Annex 1 Carbon Sequestration Rate (T CO2-Eq

–1 –1 Annex 1 Carbon sequestration rate (t CO2-eq. ha year ) (upper Table) and number of trees in maximum stand density (lower Table) of the four main tree species in the study sites per age and yield class. Values in italics are estimated (A. Sudnik, pers. comm.). 90 year old Betula trees were treated as Betula in age class 61–80

Pinus sylvestris

Yield class I II III IV V

Age (years)

0–20 7.59 6.51 3.96 2.81 2.04

21–40 6.88 5.35 4.79 3.47 2.40

41–60 6.82 5.62 4.63 3.70 2.71

61–80 6.62 5.16 4.32 3.48 2.86

81–120 4.86 4.06 3.22 2.79 2.20

Age (years)

0–20 3330 3701 5906 8364 17118

21–40 1685 1910 2626 3696 5709

41–60 959 1097 1335 1859 2390

61–80 669 853 925 1187 1394

81–120 458 547 671 773 885 Betula pendula

Age (years)

0–20 14.5 12.1 9.8 7.1 7.1

21–40 16.2 14.2 11.4 8.4 8.4

41–60 14.5 12.7 10.1 7.8 7.8

61–80 10.1 9.1 7.3 6.0 6.0

Age (years)

0–20 6507 8725 10692 11640 -

21–40 1343 1828 2305 3363 -

41–60 656 890 1238 1723 -

61–80 449 600 838 1129 -

Populus tremula

Age (years)

0–20 11.9 7.9 4.0 4.0 4.0

21–40 8.8 7.2 5.6 5.6 5.6

41–60 6.2 5.2 4.2 4.2 4.2

61–80 3.9 3.1 2.4 2.4 2.4

Age (years)

0–20 3513 5468 - - -

21–40 1742 2463 - - -

41–60 964 1247 - - -

61–80 658 781 - - - Picea abies

Yield class I II III IV

Age (years)

0–20 7.3 5.4 4.0 2.9

21–40 15.1 11.2 8.0 7.5

41–60 19.1 14.7 10.8 8.1

61–80 14.8 11.7 8.8 6.7

Yield class I II III IV

Age (years)

0–20 8319 8686 9100 9534

21–40 2866 3218 3592 3994

41–60 1239 1459 1694 1950

61–80 748 917 1120 1338 –1 Annex 2 Tree carbon sequestration (t CO2-eq. yr ) in Ostrovskoe in 2009 and in the baseline and project scenario. In order to perform calculations the area was stratified into 43 subareas. The sequestration rate is calculated using the proportion of tree species according to the State Forest Inventory (2008) and the respective sequestration rate (Annex 1). For the recently burnt subareas 20 and 30 an increase in stand density is assumed for 2039. For subareas 34–39 and 41, in 2039 a yield class of V and a proportion of Betula of 100% is assumed (for the not extracted subarea 39: 60% Betula, 40% Pinus). For the project scenario, it is assumed that each subarea will have yield class conditions one class higher (i.e. lower quality) than in 2009

2009 2039

Current Baseline scenario Project scenario

Seques- Relative Seques- Relative Seques- Relative Seques- Seques- Seques- Subarea Area tration stand tration stand tration stand tration tration tration rate density rate density rate density

(t CO2-eq. (t CO2-eq. (t CO2-eq. (t CO2-eq. (t CO2-eq. (t CO2-eq. (ha) ha–1 yr–1) yr–1) ha–1 yr—1) yr–1) ha–1 yr–1) yr–1)

1 1.2 8.1 0.5 4.8 8.3 0.5 4.9 6.3 0.5 3.7

2 22.8 9.7 0.8 176 8.3 0.8 152 6.7 0.8 122

3 12.6 4.0 0.7 35 10 0.7 90 7.7 0.7 68

4 29.7 10 0.5 151 9 0.5 133 7.0 0.5 104

5 4.3 13 0.8 43 14 0.8 48 11 0.8 37

6 19.7 9.3 0.7 128 7.0 0.7 96 5.6 0.7 77

7 16.1 10 0.5 82 9.0 0.5 72 7.0 0.5 57

8 79.4 4.6 0.3 111 3.8 0.3 90 3.3 0.3 79

9 2.8 8.9 0.9 23 8.4 0.9 21 6.8 0.9 17

10 1.4 5.7 0.7 5.5 6.0 0.7 5.8 5.3 0.7 5.1

11 1.8 11 0.5 9.6 8.8 0.5 8.0 7.5 0.5 6.8

12 3.2 12 0.7 26 12 0.7 27 9.5 0.7 21

13 3.5 12 0.6 25 12 0.6 25 9.5 0.6 20

14 2.3 12 0.6 16 12 0.6 17 9.5 0.6 13

15 1.6 12 0.7 13 12 0.7 13 9.5 0.7 11 16 4.1 12 0.7 34 12 0.7 34 9.5 0.7 27

17 3.8 12 0.7 32 13 0.7 34 10 0.7 27

18 7.2 7.1 0.3 15 8.4 0.8 49 8.4 0.2 9.1

19 5.0 2.7 0.3 4.0 2.9 0.3 4.3 2.9 0.3 4.3

20 3.9 7.1 0.3 8.2 8.4 0.8 26 8.4 0.3 9.7

21 2.5 9.0 0.5 11 7.8 0.5 9.7 6.3 0.5 7.9

22 37.0 8.9 0.5 165 7.8 0.5 145 6.3 0.5 116

23 5.7 11.0 0.5 32 8.7 0.5 25 7.5 0.5 21

24 8.3 7.5 0.7 43 7.8 0.7 45 6.3 0.7 34

25 16.5 2.8 0.6 28 3.7 0.6 37 2.7 0.6 27

26 31.7 13 0.6 246 7.8 0.6 148 6.3 0.6 120

27 1.6 12 0.6 12 13 0.6 12 10 0.6 9.9

28 57.8 4.6 0.2 54 4.3 0.2 50 3.8 0.2 33

29 11.7 6.6 0.6 47 6.1 0.6 43 6.1 0.6 43

30 10.0 5.6 0.4 22 6.3 0.8 50 6.3 0.4 25

31 30.1 3.7 0.6 67 3.0 0.6 54 3.0 0.6 54

32 7.5 3.2 0.5 12 2.6 0.6 12 3.2 0.5 12

33 7.6 10 0.7 55 7.9 0.7 42 6.7 0.7 36

34 15.6 0 0 0 8.4 0.8 105 0 0 0

35 21.9 0 0 0 8.4 0.8 147 0 0 0

36 23.0 0 0 0 8.4 0.8 155 0 0 0

37 18.8 0 0 0 8.4 0.8 126 0 0 0

38 18.2 0 0 0 8.4 0.8 123 0 0 0

39 1.2 0 0 0 6.0 0.3 2.1 0 0 0

40 2.4 0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0

41 1.2 0 0 0 8.4 0.3 3.0 0 0 0

42 35.7 3.7 0.6 80 3.0 0.6 63 3.0 0.6 63

43 36.2 4.9 0.4 72 4.2 0.4 61 3.8 0.4 55

Total 628.6 1886 2406 1376

Annex 3 Carbon sequestration by trees in Vygonoshanskoe in 2009 and in two baseline scenarios. See Annex 1 for sequestration rates (2009: Betula pendula 0–20 years, yield class IV; 2039: Betula pendula 21–40 years, yield class IV)

2009 2039

Baseline scenario 1 Baseline scenario 2

Current (abandonment) (ongoing agriculture)

Subarea Subare Subarea Subarea with a with with with Seques- Seques- Seques- Vegetation relative relative Seques- relative Seques- relative Seques- tration tration tration type stand stand tration stand tration stand tration rate rate rate density density density density 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.8

(t CO2-eq. (t CO2-eq. (t CO2-eq. (t CO2-eq. (t CO2-eq. (t CO2-eq. (ha) (ha) (ha) ha–1 yr–1) yr–1) ha–1 yr–1) yr–1) ha–1 yr–1) yr–1)

Moderatel y moist - - - - 421 8.4 2831 73 8.4 487 forb meadows

Moist forb 158 173 7.1 1187 550 8.4 3693 331 8.4 2226 meadows

Very moist 0.0 68 7.1 289 68 8.4 456 68 8.4 456 reeds

Total 1476 6980 3169 Annex 4 Characteristics of vegetation types in Ostrovskoe in 2009 (excluding ‘bare peat’ and the mixed type ‘bare peat with Calluna and Eriophorum’; selected species only). Ellenberg et al. (1992) moisture indicator values (for 25 vascular plant species and 11 moss species separately) and cover percentages are presented as mean values ±SD of presences. Species are presented with their constancy (I = species present in 1–20%, II = 21–40%, III = 41–60%, IV = 61–80%, V = 81–100% of all relevés, modified after Dierschke, 1994) and mean percentage cover. Tree species were not used for classification

Bare peat Very Bare peat Bare peat Moist Wet with Dry moist Vegetation type with with bog Sphagnu Polytrichu grassland bog Calluna Eriophorum heath m lawn m heath

Number of relevés 3 3 3 3 12 12 3

GWP of part without trees –1 –1 (CO2 -eq. ha a ) 7.5/12.5 7.5/3.5 7.5 20 12.5 10 5

Ellenberg et al. (1992) moisture indicator value (vascular plants) 9.0 ±0 9.0 ±0.2 8.8 ±0.2 5.6 ±1 8.4 ±1 8.0 ±1 8.8 ±0.02

Ellenberg et al. (1992) moisture indicator value (mosses) 2.0 ±3 6.0 ±0 6.0 ±0 2.8 ±2 4.0 ±1 5.5 ±1 7.2 ±0.3

Cover of shunt species (%) 2 ±1 46 ±12 4 ±4 0.5 ±0 14 ±21 5 ±6 8 ±0

0.1 Cover of bare peat (%) 28 ±14 46 ±12 13 ±7 - ±0.2 - -

Cover of open water (%) - - - - - 0.5 ±0 13 ±17

Calluna vulgaris V/62 V/0.4 V/20 II/4 IV/22 V/30 -

Eriophorum vaginatum V/2 V/46 IV/4 II/0.5 IV/18 IV/4 V/6

Polytrichum strictum II/0.5 V/3 V/38 II/0.5 III/0.6 V/5 V/2

Funaria hygrometrica - V/0.4 V/19 - - - -

Drosera rotundifolia - II/0.5 - - II/0.5 - -

Calamagrostis epigejos - - - V/10 - - -

Dryopteris filix-mas - - - III/5 - - -

Dicranum scoparium - - - IV/0.5 III/3 - IV/1

Pleurozium schreberi - - - II/0.5 III/4 IV/22 - Vaccinium vitis-idae - - - II/0.5 II/4 II/17 -

Ledum palustre - - V/0.5 - II/3 IV/4 -

Chamaedaphne calyculata - - - - I/0.1 IV/6 -

Dicranum polysetum - - - - II/0.5 V/1 -

Cladonia sp. - - - - III/0.5 IV/5 -

Vaccinium uliginosum - - - - II/0.4 II/7 -

Sphagnum magellanicum - - - - - IV/0.5 -

Aulacomnium palustre - - - - - V/2 -

Sphagnum angustifolium - - - - - V/4 V/69

Sphagnum cuspidatum ------V/22

Juncus filiformis ------III/1

Carex canescens ------V/0.8

Carex nigra ------IV/2

Carex vesicaria ------V/2

Cover of trees (%) 2 ±2 1 ±1 73 ±10 64 ±2 47 ±22 23 ±16 -

Pinus sylvestris - - V/8 - I/0.5 IV/24 -

Betula pendula IV/2 V/1 V/66 IV/64 IV/52 II/13 -

Betula pubescens - - - - III/20 II/4 - Annex 5 Characteristics of vegetation types in Vygonoshanskoe in 2009 (selected species only). Ellenberg et al. (1992) moisture indicator values (for 87 vascular plant species and 7 moss species separately) and cover values are presented as mean percentage cover ±SD of presences. Species are presented with their constancy (I = species present in 1–20%, II = 21–40%, III = 41–60%, IV = 61–80%, V = 81–100% of all relevés, modified after Dierschke, 1994) and mean percentage cover in the vegetation types. Tree species were not used for classification.

Moderately moist forb Moist forb Vegetation type meadows meadows Very moist reeds

Number of relevés 17 13 6

–1 –1 GWP of part without trees (CO2-eq. ha yr ) 20 12.5 3.5

Ellenberg et al. (1992) moisture indicator value (vascular plants) 6.7 ±1 7.3 ±1 7.3 ±1

Ellenberg et al. (1992) moisture indicator value (mosses) - 1.5 ±2.8 4.8 ±3.3

Cover of shunt species (%) 4 ±2 62 ±34 91 ±6

Cover of bare peat (%) 30 ±27 2 ±1 12 ±8

Cover of open water (%) 4 ±1 - 46 ±32

Urtica dioica III/45 - -

Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. pallida I/22 - -

Elytrigia repens IV/68 II/40 -

Poa palustris II/33 II/39 -

Agrostis gigantea I/14 III/27 -

Phleum pratense I/85 II/7 -

Bidens frondosa III/49 III/11 I/8

Phalaris arundinacea I/5 IV/61 I/8

Festuca rubra - II/78 -

Carex lasiocarpa - I/21 II/89

Juncus articulatus - II/9 II/6

Agrostis stolonifera - III/23 V/11

Lysimachia vulgaris - II/8 IV/8 Ranunculus repens - V/19 III/4

Juncus effuses - III/36 II/8

Calamagrostis canescens I/4 - IV/17

Phragmites australis I/4 - IV/51

Carex elata ssp. omskiana - - I/11

Equisetum fluviatile - - I/3

Carex serotina - - II/63

Molinia caerulea - - II/40

Cover of trees (%) - 44 ±27 54 ±24

Betula pendula - II/31 V/43

Betula pubescens - III/13 I/4

Pinus sylvestris - - II/28