DOCSLIB.ORG

When Doing TRIAGE, You MUST Protect Yourself and Your Buddy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

CERT Unit 3– DMO #1 Spring 2018 Assumptions Disaster Medical Operations ● Need for CERT members to learn disaster medical operations is based on two — Part 1 assumptions: ! Number of victims could exceed local capacity for treatment ! Survivors will assist others ‒ They will do whatever they know how to do CERT Basic Training ‒ They need to know lifesaving first aid or post- Unit 3 disaster survival techniques Spring 2018 90% of disaster victims are rescued by other victims! Importance of Quick Action Unit Objectives – Learn how to: ● Phase 1: Death within minutes, result of ● Identify “killers” severe trauma ● Conduct TRIAGE under ● Phase 2: Death within several hours, simulated disaster result of excessive bleeding conditions ● Phase 3: Death in several days or weeks, ● Open airway, control result of infection bleeding, and treat for shock Rescuer Safety During Triage TRIAGE AND PPE’s ● If hazmat or terrorist event is suspected, CERT members DO NOT respond When doing TRIAGE, ! Evacuate as safely as possible ● ALWAYS wear PPE: you MUST protect ! Helmet ! Goggles yourself ! N95 mask ! Work gloves and your buddy ! Sturdy shoes or boots ! Non-latex exam gloves must do the same 1 CERT Unit 3– DMO #1 Spring 2018 Personal Protective Equipment - PPE Personal Protective Equipment - PPE ● Personal protective equipment, commonly ● How to put on and take off Non-Latex referred to as "PPE", is equipment worn to Gloves minimize exposure to serious workplace ● Practice! injuries and illnesses. ● New gloves for every victim ● Wash or sanitize hands Goggles Masks after de-gloving Gloves Personal Protective Equipment - PPE IF IT’S WET AND NOT YOURS DON’T TOUCH IT! Three “Killers” - ABS CERT Sizeup ● Emergency medicine “killers” 1. Gather Facts ! Airway obstruction 2. Assess Damage ! Bleeding (Severe) 3. Consider Probabilities ! Shock (Circulatory) 4. Assess Your Situation REMEMBER: CERT SIZEUP IS ● First priority of medical operations: 5. Establish Priorities A CONTINUAL ! Open airway 6. Make Decisions PROCESS ! Control excessive bleeding 7. Develop Plan of Action ! Treat for shock 8. Take Action 9. Evaluate Progress We will learn how to handle each of the killers later, FIRST – let’s learn what TRIAGE is 2 CERT Unit 3– DMO #1 Spring 2018 What Is Triage? START (during Search and Rescue) TRIAGE – French term meaning “to sort ” HOW DO WE DECIDE URGENCY? Process for managing mass casualty event ● STart = Simple Triage 1. Victims are evaluated ! Victims sorted based how urgently treatment needed 2. Victims are sorted by urgency of treatment needed ● stART = And Rapid Treatment 3. Victims are set up for immediate or delayed ! Rapid treatment of critical (“three killer”) injuries treatment discovered and prioritized in first phase Remember your Priorities! R P M’s Determine Urgency ● A – Airway/Breathing There are 3 things to check (non-walking victims): ● Respirations ● B – Bleeding ! Adults (12 yrs +) under 30 Remember ! Children (0-11) 15-45 ● S – Shock (Circulatory) ● Perfusion 30 ! Less than 2 seconds 2 ● Mental Status Can do ! Can follow simple directions R P M’s Determine Urgency Triage ● Minor (M): Walking wounded and Based on what you find generally ambulatory Pass ALL RPMs with voice triage and ● Delayed (D): Injuries do not jeopardize your RPM checks victim’s life; treatment can be delayed Fail ANY RPM you will categorize each 30-2-Can Do ● Immediate (I): Victim has life-threatening person into injuries (airway, bleeding, or shock) 1 of 4 categories ● Dead (DEAD): No respiration after two attempts to open airway 3 CERT Unit 3– DMO #1 Spring 2018 Triage Triage This is the tag that Some groups use FLAGGING TAPE WC CERT uses for identification purposes You’ve been given a handout of this tag Triage – Practice Categorizing Victims Triage Class Exercise/Homework ● Break into groups ● Each of you should have a handout ● You will have 10 minutes to categorize TRIAGE PRACTICE 10 victims (goal is 1 minute per victim) ANSWERS NEXT ● Discuss results, answer questions 2017-03-24 3-21 Mass Casualty: What do you do first? Remember your Priorities! ● Size up the situation to make sure the ● A – Airway/Breathing scene is safe for you to enter and develop plan with buddy ● B – Bleeding ● Conduct voice triage ● S – Shock ● Approach remaining In mass casualty situations we do not begin CPR or do victims rescue breathing 2017-03-25 3-23 4 CERT Unit 3– DMO #1 Spring 2018 How to Approach a Conscious Victim ● Be sure victim can see you ● Identify yourself – first name / “search & rescue”, City of Walnut Creek. I’m trained in basic first aid. ● Request permission to treat ● Respect cultural differences ● Check RPMs & Tag 2017-03-24 3-25 If the Victim is Unresponsive Open the Airway ● Implied consent given by unconscious/ confused ● Tap and Shout – “Can you hear me?” ● If no response and no breathing OPEN THE AIRWAY 2017-03-25 3-26 Open vs. Obstructed Airway Demo & Practice: Head-Tilt/Chin-Lift 5 CERT Unit 3– DMO #1 Spring 2018 LOOK, LISTEN, FEEL - 5 to 10 seconds Airway Management ● If breathing has been restored, ! Clear airway must be maintained by keeping the head tilted back. ! Place unconscious victim in recovery position (will be shown in later slides). ! Tag victim Immediate. ● If no breathing after two attempts to open the airway: Triage = Black/Dead ● Do not begin CPR nor rescue breathing 2017-03-25 3-30 2017-03-24 3-31 Take 5 Types of Bleeding Control Bleeding ● Arterial bleeding ● 3 main methods for ! Bleeding from artery controlling bleeding: spurts . ! Direct pressure – ● Venous bleeding BEST METHOD!!! ! Bleeding from vein flows ! Elevation . ● Capillary bleeding ! Pressure points ! Bleeding from capillaries oozes 6 CERT Unit 3– DMO #1 Spring 2018 Control Bleeding Control Bleeding If you cannot control Direct Local Pressure the bleeding using one over the actual bleeding site by putting a clean pad over the wound and method, try another, or pressing firmly. Maintain compression a combination of by wrapping the wound firmly with a pressure bandage. direct pressure and elevation Elevate the wound above the level of the heart. Pressure Point - apply pressure on the nearest pressure point between the wound and the heart to slow the flow of blood to the wound. The pressure point to be used depends on the location of the wound. 2017-03-24 3-36 2017-03-24 3-37 Control Bleeding Position for RESPONSIVE Victim Leave a breathing, responsive LET’S PRACTICE victim in the position found or a position of comfort in teams of 2 unless you must move victim to safer location outside due to structural damage 2017-03-24 3-39 Recovery Position – UNRESPONSIVE Victim Recovery Position – UNRESPONSIVE Victim Protect a victim’s Alternate airway by recovery placing them position with in the lower arm RECOVERY extended POSITION straight before above head. * Refer to C-8 Field Operating Guide (FOG) for more information on moving on recovery position 7 CERT Unit 3– DMO #1 Spring 2018 Recovery Postion LET’S PRACTICE in teams of 3 Take 5 Controlling Bleeding with a Tourniquet When direct pressure is not possible or not effective at controlling heavy bleeding from a limb, apply a tourniquet as a LAST resort If none of the methods for controlling bleeding is successful and professionals are delayed in responding, a tourniquet may be necessary. 2017-03-24 3-45 Controlling Bleeding (Continued) Tourniquets Tourniquets - Dangers A tourniquet is rarely required and should be used only as ● Incorrect materials or application a last resort—a "life or limb" situation. ! Use any long, flat, soft material (bandage, neck Tourniquets are considered appropriate treatment for tie, belt, or stocking). crushing - type injuries and for partial amputations. ! Use something strong for the windlass (lever). Using a tourniquet can pose serious risks to the affected ● Damage to the limb from a tourniquet limb, so it should not be used unless not using it will ! Survival of a limb is almost never possible after endanger the person's life from excessive blood loss. a correctly applied tourniquet is left in place too long. 2017-03-24 3-47 8 CERT Unit 3– DMO #1 Spring 2018 Tourniquet Shock Only a physician should remove a tourniquet. ● Result of ineffective circulation of blood If you apply a tourniquet: ● Twist only until bleeding stops ● Remaining in shock ● Leave it in plain sight (don't bandage over it) will lead to death of: ● Attach an adhesive label to victim's forehead stating ! Cells ! Tissues time/date the tourniquet was ! Entire organs applied. Recognizing Shock Treatment of Shock ● Main signs of shock ● Control major bleeding ! Rapid and shallow breathing ● Maintain normal body ! Capillary refill of greater than 2 seconds temperature ! Failure to follow simple commands, such as ● Loosen restrictive “Squeeze my hand” clothing ● Symptoms of shock are easily missed… ● No food or drink pay careful attention to your patient! ● Reassure/keep calm ● Leg elevation 2017-03-24 3-50 2017-03-24 3-51 Video: Search & Rescue Triage Triage Process ● Step 1: Stop, Look, Listen, and Think ● Step 2: Conduct voice triage https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDLla8JtcXc ● Step 3: Start where you stand; follow systematic route https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uahsgmpvfs ● Step 4: Identify yourself to each victim and ____ __ask permission to touch victim ● Step 5: Evaluate each victim, tag and document ● Step 6: Treat “I” victims immediately for 3 killers Don’t forget to count victims to report totals by category! 2017-03-24 3-53 9 CERT Unit 3– DMO #1 Spring 2018 TRIAGE RELAY There are 3 things to check (non-walking victims): ● Respirations ! Adults (12 yrs +) under 30 Remember ! Children (0-11) 15-45 ● Perfusion 30 ! Less than 2 seconds 2 ● Mental Status Can do ! Can follow simple directions Take 5 Responding to Mass Casualty Event ● Stay safe ● Work expeditiously ● Develop/follow plan ● Treat only 3 killers ● Document your actions for clear communication CERT Sizeup TRIAGE – When and Where 1.
Recommended publications

  • Paramedic National EMS Education Standard

    NORTHWEST COMMUNITY EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES SYSTEM CCCooonnntttiiinnnuuuiiinnnggg EEEddduuucccaaatttiiiooonnn SSSeeepppttteeemmmbbbeeerrr 222000111222 EEyyee && EEaarr DDiissoorrddeerrss && TTrraauummaa Questions/comments are welcome. Please direct to Jen Dyer, RN, EMT-P EMS Educator NWC EMSS Con-Ed Eye and Ear Disorders and Trauma September 2012 – page 1 Paramedic National EMS Education Standard Integrates assessment findings with principles of pathophysiology to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment/disposition plan for patients with eye and ear disorders/trauma. Objectives: Upon completion of the class and review of the independent study materials and post-test question bank, each participant will do the following with a degree of accuracy that meets or exceeds the standards established for their scope of practice: 1. Identify the anatomical structures of the eye and describe the corresponding physiologic function of each. (C) 2. Explain the physiology of normal vision. (C) 3. Identify the anatomic structures of the ear and describe the corresponding physiologic function of each. (C) 4. Explain the physiology of normal hearing. (C) 5. Explain the physiology of equilibrium. (C) 6. Select and discuss maneuvers for assessing eye structures and functions (C) and demonstrate a thorough EMS assessment of ocular structures, visual acuity, pupils and ocular movements. (P) 7. Distinguish abnormal assessment findings/conditions of the eye: blurred vision, diplopia, photophobia, changes in vision, flashing, pupil exam, Adie’s pupil, oculomotor nerve paralysis, Horner’s Syndrome, blindness, deviation/paralytic strabismus, orbit fracture, cataracts, conjunctivitis, color blindness, near sightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, amblyopia, burns of the eye, corneal abrasions, foreign body, inflammation of the eyelid, glaucoma, hyphema, iritis, orbital cellulitis, macular degeneration and trauma.
  • ABCDE Approach

    ABCDE Approach

    The ABCDE and SAMPLE History Approach Basic Emergency Care Course Objectives • List the hazards that must be considered when approaching an ill or injured person • List the elements to approaching an ill or injured person safely • List the components of the systematic ABCDE approach to emergency patients • Assess an airway • Explain when to use airway devices • Explain when advanced airway management is needed • Assess breathing • Explain when to assist breathing • Assess fluid status (circulation) • Provide appropriate fluid resuscitation • Describe the critical ABCDE actions • List the elements of a SAMPLE history • Perform a relevant SAMPLE history. Essential skills • Assessing ABCDE • Needle-decompression for tension • Cervical spine immobilization pneumothorax • • Full spine immobilization Three-sided dressing for chest wound • • Head-tilt and chin-life/jaw thrust Intravenous (IV) line placement • • Airway suctioning IV fluid resuscitation • • Management of choking Direct pressure/ deep wound packing for haemorrhage control • Recovery position • Tourniquet for haemorrhage control • Nasopharyngeal (NPA) and oropharyngeal • airway (OPA) placement Pelvic binding • • Bag-valve-mask ventilation Wound management • • Skin pinch test Fracture immobilization • • AVPU (alert, voice, pain, unresponsive) Snake bite management assessment • Glucose administration Why the ABCDE approach? • Approach every patient in a systematic way • Recognize life-threatening conditions early • DO most critical interventions first - fix problems before moving on
  • TCCC CLS Skill Instructions Mod 7 25 JAN 20

    TCCC CLS Skill Instructions Mod 7 25 JAN 20

    MODULE 07: AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN TFC SKILL INSTRUCTIONS 25 JAN 2020 COMBAT LIFESAVER (CLS) TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE SKILL INSTRUCTIONS HEAD-TILT/CHIN-LIFT INSTRUCTION TASK: Open an airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver CONDITION: Given a simulated scenario where a casualty and responder are in combat gear and the casualty is unconscious without a patent airway STANDARD: EffeCtively open the airway by performing the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver following all steps and measures correctly without Causing further harm to the Casualty EQUIPMENT: N/A PERFORMANCE MEASURES: step-by-step instructions NOTE: Do not use if a spinal or neck injury is suspected. 01 Roll the Casualty onto their back, if necessary, and place them on a hard, flat surface. 02 Kneel at the level of the Casualty’s shoulders. Position yourself at the side of the Casualty. 03 Open the mouth and looK for visible airway obstruCtions (e.g., laCerations, obstructions, broken teeth, burns, or swelling or other debris, such as vomit). NOTE: If foreign material or vomit is in the mouth, remove it as quiCKly as possible. NOTE: Do not perform a blind finger sweep. 04 PlaCe one hand on the Casualty's forehead and apply firm, backward pressure with the palm to tilt the head back. 05 PlaCe the fingertips of the other hand under the bony part of the lower jaw and lift, bringing the Chin forward. NOTE: Do not use the thumb to lift the chin. 06 While maintaining the open airway position, place an ear over the casualty's mouth and nose, looking toward the chest and stomaCh.
  • Emergency Medical Responder Febuary Pre Work

    Emergency Medical Responder Febuary Pre Work

    EMERGENCY MEDICAL RESPONDER FEBUARY PRE WORK Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) When moving or lifting a patient, you should: 1) A) determine the patient's chief complaint. B) ask bystanders to help. C) use good body mechanics. D) provide emotional support. 2) You have an ethical responsibility to: 2) A) read professional publications. B) maintain your skills and knowledge. C) be ready to perform at all times. D) all of the above. 3) As an Emergency Medical Responder you may be at risk of exposure to an infectious disease when 3) you: A) are talking on the phone. B) handle equipment that has blood on it. C) wear gloves when you care for a patient. D) respond to an emergency. 4) In the anatomical position, the respiratory system would be ________ to the digestive system. 4) A) superior B) anterior C) posterior D) inferior 5) You have a patient with a suspected spinal injury. The best method for movement to the backboard 5) device would be: A) direct carry. B) log roll. C) shoulder drag. D) extremity lift. 6) For patients who have a suspected spinal injury, you should use: 6) A) head-tilt. B) jaw thrust. C) head-tilt, chin-lift. D) chin-lift. 7) You have a patient who experienced an approximately 16-foot fall from the roof while working on 7) the gutters. He is found supine on the driveway and does not respond to verbal or painful stimuli. After assessing the scene and taking spinal restriction, you should proceed to the: A) initial assessment.
  • 5 Minute EMS Clinic-The First Five Minutes V2

    5 Minute EMS Clinic-The First Five Minutes V2

    EMS Basics: The First 5 Minutes For fire departments who offer both fire and OPQRST EMS services, approximately 75-80% of all ONSET-What was patient doing calls are medically-based. Not every fire de- when the symptoms started? partment is fortunate enough to have EMT’s or PROVOKES/PALLIATES- paramedics on their fire trucks. Regardless of Does anything make the pain your crew’s level of medical training, there are worse/better? several goals that MUST be accomplished QUALITY-Describe the pain within the first five minutes of patient contact. (sharp, dull, throbbing, etc.). Accomplishing these goals will directly im- prove patient outcomes. RADIATES-Does the pain radi- ate somewhere else? GOAL #1—-PROTECT YOURSELF: SEVERITY-On a scale from 1- Wear proper PPE (gloves, etc.) and ensure that the scene is safe prior to entry. 10 with 10 being the worst pain, rate your pain level. GOAL #2—-FOR CRITICAL PATIENTS, PERFORM IMMEDIATE INTERVENTIONS: TIME-When did the symptoms UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT = Open & protect airway start? CARDIAC ARREST = Perform CPR UNCONTROLLED BLEEDING = Direct pressure, bandage, elevate, & treat for shock SEVERE SHORTNESS OF BREATH = Administer high-flow oxygen GOAL #3—-OBTAIN THE FOLLOWING: Vital Signs = Blood Pressure, Pulse (rate/quality), Respiratory Rate, Lung Sounds, Blood Glucose, etc. OPQRST/SAMPLE History of current illness (see right column) GOAL #4—-DOCUMENT PATIENT’S DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: Write down patient’s name, date of birth, social security number, phone number, etc. This information will be very helpful for the incoming ambulance crew. FOR THE OFFICER SAMPLE Make sure that your crew knows your expectations and their roles PRIOR to the alarm.
  • New Spinal Recovery Position June 2019

    New Spinal Recovery Position June 2019

    New Spinal Recovery Position June 2019 Background Since first publication, the Qualsafe First Aid Made Easy A4 sized First Aid Book has included methods for turning an unconscious casualty with a suspected spinal injury in order to protect the airway – a “spinal recovery position”. Originally a log-roll was included, which requires the first aider to recruit the help of three other people, and more recently a spinal recovery position that required the help of one additional person was included. Injury to the lumbar or thoracic region present in 71.4% of spinal injury patients,8 so the guidance for placing someone into the spinal recovery position has always differed from the ‘traditional’ recovery position, in order to minimise torsion (twisting) of the spine, which is impossible to avoid when pulling a casualty onto their side using only the knee. This topic is only taught to first aiders who attend a course that specifically covers spinal injury on the syllabus (e.g. First Aid at Work, but not Emergency First Aid at Work). The problem with the previous spinal recovery position It is important to note that turning an unconscious casualty onto their side to protect the airway is an emergency procedure that a first aider will have to perform in stressful circumstances. The optimum treatment for a supine spinal injury patient is to keep the casualty on their back and provide manual in-line stabilisation (MILS) with the head and neck in a neutral alignment, whilst continually monitoring breathing. 1,2 Ideally the first aider who can stay with the casualty should only turn the them if they become concerned about the airway.
  • 2012 2013 First Aid Contest Rules

    2012 2013 First Aid Contest Rules

    2016 FIRST AID CONTEST RULES INDEX Section II Title Page Rules Governing the 2016 First Aid Contest ........................................................................ 1 Scorecard A Discounts ............................................................................................................ 8 Interpretations of Scorecard B (Artificial Ventilation/Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation). ........................................................................................................................ 12 Skill Sheets Initial Assessment .................................................................................................................. 15 Patient Assessment ................................................................................................................ 16 Automated External Defibrillator ........................................................................................ 19 One-Person CPR (Manikin Only) ........................................................................................ 18 Two-Rescuer CPR (Manikin Only) ...................................................................................... 20 Mouth-to-Mask Resuscitation .............................................................................................. 24 Airway Obstruction ............................................................................................................... 25 Sucking Chest Wound ..........................................................................................................
  • Speaker Notes Module 07 – Airway Management In

    Speaker Notes Module 07 – Airway Management In

    COMBAT LIFESAVER TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE (TCCC) SPEAKER NOTES MODULE 07 – AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN TFC SLIDE 1 – TITLE SLIDE SLIDE 2 – TCCC ROLES Tactical Combat Casualty Care is broken up into 4 roles of care. The most basic is taught to All Service Members (ASM), which is the absolute basics of hemorrhage control and to recognize more serious problems. You are in the Combat Lifesaver (CLS) role. This teaches you more advanced care to treat the most common causes of death on the battlefield, and to recognize, prevent, and communicate with medical personnel the life-threatening complications of these injuries. The Combat Medic/Corpsman role has much more advanced and invasive care requiring significantly more medical knowledge and skills. Finally, the last role is for combat paramedics and advanced providers, to provide the most sophisticated care to keep our wounded warriors alive and get them to definitive care. Your role as a combat lifesaver is to treat the most common causes of death on the battlefield, which are massive hemorrhage and airway/respiratory problems. In addition, you are given the skills to prevent complications and treat other associated but not immediately life-threatening injuries. TCCC CLS SPEAKER NOTES #TCCC-CLS-14-01 25 JAN 20 COMBAT LIFESAVER TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE (TCCC) SPEAKER NOTES SLIDE 3 – TLO/ELO The TCCC-CLS course is built on a foundation of learning objectives. These objectives lay out the basic structure of the course and describe the knowledge and skills you are expected to acquire by the end of the course. The module has one Terminal Learning Objective, or TLO.
  • Medical Standard Operating Guidelines (Released May 2016)

    Medical Standard Operating Guidelines (Released May 2016)

    CENTURY AMBULANCE SERVICE, INC. Medical Standard Operating Guidelines (Released May 2016) Authorization These guidelines and treatment guidelines were developed and reviewed under the authorization of the below-signed Medical Director in accordance with Florida Statute 401 and Chapter 64J-1 of the Florida Administrative Code. Changes to these guidelines can only be made with the authorization of the Medical Director and Century Ambulance Service, Inc. Signature on File David Murray, M.D. Medical Director These Medical Standard Operating Guidelines (MSOG) as reviewed and signed above by Century Ambulance Service, Inc.’s Medical Director supersede all previous memos, Emergency Medical Services Standard Operating Guidelines, Medical Standard Operating Guidelines, and Drug Listings. Century Ambulance Service, Inc. Medical Standard Operating Guidelines 1 Table of Contents (200.00) Authorization...................................................................................................................................... 1 Table of Contents (200.00) ................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction (200.02) ......................................................................................................................... 8 Reporting and Treating Patient Abuse / Neglect (205.00) ................................................................. 9 Clinical Quality Assurance Program Purpose and Overview (205.02)...........................................
  • Emergency Drill Triage Kit Instruction Guide

    Emergency Drill Triage Kit Instruction Guide

    Emergency Drill Triage Kit Instruction Guide During major emergencies schools must be prepared to be self-reliant This kit does not require because it is universally understood that local first responders will advanced training or be overwhelmed. Schools will need to be ready to rescue and treat equipment. The skills injured victims using only the skills and training of the school staff. This that this kit will review Emergency Drill Triage Kit was created in collaboration with the Pediatric are the same skills Disaster Resource and Training Center at Childrens Hospital Los Angeles. taught in Basic First Aid It is intended to support school personnel as they practice identifying, and CPR classes. reporting, transporting and treating injured victims. This kit is designed to help school personnel review their Basic First Aid training and practice those skills. m num ti b ic e v r Objects fell onto patient. 9 VISUAL CUES A key component of this kit is the 40 mock victim tags. These victim Cut on Non-bleeding scalp laceration; head and right foot swollen tags were created based on historical data of earthquake-related VICTIM INFORMATION and tender. rightEmergency Triage Drillfoot injuries. Experts from Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and Los Angeles pain. City Fire reviewed the mock victim scenarios and outlined first aid and medical responses. These victim tags represent the kinds of Mock Victim Tags injuries sustained by school aged children during an earthquake and 40 cards in clip pouches they are designed to review the First Aid procedures that could be Victim Checklist used during any traumatic emergency.
  • View/Download

    View/Download

    Backcountry First Aid: Prevention,Triage and Treatment Peter Heidmann DVM MPH Specialist: Equine Internal Medicine Montana Equine Equine Medicine and Surgery Board-certified Experts 406-388-8323 Dedicated to the highest quality care of horses Preparation = Prevention • Paperwork – Health Certificate, Coggins – Contact Information – Maps • Know your country • Tack – Well-fitted, well-suited • Fitness – Fatigue promotes injury – Lameness and myopathy – Colic and lacerations Triage: Lameness • Heat? Swelling? • Flexion Tests – Arthritis – Ligament Sprain • (Connects bone to bone) – Tendon Strain • (Connects muscle to bone) • 85% of lameness originates at/below fetlock – Digital Pulses • Stone Bruises • Sole Abscess • Fractured Coffin Bone (P3) Treatment: Lameness • Thermal Therapy – Ice Early -- Heat Late • Anti-inflammatory Medications – Phenylbutazone – Surpass • Limb Wraps – Minimize Swelling – Supports Soft Tissues – Extensive Padding is CRITICAL • Other Salves? Poultices? Sweats? Triage: Wounds • Location location location • Which wound is more serious? Triage: Wounds • Infection Control – Each round removes contamination: • Dirty water is better than mud • Clean water is better than dirty water • Sterile water is better than clean water – A clean wound is considered infected after 6 hours • 2 - 4 - 16 - 256 - 65,536 - 4,294,967,296!! – Antiseptic Solutions – Vaccinations – Antibiotics • Oral, Injectable, Topical • Ask your veterinarian… Triage: Eye Trauma • Use caution with “hi-line” • Eyelid Trauma • Corneal Trauma – Signs: • Squinting • Severe Tearing • Head-shyness Treatment: - Clean any wounds w/ Saline - Opthalmic Antibiotics - NO STEROID OINTMENTS! Triage: Hemorrhage Blood Loss: How Much is TOO Much?? Blood Volume is 8 - 10 % of Body Weight Eg 1000# horse = 450 Kg = 36-45 L Total Total loss of 1/10 is typically well-tolerated = 3.6 - 4.5 Liters = More than 1GALLON! Triage: Hemorrhage Treatment • Most Wounds stop bleeding spontaneously • Arterial vs.
  • Principles and Practice of First Aid

    Principles and Practice of First Aid

    CHAPTER 1: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF FIRST AID Definition of first aid 1. First aid refers to the actions taken in response to someone who is injured or suddenly taken ill 2. A first aider is a person who takes this action Aims of first aid ● Preserve life ● Prevent the condition from becoming worse ● Promote recovery Responsibilities and duties of first aider ● Give first aid to the casualty ● Keep a record of all treatment given ● Maintain the first aid box o Replenish contents regularly o ensure only first aid items are kept in the box Responding to emergency ● Be calm in your approach ● Be aware of risks to yourself and others ● Build and maintain trust ● Give early treatment ● Call appropriate help ● Remember your own needs 1 First Aid Priorities ● Assess a situation quickly and calmly ● Protect yourself and casualty from danger ● Prevent cross contamination ● Provide comfort and reassure the casualties ● Give early treatment, most serious (life-threatening) first ● Arrange appropriate help:- o Call 995 o Transfer to the care of a healthcare professional; or home Calling for ambulance ● Dial 995 ● State o Your telephone number o The exact location of incident o Type and gravity if the emergency o Number, gender and age of casualties o Details of any hazards Universal Precautions ● Wash your hands and wear disposable gloves ● Cover cuts and grazes with waterproof dressings ● Wear plastic apron and plastic glasses for eye protection ● Use a resuscitation mask (face shield or pocket mask) when giving rescue breaths ● Dispose all waste safely ● Do not touch a wound or the part of dressing that will touch a wound ● Do not breathe, cough or sneeze over the wound ● If you accidentally prick or cut your skin, or splash your eye, wash the area thoroughly and seek medical help immediately 2 CHAPTER 2: WOUNDS, BLEEDING AND SHOCK Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the circulatory system The heart and blood vessels ● The heart and blood vessels make up the circulatory system.