Sex & Human Trafficking Research

SEX & HUMAN TRAFFICKING RESEARCH

The following is a list of available statistics estimating the scope of Human Trafficking around the world and within the United States. Actual statistics are often unavailable, and some may be contradictory due to the covert nature of the crime, the invisibility of victims and high levels of under-reporting. Further obstacles include inconsistent definitions, reluctance to share data, and a lack of funding for and standardization of data collection. Particularly lacking are estimates on the number of American citizens trafficked within the U.S. Human Trafficking Worldwide:

. 27 million – Number of people in modern-day slavery across the world. Source: Kevin Bales of Free the Slaves.

. According to the U.S. Department of State’s 2007 Trafficking in Persons Report (TIP Report), estimates vary from 4 to 27 million.

. The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates 2.4 million people were victims of human trafficking from 1995-2005. This estimate uses the UN Protocol definition of human trafficking, and includes both transnational and internal data.

. 800,000 – Number of people trafficked across international borders every year.

1. The TIP Report in 2001 and 2002 estimated this figure at 700,000; 2. The TIP Report of 2003 reported 800,000 to 900,000 victims; 3. The TIP Reports of 2004 through 2006 reported 600,000 to 800,000 victims.

Source: U.S. Department of State, Trafficking in Persons Report: 2007.

. 1 million – Number of children exploited by the global commercial sex trade, every year. Source: U.S. Department of State, The Facts About Child Sex Tourism: 2005.

. 50% – Percent of transnational victims who are children.

Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Report to Congress from Attorney General John Ashcroft on U.S. Government Efforts to Combat Trafficking in Persons in Fiscal Year 2003: 2004.

. 80% – Percent of transnational victims who are women and girls.

Source: U.S. Department of State, Trafficking in Persons Report: 2007.

. 70% – Percent of female victims who are trafficked into the commercial sex industry.  This means that 30% of female victims are victims of forced labor.

Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Assessment of U.S. Government Activities to Combat Trafficking in Persons: 2004.

. 161 – Countries identified as affected by human trafficking:  127 countries of origin; 98 transit countries; 137 destination countries.  Note: Countries may be counted multiple times and categories are not mutually exclusive.  Source: UN Office on Drugs and Crime, Trafficking in Persons: Global Patterns: April 2006.  32 billion – Total yearly profits generated by the human trafficking industry.  $15.5 billion is made in industrialized countries.  $9.7 billion in Asia  $13,000 per year generated on average by each "forced laborer." This number can be as high as $67,200 per victim per year. Source: ILO, A global alliance against forced labor: 2005.

Foreign Nationals Trafficked into the U.S.:

. 14,500 - 17,500 – Number of foreign nationals trafficked into the United States every year. This is the most recent U.S. government statistic. However, it is constantly being revisited, and a newer statistic is currently under study and review.

1. The TIP Report in 2001 estimated this number at 45,000-50,0001 2. The TIP Report in 2002 estimated 50,000 3. The TIP Report in 2003 estimated 18,000 – 20,0002

Source: DOJ, HHS, DOS, DOL, DHS, and USAID. Assessment of U.S. Government Efforts to Combat Trafficking in Persons: June, 2004

. 1, 379 – Number of foreign national victims of human trafficking certified by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) from October 2000 through FY 2007.

 131 minors, and 1,248 adults  These victims originate from at least 77 different countries.

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Anti-trafficking in Persons Department; U.S. Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report: 2007.

. 1,318 – Number of T visas granted by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) from FY 2000 through November 1, 2008 to human trafficking survivors. 729 visas were issued between FY 2000 and FY 2006.

 Another 1,076 derivative T visas were granted to family members.  DHS is authorized to issue up to 5,000 T-visas per year.

Source: USCIS; U.S. Department of State, Trafficking in Persons Report: 2007.

Human Trafficking of U.S. citizens within the U.S.:

. 244,000 – Number of American children and youth estimated to be at risk of child sexual exploitation, including commercial sexual exploitation, in 2000.

Source: Estes, Richard J. and Neil A. Weiner. The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The University of Pennsylvania School of Social Work: 2001. In a study funded by the Department of Justice.

. 38,600 – Estimated number of an approximate 1.6 million runaway/thrownaway youth at risk of sexual endangerment or exploitation in 1999.

Source: U.S. Department of Justice: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Runaway/Thrownaway Children: National Estimates and Characteristics. NISMART Series: 2002.

. 12-14 – Average age of entry into prostitution

Source: Estes, Richard J. and Neil A. Weiner. The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The University of Pennsylvania School of Social Work: 2001.

Video Documentaries

ONLINE VIDEO 1 - Not For Sale - Prostitution

Prostitution survivors explain how prostitution harms and why it is violence against women, with or without a pimp. Women in prostitution, former prostitutes explain how prostitution is abuse and sexual exploitation and how they became sex slaves. Feminism. This feminist CATW (Coalition Against Trafficking in Women) and EWL (European Women's Lobby) documentary is available on their website

3 Parts available on You Tube:

1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=TQydMMjbL5o 2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=PDZvy96EIKg 3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=_afJglIKRx0

ONLINE VIDEO 2- Trapped

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=-5_bJ-V44Wo

- 52-min documentary Publisher: Journeyman Copyright: ©Anja Dalhoff Published: 8 Jul, 2008 Last Updated: 25 Nov, 2010

Each year an estimated 2 million women and children are tricked, beaten, raped and forced by threat of death into the world’s growing sex industry. This heartbreaking and visually breathtaking film follows women selling sex from the cold, lonely streets of Europe to the blistering villages in Africa they can never again call home. If you only watch one film this year, make it this one.

“You can run, but you can’t hide” say the girls, who night after night sell themselves to an endless stream of men. In filthy brothels or parked cars they ply their soulless trade. Street fights are common, as desperate girls steal money from clients to help pay their debts. This film captures first hand the violence and eeriness of life working on the streets.

Michelle Mildwater specializes in trauma. Her exceptional sensitivity allows two women - Anna and Joy – to tell their horrific stories. In the glaring light of a refugee prison we meet Joy, trafficked to Europe where she was imprisoned for fraud. When Joy gives up her hopeless quest for asylum and is deported back to Nigeria, we follow her back to the steaming slums of Lagos.

Anna was trafficked from her village in Nigeria to Europe by trusted next door neighbours. When she finally arrived she was locked in a flat with five other Nigerian women under the control of a Madam, who stole her passport and told her she owed 60,000 euros. Anna was forced into prostitution to start repaying this debt, and when she tried to run away, Russian thugs nearly beat her to death.

Through her tears Anna tells us “I went with one man to his place. When I got there, it was eight of them. They all go round and sleep with me. I can call that rape. But I was so scared to go to the police because if I went to the police, they would send me back to Africa”.

Michelle travels to Africa to find out for herself why these women are so scared to go back. Shockingly, in every village mothers try to give her their young girls to take to back to Europe. One woman says her daughters are in Europe doing “hairdressing, fashion design. Because they have gone to the white man’s land, we are happy”. Michelle draws another conclusion: “Here in the villages the truth is never told. Everyone wants to retain the illusion, that Europe is a paradise. And that their daughters are earning money doing some kind of really fancy job”.

Michelle meets up with Anna again. She is on the run. The traffickers have beaten her mother poured boiling water on her father, saying they will kill her parents if Anna doesn’t go back to prostitution in Europe. Anna is also terrified by the voodoo rituals the traffickers forced her to take part in. She had to eat live chicken and the voodoo priest took her hair and blood. Women’s rights worker Bisi Olateru-olagbegi explains this powerful ritual: “When somebody is holding your body parts that person has some connection with you. It’s like poison. That makes the girls so afraid of renouncing the traffickers, because the repercussions of oath breaking are death and madness”.

The film ends with Anna pleading on the phone with her own mother not to make her go back into prostitution. “Ten people will fuck you and at the end you get no money. All the pain. “No” I say. I don’t want to work on the street anymore. It’s not for me”.

ONLINE VIDEO 3- Inside the Child Sex Trade

o http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=szKqtiKmbC8

- 40min. documentary Publisher: Journeyman Location: Indonesia Copyright: ©SBS Published: 16 Jun, 2005 Last Updated: 16 Dec, 2010

The plight of child sex slaves has been well publicized but seldom do we get to see inside their nasty world. Recently however, an undercover film crew did just that. They gained rare access to Diana and Lina, two teenage prostitutes at a brothel in Batam. Focusing on the girls’ plight and the mission to save them, they filmed every event leading to the girls’ rescue. It’s a confronting and harrowing expose of young children lured into a life of prostitution.

ONLINE VIDEO 4- The Real Sex Traffic

5 Parts available on You Tube: 1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=E7JqbOUrRVM 2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=qxtuQbk8Zn8 3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_quhPYmZ6A&feature=player_embedded 4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=30F7rQ5vQeg 5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=5A-vWeki11k

A documentary discussing the global sex slave trade primarily focused on women from the former Soviet Bloc.

An estimated half million women are trafficked annually for the purpose of sexual slavery. They are "exported" to over 50 countries including Britain, Italy, Japan, Germany, Israel, Turkey, China, Kosovo, Canada and the United States. Misunderstood and widely tolerated, sex trafficking has become a multi- billion dollar underground industry. According to the International Herald Tribune, human trafficking is the fastest growing form of organized crime in Eastern Europe. Kidnapped and/or lured by those who prey on their dreams, their poverty, and their naiveté, Eastern European women are trafficked to foreign lands -- often with falsified visas -- where they become modern day sex slaves. Upon arrival, they are sold to pimps, drugged, terrorized, caged in brothels and raped repeatedly. For these women and young girls, there is no life, no liberty and no chance for a happy and meaningful future. The Real Sex Traffic takes us to “ground zero” of the sex trade - Moldova and Ukraine - where traffickers effortlessly find vulnerable women desperate to go abroad and earn some money. The film focuses on the remarkable story of Viorel, a Ukrainian man on a mission to find his pregnant, trafficked wife in Turkey. Our hidden cameras follow Viorel as he travels to Turkey; his only lead the telephone number of the pimp who, he believes, has Katia in his possession. To secure his wife’s release, after days of desperate efforts, Viorel poses as a trafficker and sets out to buy his wife back. We follow Viorel to his meeting with Katia’s captor and from there into the world of trafficked women.

Interwoven with Viorel’s story, we meet other victims, traffickers and the families that have been torn apart by the trade in human flesh. This film is the first film to have a convicted trafficker talk openly about how trafficking works, and how women are coerced into sexual slavery. With hidden cameras, we watch as traffickers move people across borders with impunity and expose how easy it is to purchase a modern day sex slave. Sex Traffic also takes us to England and Canada where we find victims who tell harrowing tales of being repeatedly sold from country to country. Hiding her identity to protect her life, “Natasha” shares her heart wrenching story of being bought and sold from Romania to Italy and on to Germany and Belgium. Her final stop was Britain where she was put to work in a north London sauna. “Natasha” was finally freed from her nightmare in a police raid, a year after her abduction. For her part, “Eva” thought she was getting a job as a nanny in Toronto until her handlers took her from the airport to a strip club and forced her to work off her “debt”, i.e., her purchase price, before she could be set free. Sex Traffic explores the global trafficking problem through personal stories and unfettered access to traffickers and the people they use as human chattel. The documentary captures both the investigative story and the human story behind the headlines. From the villages of Moldova and Ukraine, to underground brothels and discotheques, we witness firsthand the brutal world of white sex slavery.

Suggested Resources

 The National Human Trafficking Resource Center (phone) 1-888-3737-888 - Open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Provides general information over the phone and access to additional resources.

 Polaris Project for more information - P.O. Box 77892, Washington, DC 20013 – (phone) 202.745.1001 - www.PolarisProject.org - [email protected]

Organizations working on Modern Day Slavery problem:

• Courage to Be You, Inc www. couragetobeyou .org/

Religious – Set up group homes for sexually exploited teens. On facebook

Office: 916.335.9043 Fax 916.625.4286 [email protected] 3031 Stanford Ranch Rd, Suite 2, #433 Rocklin, CA 95765

The purpose of Courage House is to provide a safe, loving environment, with a comprehensive, holistic approach in mental health, psychosocial and educational services, in an RCL-12 group home setting for minors aged 11-17 who are victims of commercial sexual exploitation.

Resources Include: Connect with C2BU on Facebook , Sign up to receive C2BU’s enews., or to Attend/Host an awareness event. • Call and Response www. callandresponse .com/

Make movies about trafficking and take donations and site sell merchandise mostly. Also on myspace, Facebook, and YouTube.

Fair Trade Pictures - 1349 Powell Street - Emeryville, CA 94608 Email: [email protected] Phone: 510-465-2290

CALL+RESPONSE believe the end of modern day slavery will come from individuals who gather together to push on businesses, media, and governments to support their existing values for human rights. We believe that this is a bottom-up movement that needs dynamic information, sustained inspiration, and most importantly, tactile activation. Their purpose is to screen their film, Call+Response, worldwide and provide audiences with low-shelf, hands-on opportunities to act and engage through mobile phones and online platforms.

• California Against Slavery www. californiaagainstslavery .org/

California Against Slavery (CAS) is a non-profit, non-partisan human rights organization. We want to make human trafficking the riskiest criminal business in California.

P.O. Box 7057 Fremont, California 94537 Phone: (510) 473-7283 E-Mail: [email protected]

To request a speaker or to invite CAS to an event, to request help with a human trafficking event or research project, to share an event for our calendar, or any other inquiries, please email [ [email protected] ] and we will contact you promptly (please allow 2 business days for a response).

Daphne Phung, Founder and Executive Director [email protected] Kristine, Volunteer and Communications Coordinator - if you want to volunteer, lead a local committee, or intern. Lydia Poposkwi, Social Media Intern - manages our social media outlets and engages our online community. Jackie Ayala, Communications Intern - monitors media outlets for human trafficking news and information, and manages case studies. Adrienne Lam, Creative Marketing Intern - designs print and web media for our campaigns and fundraisers.

• SAGE www.sagesf.org

The mission of the SAGE Project is to improve the lives of individuals victimized by, or at risk for sexual exploitation, violence and prostitution through trauma recovery services, substance abuse treatment, vocational training, housing assistance and legal advocacy. Takes donations. The SAGE Project, Inc. 1275 Mission Street San Francisco, CA 94103

Phone: (415) 905-5050 Fax: (415) 554-1914 Email: [email protected]

• Sisters In Service

Religeous –World Wide organizations - SIS and partners do work to prevent, rescue and restore vulnerable women and girls from abuse and exploitation.

11095 Houze Road Suite 200 Roswell, GA 30076 (877) 552-1402 [email protected]

• Arms of Love International

The mission of Arms of Love is to give abandoned and abused children a home, a family, and a future so they will become the leaders of tomorrow in their churches and in their communities. They are an international organization primarily helping in Nicaragua and the Philippines. Have a church and wor overseas project.

(phone) 877-ARMSOFLOVE (877-276-7635) (fax)650-240-1371 2973 Harbor Blvd #535 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 Child sponsorship - [email protected]

General information [email protected] Getting involved - [email protected] (for individuals and teams) Accounting info - [email protected] (for questions about, or updates to your giving) Kim Fisher, CEO - [email protected] To request support send an email to Kim Fisher, CEO, at [email protected]

• Newcomers Health Program Dept of Public Health www.sfdph.org/dph/comupg/oprograms/CHPP/Newcomers/

San Francisco Department of Public Health implemented program. Website contains extensive information about laws and regulations with articles.

1 Dr. Carlton B. Goodlett Place San Francisco, CA 94102 - (415) 553-9308