Ch. 14.4 the Movement to End Slavery

Ch. 14.4– The Movement to End Slavery

Vocabulary Abolition – a complete end to slavery American Anti-Slavery Society – group whose members wanted immediate emancipation and racial equality for African Americans Undergrown Railroad – NOT an actual railroad, but a network of people who arranged transportation and hiding place for fugitives (escaped slaves)

1. Recreate the chart in your notes and fill it in as you read. Person or Group & Leaders Goal Accomplishments/Effects Quakers Challenged abolition on religious grounds (equality) American Colonization Society Wanted to establish colonies of Liberia – colony in west Africa – free slaves in Africa – to prevent but colonization movement racial conflict in US eventually ended William Lloyd Garrison Immediate emancipation and Published abolitionist racial equality for African newspaper The Liberator Americans founded American Anti-Slavery Society Sarah and Angelina Grimke SC slave-holding family Recruited other white southern disagreed with slavery women in pamphlet “Appeal to the Christian Women of the South” Book – American Slavery As It Is – 1 of most important anti-slavery works Fredrick Douglass Former slave – one of most Speaking tours in US and Europe important African American Published abolitionist leaders of the time- public newspaper The North Star; wrote speaking several autobiographies showing injustices of slavery Sojourner Truth Former slave - Preached about abolition and women’s rights- legendary for fiery and dramatic speeches – most famous is “Ain’t I a Woman” Harriet Tubman Conductor on Underground Most famous conductor on Railroad Underground RR, helped slaves escape to the North in 19 trips, freeing over 300 slaves

Ben Franklin was president of first anti-slavery society in America – the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery

2. In what ways did African Americans’ efforts contribute to the abolitionist movement? Supported The Liberator and Anti-Slavery Society - spread antislavery literature and petitioned Congress to end slavery Wrote narratives about experiences to expose cruelties of slavery  Harriet Jacobs – Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl  William Wells – antislavery play and personal narrative novel Clotel

3. What opposition to abolition existed in the North? Why? Some agreed with the South and supported slavery, others disliked slavery but opposed equality for African Americans Fear of job loss (compounded by media newspapers) Mob violence against abolitionists – mob killed abolitionist Elijah Lovejoy Congress passed a gag rule that forbade members of Congress from discussing antislavery petitions – northern members wanted to avoid the issue

4. What affect did Nat Turner’s Rebellion have? Nat Turner led some slaves to kill slaveyholders – open talk about slavery disappeared in the South – such talk became dangerous and made emancipation more unlikely

5. What difficulties did abolitionists face? Mob violence, gag orders, hostile neighbors, etc.