Match the Following Words and Definitions

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-local-anesthesia-for-dental- professionals-1st-edition-bassett Chapter 2

Fundamentals of Pain Management

Match the following.

1. acute pain 2. debriefing 3. fight or flight 4. neuropathic pain 5. nociceptors 6. pain threshold 7. pain tolerance 8. polymodal 9. protective response 10. visceral pain

A. innate ability to detect painful stimuli B. internal squeezing or gnawing sensation C. thermal, mechanical, chemical receptors D. rapid, reflexive, subconscious reaction E. postoperative discussion with patient F. postoperative dental pain G. individual reaction to painful stimuli H. sympathetic nerve responses I. caused by injury to nerve tissue J. detects tissue injury

1 ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Bassett, TestGen for Local Anesthesia for Dental Professionals Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-local-anesthesia-for-dental- professionals-1st-edition-bassett Short Answer 11. Pain ______is highly variable and may vary from one individual to another. 12. ______pain usually lasts for a few seconds to not more than six months. It is generally caused by tissue damage from an injury or disease.

13. ______pain is long-term pain that persists for more than six months with or without an identifiable cause.

14. The three classifications of pain are ______; ______; and ______.

15. Nociceptive pain is caused by ______or disease in body tissues.

16. ______pain is caused by nerve tissue injury or dysfunction of the sensory nerves in the central or peripheral nervous systems.

17. Pain disorders associated with psychogenic factors are related to mental or ______problems that affect the experience of pain.

18. Nociceptors are unique because they respond to ______, thermal, and chemical stimuli.

19. Physiological responses that occur as a result of the sympathetic nervous system’s reaction to pain include an ______in heart rate, heart contractions, and blood pressure. 2 ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Bassett, TestGen for Local Anesthesia for Dental Professionals Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-local-anesthesia-for-dental- professionals-1st-edition-bassett

20. To help patients cope with anxiety and fear, the four PREP steps are ______; ______; ______; and ______.

Multiple Choice

21. Which of the following statements related to an individual’s response to a pain experience is not correct?

A. It is complex and includes both physiological and psychological factors. B. It is not influenced by an individual’s gender and physical health. C. It is proportionate to the intensity of physical injury and degree of harm. D. It is affected by attitudes and learned responses.

22. Which statement best describes pain as a protective response?

A. Pain is a physiological, conscious reaction. B. Pain is a rapid, reflexive, unconscious reaction. C. Pain is a psychological reaction based on blood flow to the injured site. D. Pain is a slow, deliberate reaction to avoid further tissue injury.

23. Which statement correctly describes pain threshold?

A. It is an individual’s reaction to a painful stimulus. B. It indicates the amount of pain an individual is able to endure. C. It is altered by environmental, personal, and social attitudes. D. It is identified when a stimulus begins to produce pain.

3 ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Bassett, TestGen for Local Anesthesia for Dental Professionals Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-local-anesthesia-for-dental- professionals-1st-edition-bassett 24. Which statement correctly describes chronic pain?

A. It follows a period of acute pain that persists for more than six months. B. It follows inception of nociceptive processes. C. It always has an identifiable cause and duration. D. It responds well to pain medication and limited interventions.

4 ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Bassett, TestGen for Local Anesthesia for Dental Professionals Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-local-anesthesia-for-dental- professionals-1st-edition-bassett 25. Which statement is true regarding nociception?

A. Pain perception and nociception are synonymous. B. Nociceptors trigger muscular neurons. C. Nociceptors are activated without conscious awareness. D. Nociceptors are deactivated by stimuli to minimize pain perception.

26. Which of the following is classified as nociceptive pain?

A. trigeminal neuralgia B. phantom limb pain C. chronic muscle pain D. traumatic tooth fracture

27. In response to pain from injection, the CNS activates the sympathetic nervous system to:

A. stimulate the adrenal medulla to release serotonin. B. increase heart rate, blood pressure, and skeletal muscle vasculature. C. increase mesenteric vessel blood flow to digestive organs. D. depress the psychological state of a patient.

28. Which statement is true regarding fear and local anesthesia?

A. Fear can be a barrier to obtaining adequate anesthesia. B. Fear causes little concern over dental treatment. C. Fear of injections causes over 40% of patients to avoid treatment. D. Fear is an insurmountable problem for most patients who experience fear of injections. 5 ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Bassett, TestGen for Local Anesthesia for Dental Professionals Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-local-anesthesia-for-dental- professionals-1st-edition-bassett

29. Which of the following strategies helps patients cope with anxiety and fear?

A. Avoid discussions about anxiety and fear. B. Only dentists should ask about anxiety and fear to avoid patient embarrassment. C. Assure patients that difficulties during past dental visits could not have been avoided. D. Prepare, rehearse, empower, and praise patients to reduce anxiety and fear.

30. In the process of debriefing, which one of the following is not helpful for a fearful patient?

A. Patients relate which aspects of treatment did and did not go well. B. Patients give input for subsequent appointments. C. Clinicians select strategies for appointments according to their observations of patient behavior. D. Clinicians listen carefully and consider patient input in planning next appointments.

31. Discuss the value of pain as a protective response.

32. Discuss variables that contribute to an individual’s experience of pain.

33. Differentiate between acute and chronic pain. 6 ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Bassett, TestGen for Local Anesthesia for Dental Professionals Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-local-anesthesia-for-dental- professionals-1st-edition-bassett

34. Explain the difference between pain and nociception.

35. Give examples of the PREP strategies that help patients manage anxiety and fear.