CH 18 Viruses and Bacteria Study Guide

CH 18 Viruses and Bacteria Study Guide 1. Define the following: a) binary fission, b) bacteriophage, c) conjugation, d) chemoautotroph, e) host cell, f) obligate aerobe, g) obligate anaerobe, h) capsid, i) prion, j) viroid, and k) virus. 2. Why is a virus considered a nonliving parasite? 3. What was the first virus to be discovered? 4. What does HIV stand for? 5. Know the difference between Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles. 6. What is the most important part of a virus? 7. What type of cells are bacteria: eukaryotic or prokaryotic? 8. What bacteria play a role in our digestion? 9. Explain the 3 types of Archaebacteria & their habitats. 10. Describe and draw the 3 shapes of bacterial cells. 11.Explain Gram-staining and how it identifies bacteria. 12.What are the two prefixes that explain how bacterial cells are arranged and what do they mean? 13.Helpful uses of bacteria are ______(list all 4). 14.In what year was penicillin discovered? (Antibiotic Video) 15.Antibiotics don’t work against what? (Antibiotic Video) 16.Antibiotics have been added to animal feed since what year? (Antibiotic Video) 17.Know how Viruses and Bacteria differ in structure. 18.How do bacteria Survive? 19.How can we prevent and treat viruses? 20.List 2 other non-living infectious agents.

CH 18 Viruses and Bacteria Study Guide 1. Define the following: a) binary fission, b) bacteriophage, c) conjugation, d) chemoautotroph, e) host cell, f) obligate aerobe, g) obligate anaerobe, h) capsid, i) prion, j) viroid, and k) virus. 2. Why is a virus considered a nonliving parasite? 3. What was the first virus to be discovered? 4. What does HIV stand for? 5. Know the difference between Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles. 6. What is the most important part of a virus? 7. What type of cells are bacteria: eukaryotic or prokaryotic? 8. What bacteria play a role in our digestion? 9. Explain the 3 types of Archaebacteria & their habitats. 10.Describe and draw the 3 shapes of bacterial cells. 11.Explain Gram-staining and how it identifies bacteria. 12.What are the two prefixes that explain how bacterial cells are arranged and what do they mean? 13.Helpful uses of bacteria are ______(list all 4). 14.In what year was penicillin discovered? (Antibiotic Video) 15.Antibiotics don’t work against what? (Antibiotic Video) 16.Antibiotics have been added to animal feed since what year? (Antibiotic Video) 17.Know how Viruses and Bacteria differ in structure. 18.How do bacteria Survive? 19.How can we prevent and treat viruses? 20.List 2 other non-living infectious agents. CH 18 Viruses and Bacteria Study Guide 1. Define the following: a) binary fission, b) bacteriophage, c) conjugation, d) chemoautotroph, e) host cell, f) obligate aerobe, g) obligate anaerobe, h) capsid, i) prion, j) viroid, and k) virus. SEE NOTES. All Definitions are in your notebook. 2. Why is a virus considered a nonliving parasite? 1) Cannot grow, develop or move 2) cannot reproduce on their own. 3. What was the first virus to be discovered? Tobacco Mosaic 4. What does HIV stand for? Human Immunodeficiency Virus 5. Know the difference between Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles. Lytic: When a virus uses the host cell’s energy to make a new virus and kills the cell in the process. Lysogenic: when the viruses nucleic acid is incorporated into the hosts cell chromosome. 6. What is the most important part of a virus? Genome: consists of 2 strands of RNA 7. What type of cells are bacteria: eukaryotic or prokaryotic? Prokaryotic 8. What bacteria play a role in our digestion? Methanogens (Archaebacteria) 9. Explain the 3 types of Archaebacteria & their habitats. 1) Methanogens: produce a methane gas live in extreme environments with no oxygen 2) Halophiles: Like salty environments and use salt for ATP production 3) Thermophiles: live in hot, acidic sulfur springs and deep ocean vents 10.Describe and draw the 3 shapes of bacterial cells. Bacilli (rod) Cocci (Sphere) and Spirilla (spiral) 11.Explain Gram-staining and how it identifies bacteria. Based on the type of cell wall of the bacteria and stains either gram positive (purple) or gram negative (pink) 12.What are the two prefixes that explain how bacterial cells are arranged and what do they mean? Strepto- chains and Staphlo- Clusters 13.Helpful uses of bacteria are ______(list all 4). 1) Sewage treatment plants 2) food processing 3) chemicals 4) nitrogen fixation 14.In what year was penicillin discovered? (Antibiotic Video) 1928 15.Antibiotics don’t work against what? (Antibiotic Video) Viruses 16.Antibiotics have been added to animal feed since what year? (Antibiotic Video) 1950 17.Know how Viruses and Bacteria differ in structure. Bacteria have flagella and pili and a capsule. Viruses have a capsid and attachment legs 18.How do bacteria Survive? They create endospores 19.How can we prevent and treat viruses? 1) Interferons 2) Vaccines 3) Antiviral Drugs 4) WASHING YOUR HANDS! 20.List 2 other non-living infectious agents. Viroids and Prions