for practice, split the team in groups and have your coaches help you with the drills. For instance, have one group work in the infield, another in the outfield, another in the batting cage, etc. - Keep it fun. Make a game out of the drills. If the drills are fun, the kids will not lose interest, they will learn quicker and they will enjoy themselves. Make it boring and you lose them.

A. Plan Objectives The first thing you’ll want to do in developing your Master Practice Plan is to prioritize your objectives: 1) Decide which skills (from section IV) you’d like to accomplish and when you’d like them accomplished. 2) Organize practices to achieve skills based on your timeline. Do this by creating a chart that lists the practice dates horizontally and the skills vertically (see Appendix D for sample practice chart) 3) Plan each practice based on accomplishing the skills goals. How? See next section.

22 B. Design practice around objectives (skills) Plan ahead. This is the best advice I can give you. Design the practice ahead of time. How? First off, you should develop a standard practice template. A practice template is an outline of your practice. For example, a template I like to use is:  Goals / Skills to be covered are 1)______2)______3)______ Prepare field for practice (15 min)  Coach Pre-Practice Meeting (15 min)  Practice Starts: Team Pre Practice Talk (5 min) o Review rules (at least for the first few practices) o Review today’s goals o Review some hot topics, key concepts, etc.  Stretches (good time to take attendance)(5 min)  What skill should be covered in the clinic? (Coach 1)  Drills A (2 x 20 min) o Group A (Coach 2) o Group B (Coach 3)  Drills B (2 x 20 min) o Group A (Coach 2) o Group B (Coach 3)  Scrimmage (20 min)  Team Post Practice Talk (5 min) o Review what was learned o Team Cheer o Next game? – when? Against who? Where? What time the kids need to be there, who’s coming, who’s not, who’s umpiring?  Practice ends  Coach Post Practice Talk (10 min) Plug in your objectives for the practice from your master practice plan (chart). You should also include any parts of the last game that did not work as well as you would have liked. Plug in the drills that will help you achieve the practice objectives. Plug in the clinic that will help you achieve the practice objectives. Plug in which coach which run with drills/clinic.

C. Coaches – Pre/Post Part of the practice plan should include what you want your coaches to do. Which coach will run the clinic? Which coach will run which drills? It’s always nice to get volunteer coaches but if they have baseball skills, even better. Try to get the coach that has the best skills for the drills/clinic.

A few days before each practice, assign drill and clinic responsibilities to your coaches and email them to your coaches so they can prepare and ask you questions before the

23 practice. This way you can iron out any issues with your coaches before the practice rather than during practice (you want to make good use out of every precious practice minute).

Your coaches should come to the practice 10-15 minutes before practice so you can review the practice plan with them (aka Pre Practice Coaches meeting). Review the drills and clinics with them and see if they are comfortable running these drills/clinic.

After the practice, review the results with your coaches… what worked, what didn’t, suggestions for next practice, kids feedback (who did well, who needs further guidance, etc.).

D. Pre/Post Team Talk Keep the Pre Practice Meeting short, i.e. less than 5 minutes. Cover some of the game’s key concepts so that the kids memorize them (e.g. the bases, aim for the chest when throwing, listen to the coaches when running, positions, etc.). Briefly cover what skills you’re going to cover. For the first few practices, you’ll want to go over the team rules with the kids and parents.

As for the Post Practice Meeting, again keep it short. Briefly review what you learned. Talk about the next event (game or practice), i.e. who you’re playing against, when and where. Take a minute and have a brief meeting with the parents about the next game… review where the next game is at, what time they should be there, who’s umpiring, etc. Always end the practice with a team cheer.

E. Drills As mentioned, the drills selected for your practice should help you achieve your goals. For example, if one of your goals is to cover throwing techniques, your practice should cover drills that cover step / throw and lateral shuffle / throw techniques.

In order to take advantage of every precious minute of practice time, divide your team in smaller groups and assign each group to a specific drill. Have each coach responsible for the drills. Start the drills by carefully reviewing what you would like the kids to do. Take your time, repeat yourself loudly, make sure your drive the message through. Once the drills begin, ideally, your job should be to monitor the time and the groups, ensuring that the skills are being taught and followed properly and lend a helping hand to your coaches. When the time is up, rotate the groups.

For example, assign group A to infield drills and assign group B to outfield drills. Assign coach 1 to the infield drills and coach 2 to the outfield drills. Another example, assign group A to base running drills in the infield and group B to hitting skills in the outfield. Assign coach 1 to the base running drills and assign coach 2 to the hitting skills.

24 F. Clinics Clinics are specifically designed for one-on-one time between the coach and the player. Clinics are ideal for practicing hitting, catching, throwing, catcher, fielding grounders and fly balls. You may want to use clinics for kids who are having trouble with these basic skills. For example, if a child has difficulties catching, assign them to the clinic for a portion of the practice and have a coach work with the child on basic catching skills.

G. Scrimmage The purpose of scrimmage play is to put to use what the kids learned at practice. Kids usually enjoy scrimmage. Keep it fun, fast moving and have the kids play different positions. See Appendix E for websites that have suggested scrimmage drills.

H. Game Situations There may be game situations you would like to go over and practice with your team, especially if it was a real game situation that occurred and your team was unprepared for. For example, force outs situations. At this age though, learning the basic skills is priority one. Once the basic skills have been mastered, then you can move on to game situations. Therefore, I wouldn’t spend too much time on game situations. You may save this for the second half of the season.

I. Sample Practices Plans See Appendix C for Sample Practice Plans.

25 VII. Games

A. Track and Plan (positions, batting line up) Set up your batting order and positions before the game. It can get tricky is players don’t show up for the game so be prepared to make quick adjustments. Also, track the positions the kids play. For instance, you’ll need to be fair and make sure every kid has had a chance to play every position, at least once. You’ll also want to make sure that every kid has played in the infield. Be fair. Assign each position to each kid the same number of times. Note any special accomplishments – effort, teamwork, determination, and mention it at future practices.

B. Coaches Have your coaches come 20 minutes before the game and review what they should do during the game (who will cover 1st base, 3rd base, who will operate the pitching machine). For instructions on operating the pitching machine and the default settings, see appendix H. Make sure a coach keeps an eye on the on-deck circle. For safety reasons, players are not allowed in the on-deck circle.

C. Umpires Each team needs to assign an umpire for each game. Find out if your umpire will be at the game well before the game. If not, see if the back up umpire will be there. If not, find out if the opposing team can supply at least one umpire (you can have a game with one umpire only). If not, each team will need to provide a coach as an umpire. Umpires are an important part of the game. It’s always a good idea to get 2 umpires for your team.

D. Parents Encourage parents to show good sportsmanship by demonstrating positive support for all players, coaches, and officials at every game and practice. Though they will cheer for their child during games, remind them to try to keep from yelling instructions to them. Remind them that this is the kids’ opportunity to enjoy playing the game. Much of the fun is lost if their Mom or Dad is always yelling instructions.

E. Pre/Post Get there early – at least 30 minutes before the game. Introduce yourself to the coach on the other team.

Have your team come 15 minutes before the game so that they can warm up. Have a pre-game pep talk 5 minutes before the game. Reinforce the skills they’ve learned, teamwork, good sportsmanship and most importantly have fun. Remind the kids that the on-deck position is not permitted. Announce the batting lineup and positions. Because you’ll need to rotate the players every inning, announce the positions each

26 inning before they take the field. After the game, praise your players. Focus on effort. No matter the result of the game, remind the kids that there is no score and everyone is a winner and the important thing is to have fun. Have the kids shout a cheer for the opposing team. Line the kids up for handshakes with the opposing team. Before the kids leave, have them do a team cheer.

You may want to make notes on opportunities for improvement and think about how to address them in practice.

A general rule in the league is that the home team sets up the field and the visiting team disassembles the field. This includes setting up and storing field equipment (Tee, chalk, cones, etc.).

F. Game Rules NO SCORES OR SEASON STANDINGS SHALL BE KEPT! 1) The Playing Field. a) In lieu of an outfield fence, pylons (a minimum of five) shall be set at pre-marked locations (140 ft down the foul lines and 155 ft in center). b) A line shall be marked in the base paths at the midpoint between each 1st, 2nd, 3rd and home. c) A 9-foot pitching circle will be chalked around the pitching rubber. (This shall not apply at the Marina Field) d) A pitching machine will be used to deliver pitches to the batters (see appendix H on how to operate the pitching machine and the default settings). i) The batting team’s coach or manager will feed and operate the pitching machine. ii) Prior to the game starting the managers will verify the pitching machine’s settings are correct (see appendix H to get the default settings). The pitching machine should be tested prior to the game. Changes to the settings are not allowed. Minor adjustments should be made by adjusting Height Adjustment Screw or rear part of base. See Appendix H for more details. e) The distance between the bases should be 60 feet. f) The distance between the mound and home plate is 45 feet. 2) Game Preliminaries. a) All players must wear a team hat and jersey. b) No player shall play in the same defensive position for more than 2 innings in a game. Each player shall play a minimum of four (4) defensive innings, including one inning each in the infield and outfield. c) The home team shall be responsible for the field preparation. The home team shall be on the first base side of the field. d) A Team shall field no more than 10. The 10th defensive shall be an outfielder (e.g. a short center). A fielding pitcher shall be positioned within the designated area, prior to the ball being put in play. e) Teams must have a minimum of 7 players. Players may be borrowed from the opposing team if both managers agree and both teams have at least 7 players. f) There is no on-deck circle. During the game, players are not permitted to warm

27 up, take practice swings, etc. anywhere on the field, except for the hitter currently at bat. 3) Starting/Ending the Game. a) All players shall bat in roster order. i) If a player is injured or cannot continue at bat, he/she will be replaced by the next player in the batting order and assume the count. b) The offensive half of an inning shall end when 3 outs have been recorded or 8 batters have batted; whichever occurs first. This 8-batter limit shall not apply in the sixth inning or the last inning of the game, when play shall continue for 3 outs or until the entire roster has batted once. The players shall bat in proper order, carrying over from the 5th inning (or previous inning). This applies to both teams. c) The batting order shall be established prior to the start of the game and shall be maintained throughout the game. Players arriving late shall be placed at the bottom of the batting order. (A game has begun as the first pitch is delivered.) d) The team at bat is allowed an adult base coach at 1st and 3rd base. e) All players shall remain behind the restraining line when not involved in play. f)Managers must request time out when wishing to give instruction to a batter. g) Protests are not allowed. h) Games are limited to a 2-hour time limit or six innings, which ever come first. i) Managers and coaches are not permitted on the field (except for the manager/coach operating the pitching machine) during play. j) Only the team manager and coaches are permitted to ask for time from an umpire to visit their players on the field. They may not enter the field until they have permission to do so. 4) Live/Dead Ball. a) The fielding-pitcher, or any other defensive player within the pitching area, shall receive the ball from his/her own players and will give the ball to the Pitcher-coach (Person feeding the pitching machine.) i) The ball is dead after once any defensive player has control of the ball with at least one foot inside the pitching circle. The chalk line shall be considered the part of the circle. ii) A batted ball hit to a defensive player in the pitcher’s circle is live if the defensive player attempts to make a play, otherwise the play is dead. If the defensive player in the pitcher’s circle does not attempt a play from the batted ball, all base runners advance one base from their previous base and the hitter is awarded first base. b) When a ball is thrown out of play all runners get the base they were going to plus one. A base is considered “the one they were going to” only if the halfway mark has been reached prior to the ball becoming dead. i) A ball shall be considered a “dead ball” when it goes past the “out of play line”. The “out of play line” shall be defined as the imaginary line extending from the end of the backstop parallel to the foul line. c) When a batted ball strikes the coach/pitcher the pitch shall not count. d) The coach-pitcher may receive the ball from the catcher or other defensive players only if the ball is not live.

28 e) When a batted ball strikes the pitching machine, the ball shall be declared dead, and the batter and any runners on base shall be allowed to advance one base. f) A fielded ball that is thrown and hits the pitching machine shall be considered live until and unless the umpire calls it dead. 5) The Batter. a) A batter shall be given five pitches. If the batter fouls the 5th pitch he/she shall continue to receive pitches until he/she hits or misses the ball. After 5 pitches, a batting tee shall be used. The batter shall be allowed unlimited swings using the tee. A hit off the tee can result in no more than a single and base runners can only advance one base. Defensive players may attempt a play on any runner. The pitching machine operator should set up the tee and remain off the field while the hitter hits. b) If a batter throws a bat after hitting the ball, the batter shall receive a warning on the first offense, be called out on the second offense, and be required to sit out the remainder of the game on the third offense. c) Any batted ball that lands beyond the outfield pylons before touching in fair territory or strikes a pylon or fielder and lands beyond the pylon shall be a home run. d) Batted balls that land in fair territory and continue beyond the pylons shall be considered live. All runners shall advance at their own risk of being put out. All runners shall be restricted to a maximum of two bases. e) No bunting is allowed. An attempted bunt shall count as one pitch. Any ball that is hit due to a full swing is a live ball regardless of how far it goes. 6) The Runner. a) If a base runner is injured, the last retired batter will replace the runner. b) No leading off or stealing is allowed. c) No sliding is allowed. d) Tagging up is permitted. 7) Umpires a) One umpire shall be furnished by each team. Only upon mutual agreement by both managers may a game be umpired by one umpire. b) A parent is qualified to umpire if they are familiar with basic baseball rules and they have read and understand the Farm supplemental rules. c) One umpire shall call plays at 1st and 2nd; the other calling plays at 3rd and home. The umpire at 1st shall have the responsibility of counting pitches, swings off the tee and outs. d) Scorekeepers shall be responsible for counting the number of batters and keeping the batting order. If an out of order is caught before a hit or out, the batter shall be removed and the proper batter inserted. If noticed after a hit or out but before the first pitch to the following batter, the condition is restored to what it was before the hit or out and the proper batter inserted. If the first pitch has been thrown to the following batter, play will continue but the out of order player will be restored to his proper place in the order. e) No infield fly rule shall be called. 8) Rain Outs a) If it is raining at the field 30 minutes prior to your scheduled game time, then the

29 game will be considered rained out. b) If it is not raining at the field 30 minutes prior to your scheduled game time, then the game will be played as usual (unless it rains during the game). c) The managers will decide if the game should be called due to rain. d) The basic rule is if the field is wet and the risk is there that players can slip and get hurt then the game should be called. e) Rained out games may be made up later depending on field availability.

30 VIII. End of Season

A. Awards Ceremony It’s time to relish all the memories from the season. Plan on one final get together for the parents and kids. This event can take place at a local park, bowling alley, local swimming pool or restaurant. After eating, end the event with an awards ceremony. Thank everyone, especially the coaches, umpires and team parents. Present any pictures, stories, etc. from the season. When presenting the trophies, individualize each one by stating the player with the most… For example, “most improved hitting”, “best attendance”, “Best sportsmanship”, “Best team player”, “Best all around”, etc. Yearbooks should also be distributed at this event.

Give yourself a pat on the back for a job well done!

B. Skills Comp At the end of the year a skills competition or exhibition tournament may be performed. The Farm VP shall determine the specific format of the post-season exhibition.

31 Appendix A- SPECIAL MARINA RULES FIELD MAINTENANCE

1. The dirt around the pitcher’s mound, home plate and first base are to be moistened and tamped before and after each game. Hoses are now available in right & left field. Hoses will be placed against the fence after usage. 2. The field is to be watered and then dragged before each game. 3. The team practicing on Fridays will moisten and tamp the bullpen mounds and plates in the batting cage. 4. Chalk is to be used on the dirt only. DO NOT CHALK THE GRASS. 5. Replace any divot in the grass ASAP. 6. Dugout Rules a. No food is allowed in the dugouts at any time. b. The dugout will be swept clean after the game. c. Dugouts are to be locked after each game or practice (except if game immediately follows). d. All trash will be placed in the big metal cans near the bleachers after each game. 6. Home team manager is responsible for field prep. 7. Turn off lights before leaving field. 8. Return bases to the score booth & place rubber plugs on base pegs. 9. Lock score booth, field and batting cage before leaving.

SCORE BOOTH RULES 1. No one under the age of 13 is allowed in the score booth unsupervised by an adult. 2. Three balls are to be given to the umpire before each game. Two balls are returned after the game and placed with the others for further use. 3. Each team is allowed a maximum of 2 people in the SCORE BOOTH at any one time. Announcer/scoreboard operator is exempt. 4. Roll up window is to be locked after games. 5. The door is to be kept locked during the games. 6. Replace tools and hoses NEATLY AND SWEEP IF NECESSARY. 7. The phone is for EMERGENCY USE ONLY. It connects directly to the police department only. 8. Managers must report scores promptly to VP for website updates.

SPECIAL RALSTON, FOX, NESBIT, MARLIN AND SANDPIPER FIELD RULES 1. Water then rake or drag the dirt fields regularly. 2. Return bases and other equipment to the lock boxes. 3. Notify the VP of Fields and the Division VP of any field safety issues. 4. Managers are responsible for gassing up the generators. Usually once a week. 5. Lock equipment in the box.

32 Appendix B – Parent’s Sample Letter Dear Parent(s):

I wanted to take this opportunity to introduce myself as the manager of your son’s/daughter’ team, the XXXXXX. I’d like to state my coaching philosophy and my goals for your child and the team this season. Youth baseball can be an exciting and fun opportunity for your child to learn new skills, make new friends, and have fun. As fun as it can be for your child, different expectations from the coach, parent(s), and player can take away from that positive experience in a number of ways. As you read through this letter please make sure that my philosophy fits with your expectations of what you want for your child and how you believe the team should be run. If not, this is your opportunity to let me know.

Coaching Philosophy I believe that kids gain confidence and a love for the game through positive feedback from parents, managers, coaches, and other players. Skill level develops at different rates for kids, but effort and having fun can always be achieved. I try to always provide positive feedback for effort.

I believe in trying to make practices as fun and entertaining for the kids as possible, while providing the practice and instruction that they need to improve. I've found that kids expect and respond to well structured and organized practices. Attention span is often limited with this age group, so I will strive to keep them moving and active.

Teamwork and developing friendships is an important part of any team sport. I always try to tell the kids how important it is for them to support each other and to always be positive towards their teammates.

The league is non-competitive. We do not track scores. There are no losers. Everyone is a winner. Competition is an important element of any sport and as kids grow they naturally become more competitive. I feel my role and that of the parents is to encourage good effort and attitude.

I will work on teaching fundamentals and skills during practice, but I believe the game is their time. I will give instruction during the game if I feel it will help with their performance during the game, but in general I try let them enjoy the game. I don't think any of the kids want to be told what they did wrong during the game. I hope as parents you will do the same. At this age, one missed ground ball can ruin the game for some kids. If your child misses a ground ball, tell them how proud you were of the effort they made to get in front of it. Strive to make them feel good about their contribution. My goal is to have every child feel that they played a great game that day.

Objectives With this age group, I have 5 primary coaching objectives which I believe are equally important.

33 1- Help your child develop the skills necessary to be successful at this level and to prepare your child for next season. 2- To have fun and have the kids develop a love for the game. 3- Learn about the importance of teamwork and sportsmanship. 4- Give positive reinforcement based on effort rather than results. 5- Provide a safe and healthy environment for all the kids on the team.

Playing Time and Positions For this age group there is a drastic difference in skill level among the kids. I want to give the kids an opportunity to play a number of different positions and I'll make sure each player gets a chance each game to play in the infield for a couple of innings.

Team Rules and Discipline We will have a few team rules that we will discuss at the first practice. Rules may be added during the season if necessary.  Kids shall not touch equipment unless told to do so by coach. This is a safety issue. Kids will tend to pick up a bat lying around and start swinging.  Kids shall pay respect to coaches, umpires, managers, scorekeepers and parents.  Kids who do not show respect get a warning. If the repeat, they get to sit on the bench for a few minutes to cool off.  Kids who come to practices may get preferable positions/playing time vs. those who do not attend practice.

Player Expectations  Have fun and always give your best effort.  Spend some time outside of practice playing baseball.

Parent Expectations  Try to come to the practices on time. I know it can be difficult at times but I would appreciate it if you can be there with your child on time.  Try to be at the games at least 15 minutes before the start of the game. The kids need to warm up.  If you know your child will be late or won't be able to make it to a practice or game, please let me know in advance if possible.  Help out with team volunteer opportunities. We have a number of items that require parent help.  Get involved in playing baseball with your child. This may be helping out with at practice or playing catch in the yard on days we don't practice. Kids love it when their parents get involved. Repetition is also crucial for skill improvement. There simply isn't enough organized practice time for the kids. They need to work on the skills they learn at practice at home also.  Please encourage good sportsmanship by demonstrating positive support for all players, coaches, and officials at every game and practice. Please cheer for your child during games, but try to keep from yelling instructions to them. Remember

34 this is their opportunity to enjoy playing in the game. Much of the fun is lost if their Mom or Dad is always yelling instructions.  Please let me know if you have a problem with me, one of the coaches or something that is happening. Same holds true if your child isn't happy about something. I want to know if there is a problem right away. With this age group, very small things can cause a child to be upset. These problems can be fixed very easily if I know about them.  Safety is a primary concern for me. Unfortunately, I can't watch every child every second. If you see any situation that you believe is a safety concern, please step in and help. Make sure you follow up with me so I know what has happened.

I'm looking forward to a fun and rewarding season. If you have any questions or concerns, please don't hesitate to call me.

Sincerely,

Name Phone Number Email Address

35 Appendix C – Sample Practice Plan Date: 3/13/04 Practice time: 4:30PM Goals / Skills to be covered: 1) Basic Throwing (step / throw and lateral shuffle / throw) 2) Catching 3) Base Running 4) Fielding Grounders 5) Catcher 6) Hitting

Notes to mention: Great effort by Jim on last game – ran hard to 1st base and beat a grounder to the pitcher.

4:15 PM: Coach Pre-Practice Meeting Coach ABC covers Base Running skills in the infield and covers Throwing and Catching skills in the outfield Drills to run are…

Coach XYZ covers Fielding Grounders in the outfield and Hitting skills in the infield Drills to run are…

Coach 123 runs Catcher clinic with players…

4:30 PM: Team Pre-Practice Meeting Review Team Rules Today’s goals are - learn the proper mechanics on how to throw and catch - learn the proper mechanics on how to run the bases - learn the proper mechanics on how to field grounders - learn the proper mechanics on how to play catcher - learn the proper mechanics on how to hit -Review some of the key concepts that they need to learn (what’s a force out, where does a first baseman play, etc.)

4:35 PM: Stretches

4:40 PM Clinic – Catching – Coach 123 (players- a,b,c,…) GROUP A – Basic Throwing / Catching drills – Coach XYZ (outfield) GROUP B – Base Running drills – Coach ABC (infield)

5:00 PM – SWITCH

5:20 PM - water break 5:25 PM

36 Clinic – Catching continued– Coach 123 (players- a,b,c,…) GROUP A – Infield grounders drills – Coach XYZ (outfield) GROUP B – Hitting drills – Coach ABC (infield)

5:45 PM Clinic ends SCRIMMAGE

6:05 PM Team and Parents Post-Practice Meeting Next game Cheer 6:10 PM Coach Post-Practice Meeting 6:20 PM Cleanup

Notes: Drill 123 worked well Drill 789 did not work well… it confused the kids.

Attendance: Connor and Dylan did not attend

Next Game: Jim will not be attending John will be umpiring.

37 Appendix D – Practice Chart 3/14 3/16 3/21 3/23 3/28 3/30 4/4 4/6 4/11 4/13 4/18 4/20 4/25 4/27 5/2 5/4 Throwing D D D C C C C Catching D D D C C C C Hitting C D C D D C D C D C D C D D BR – know D D D D D D D the bases BR – D D D D D D D D Coaches Instructions BR – Out of D D D D D D D D Box BR – Home D D D D D D D D to 1st BR – Home D D D D D D D D to Home Br – 2nd/3r D D D D D D to Home Infield – D D D D D D D D D D positions Dead/Live D D D D D D D D D D Ball Fielding D D D D D D D D D D ground balls Cutoff/Relay D D D D D D Force Out D D D D D D Double Play D Outfield D D D D D D D positions Fly Balls C D D D D C D OF- Backup D D D D D Plays Catcher – C C D D D D D D D D D Skills D=Drills C=Clinic

38 Appendix E – Drills and Clinics There are many websites that offer good drills and clinics. You will find that most drills are geared towards older kids, however there are a number of drills that work great for 7 and 8 year old kids. When choosing drills/clinics for your practice, keep in mind that they need to be: 1- consistent to Farm league rules (i.e. no stealing, no bunting, no leading, etc.) 2 - at the same skill level as 7/8 year old baseball players (i.e. no pitching, no sliding) 3 - fun 4 - simple

Also keep in mind when to use a drill in a clinic as opposed to a team activity. The general rule of thumb is if it’s a one-on-one drill that requires special attention to technique, use the drill in a clinic.

- http://www.qcbaseball.com/drills/baseball_drills1.aspx . This is a great web site. This site has many good tips for younger kids. Each drill is rated. - http://eteamz.active.com/baseball/instruction/tips. Another good web site. This site has tons of good suggestions, however a lot of them are for older kids. - http://www.decatursports.com/drills/base/baseball_drills_page.htm. More drills… - Coaches Clinic – at the coaches’ clinic you will get a handout with several drills. The “coaches” at the clinic will also go over several drills and tips.

39 Appendix F - BRSLL Complaint Procedure 1) A letter is written to the VP of the division. The President would receive a copy.

2) The letter should contain facts surrounding the complaint as well as who/what the complaint is about.

3) If the complaint is not too severe, the respective VP will handle it without it going to the review board. The VP would then notify the complainer and the review board of the action that is taken. If the complainer is not satisfied with the VP’s action, then they may request to the President that the Review Committee review the complaint. The President then has the authority to either deem the matter closed or to refer it to the review board.

If in fact a VP observes a serious violation of any nature of Little League rules or rules of conduct in their division, the VP has the authority to act immediately i.e. suspension until further notice, which is defined as the amount of the time it takes for the committee to making a final ruling on the issue. This type of violation will be sent to the Review Committee for further action.

4) If a complaint warrants a review board, the following will take place: a) Arrange a date, time and location for the review board to meet outside of the regular Board Meetings. This meeting would be a closed-door session and only the Committee, the accuser, the accused, and witnesses may attend. No other members can attend. b) Have the VP contact the individual who is involved and advise him or her of the complaint and forward copy of the complaint to him or her. Advise the individual of the date, time and location of the review board. The individual may bring any individuals who wish to speak on their behalf. If the individual wishes not to attend, then he or she will be advised in writing of any action that has taken place. This will be done within seven (7) days of the meeting. c) Upon completion of the meeting the committee will decide if any action should be taken. Once a decision is made, a letter will be sent to the accused and the accuser within seven days of the meeting. d) A report will then be given at the next regular Little League Board Meeting summarizing the meeting. e) In the event the complaint involves an individual who is on the Review Board, then the President will designate a board member to take that individual’s seat on the committee .

40 Appendix G – Sample Offenses and Consequences These are a few examples of situations that may arise in a game, but by no means cover all situations that many come up. In all cases the umpire is in charge of the game and the managers are responsible for their players, parents and spectators. As outlines in the Little League rule book section 9.02, an Umpires decision which involves judgment, such as, but not limited to, whether a ball is fair or foul or whether a runner is safe or out, is FINAL. No player, manager, coach, or parent shall object to such judgment decisions. If there is reasonable doubt that an umpire’s decision may be in conflict with the rules, the manager may appeal the decision and ask that the correct ruling be made. Such appeals shall be calmly and professionally made only to the umpire who made the protested decision. Section 9.05 states that the umpire shall report to the vice president of the division with 24 hours after the end of the game all violations of the rules and other incidents worthy of comment, including the disqualification of any manger, coach or player, and the reason therefore.

Less severe actions Parents/Spectators Consequences Comment Being loud and obnoxious Warning to manager. If multiple offenses occur, at a game Umpire can eject suspension of parent/spectator offender from field may happen. Parents are chanting and Warning to manager. If multiple offenses occur, distracting players Umpire can eject suspension of parent/spectator offender from field may happen. Incite, or try to incite, a Warning to manager. Rule 4.06 VP will attempt to demonstration by Umpire can eject discuss/warn manager before spectators offender from field bringing it to the Review Committee. Repeated yelling and Warning to manager. VP will attempt to discuss/warn screaming in a degrading Umpire can eject manager before bringing it to manner at player or offender from field the Review Committee. parents or umpire Very severe actions Parents/Spectators Consequences Comment *Yelling obscenities at Parent will be told to Protest Review Committee will umpires, coaches or leave game area, possible evaluate the member’s status. players suspension *Spectators using alcohol Offender will be asked to Protest Review Committee will at the field leave area, possible evaluate the member’s status. suspension. *Loud, unruly spectator Warn manager to control Protest Review Committee will conduct that is distracting fans. Could stop game evaluate the member’s status. to the players. and ask offender to leave the game area, possible suspension. *Manager/coach use of Offender will be ejected Protest Review Committee will

41 profanity. from game. If witnessed evaluate the member’s status. by VP may suspend immediately until further notice. *Aggressively getting in Offender will be ejected Protest Review Committee will the face of an umpire from game. If witnessed evaluate the member’s status. by VP may suspend immediately until further notice. *Aggressively getting in If witnessed by VP may Protest Review Committee will the face of a manager suspend immediately evaluate the member’s status. until further notice. **Physically assaulting Offenders will be ejected Protest Review Committee will anyone and suspended evaluate the member’s status. immediately by VP until further notice. *Using Alcohol or If witnessed by VP may Protest Review Committee will smoking at practice or suspend immediately evaluate the member’s status. games until further notice. If at a game, offender will be ejected. *Use of distracting VP will warn, if occurs Protest Review Committee will language, which refers to again possible suspension evaluate the member’s status. reflects upon opposing until further notice. players, managers, coaches, spectators or umpires *Kicking garbage cans, If witnessed by VP may Protest Review Committee will bases or anything in anger suspend immediately evaluate the member’s status. until further notice. *Anyone throwing, If witnessed by VP may Protest Review Committee will kicking equipment in suspend immediately evaluate the member’s status. anger. until further notice. * NOTE: If any of the above violations are not committed in the presence of the VP, a formal complaint letter must be generated surrounding the incident. Possible consequences to the above actions: -LESS SEVERE 1st offense= warning 2nd offense = 1-2 game suspension 3rd offense = terminated from League for the remainder of the year -VERY SEVERE 1st offense= 1-3 game suspension 2nd offense = 4-5 game suspension 3rd offense = terminated from League for the remainder of the year

** TERMINATED FROM LITTLE LEAGUE INDEFINITELY

42 Appendix H – Operating the Pitching Machine and the Default Settings

How does this pitching machine work? ONLY ADULTS SHOULD OPERATE THE PITCHING MACHINES. Push the pitching arm under the hand lever’s black rubber tab. Put a ball on the pitching arm (ball rests on height adjustment screw). Load the spring by stepping down on blue foot lever and then gently pull the hand lever back to release the ball.

How far should the pitching machine be from home plate? For FARM LEAGUE baseball, recommended distance is approximately 35-39' from home plate (in front of the mound).

What speed should the ball be traveling at? For FARM LEAGUE baseball, recommended speed is 28-29 mph. This is done by setting the spring pin on the foot lever mechanism of the pitching machine to 5. Do not change this setting.

The recommended distance and speed should give you about the right combination of reaction time for the batter and low travel arc of the ball.

43 How do you set the height of the pitch? There are three areas that control height. The hand lever’s black rubber tab (should be set to 4), the tab on the pitching arm (should be set to 3) and the adjustment screw where the ball rests (on the pitching arm). Use this adjustment screw to make pitching height adjustments. Do not change any of the other settings.

Height Adjustment Screw

Turning the screw clockwise will result in a lower pitch. Counter clockwise will result in a higher pitch.

How do you set the inside/outside location of the pitch? By making slight left/right adjustments to the rear part of the base of the pitching machine i.e. nudge rear part of base left to move ball to the right, nudge rear part of base right to move ball to the left.

Rear part of base

44 The pitching machines have been tested and the above-recommended settings should be used throughout the season. It is important that the pitch speed, height, location and arc be consistent from game to game so please avoid changing the settings. You can make adjustments by turning the height adjustment screw and/or moving the rear part of the base left or right.

Should I be performing any maintenance or repairs to the pitching machine during the season? Probably. Verify the settings are properly set. You may want to check the screws, nuts and bolts and verify they are properly fastened. You may also want to WD40 any moveable parts – i.e. ensure they are properly lubricated. The rubber strips on the pitching arm may become unglued during the course of the season. If this happens, apply rubber cement glue. Report any problems immediately to the VP of Farm.

45 Appendix I – Managers and Coaches Code of Conduct All managers and coaches, as a condition of their selection and continued service as managers and coaches, must adhere to the following Code of Conduct:

 First and foremost, as Manager or Coach, I will be responsible for creating a positive environment of learning, fun and teamwork.

 I will be knowledgeable of the Belmont / Redwood Shores Little League’s philosophy, goals and rules and I will teach them to my team and ensure that the rules are enforced.

 I understand that use of alcohol, drugs or tobacco at any games or practices is prohibited.

 I will remember that I am a youth baseball coach and that the game is for children and not for adults.

 I will lead by example in demonstrating fair play and sportsmanship to all my players.

 I will do my best to provide practices that are fun and challenging for all of my players. I will arrive at least 15 minutes before games and practices and will not leave players unattended after games or practices.

 I will do my best to provide a safe playing environment for my players. For instance, I will make sure that the on-deck position is not permitted.

 I will treat all of my players fairly and with respect at all times. I will not show favoritism to any player.

 I will create and support a positive team attitude toward field maintenance, preservation of equipment, league events and fundraising events.

 As a Manager, I will bring the team’s medical release forms to all practices and games.

 I will not address the official(s) of the game inappropriately. If there is an issue or dispute, I will ask the official for a time out and discuss it with him/her calmly and patiently.

 I understand that as a Manager, I am responsible for the conduct of the Parents of my Players during the game. I will explain, in a preseason meeting, acceptable Player and Parent behavior and the protocol for inappropriate behavior. I will encourage them to applaud and cheer good plays by either team. I will clearly, forcefully, and directly discourage them from making negative comments or using profanity toward officials, coaches and/or players.

 I will advise parents and/or guardians of the players on my team to be timely and responsible in dropping off and picking up their children and to inform me of any drop off / pick up issues for all practices and games.

I agree to honor this Little League Managers/Coaches Code of Conduct and will adhere to it. I understand that any infractions may be investigated and violators may be brought before the League’s Disciplinary Board. ______Manager/Coach’s name (please print) Date ______Manager/Coach’s signature

46 Appendix J – Parents Code of Conduct

It is the goal of Belmont/Redwood Shores Little League to provide all players with a positive baseball experience. The following code of conduct is designed to support that goal. Please read, sign at the end, and return to the manager or coach.

1. I pledge to have my child arrive with the proper equipment at the time requested by my child’s Team Manager/Coach for practices and games. I understand that I may be putting my child at physical risk by not providing him/her adequate time for warm up or by not having the proper equipment. Picking my child up on time shows respect for the manager and coaches, who have other time commitments, and it tells my child that he or she is my top priority. I will let the manager/coach know as far in advance as possible when my child will not attend a practice and/or a game.

2. I understand that the top three reasons kids play sports are to have fun, make new friends and learn new skills. I understand that the game is for the kids, and that I will encourage my child to have fun and keep sport in its proper perspective.

3. I understand that baseball is a hard game and mistakes are an inevitable part of playing. I will do my best to help my child keep their mistakes in the proper perspective, and help them to learn and grow from them.

4. I understand the importance of setting a good example of sportsmanship for my child and that children will model the behavior of the adults who surround them. I will show respect for all involved in the game including coaches, players, opponents, opposing fans, and umpires.

5. I understand that during a game my child is trying to deal with the fast-paced action. He/She must respond to opponents, umpires, teammates and listen to coaches. I will not add confusion by yelling out instructions. During the game, I will limit my comments to encouraging my child and other players for both teams.

6. I will not use profanity or make negative comments about the game, coaches, umpires or teammates in my child's presence. I understand that I need to be careful of my actions, which can negatively influence my child's motivation, behavior, and overall experience.

7. Drugs, tobacco and alcohol are prohibited at all games and practices.

8. I understand that I am not allowed on the playing field or in or around the dugout during games. This is for my safety as well as my child’s.

I agree to honor this Little League Code of Conduct and will do my best to enhance my child’s baseball experience. I understand that any infractions may be investigated and violators may be brought before the League’s Disciplinary Board.

______Print Child's Name (please print) Date

______Parent’s signature

47 Appendix K – Players Code of Conduct

Farm League Players Code of Conduct

As a Farm League Player in the Belmont / Redwood Shores Little League, I promise I will:

 Do my best to listen and learn from my manager and coaches.

 Remember that there are no winners or losers but that I will always try my best.

 Be a team player and get along with my teammates.

 Be a good sport. I will be fair and play by the rules.

 Never argue with an official’s decision.

 Take good care of the equipment and my uniform.

 Not bring food in the dugout

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