Role of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology in Food and Nutritional Security

International Conference on

XIIth Convention of Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists

(ICBBFN2013)

December 11-14, 2013

Abstracts

Department of Biochemistry

(DST-FIST and UGC BSR sponsored)

Sri Venkateswara University

Tirupati

http://icbbfn2013program.blogspot.in

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 2

International Advisory Committee

Dr.S. Ayyappan, India, Chairman Prof Wudayaggiri Rajendra, Vice Chancellor, Co Chairman

Dr. R.S. Ranu, USA Dr. Andre Pauzet, France Dr. Jimmy Botella, Australia Dr. Raveendra Anangi, Australia, Dr. M.K.Bhan, India Dr. R. B. Singh, India, Dr. Chenna C. Reddy, USA Dr. Prasad A. Ramakrishna, USA Dr. Arun Goyal, USA Dr. Maria L. V. Oliva, Brazil Dr. Prasad Dhulipala, USA Dr. Douglas cook, USA Dr. Takuji Saki, Japan Dr. T. J. Higgins, Australia Dr. Alaka Srivastava, USA Dr. Shen Luan, USA Dr. Jim Peacock, Austraila Dr. Y. Sawa, Japan Dr. Prem P Jauhar, USA Dr. Priti Krishna, Canada

National Advisory Committee Dr. V.L. Chopra, New Delhi Dr.W Rajendra, Co-Chairman Dr. G.C. Tewari, Co-Chairman

Dr. S. L. Mehta, Udaipur Dr. B. D. Singh, Varanasi Dr. Lalji Singh, Varanasi Dr. Ramanurthi, Tirupati Dr. S.K. Sopory, New Delhi Dr. Ravindra Kumar, New Delhi Dr. S.K. Datta, New Delhi Dr. K. Thyaga Raju, Tirupati Dr. A. K. Srivastava, Noida Dr. V. K. Suri, Palampur Dr. G. G. Sanwal, Lucknow Dr. T.R. Sharma, New Delhi Dr. Ajit Verma, Noida Dr. P. Reddanna, Hyderabad Dr. M. L. Lodha, New Delhi Dr. R. P. Jauhari, Noida Dr. S. K. De, Allahabad Dr. R. D. Rai, New Delhi Dr. G. P. Srivastava, Kanpur Dr. H. O. Gupta, New Delhi Dr. K. R. Koundal, New Delhi Dr. K. N. Srivastava, New Delhi Dr. I. M. Santha, New Delhi Dr. N. D. Sharma, Gaziabad Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 3

Dr. P. Anad Kumar, New Delhi Dr. Arvind M Kayastha, Varanasi Dr. H. S. Nainawati, Hisar Dr. R. Srinavasan, New Delhi Dr. P. S. Kendurkar, Kanpur Dr. R. S. Dubey, Varanasi Dr. C. P. Awasthi, Palampur Dr. R. C. Borah, Jorhat Dr. U. N. Dwivedi, Lucknow Dr. B. S. Srivastava, Lucknow Dr. Mukesh Mohan , Kanpur Dr. (Mrs) Narinder Kaur, Ludhiana Dr. R. P. Srivastava, Kanpur Dr. A. K. Gupta, Ludhiana Dr. Jyothi Shankar, Allahabad Dr. P.K. Tandon, Lucknow Dr. (Mrs) Madhu Vajpaei, Kanpur Dr. R. L. Srivasatava, Kanpur Dr. Lallu Singh, Kanpur Dr. Nageswer Singh, Palampur Dr. Archna Sachdev, New Delhi Dr. T. Longval, Hyderabad Dr. Umaid Singh, Hisar Dr. A.B. Abidi, Allahabad Dr. Alka Srivastava, Kanpur Dr SG Sharma, Cuttack Dr SS Yadav, Kanpur Dr PK Seth, Lucknow Dr. (Mrs) Ranjana Srivastava, Lucknow Dr Dhan Prakash, Noida Dr DVR Saigopal, Tirupati Dr K Padmaja, SVVU, Tirupati

Local Organizing Committee

Dr W Rajendra, V.C, SVU - Chief Patron Dr MAK Sukumar, Rector, SVU - Patron Dr K Satyavelu Reddy Registrar, SVU - Patron Dr K Ramakrishna Prasad, Principal, SVUCS - Patron Dr KVS Sharma, Vice Principal, SVUCS - Co-Patron Member - Prof. Ch Apparao, Head Biotechnology Prof. SDS Murthy, Chairman BOS Dr. Balaji M Local Convener: Prof. OVS Reddy, Head Biochemistry Office Bearers of Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists, Kanpur 2013-2015 President Vice Presidents Dr SL Mehta, Ex VC, Udaipur Dr UN Dwivedi, Kanpur Dr PS Kendurkar, New Delhi

Dr ML Lodha, New Delhi EC Members Dr Madhu Vajpei, Kanpur Hon Gen Secretary Dr Mukhesh Mohan,Kanpur Dr GP Srivatsava, Kanpur Dr IM Santha, New Delhi Dr RP Johari, Noida Joint Secretaries Dr RS Dubey, Varanasi Dr RP Srivatsava, Kanpur Dr R Krisnakumar Kottayam Dr Jyothi Sankar, Allahabad Dr Nageswar Singh, Palampur Dr RavindraKumar, New Delhi Treasurer Dr Lallu Singh, Kanpur Dr SS Yadav, Kanpur Dr RL Srivatsava, Kanpur Editor in Chief Dr K Thyaga Raju, Tirupati GG Sanyal, Lucknow Dr PK Tandon, Lucknow Dr Alka Srivatsava, Kanpur Dr Nupur Sinha, Noida Lallu, Kanpur

Address for Correspondence: Prof. K.Thyagaraju, Organizing Secretary, ICBBFN 2013 Editor, ISAB 2013 Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University Tirupati – 517 502, AP, India Email: [email protected]

Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502 AP

The biochemistry course was started in 1978 and it has tremendous growth for the last 35 years of age. It has five faculty members, Prof K Thyaga Raju (Plant products, Lipid Chemistry, Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, Protein biology, Cancer biology, allergy and effect of nutrients on the growth of animals and chick embryos),

Prof Ch Apparao (Nutrition and diabetes mellitus, Medicinal plants and isolation of anti-diabetic agents), Prof SDS Murthy (Single cell proteins, energy metabolism, carbohydrates), Prof OVS Reddy (Fermentation Biology) and Dr M Balaji (Obesity and lipid metabolism). There are four more adhoc Asst professors recruited for Phamacy, Ms Vasantha, Mr Girish, Ms Sailaja and Mr Althaf, from the academic year 2009. They are actively engaged in Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics programs. During 1978 to 2013 period Biochemistry department has produced more than 90PhD graduates on various fields related to biochemistry, molecular biology, micro biology and nutrition. Also it has received grants from UGC, CSIR, DST, DBT, ICMR, DRDO, DAE and other agencies to the tune of 2crores and also received grants from various agencies in the form of Fellowships (SRF, RGNF, RA, INSPIRE, BSR etc).

At present it is running three courses such as Biochemistry, Immunotechnology, and Pharmacy all are related to prost graduation and PhD, B Pharmacy is started from the academic year 2013-14. From all these courses the students were developed well. The present research of faculty is mainly oriented on nutrition and malnutrition eradication in the form of creation of mineral or nutrient supplemented feeds to animals. Therefore our expertise is more applicable to the creation of nutrition departments. This department has provided expertise to start Microbiology, Biotechnology, Medicinal Chemistry and Industrial Microbiology. In this connection it is worth to mention that our department is conducting an International Conference on the role of Agriculture Biochemistry and Biotechnology on Food and Nutritional security in collaboration with Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists, Kanpur, Already conducted SBCI in 2007, TRendys in Biochemistry in 2011, University Industry interaction workshop in 2012, and some of our faculty is members of Nutrition Society of India, ISAB, SBCI, American Chemical Society, etc. As on today the department faculty has published more than 300 papers in refereed journals and attended to more than 300 conferences.

Department of Biochemistry:

Prof K Thyagaraju MSc PhD (Penn State) FSAB Chairman BOS (Biotech; Coordinator Pharmacy) Prof Ch Appa Rao MSc PhD (MU).,AFAPSA Head (Biotechnology); Chairman BOS (Pharmacy) Prof SDS Murthy MSc., MPhil.,PhD (JNU), FNEA Chairman (BOS) Biochemistry Prof OVS Reddy MSc., PhD (CFTRI) Head (Biochemistry, Pharmacy, IMT) Dr M Balaji MSc PhD Asst Professor Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 6

Ms Vasantha M Pharmacy A Asst Professor Mr Girish M Pharmacy A Asst Professor Ms Sailaja M Pharmacy A Asst Professor Mr Althaf M Pharmacy A Asst Professor

Prof K Thyaga Raju Prof OVS Reddy Organizing Secretary Head Dept of Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry

INDIAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL BIOCHEMISTS

A Brief Report

G.P. Srivastava Hony. General Secretary Indian Society of Agricultural Biochemists Department of Agricultural Biochemistry C.S.Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002, India

The Indian Society of Agricultural Biochemists was founded in the year 1985 with the Headquarters in the Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, C.S.Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur. The Society celebrated its Silver Jubliee in the year 2010 on completion of 25 years of successful journey and organized on International Conference in Feb. 2010 at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi on this occassion. It is marching ahead with the following specific objectives :

 To promote research in the areas of Agricultural Biochemistry

 To publish journals, proceedings, memoirs, transactions and other works as may be considered desirable.

 To cooperate with other organizations in India and abroad having similar and allied objectives and to appoint representatives of the Society to act on national and international bodies.

 To organize meetings, symposia, lectures and discussions for the promotion of the subject.

 To secure and manage funds and endowments for the promotion of the Agricultural Biochemistry research.

 To accept grants, donations or endowments from Govt. on other organizations or individuals for project or purposes which do not violate the spririt of this constitution such as the award of scholarships, research grants, prizes or medals for the promotion of research development in the area of Agricultural Biochemistry and allied fields.

 To undertake such orther activities as may assist in or be necessary for the fulfilment of the above mentioned objectives.

The Society organized the following Conventions and Symposia during the past years.

1. First Convention and Symposium on Biochemistry of Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Assimilation at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, the headquarters of the Society during October 27-28, 1988.

2. Second Convention and Symposium on Plant Biotechnology –Opportunities and Challenges at Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Faizabad during March 14-15, 1991.

3. Third Convention of the Society and International Conference on Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi from February 15-18, 1993.

4. Fourth Convention of the Society and Symposium on Recent development in Biochemistry at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi from March 20-21, 1995.

5. Fifth Convention of the Society and Symposium on Modern Perspectives in Biochemistry at Lucknow University from October 25-27, 1996.

6. Sixth Convention of the Society and Symposium on Research and Education in Agricultural Biochemistry in the next century at Gujarat Agricultural University, Junagadh from Nov. 11-13, 1998.

7. Seventh Convention of the Indian Society of Agricultural Biochemists and Sixth Convention of SGVR (Indian Chapter) and Symposia on Emerging Trends in Agricultural Biochemistry & Regulation of Metabolic Pathways for Crop Improvement and Recent

Development in Green Vegetation and Leaf Protein Research at C.S.Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur from Feb. 24-26, 2000.

8. Eighth Convention of the Indian Society of Agricultural Biochemists and National Symposia on Metabolic Pathway Studies for Crop Improment at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore from Dec. 13-15, 2001.

9. Ninth Convention of the Indian Society of Agricultural Biochemists and National Symposium on Bioprospecting of Commercially Important Plants at the Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam from November 12-14, 2003.

10. Tenth Convention of the Indian Society of Agricultural Biochemists and International Conference on Post- Harvest Technology and Value Addition in Cereals, Pulses and Oilseeds at C.S.Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur from November 27- 30, 2006.

11. Eleventh Silver Jubliee Convention of the Indian Society of Agricultural Biochemists and International Conference on Role of Biomolecules in Food Security and Health Improvement at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi from February 17-20,2010.

Very useful recommendations emerged out from these Symposia and Conferences wich were sent to all the Agricultural Universities, Research Institutes and Govt. Organizations for their adoption. The Society also publishes annually two issues of a research journal viz., Indian Journal of Agricultural Biochemistry which has presently NAAS rating of 4.2. The journal has gained wide popularity both at the national and International levels. The research papers being published in the Journals are being abstracted by World Abstracting Services including ISI, USA; Publication Processing, Thomson Reuters ,USA, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, Indian Science Abstract etc. and covered by Biobase EM Biology Scopus. The Journal is being supported by the I.C.A.R., New Delhi. The Society is trying to popularize this Journal at the International level. Dr. Rajinder S. Ranu, Colorado State University, USA is working as Editor, North America.

The Society also published the Proceedings of the International Conference on Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, which was edited by Dr. M.L. Lodha and Dr. S.L. Mehta, IARI, New Delhi, Dr. S. Ramgopal, USA and Dr. G.P.Srivastava, Chandra Shekhar Azad University

of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur. The Society published the proceedings of the Symposium on Research and Education in Agricultural Biochemistry in the Next Century which was edited by Dr. M. Parameswaran of Gujarat Agricultural University, Junagadh. It also published the proceedings of the International Conference held in November 2006 on Post-Harvest Technology and Value Addition in Cereals, Pulses and Oilseeds in book form edited by Dr. P.S.Kendurkar, Dr. G.P.Srivastava, Dr. Mukesh Mohan and Dr. Madhu Vajpeyi, C.S.Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur

The CSK HPKV, Plalampur Chapter of the Society also organized successfully the following Seminars.

i. Role of Biochemistry in Agricultural Research on Oct. 24, 1997 at CSK HPKV, Palampur.

ii. National Seminar on Science-Industry interface on Maize Production, Processing and Utilization on November 3-4, 2000 at CSK HPKV, Palampur.

iii. One day Seminar on Biochemical Approaches for Crop Improvement-Opportunities and Challenges at CSK HPKV, Palampur on Sept. 24, 2003.

The Palampur Chapter of the Society also published the Proceedings of the seminars on Science-Industry interface on Maize Production including advances in Maize Production Technology and Quality Improvement edited by Dr. C.P.Awasthi.

The Society also awards Hony. Fellowship (FISAB) to the Scientists, who have made significant and outstanding contributions in their fields. Till now, Twenty two eminent scientists have been awarded the Hony. Fellowships. The Society also honours its life members with Fellowship of the Society (F.I.S.A.B.) who have rendered more than 10 years of continued service to the Society for its promotion and development.

The Society has also instituted Life Time Achievement Award for the retired Scientists for their most significant contributions and also for promoting the Society. So far, six eminent scientists namely Dr. G.G.Sanwal of Lucknow University, Dr. S.K.De of Allahabad University Dr. S.K.Sinha of IARI, New Delhi, Dr. M.S.Swaminathan of Dr. M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai, Dr. Mangala Rai, ICAR, New Delhi and Dr. S.Ayyappan, ICAR New Delhi, have been honoured with the Life Time Achievement Award. Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 11

Presently the Society has 534 life members and 7 annual members. Dr. S.L.Mehta, former-VC Maharana Pratap University Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur is the President of the Society and Dr. G.G.Sanwal, Professor Emeritus, Department of Biochemistry and former Pro-VC, University of Lucknow happens to be the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal.

The Society has opened its IInd Chapter at the Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, in November, 2003. It published the Proceedings of the National Symposium at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, entitled Bioprospecting of Commercially Important Plants edited by Dr. R.C.Borah et at.

The Society opened its third chapter at the Punjab Agricultural University , Ludhiana in the Year 2008.

The Society feels proud in organizing the present International Conference in collaboration with Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh.

Messages from

VC, SVU, Tirupati (one page)

Rectors, SVU, Tirupati (one page)

Registrar, SVU, Tirupati (one page)

Titles and Authors of abstracts with page numbers

Themes of the conference (One page)

Authors names and page index (Last pages for cross verification)

L 1 Abstract for lead lecture

Hexamerin gene knockdown in German cockroach (Blattella germanica) using RNA interference technology

Rajan Katoch a, and C.P. Awasthi* a Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur, HP 176062, India *Department of Chem. & Biochemistry, CSKHPKV, Palampur

Abstract

Worldwide crop losses without the use of pesticides and other non-chemical control strategies are estimated to be about 70% of crop production. Many of the crop varieties developed in the past years were high yielders, but do not offer better protection from insect pests. The pests from different insect orders claim a major share in the crop losses every year. Disruption of the genes, crucial for the life of the insect through RNA interference technology is one of the promising techniques having potential for the control of insect pests of economic importance. RNAi is a specific down-regulation or knockdown of gene expression by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) involving degradation of a target mRNA. The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can specifically lower the transcript abundance of a target gene when injected into an organism or introduced into cultured cells. RNAi involves the cleavage of dsRNA precursors into small interfering RNA (siRNA) of approximately 21 to 23 Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 13 nucleotides by the enzyme Dicer. These siRNAs are then incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Argonaute proteins, the catalytic components of RISC, use the siRNA as a template to recognize and degrade the complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) (Meister and Tuschel, 2004). RNAi can therefore be exploited to suppress gene expression through highly specific depletion of target transcripts. A number of target genes have been silenced with this technology including P450s, glutathione S-transferases, α-tubulin, β-tubulin, carboxylesterases, vacuolar ATPase, ribosomal protein S4 and actin among others. In Blattella germanica ‘hexamerins’ are very crucial proteins associated with the developmental processes. The most abundant and widely distributed storage proteins that accumulate in the hemolymph or fat body are composed of six identical or similar subunits of ~80 kDa, and thus are also called hexamerins. They are high molecular weight proteins found mostly in the haemolymph of insects and whose function has been proposed as storage proteins. These proteins serve as a source of amino acids for tissue metamorphosis during pupal development and have been shown to be a component of the sclerotizing system of the cuticle. They also serve as an ecdysteroid carrier in the hemolymph and function in nutrient uptake and storage; some are also capable of binding the insect morphogenetic hormone juvenile hormone. These hexamerins are mainly synthesized in fat body during larval development and stored in the hemolymph. Insect hexamerins have long been known as storage proteins that are massively synthesized by the larval fat body. Following the larval-to-pupal molt, hexamerins are sequestered by the fat body via receptor mediated endocytosis, broken up, and used as amino acid resources for metamorphosis when feeding is no longer occurring, as during the pupal and pharate-adult stages. Therefore, hexamerins are the essential proteins for metamorphosis, as vitellogenins are to embryogenesis. The genes involved in the synthesis of hexamerins are the one of the potential targets for the application of RNAi technology for insect control. The present deliberations envisage disruption of genes encoding hexamerins in Blattella germanica with implication of RNAi technology. L 2 Biochemical profiling of bioactive compounds in local weeds prevalent under mid-hill region of Himalayas

Rajan Katoch Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur, HP 176062, India

Abstract

Botanicals are highly complex mixtures of compounds covering a broad range of sub-classes and exhibit natural variability. Most of green plants represent a reservoir of effective chemo-therapeutants and can provide valuable

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 14 sources of natural drugs, natural pesticides and biofertilizers. Therefore, plant extracts and phytochemicals are getting more importance as potential sources for microbial inhibitors during the recent decade. Antifungal potentials of some higher plants have been reported against pathogenic organisms in different crops. Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae), Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) and Chromolaena adenophorum Spreng (Asteraceae) are the most common aromatic weeds widely found in the Himalayan region. These invasive plant species possess bioactive compounds as a potential source of antimicrobial agents. Qualitative and quantitative analysis for the presence of various bioactive components in the plants (Lantana and Eupatorium) under study revealed the presence of main classes of active principles: flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid), coumarins (coumarin, methylcoumarin), sterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol) and triterpenes (oleanolic acid). Screening of active components from these plants resulted in isolation of chlorogenic acid and rutin from all three plants by means of preparative TLC and column chromatography. Quantitatively, Lantana was found rich in bioactive compounds followed by Eupatorium and Ageratum. Lantana leaves revealed 0.35% rutin, 0.027% quercetin, 2.22% chlorogenic acid, 0.246% p-hydroxy benzoic acid, 0.263 mg/100g methyl-4-hydroxy benzoic acid, 3.70% gallic acid, 0.09% coumarin, 0.08% 6-methyl coumarin, 1.26% β-sitosterol, 0.92% stigmasterol and 1.67% p-coumaric acid. Gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid have been detected in Ageratum (Xuan et al. 2004). Coumarin, β-sitosterol and rutin have been reported from Eupatorium birmanicum (Devi et al. 2007). Stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, oleanolic acid have been isolated from Lantana camara leaves (Juang et al. 2005). On the basis of present study it can be concluded that the essential oils of these weeds are rich in several bioactive constituents and can be used as alternatives of synthetic fungicides against phytopathogenic fungi. This could help to turn these nuisance weeds into a valuable resource.

L 3 Theme 1:Nutritional quality improvement in crops and nutraceuticals for value addition

Soaking and dehusking effect on lathyrus (L.sativus) genotypes

R.P.Srivastava* and Jagdish Singh Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur – 208 024, Uttar Pradesh

ABSTRACT

Lathyrus, commonly known as Khesari or grass pea is an important leguminous crop in the areas that are prone to drought and famine and is thought of as an ‘insurance crop’ as it produces reliable yields when all other crops fail. Processing of seed is an integral part of food legumes before it is consumed by human beings. It Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 15 helps in removal of anti-nutrients and toxic factors of the grain, and enhances the digestibility and nutritive values of food grains. The processing effect on nutritive as well as anti-nutritional factors of seed of Lathyrus sativus was, therefore studied in varying genotypes viz., Ratan, Pratik, Nirmal, Pusa 24, Mahateora, Sihara local and Kanpur local at Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur during 2011-13. The seeds of lathyrus contain a neurotoxin commonly called as BOAA or ODAP, which is a non-nutritive amino acid. The soaking of seed does not affect the BOAA content, whereas the dehusked seed was having higher content of BOAA. The dehusked grain had BOAA in the range of 0.03 to 0.145%, which is almost 1/3 times higher than unprocessed seed. Total phenols and tannins reduced during soaking as well as dehusking. Approximately 1/3 of total phenols was lost during soaking , whereas 2/3 of total phenols was lost during dehusking. The dehusked grain had total phenols in the range of 0.10 to 0.12%. Almost half of the tannins was lost during dehusking of grain and the dehusked grain had tannins in the range of 0.204 to 0.338%. Dehusking caused a reduction of 58.4% in total oxalate content of grain. The phytates were also lost during soaking as well as dehusking and the dehusked grain had phytates in the range of 1.375 to 1.572%. The BOAA content can be minimized by soaking of dehusked grain in acidic (pH 4.0) or alkaline (pH 9.2) solutions for 30-60 min at a temperature of 80-100 ºC. More than 4/5 of neurotoxin (BOAA) can be removed by this technique, making the lathyrus almost free of neurotoxin. Lathyrus is a rich source of protein and the dehusked grain had soluble protein in the range of 27.81 to 29.86%, which is significantly higher than unprocessed or soaked grain. Starch also increased during dehusking of grain and the dehusked grain contained starch in the range of 60.78 to 68.33%. Starch, indeed increased during soaking as well as dehusking.

Key words: Lathyrus, BOAA/ODAP, soluble protein, starch, phytates, tannins, total phenols, soaking, dehusking *Presenting author’s Email: [email protected]

L 4 Promotion of iron rich lehyam by using locally available green leafy vegetables S.R Malhotra, and Satya Bhama Department of Food Science, Nutrition & Technology College of Home Science CSK HP Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, H.P.- 176062 (India)

Abstract

Green leafy vegetables are consumed in daily dietaries being used in different preparations for human consumption. The nutritive value of greens remains unexploited due to lack of awareness and promotion of appropriate technologies for their effective utilization. Since GLVs are good sources of iron, vitamins and minerals in addition to fiber content, the health promoting properties along with their rich nutrient profile make these GLVs an important nominee for their use in the food based approach to combat prevalent nutritional disorders including anemia. Keeping in mind the above facts different formulations of iron rich lehyam were prepared by using colocasia leaves, fennel and lettuce leaves and seabuckthorn as main ingredient were standardized and prepared using spices, condiments and preservative etc. The final product obtained was of jam like consistency. The prepared lehyams were organoleptically evaluated by a panel of ten judges using ten point hedonic scale. It was observed that the overall acceptability of lehyam prepared from the colocasia leaves scored maximum scores i.e 8 (liked very much), while the lehyam prepared from the fennel and lettuce leaves got acceptability score 7.6 (toward liked very much), a slight decrease in the acceptability score may be attributed to distinct flavor of fennel leaves. The lehyam prepared from seabuckthorn got score 7.1 (liked moderately). The iron content of the prepared products from colocasia leaves, fennel and lettuce leaves and seabuckthorn were found to be 32.8, 35.3 and 11.13mg/serving respectively. The inclusion of mentioned products may prove to be helpful in combating iron deficiency anemia.

L 5 “Biofortification” sense and shoot approach for nutritional insecurity

M.N.V. Prasad

Department of Plant Sciences

University of Hyderabad

Hyderabad 500 046, India

E-mail: [email protected]

The fruits and vegetables that our parents ate when they were growing up were more nutritious than the ones we'll serve our children tonight. On average, the produce grown now has lower levels of several minerals and vitamins than it did before the green revolution. The decline in agriculture produce's nutritional value corresponds to the period of increasing industrialization of our farming systems, focusing on cash crops, substituting on farm inputs with chemical fertilizers, pesticides and monoculture farming for the natural cycling of nutrients and on-farm biodiversity. Trace elements, such as selenium, iron, zinc, and calcium etc are essential for human as well as animal health. Nutritionally important trace elements are deficient in soils in many regions of the world. Health problems associated with excess/deficiency or uneven distribution of these essential trace elements in soils have become major public health issues in many developing countries. Therefore, the development of “foods and animal feeds” with fortified essential nutrients has been one of the most attractive research fields globally. In order to achieve the traditional forms of agriculture, conservation and greater use of native bio-geo-diversity, genetic diversity analysis of the cultivable crops is a must. Several of the trace elements serve as essential nutrients and are the constituents of bimolecular as cofactors for various enzymes and in a variety of metabolic functions. Certain trace elements accumulated in medicinal plants have the healing function to some ailments and disorders for e.g. zinc - neurochemical transmission; Cr and Mn can be correlated with therapeutic properties against diabetic and cardio-vascular diseases. Certain transition group elements regulate hepatic synthesis of cholesterol. Bioorganic farming takes total micronutrient care and is an important soil management practice for fortification of crop produce with essential nutrients for the health of humans as well as livestock. Nutrinogenomics and pharmacogenomics, Medical geology (geomedical science), metallomics are emerging as new areas of research with challenging tasks ahead. Nutritional security and quality of agricultural produce is discussed with selected examples.

Lead Lecutre 6: Effect of biofortification on nutrient quality of food crops

K. Sreedevi Shankar, Senior Scientist (Food Science) Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santosh Nagar, Hyderabad-500 059 Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Seeds are major sources of human and animal foods, and also the input material for cultivating most agricultural crops. Seed quality determines suitability of seeds for both of these purposes. One component of seed quality is chemical composition, such as the concentrations of mineral elements, including micronutrients such as Fe and Zn. The maternal plant supplies the metabolic building blocks that ultimately make up the seed. These inputs are influenced by environmental conditions and by the genetic makeup of the maternal plant. An increased understanding of control over supply of nutrients to developing seeds will allow development of improved varieties that can respond favorably to maintain seed production and quality in adverse environments. This understanding will also allow production of biofortified seeds with increased concentrations of micronutrients. Plant derived foods provide an important source of proteins and dietary minerals. This is especially true in developing countries where plant foods are a predominant portion of the diet. The concentrations of some minerals, especially iron and zinc are inherently low in plants as opposed to animal derived foods. Application of biofortificants to the soil or treated to the seeds before sowing enhances mineral uptake from soil and increased partitioning toward grain and improved sequestration in edible tissues and reducing of antinutrients in the grain.

Key words: Biofortificants, minerals, vitamins, antinutrients, quality, food crops

L 7 Infection induced thymic atrophy

Dr Dipankar Nandi, Dept of Biochemistry, Indian Istitute of Science, Bangalore, India

L 8: Productivity and quality of linseed (Linum usitatissimum) as influenced by chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and planting pattern in intercropping under organic farming

A.K. TRIPATHI, M.P. YADAV, S.D. DUBEY AND A.P. DUBEY

Department of Agronomy, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur–208 002 (Uttar Pradesh), India

A field experiment was carried out under organic farming environment during winter season of 2012- 2013 at Student’s Instructional Farm of the University, Kanpur to assess the productivity and quality of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) as influenced by chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and planting pattern in intercropping under organic farming. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The treatments comprised 12 combinations of sole and intercropping in additive and replacement series under varying row proportions. The yield of chickpea was adversely affected by intercropping with linseed. However, Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 19 the magnitude of reduction was relatively greater in replacement series with row pattern of 3:3. Further, the yield of linseed increased as the proportion of linseed increased in the mixture from 1:1 (additive series) to 3:3 (replacement series). Chickpea + linseed (1:1) with additive series recorded the highest total productivity in terms of chickpea-equivalent yield (CEY) and oil yield, followed by 3:3 row proportion. Sole cropping of linseed noticed numerically higher values of oil content, linolenic acid and iodine value compared to intercropping systems. However, linseed grown with chickpea under replacement series adopting 3:2 row ratio recorded higher values of stearic acid and linoleic acid, whereas 3:3 row pattern observed higher palmitic acid. Maximum oleic acid was observed when linseed was raised keeping 1:1 row ratio with chickpea under additive series.

L-9 Utilization of Indian Horse Chestnut (Aesculus indica) for the development of value added products to meet the nutritional security

Sangita Sood and Manju Lata Mishra Department of Food Science,Nutrition and technology CSKHPAU,Palampur-176062

Abstract

Indian Horse Chestnut (Aesculus indica) which is widely grown at high altitude in Himachal Pradesh. Every year, seeds go wastes due to lack of awareness, proper processing techniques for the development of value added products .The best known benefit is from the aescin contents present in the flour which can cure several ailments. The flour is low in fat content as the value is attained as 1.99 per cent. The value for ash and protein content is calculated as 4.00 and 7.48 per cent .The sugars and starch content were estimated at 20.23 and 27.83 per cent. The flour is very good in minerals. The sample contained 8.20,19.00,0.50,81.00,706,8.50 and 0.60 mg/100g of Ca, P, Mn ,L ,Zn, Fe and Cu respectively. Despite of having good nutritional quality it is hardly being used. So far, no systematic study was made on these lines. It was attempted to various prepare value added products like energy bars, cake, brownies and shortbread etc .The products were analyzed objectively as well as subjectively. The main advantage of this flour is that it has a hypoglycemic as well as hypocholesterolemic property. If these products are commercialized and popularized this will not only helpful for improving the nutritional status of the local people but also encourage them to sell the crops and fetch handsome remuneration. This way it helps economic emancipation of the people.

L 10 Evaluation of Quality traits of Different Verities of Bamboo Shoots

grown in Palampur Valley

Sangita Sood,Shiwani Walia and Anil Sood

Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology

CSKHPAU, Palampur-176062

Four different varieties of Bamboo shoots viz. Phyllostachys pubescens , Dendrocalamus asper ,Dendrocalamus hamilltoni and Bambusa bambos grown in Palampur valley were evaluated for their quality parameters by using standard procedures. The values for protein contents were estimated to be 3.70,

3.43, 3.50 and 3.42 per cent in V1 ( Phyllostachys pubescens ), V2 (Dendrocalamus asper),V3(Dendrocalamus hamilltoni ) and V4( Bambusa bambos)varieties. However, the fat and fiber contents were evaluated as 0.39,

0.30, 0.29, 0.25 and 1.29, 1.20, 1.50 and 1.42 per cent respectively in the same varieties. The variety V3 had bagged the maximum value for fiber (1.50%) and V2 minimum value for the same content i.e. 1.20 per cent.Whereas, the values for NDF, ADF and Lignin were ranged as 29.70-36.67; 9.75-13.11 and 1.36-2.50 per cent. On the basis of nutritional constituents the variety Dendrocalamus hamilltoni was found to be best.The shoots were evaluated as hypoglycaemic.

L 11: Fuels for various athletic events and games

Sukhdev Singh, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, India

L 12 PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND IPR IN INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR

Dr.V.Sowbhagya rani, UGC PDF*, Dr.G.Indira Priyadarshini, Contract faculty of law** *Dept of Human Rights, S.V.University, Tirupati. **Dept of Law, SPMVV, Tirupati.AP., 517502 India

Intellectual property rights (IPR) have become important in the face of changing trade environment which is characterized by the following features namely global competition, high innovation risks, short product cycle, need for rapid changes in technology, high investments in research and development (R&D), production

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 21 and marketing and need for highly skilled human resources. Geographical barriers to trade among nations are collapsing due to globalisation, a system of multilateral trade and a new emerging economic order. It is therefore quite obvious that the complexities of global trade would be on the increase as more and more variables are introduced leading to uncertainties. Many products and technologies are simultaneously marketed and utilized in many countries. With the opening up of trade in goods and services intellectual property rights (IPR) have become more susceptible to infringement leading to inadequate return to the creators of knowledge. Developers of such products and technologies would like to ensure R&D costs and other costs associated with introduction of new products in the market are recovered and enough profits are generated for investing in R&D to keep up the R&D efforts. One expects that a large number of IP rights would be generated and protected all over the world including India in all areas of science and technology, software and business methods. Public private partnerships or PPPs are seen to have a significant role in bringing in much needed investments as well as efficiencies in utilization and management of The World Trade Organization's agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights set global minimum standards for the protection of intellectual property, substantially increasing and expanding intellectual property rights, and generated clear gains for the pharmaceutical industry and the developed world. India too showed signs of resistance to quick enforcement of International Intellectual Property Right (IPR) protection laws as demanded by the developed countries. The intellectual property (IP) system, and in particular the patent system, can play a pivotal role in relation to health-related development objectives as an incentive for innovation in the pharmaceutical field and as a policy tool to facilitate technology diffusion and access to essential drugs. Conversely, poorly structured IP systems, with an inappropriate balance between innovation and access, can hamper the ability of governments to deliver one of their primary development objectives, safeguarding the health of their populations.

OP 1: Quality Evaluation of Soybean under Long Term Fertilizer Experiments A. B. Singh, A. K. Tripathi, Muneshwar Singh and A Subba Rao Indian Institute of Soil Science Nabi Bagh Berasia Road Bhopal-462038 (M.P)-India ABSTRACT After attaining sufficiency in food production, attention is being paid to address the issue of nutritional quality of the food produced in the country. Although, quality constituents of the crops are generally controlled genetically but, agricultural practices like nutrient management, irrigation and tillage operations also influence the produce quality. The accurate measurement of quality is essential in meeting both regulatory requirements and the need of consumers for accurate information about the products they eat. “Healthy soils equals healthy food equals healthy people” is a fundamental tenet of many ecological farming systems. To address the nutritional quality of soybean, seed samples were collected from on-going experiments of long term fertilizer experiments of Jabalpur and Ranchi centres of LTFE and analysed for crude protein, oil, amino-acids and minerals contents in soybean seed. Results of the study revealed that the application of nutrients in balanced and integrated form resulted increase in 100 seed- weight but moisture content of seed remain unaffected. Increase in 100 seed weight is due to availability of nutrient in more quantity which resulted in better growth and finally into bold size seed. There was an improvement in the protein and S-containing amino-acids (methionine and cysteine content) in soybean seeds under balanced nutrient supply system. Application of balanced nutrients to the crop resulted in improvement of crude Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 23

protein, whereas, oil content in seed was found to be more or less same in all treatments. Similar effect of nutrient application was also noted at Ranchi centre though the soils of Ranchi are Alfisols. Increased constituents in seeds may be due to supply of all the growth promoting substances, like enzymes, hormones, growth regulators etc besides all the essential plant nutrients from the manures, which might have been instrumental in effective regulation of the metabolic functions leading to better synthesis of proximate constituents and consequent improvement in the quality of the produce. On the basis of the result obtained in the study, it can be concluded that balanced application of nutrients not only resulted in improvement in 100 seed weight but also improves protein, amino-acids and minerals contents.

OP 2: Improving Nutritional Quality of Soybean in Different Nutrient Management Systems under Organic Farming A Subba Rao and A B Singh,

Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabi Bagh Berasia Road Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh- 462 038

ABSTRACT Soybean is the most important grain legume crop in the world in terms of its use in human foods and livestock feeds. It is an important rainy season crop of Central India and provides significant returns in many farm enterprises. Though the area under soybean has increased 8 fold but, its productivity gap between achievable potential seed yield of 3 t/ha and current yield level of about 1.0 t/ha remains very wide. Yields of soybean crop will decrease when essential nutrients are in deficient. A long term field experiment was initiated at IISS, Bhopal in 2004 with 3 nutrient management practices viz, 100 % organic, 100% inorganic, integrated ( 50% organic + 50 % inorganic fertilizers) and control (no manures). In 100% organic management system well composted cattle dung manure was applied @ 3.5 t / ha to soybean (JS-335) during rainy season, based on nitrogen equivalent basis. At the end of eight cropping cycles in 2012, the seed samples were collected after harvest of crop and nutritional quality constituents were analyzed to assess the impact of different nutrient management practices on grain quality. It was observed that the highest protein, methionine and cysteine contents were recorded in the system which received 100% organic (36.48%, 1.77 g/16 g N and 1.68 g/16g N) followed by integrated (36.44%, 1.75 g/16 g N and 1.65 g/16 g N) and chemical fertilizers alone (35.32 %, 1.63 g/16 g N and

1.56 g/16g N) and was the lowest in control ( 34.78 %, 1.57 g/16 g N and 1.55 g/16g N). Seed yield of soybean was the highest with the application of cattle dung manure and was the lowest in control. There was an improvement in the protein and S-containing amino-acids (methionine and cysteine content) in soybean seeds in all the nutrient management systems over control. It can be concluded from the study that the production of soybean under 100% organic or 100 % inorganic or integrated nutrient management system for the last 8 years resulted in the improved nutritional quality of soybean compared to the unfertilized crop.

OP 3: Decrease of leaf chlorophyll a /b ratio and its effect on stay-green percentage as altered by micronutrient pelleting of soybean seeds

K.RAMESH* Indian Institute of Soil science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal-462038 (Madhya Pradesh) *E-mail: [email protected]

Soybean plays an important role in the edible oil industry, according to FAO (2005); total land area under soybean was 95.2 m ha with a production of 212.6 mt. In India, cultivated in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. The productivity constraints in soybean can be grouped as poor source-sink relation and nutritional imbalance. Seed pelleting with micronutrients was found promising in legumes. Molybdenum serves a vital function in legume and iron is required both by the legume host as well as Bradyrhizobium for a range of physiological and biochemical processes. In view of the scanty information on seed pelleting of micronutrients, an investigation was conducted at Agricultural college and Research Institute (TNAU), Madurai to study the effect of iron and molybdenum seed pelleting in association with rhizobium as well as foliar spray of nutrients on leaf chlorophyll and stay –green percentage in soybean. Stay-green percentage was worked out from the senescence percentage (Manian et al. 1987) at 80 DAS. The results have shown that seed pelleting with ammonium molybdate and ferrous sulphate at 250 and 500 mg/kg of seed was found to reduce the leaf chlorophyll a/b ratio and increase stay-green percentage. This is probably due to the role of Mo being a component of metaproteion nitrogenase enhancing the nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Besides Fe an essential component of nitrogenase enzyme complex (protein I and II) might have enhanced nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The study stresses the importance of micronutrient pelting which is a low cost management technology. Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 25

OP 4: Biochemical studies on shelf life of pearl millet [Pennisetumglaucum(L.) R. Br.] flour Swastika Jain, Bunty Sharma, Mukesh Kumar, Preeti Goyal, Karamvir Verma and L K Chugh* Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar – 125004

The present investigation was carried out on two pearl millet hybrids viz., HHB 94 and HHB 216. Grains of HHB 94 had high fat (7.5%) and C-glycosylflavones content (125.0 mg/100 g) and possesed low peroxidase activity (9.1 units) in comparison to HHB 216. The normal flour (NF) as well as decorticated grain flour (DGF) of both the hybrids was reconstituted with normal bran (NB), defatted bran (DB) and methanol extracted bran (MEB). The NF, DGF and reconstituted NF or DGF was stored at 35 ºC at ambient relative humidity for 0, 4 or 8 days in an environmental chamber. Decortications of both the hybrids significantly reduced C- glycosylflavones content and peroxidase activity (both in vitro and in situ). Reconstituted NF as well as DGF of both the hybrids with NB and DB caused increase in fat acidity, free fatty acids, C-glycosylflavones content and peroxidase activity (both in vitro and in situ). Whereas reconstitution of NF as well as DGF of both the hybrids with MEB caused significantly increased in vitro peroxidase activity and fat acidity but no profound effect were observed on free fatty acids and C-glycosylflavones content. Storage had no effect on C-glycosylflavones content. In control flour of HHB 94 and HHB 216 very mild odour was detected on 8th day of storage. Intensity of off odour increased on reconstitution of NF as well as DGF of both the hybrids with bran during storage. It was concluded that C-glycosylflavones present in bran fraction might be responsible for development of off- odour in stored pearl millet flour. Key words: Pearl millet, Bran, Decortication, C-glycosylflavones, Peroxidase, off odour, Storage *Correspondence Author

OP 5: Biochemical basis of root rot tolerance in copper treated clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] seedlings Neha Wadhwa1, U N Joshi1, S K Gandhi2 and Naresh Mehta2 1Department of Biochemistry and 2Department of Plant Pathology CCS HAU, Hisar (Haryana)-125004

The clusterbean (guar) is mainly grown for green fodder, galactomannan and vegetable. During growth period, guar plants are mainly attacked by Rhizoctonia which causes root rot disease. The yield loss of guar seeds by root rot disease is about 39.3 per cent. Despite using good quality seeds and fertilizers, the farmers are unable to get good productivity due to root rot disease. Nutrients could also affect the disease tolerance or resistance of plants to pathogens. In view of this, role of micronutrient i.e. copper was investigated in relation to stress tolerance against root rot disease. Clusterbean seedlings growing in soil inoculated with Rhizoctonia were treated with 5 and 10 mg Cu2+ / Kg soil separately. Soil was inoculated by pretreatment with 250 mg (wet weight) of Rhizoctonia inoculum. A similar set was maintained in uninoculated soil. After 15 days, root rot incidence of seedlings treated with 5 and 10 mg Cu2+ / Kg soil was 26.6 and 30.5 per cent less than the inoculated control, respectively. Fresh weight of shoots and their length decreased with infection but increased with copper treatments. Inoculation with Rhizoctonia reduced chlorophyll, non-structural carbohydrate and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) content compared with uninoculated ones; but the decrease was less in seedlings grown in copper treated soil. Oxidative enzymes activities (PPO, PAL and TAL), crude protein, phenolic content and structural components of cell wall increased in inoculated seedlings and this increase was further heightened by the 10 mg Cu2+ /Kg soil treatment in response to fungal invasion. It was concluded that the 10 mg Cu2+ /Kg soil treatment may be an effective soil nutrient to provide stress tolerance in clusterbean seedlings against root rot (fungal) diseases.

OP 6: PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SEED OIL OF JATROPHA CURCAS L.COLLECTED FROM UTTAR PRADESH( INDIA).

Mamta Sahu,1 P.S.Kendurkar2 Department of Agriculture Biochemistry,Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology,U.P.

Abctract- To study oil contents and fatty acid composition among the samples of Jatrophacurcas L. seeds were collected from Uttar Pradesh. Soxhlet extraction methodand gas chromatography (GC) were employed to determine the oil contents of Jatrophaseeds and the fatty acid composition of Jatropha oil. The seed oil contents was % .Physicochemical properties shows acid value ( 17.97), iodine value (104.87mg/g ) and saponification value (200.30mg/g).The evaluation of fatty acid composition using gas chromatography (GC) revealed that, oleic (61.45%), linoleic acid (9.77 %),Palmitic acid (5.45%) and Stearic acid (20.34%).

OP 7: BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MUNGBEAN GENOTYPES Swati Gandhi, Pooja Gupta and J. J. Dhruve*, *Department of Biochemistry, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Mungbean, a major pulse crop is a very good source of digestible protein (20-25 %). It also helps in increasing the soil fertility by biological nitrogen fixation. The present investigation on mungbean was conducted during April, 2013 at the Department of Biochemistry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. The ten genotypes viz., GM-3, GM-4, GM-04-02, GM-05-08, GM-06-08, GM-07-08, K-851 Meha, Pusavishal and Samrat were used for its biochemical and molecular characterization. The significant differences were observed among mungbean genotypes for its various traits such as, strong seedlings, poor seedlings, moisture per cent, total soluble sugars, true protein, Isozymes and RAPD. Seed protein profiles by SDS-PAGE showed the total 8 bands, among them two bands were polymorphic. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient on the basis of presence or absence of bands was calculated for band identification and based on this a dendrogram it was prepared. Two clusters were formed which were represented as A and B. Isozyme electrophoresis viz.; esterase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase were found significant differences and provides useful information to study the diversity among mungbean genotypes. A total of 189 bands were amplified using ten random primers through Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), of which 167 (87.83%) were found to be polymorphic. The highest and the lowest polymorphism found in primer Bio-7 and Bio-8 respectively. From the foregoing discussions, it may be concluded that the biochemical parameters, electrophoretic techniques i.e., SDS-PAGE as well as isozyme and RAPD offer potentially simple, rapid and reliable techniques to study the diversity of mungbean genotypes.

OP 8: Differential expression of SAPs in starch granule development under heat stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Ranjeet R Kumar*, Sushil K Sharma, SunehaGoswamiand Raj D Rai Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India *Corresponding author- E mail: [email protected] , Tel.: +91-09968563788 Abstract Plant being sessile, has to depend on inbuilt defense mechanism to protect itself from various abiotic stresses. Stress associated protein (SAPs) plays very important role in modulating the thermotolerance of wheat. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) and anti-oxidant enzymes are important for environmental stress tolerance of the

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 28 plants. In this study, two full-length cDNAs encoding small heat shock protein (sHSP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), designated TasHSPand SODI, were identified and characterized from wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Quantitative real-time PCR showed very high transcript level of TasHSP and SOD in thermotolerant variety C-306 compared to the thermosusceptible PBW343 at different stages of growth and against differential heat stress (HS). A significant increase in the transcript of TasHSP and SOD was observed in in C-306 compared to PBW343. Protein profiling and isoenzymes analysis showed the expression of several heat-stable proteins and prominent isoenzymes of SOD in C-306 compared to PBW343. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of starch granules showed globular, well-shaped, and more numbers of endospermic cells in C-306, compared to defragmented, irregular shaped and shrunken granules in case of PBW343 under HS treatment (42°C for 2 h). Diurnal change in soluble starch synthase (SSS) activity showed an increase in the activity during afternoon (35°C), compared to morning (29°C) and evening (32°C) in both the cultivars. Under heat stress (42°C for 2 h), a drastic decrease in the SSS activity was observed, due to the thermal denaturation of the enzyme. Findings suggest that abundance of TasHSP and SODI during milky-dough stage plays a very important role in starch granule biosynthesis. The mechanism may be further exploited to develop tolerant wheat cultivar with high quality seeds.

Keywords: Small heat-shock protein, Heat stress, Protein profiling, Isoenzymes, Superoxide dismutase, Wheat, Soluble starch synthase, Scanning electron microscopy, Triticum aestivum L.

OP 9: Title: Studies on the biochemical, nutritional and processing characteristics of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] hybrids. Reena Devi* and A. K. Saxena

Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India

Twenty four pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] hybrids, one CMS line (ICPA-2089) along with local check (AL-201) were evaluated for physico-chemical, nutritional and processing characteristics. Crude protein, crude fiber, ash content, crude fat, moisture content and total carbohydrate were observed in the range of 17.21-24, 6.8-8.3, 2-6, 0.79-2.71, 6-10 and 56.5-63.8 % respectively. PHP-23 was found to be most promising w.r.t. protein, methionine and tryptophan content. Considerable amount of antinutrients was reported in pigeon pea which decreases its nutritional quality. Hybrids exhibited the average content of antinutrients viz. phenols, orthodihydoxyphenols, tannins, trypsin inhibitor activity, amylase inhibitor activity, saponin and phytate as 6.56, 0.23, 1.66, 8.13, 31.84, 1.78 and 8.62 mg/g respectively. Hybrids PHP-25, PHP-34, PHP-35

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 29 and PHP-38 registered lower antinutritional content and hence promising w.r.t. nutritional quality. Pigeon pea hybrids exhibited lower antinutritional content as compared to the CMS line. Soaking in distilled water and different salt solutions viz. 1% NaHCO3, MSS (1.5% NaHCO3 + 0.5% Na2CO3 + 0.75% citric acid) led to a considerable reduction in phenols, tannins, TIA and other water soluble antinutrients. Amongst various methods studied, autoclaving in distilled water was found to be the most effective in reducing levels of antinutrients in pigeon pea hybrids. Protein profile (SDS-PAGE) of pigeon pea hybrids did not register any difference in banding pattern; however variation was observed in the intensity of bands.

Keywords: Pigeon pea, nutritional, antinutritional, phytate, trypsin inhibitor activity, amylase inhibitor activity, soaking, salt solutions, SDS-PAGE.

*Correspondence Author

OP 10: Integrated Plant Nutrition Management through Organic- Inorganic Hybrid Sphere Slow Release Fertilizer System and Calcium nanophosphate gel to increase the yield of Arachis hypogea

R.Mala

Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi-626005,Tamilnadu, India

ABSTRACT

In the present agricultural scenario, where the cultivable land area is shrinking, the requirement of food and other agricultural commodities is increasing due to increase population. There is virtually no scope for horizontal expansion of area under cultivation and it necessitates the development of strategies to enhance agricultural productivity/ area/ unit time. At the same time increase in the use of chemical fertilizers to increase productivity adversely pollute the environment and impairs sustainable productivity. Hence the present paper address the possibility of using calcium alginate sphere encapsulated with composite NPK fertilizers as a slow delivery vehicle system for enhancing the growth and yield of Arachis hypogea in Integrated Plant Nutrition Management. Fertilizer and biopolymer encapsulated Organic –inorganic hybrid sphere of calcium alginate was prepared by ionotropic gelation method.SEM image showed the egg-box like internal architecture of the sphere. The influence of the slow release system on germination, specific activity of amylase and protease, total carbohydrates, total proteins, total microbial population, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Rhizobium and yield performance were evaluated. Plots without the addition of inorganic or organic fertilizers served as control (T1). Plant supplied with biological fertilizer alone (T2), chemical fertilizer (T3) alone served as respective Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 30 controls. In IPNM plants were supplied with both organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizer in free form served as control for SRS (T4). Plants supplied with both organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizer in by hybrid sphere was the test (T5). Germination was 80% in T1, 84% in T2, 86% in T3 and 100 % in T4 and T5. Enzyme activities were stimulated by the slow release of fertilizers at an optimum rate. Specific activity of amylase was 0.205, 0.259, 0.328,0.921 and 1.98 in T1, T2,T3,T4 and T5 respectively on 20th day of plant growth. Similarly the activity of protease was also stimulated. Total chlorophyll concentration on 40th day of plant growth was 525 µg/g, 613 µg/g, 659 µg/g, 746 µg/g and 987 µg/g in T1, T2,T3,T4 and T5 respectively on 40th day of plant growth. Total carbohydrates was 25mg/g, 32mg/g, 39mg/g, 48mg/g and 65mg/g in T1, T2,T3,T4 and T5 respectively on 40th day of plant growth. Count of Rhizobium was 65 x 106 cfu/g of soil , 112 x 106 cfu/g of soil , 44 x 106 cfu/g of soil , 170 x 106 cfu/g of soil , 280 x 106 cfu/g of soil in T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5 respectively on 30th day. Phosphate solubilizing bacterial population was 15 x 106 cfu/g of soil, 49 x 106 cfu/g of soil , 11 x 106 cfu/g of soil , 72 x 106 cfu/g of soil , 98 x 106 cfu/g of soil in T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5 respectively. Nodular count was 15/plant, 49/plant, 28/plant,56/plant and 89/plant in T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5 respectively on 30th day. Yield in terms of grain weight/plant 9,14, 11,23 and 30g/plant in was T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5 respectively.

HYBRID SPHERE EGG BOX LIKE STRUCTURE OF HYBRID SPHERE

T1 T2 T3

Theme 1: Nutritional quality improvement in crops and nutraceuticals for value addition

OP 11 Processing effect on saponins of Rajmash beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

HINA VASISHTHA¹ and R P SRIVASTAVA² Division of Physiology, Biochemistry & Microbiology; Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024

ABSTRACT

Effect of processing such as soaking, cooking and pressure cooking on sapogenols, the aglycone of saponins of seed of five genotypes of Rajmash beans viz., HUR 15, Amber, Uday, Utkarsh and EC 406072 was studied. Sapogenols are triterpenoid of saponins and produced on hydrolysis of saponins, which are responsible for protection against cancer and tumor, hypocholesterolemic and hepato-protective benefits of health. During soaking, sapogenol A and B reduced to an extent of 6.16 and 9.05% respectively. Cooking caused a reduction of 26.8% in sapogenol A content and a further loss of 9.2% was observed during pressure cooking of pre-soaked grain, whereas sapogenol B degraded to the tune of 90.1% during cooking of pre-soaked grain. Complete loss of sapogenol B was observed during pressure cooking of grain. Total sapogenol also decreased significantly during cooking and pressure cooking of pre-soaked grain. Cooking and pressure cooking led to a loss of 64.08 and 73.69%, respectively in total sapogenol content of grain of rajmash beans.

Key words: Cooking, Pressure cooking, Rajmash beans, Sapogenols (A, B and Total), Saponins, Soaking

------

¹Senior Research Fellow (email: [email protected]), ²Principal Scientist (email: [email protected]) Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 32

OP 12 BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF RRII 400 SERIES CLONES OF HEVEA BRASILIENSIS FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE Molly Thomas, Sumesh, K.V., Sreelatha, S., Jayasree Goplakrishnan, Annamalainathan, K. and James Jacob Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam-686 009, Kerala, India Email: [email protected]

Hevea brasiliensis is the most important commercial source of natural rubber. Its cultivation is being extended to agro-climatically marginal and less suitable non-traditional areas to meet the increasing demand. Soil moisture deficit and atmospheric drought have been found to be major causes of crop loss in such areas. To identify suitable drought tolerant clones for establishment in the drought prone areas, five Hevea brasiliensis clones (400 series) were evaluated along with the popular clone RRII 105 and a known drought tolerant check clone, RRIM 600. Young polybag plants of these clones were subjected to water deficit stress for 10 days by withdrawing irrigation. Leaf gas exchange parameters and drought tolerance characters viz. epicuticular wax content, antioxidants (ascorbic acid and thiols) and free radical scavenging enzyme activity (peroxidase and super oxide dismutase) were analysed in these clones.

Among the clones, RRII 430 recorded significantly higher epicuticular wax content than other 400 series clones and RRII 105. Amount of epicuticular wax on the leaf surface is reported to be an important parameter associated with drought and heat tolerance. The clone RRII 430 also had significantly higher levels of ascorbic acid (antioxidant) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity that plays vital role in defense against oxidative stress. Under drought stress, this clone showed maximum photosynthesis rate (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) compared to other 400 series clones. The results indicated that the Hevea clone RRII 430 is the most potential drought tolerant clone among the 400 series clones. Various traits that contribute to drought tolerance potential of young Hevea plants are discussed.

Session: 3

Mode of presentation: Oral/poster

OP 13 Xanthophyll pigments under sun and shade conditions in young plants of Hevea clones Jayasree Gopalakrishnan, K. Annamalainathan and James Jacob Crop Physiology Division, Rubber Research Institute of India, Rubber Board. P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, Pin. 686009, [email protected]

Photosynthetic machinery acclimatizes to wide variety of environmental stresses like drought, cold, high temperature and light intensities, etc. Under stressful conditions photosynthetic rate is reduced and excess energy in the photosystems dissipated as heat otherwise it leads to photo inhibition. Dissipation of excess excitation energy is mediated through xanthophyll cycle pigment in photosynthetic apparatus. In the present study variation of xanthophyll pigment content in young plants exposed to open sunlight and 50% shade conditions in nine Hevea clones (RRII 414, RRII 422, RRII 430, RRII 429, RRII 208, RRIC 100, SCATC 88/13, RRIM 600 and RRII 105) was studied. Sun and shade leaves differ in their xanthophyll pigment composition. It was found that the level of neoxanthin (Nx) content was same for all the clones however, reduced markedly when exposed to open sunlight. In general, low levels of anthraxanthin (Ax) and violaxanthin (Vx) were found in sun exposed leaves. Relative content of lutein (L) under shade and sun leaves was almost equal in RRII 430, RRII 422 and RRIM 600. On the contrary RRIM 600 and RRII 208 recorded higher levels of L and Nx under open sunlight condition. A higher level of zeaxanthin (Zx) was observed in sun leaves in all the clones at midday supported by higher rate of de-epoxidation. The Zx was high in RRII 422 (23%), RRII 430 (21%), RRIM 600 (21%) followed by SCATC 88/13 (19 %) and RRII 208 (19%) under open light. Pool sizes of xanthophyll cycle pigments in sun leaves were found higher than shade leaves in all the clones. Though all the clones showed a certain degree of adaptation to high light conditions, clones such as RRII 422, RRII 430, RRIM 600 and RRII 208 showed relatively better adaptive photosynthetic machinery. The sun/shade adaptation of young Hevea clones was discussed in relation to xanthophyll pigment composition of leaves.

Key words: Xanthophyll pigments, sun/shade adaptation, Hevea brasiliensis

OP 14 Biochemical Changes in Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) Genotypes in Response to Wilt (Fusarium udum Butler) infection N. J. Patel and J.G. Talati Department of Biochemistry, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand - 388 110.

ABSTRACT Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) is a short-lived perennial shrub that is traditionally cultivated as an annual crop in developing countries. During its life span is attacked by more than 100 pathogens. The wilt is caused by Fusarium udum Butler and is one of the most serious and oldest known diseases. The present investigation was carried out on wilt (Fusarium udum Butler) resistant and susceptible genotypes of pigeon pea. The constituents of metabolites from leaf and root were determined at 1st, 4th and 7th Days after inoculation

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 34 under in vitro condition. Total soluble sugar, total phenol, proline, and protein contents at pre-infection stage did not show specific trend or correlation with inherent resistant or susceptible behavior to pathogen. Total soluble sugar content was decreased in both infected and non-infected leaves & roots after infection. An increase in total phenol and proline content was observed in the infected leaves and root tissue. The proline content was increased 37.6% upon infection. The resistant genotypes have higher constitutive protein content in leaves and roots tissue, which increased upon infection.

The Enzymes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and phenol metabolism were studied from leaves and root tissues. The highest peroxidase (POX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity were observed in resistant genotypes compared to susceptible one. The PAL activity was 66.43 % higher in leaves of resistant genotypes. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was 84.24% higher in resistant genotypes. Native PAGE isozyme banding pattern of POX, LOX, estarase and phosphatase showed some inducible band due to disease infection.

OP 15 Determination of genetic diversity and identification of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) hybrid and parental lines using biochemical markers Avadh shah, Nitesh Litoriya and J.G.Talati Department of Biochemistry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat–388 110. *Author for correspondence: E-mail: [email protected]

Pearl millet leaves were collected from 13 samples at the growth stage of 15 DAG and different enzyme activities (peroxidase, catalase, super-oxide dismutase and polyphenol oxidase) were performed out of which peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase showed differences and provided useful information of pearl millet varietal identification. Isozyme electrophoresis of peroxidase, catalase, super oxide dismutase and esterase were found to be useful for varietal identification. Super oxide dismutase was able to differentiate the parental and hybrid lines, while catalase could not provide information regarding the genetic diversity among the parents and hybrids. Sodium dodecyl sulphate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of seed protein showed variability and could be effectively used for varietal identification on the basis of variations in banding pattern and intensity of bands. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) showed variations in the banding pattern of total protein. Out of 25 bands, 23 bands were polymorphic which showed 92% polymorphism. On the basis of different banding pattern, IEF could be used to differentiate the male, female and the hybrid lines up to some extent.

OP 16 PHENOL PROFILING OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONALLY GROWN WHEAT (Triticum durum L.) Nitesh S. Litoriya, Avadh Shah and Jayant G. Talati Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 35

Department of Biochemistry, B A College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand- 388 110, Gujarat. [email protected] Organic crops are often supposed to contain more phenolic secondary metabolites than conventional ones. Wheat is an important component of the human diet and may be a significant source of phenolic antioxidants. To date, few studies have investigated the effect of various agricultural practices on levels of secondary metabolites in crops. This study evaluated the influence of organic and chemical/inorganic fertilizers on concentrations of phenolic acids in durum wheat (GW-1) cultivars using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Different 11 standards were studied in which 5 were identified and quantified i.e. ferulic, caffeic, p-coumaric, vanillic and sinapic acid. Ferulic acid was found to be the main phenolic acid in wheat. Significant differences among the examined treatments in concentration of particular compounds were observed. Concentrations of phenolic acids varied significantly in organic and conventionally grown wheat. Phenolic acids viz., (caffeic acid, coumaric acid, vanillic acid and sinapic acid) were found significantly higher in wheat grown with NADEP compost fortified with castor cake and bio fertilizer than the rest of the treatments, whereas the inorganically grown wheat showed significantly lower amount of all phenolic acids

-1 -1 -1 except caffeic acid (16.49 μg g ), which was at par with organic treatment T2 (16.46 μg g ), T3 (16.61 μg g )

-1 and T4 (17.06 μg g ). It is expected that the synthesis of phenolic acids may be more intensive in organic crops, where neither crop protection chemicals nor mineral fertilizers are used, and environmental stress may stimulate plants to produce more defensive compounds.

OP 017 Indoleamines (Serotonin and Melatonin) in food value plants: Impact on human health

Akula Ramakrishna

Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India., Present address: Monsanto Crop Breeding Centre, Kallinayakanahalli, Gowribidanur Taluk, Chikkaballapur (District) Karnataka, 561213; Email: [email protected]

Abstract:

Melatonin (MEL) and serotonin (SER) are important indoleamines that are involved in neural transmission in mammalian cells. They are also known to be present in various genera of plants.

MEL and SER were reported in various food value plants such as Tomato, Sweet cherries, Coffee, Grapes etc. Moreover, high MEL concentrations have been reported in popular beverages (coffee, tea, wine, and beer), crops (corn, rice, wheat, barley, and oats) and medicinal herbs. Consumption of edible plant tissues that contain the SER and MEL would be useful as their anti-oxidant activity has a bearing their as medicinal value for treatment of human diseases such as cardiovascular damage, Alzheimer’s disease and cancer. In our study, A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI- MS) methods were applied to quantify the profiles of MEL and SER in green and roasted beans of Coffea canephora (robusta) and Coffea Arabica (arabica). Both MEL and SER were detected in green coffee beans (5.8 ± 0.8 µg/g dry weight (DW), 10.5 ± 0.6 µg/g DW) and also in roasted beans of C. canephora (8.0 ± 0.9 µg/g DW, 7.3 ± 0.5 µg/g DW). MEL (3.0 ± 0.6 µg/50 mL) and SER (4.0 ± 0.7 µg/50 mL) were detected in coffee brew. Because of the relevance of indoleamines as bioactive molecules with implications for food, nutritional sciences and human health, it was of interest to explore their levels in coffee, an important universal beverage. This presentation describes the role of indoleamines (SER and MEL) in food value plants and impact on human health. ****** OP 018 Induction of oxidative stress and alteration in proteomes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings exposed to toxic concentrations of boron

Anjana Rani, DST-WOS-A, C/O Prof. R.S.dubey, Head,Dpt of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, BHU,Varanasi-221005

Abstract

Boron is an essential micronutrient for the growth of plants. A very narrow margin exists between the deficiency and toxicity of boron in plants. Similarly, both boron deficiency as well as boron toxicity have very critical effects on the morphology, physiology and metabolism of rice plants. In the present study we have evaluated the morphological, biochemical and proteomic alterations that occured in growing seedlings of rice plants, when subjected to increasing concentrations of boron exposure, starting from moderate (0.5mM) to high (1.5mM) boron levels. Increasing increasing concentration of boron, up to 0.5 mM caused increase in the growth rate of rice seedlings, whereas the concentration from 0.5 to 1.5mM adversely affected growth and the metabolome of rice plants. Loss of chlorophyll content and relative water content (RWC) with boron treatment indicated how boron adversely affected the physiology and photosynthetic metabolism of rice plants. High level of boron (1.5 mM) exposure to rice seedlings caused increased production of many reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide anion and peroxides, in turn leading to oxidative stress and causing oxidative damage to Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 37 the cellular biomolecules. Two dimensional electrophoresis followed by PDQUEST analysis of proteomes generated from rice seedlings indicated upregulation of several constitutive proteins and synthesis of many novel proteins on toxic levels of boron exposure. Results indicate involvement of oxidative stress and possible roles of many novel proteins in expression of boron toxicity in rice plants.

OP 19 MOLECULAR STUDIES OF AROMATIC AND NON AROMATIC RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) GENOTYPES FOR QUALITY TRAITS USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS ZAINAB VHORA, AVADH SHAH* AND SASIDHARAN N Department of Agricultural Botany, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, Gujarat, India (*Corresponding Email: - [email protected])

Abstract

The present study was performed to analyze the genetic diversity among aromatic and non-aromatic rice genotypes using microsatellite markers (SSR). For the investigation, 20 rice cultivars of aromatic, nonaromatic, and quality traits were studied using 25 Rice Microsatellite (RM) markers, among which 15 markers were used for analyzing aromatic and nonaromatic rice genotypes. These markers generated higher level of polymorphism due to which they generated 356 polymorphic reproducible bands with 164 loci. The remaining ten markers are used for the study of quality traits which shown 222 polymorphic bands with 101 alleles. The cluster analysis using SSR markers could distinguish the different genotypes. The dendogram generated on the principle of Unweighted Pair Wise Method using Arithemetic Average (UPGMA) was constructed by Jaccard’s Coefficient and the genotypes were grouped in to clusters. The dendogram developed for aroma and quality traits showed that the genotypes with common phylogeny and geographical orientation tend to cluster together. Key Words: - rice, aromatic, non aromatic, SSR, polymorphism

OP 20 Effect of ethanolic seed extract of Carica papaya Linn. on hormones and reproductive functions in Male Albino rats

Hasim Basha S, Vengaiah V, Goverdhan Naik A, Lalithamma, A & Changamma C*

Department of Zoology, S.V. University, Tirupati-517502, A.P, India.

Abstract The effect of Carica papaya Linn. (Paw-paw) seed extract on hormone levels were studied. Administration of papaya seed extract to Wistar male rat affected the reproductive hormone levels. A significant decline in serum testosterone might be due to adverse effect of treatment on hormonal milieu of the testes. The reduced testosterone level was insufficient for the spermatogenesis and fertilizing ability of the spermatozoa and normal mating behavior. All gonadotropins were accumulated, while the accumulation was more in PRL indicates the hyper prolactemia. The hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis is well organized, with a feed- back mechanism involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and testis. The increased level of FSH & LH reveals a possible role of extract in influencing the release of gonadotrophic hormones from the pituitary. The rise of FSH by itself is of critical importance in the initiation and expansion of spermatogenesis in mammals, as is generally agreed. The stimulatory effects of seed extract seem to be mediated through a pituitary-testicle axis participating in the physiological events of spermatogenesis. Thus, the results suggest that C. papaya seed extract affect the hormonal synthesis and their function which leads to infertility.

Key words: Albino rat, hormones, spermatogenesis, anti-fertility.

OP 21 MICROPROPAGATION: A NOVEL TOOL FOR MULTIPLICATION AND COSERVATION OF VALUABLE MEDICINAL PLANTS

Awadhesh Kumar Mishra, Kavindra Nath Tiwari, Richa Upadhyay and Chandrashekhar Singh

Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005

Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Medicinal plants are widely used in traditional systems of medicines since long back. People rely on herbal medicines for primary health care. Inspite of development and advancement in the field of healthcare practices still a major population of world they are dependent on herbal formulations for the treatment of several health complications. Pharmaceutical industries derive raw materials for herbal formulation from natural habitats. Due to overexploitation, destructive harvesting and degradation of natural habitats a large number of species red listed. They may be endangered, threatened or vulnerable. In vitro culture techniques offer a viable tool for the mass multiplication of genetically identical plant material, large scale production and the germplasm

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 39 conservation of valuable plants. The in vitro technology could be a cost - effective means of high - volume production of the elite planting material throughout the year, without any seasonal constrains. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of rapid in vitro propagation method of highly demanding medicinal herbs. In present communication we highlight the works going on in our lab in the field of multiplication and conservation of some valuable medicinal plants e.g., Bacopa mooniera Clitoria ternatea and some other plants such as Phyllanthus amarus, Nyctanthes arbortristis, Uraria picta, Premna serratifolia and strichnos nux vomica.

OP 22 High frequency shoots regeneration of Phyllanthus fraternus from mature nodal segments-an important medicinal plant

Richa Upadhyay1, Kavindra Nath Tiwari1 and Karuna Singh2

1Department of Botany, and 2Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Phyllanthus fraternus, commonly known as bhui-amla in India, is an important medicinal plant which belongs to family Euphorbiaceae. Plant is widely used in herbal medicines due to its antiviral and hepatoprotective potential. Due to overexploitation of the plant, there is threat for the species, so the development of regeneration protocol for this valuable medicinal plant is highly desirable. In present study, high frequency regeneration protocol was successfully developed for P. fraternus from the field-derived mature nodal segments. The multiple shoots were induced from the nodal segments on cytokinin containing medium. The highest frequency (99%) and maximum number of shoots (19.75) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 2.22μM 6-benzylaminopurine after 3-4 weeks of culture initiation. High frequency of rooting (100%) and maximum number of roots (8.75) per microshoots was obtained on MS media after 5 min pulse treatment with indol-3-butyric acid (IBA) solution (0.98mM). Plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in soil with 95% survival. Regenerated plants were grown normally in the field without showing any morphological variations. This cost-effective regeneration protocol will result in large scale multiplication of P. fraternus for its commercial production and biodiversity conservation.

OP 23 Role of Carotenoid in Human health

Rutika J Shah, Pooja Gupta, S.R. Parmar* and J J Dhruve**

Dept. of Biochemistry, M.B. Patel Science college, V.V. Nagar Dept. of Biochemistry, B.A. College of Agriculture, A.A.U., Anand

Pigments are bioactive compounds and produced within the plants endogenously. They are responsible for attractive natural colours of plants and their products. Pigments participate in various metabolic and physiological processes of plants. They plays important role in chemo-prevention and reduction of various degenerative disease i.e. cardio vascular disease (Stavric, 1994). Green leafy vegetables contain an immense variety of bioactive, non- utritive health enhancing factors such as antioxidants, phytochemicals, essential fatty acids and dietary fiber. Major pigments present in fruits and vegetables are porphyrin i.e. Chlorophyll, Flavonoids and Carotenoids. Fruits and vegetables are good quality sources of antioxidant phytochemicals that diminish the damaging effect of oxidative stress. Carotenoids are recognized as playing an important role in the prevention of human diseases particularly certain cancers, eye disease and maintaining good health. In plants, beta-carotene absorbs light and energy from singlet oxygen and transfers both energies to chlorophyll for photosynthesis. They are more stable and are more bioavailable. The carotenoids improves immune function by protecting phagocytic cells as well as enhancing the response of T & B cells i.e. immune response cells by stimulating the effects of T-cell functions, macrophage, and natural killer cell capacities, and by increasing the production of interleukins. As vitamin A, beta-carotene maintains the cornea and participates in the conversion of light energy into nerve impulses at the retina, helps to maintain night vision. The most abundant carotenoids are beta- carotene, alpha-carotene, gamma-carotene, lycopene, lutein, beta-crpytoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin. Food sources of carotenoids for vegetables are carrots (11210-14000 µg/100g), spinach (100-365 µg/g ), fenugreek leaves (9.15mg/100g), pumpkin (100.50 to 365.40 μg/g), tomatoes (0.23-2.83 mg/100g), sweet potatoes (53- 84 mg/kg) and fruits mangoes (7-26 mg/kg), melons(33-100mg/kg), apricots(1512-16500 µg/100g), pear (0.3-1.2mg/kg) and apple (0.3-5 mg/kg).

OP 24: Degenerative changes in physico-chemical properties of Jatropha curcas oil extracted from fungal infested seeds Seweta Srivastava1*, Gorakh Nath Gupta2, Ravindra Kumar3, Asha Sinha1, Vandana Srivastava4 and Anchal Srivastava5 1Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute Of Agriculture Sciences, B.H.U., Varanasi-221 005. U. P., India.

2Department of Biochemistry, JSBB, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad – 211 007, U.P., India. 3Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal – 132 001, Haryana, India. 4Applied Chemistry Department, Institute of Technology, B.H.U., Varanasi-221 005. U. P., India.

5Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, B.H.U., Varanasi-221 005. U. P., India. *Corresponding Author: Dr. Seweta Srivastava, Division of Biotechnology, U. P. Council of Sugarcane Research, Shahjahanpur – 242 001, U.P., India. Mo. No. +918004986113, Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT:

Bio-fuel has been regarded as potential alternative fuel for partial substitution of petro-diesel. The aim of the present study is to estimate the changes occur in physico-chemical properties of Jatropha curcas oil extracted from fungal infested Jatropha seeds in comparison to oil extracted from fresh seeds. Oil was extracted from fresh and infested Jatropha seeds. Seeds were infested with six dominant fungi viz. Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium chlamydosporum and Penicillium glabrum as well as fresh seeds were used for the extraction of Jatropha oil. After extraction of oil, physico-chemical properties of oil viz. acid value, iodine value, saponification value, UV spectroscopy, cetane value, refractive index, viscosity were estimated. Drastic changes were observed in the physico-chemical properties of Jatropha oil due to fungal infestation which affects the quality of bio-diesel.

OP 25 EFFECT ON PHENOLS AND ENZYMES RELATED TO ITS METABOLISM BY BIOCONTROL AGENT Pseudomonas fluorescens DURING WILT DISEASE IN CHICKPEA.

U.K. Kandoliya*, M.V. Parakhia, B. A. Golakiya and D. N. Vakharia Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362 001, Gujarat, India.

Chickpea is a major source of human and domestic animal food, in India. The low productivity in chickpea is due to the several biotic and abiotic factors. Among biotic factors, wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri is the major problem. Biological control and plant resistance provide an environmentally and economically appropriate means for disease control that can be easily included within an integrated disease Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 42 management strategy. Different studies showed that induced resistance, through the accumulation of various phenolic compounds and enzymes related to its metabolism like Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) may play a crucial role in the biological control and resistance of chickpea to pathogenic attacks. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the biochemical bases for systemic induction of phenolic compounds and enzyme activity related to its metabolism in chickpea plant using five variety differed in its resistance against wilt following seed treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Result showed that the resistant varieties WR-315 and JCP-27 showed the higher amount of phenol content, while susceptible variety JG-62 contained the lowest value. Among the treatments plant obtained from the control treatment recorded the lowest content while all the treatment of microbes along with Pseudomonas fluorescens induced the higher amount of phenol content in the chickpea seedlings. The resistant varieties JCP-27 and WR- 315 showed higher PAL and PPO activities as compared to rest of the varieties. The activity significantly induced in a treatment either by pathogen, biocontrol agent or both as compared to the control. It revealed that the induction of systemic resistance by seed treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens in chickpea plants against wilt.

*Corresponding author: Dr. U.K.Kandoliya, Asstt. Prof.,(Biochemistry)., JAU, Junagadh. email: [email protected]. [email protected], Part of Ph.D. Research work, JAU, Junagadh.

OP 26 RAPD polymorphism associated with defense related proteins induced by Trichoderma against rot pathogen in groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.)

H. P. Gajera*, Disha D. SAvaliya, Priyanka N. Timbadia, S. V. Patel, and B. A. Golakiya Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh – 362 001, Gujarat, India (*Corresponding Author: Tel.: 094297 73224, Email: [email protected]) Abstract The pot culture study was carried out to examine the induction of biochemical defense mechanism in groundnut seedlings in response to treatment with biocontrol agent Trichoderma and challenged with rot pathogen infection in pot culture. Groundnut varieties grown in normal (T1), pathogen (T2) and pathogen + T. viride 60

(T3) treatments showed significant difference in per cent collar rot disease incidence. T. viride 60 treatment induced a significant increase in the activities of β−1,3 glucanase and chitinase in the Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem infected seedlings of tolerant varieties (J-11, GG-2) compared to susceptible (GG-13, GG-20).

Activities β−1,3-glucanase reached maximum levels at 3 days while chitinase was significantly increased up to 9 days. The mechanisms by which T. viride 60 reduced the incidence of collar rot disease may be related to its ability to induce defense mechanisms in groundnut seedlings. The densitometric analysis for Native-PAGE revealed some novel polypeptides in Trichoderma treated (T3) seedlings of groundnut varieties. These protein markers are correlated to the ß-1,3 glucanase and chitinase activities in tolerant varieties. Ten out of 50 RAPD primers were augmented polymorphic DNA profile and produced varietals specific unique DNA fingerprints for identification of groundnut varieties differing in tolerance to collar rot disease. The variety can be grouped together according to their close relationships associated with resistance to disease as evident from cluster analysis. The results demonstrate that the RAPD marker system is useful for varietals identification and genetic diversity analysis of groundnut based on their disease reaction traits.

Key words : Groundnut, Rot pathogen, Trichoderma, PR proteins, Protein profiling, DNA fingerprinting

OP 27 Molecular diversity analysis and relationship among indigenous mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars for fruit quality traits

H. P. Gajera*, Rinkal K. Domadiya, Sweta B. Bheda, S. V. Patel and B. A. Golakiya

Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh – 362 001, India (*Corresponding Author: Tel.: 094297 73224, Email: [email protected]) Abstract The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is amongst the widely grown tropical and subtropical fruit of the world. In India, it is grown in almost all the states and shares about 56% of total production in the world. Tremendous diversity in taste, aroma, size, fiber content and pulp have been observed in more than 1,000 cultivars existing in India. Present study indicates twenty mango cultivars (15 indigenous and 5 popular) are very distinct with respect to the fruit size, shape, morphology and the biochemical quality collected from Gir forest region. Further. Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers were used for characterization and genetic comparison analysis among 20 mango cultivars (15 indigenous and 5 popular) with respect to fruit quality. Three indigenous cultivars – Jamrukhiyo, Chappaniyo and Sopari appears to be distinct from other 12 indigenous which be different in fruit size, sugars, ascorbic acids and carotenoids content. Similarly, popular cultivars – Jamadar and Kesar were also discrete from Alphonso, Dasheri and Neelum in PCoA. Since, some indigenous cultivars were found to be genetically distinct from the popular cultivars indicating their potentiality and distinctiveness for commercial cultivation in Gir forest region of India after thorough testing. The results demonstrate that the

SCoT marker system is useful for cultivar identification and genetic diversity analysis of mango cultivars based on their biological traits.

Keywords: Mango; Indigenous cultivars; SCoT markers; Genetic diversity; Fruit quality

OP 28 Minimizing heavy metal toxicity on food crops Punesh Sangwan 1*, Vinod Kumar2, U. N. Joshi1 1Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India) 2Akal School of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib (India) Correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract In 2020, the world population will most likely reach 7.6 billion, an increase of 31% over the mid-1996 population of 5.8 billion. This overall increase in population will pose great challenges to food quality and security. In addition to this, decreased crop yield due to heavy metal contamination affects large agricultural areas worldwide near industrial sites, around large cities and in the vicinity of mining and smelting plants. Agriculture in these areas faces major problems due to heavy metal transfer into crops and subsequently into the food chain. Multiple strategies like choice of varieties, soil amendments, agronomic practices and biotechnological approaches looks promising while adapting for minimizing toxic effects of metals like Cr, Cd and Pb. Since crop species and varieties largely differ in their heavy metal uptake, choosing plants i.e., legumes and cereals with low transfer factors may reduce metal concentration in edible parts significantly. Cultivating crops i.e., spinach or lettuce with higher heavy metal uptake capacity should be avoided. Soil amendments, both organic and inorganic amendments, are other effective measures to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in crops. Further effective methods to reduce metal transfer into food chain include crop rotation and cultivation of industrial or bio-energy crops. Introduction of newer technologies including appropriate application of biotechnology for development of heavy metal tolerant varieties will all have to be exploited to increase food availability to minimize the heavy metals phytotoxicity and meet the needs of growing populations. It is concluded that the strategies presented here comprise several tools, which are effective to allow safe agriculture on moderately contaminated soils.

OP 29 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN SESAME USING MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 45

Kiranmayi S L1, Roja V1, Sivaraj N2, Sivaramakrishnan S1 1 Institute of Biotechnology, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad-500030, India 2 National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, India [email protected]

ABSTRACT: The present study focuses on diversity analysis in 23 accessions of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) using morphological, biochemical and molecular techniques. Morphological characterization of 13 quantitative and 2 qualitative parameters was carried out by correlation studies. Wide variations were observed in flower color, seed color and capsule bearing capacity. Euclidian similarity matrix for morphological data was computed between observable distances and dendrogram which was observed as r = 0.79. Cluster analysis revealed two major clusters. Biochemical analysis was carried out with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Gas Chromatography to estimate oil content and fatty acid composition respectively. The highest oil content was observed to be 47.68% in IC 426465 and range of oil content obtained among accessions was 37-47%. Fatty acid estimation revealed from principle fatty acids, Palmitic, steric, oleic and linoleic acids with highest linoleic acid content observed among all the fatty acids. Molecular analysis included the study of accessions with 10 SSR markers. 4 primers were found to be polymorphic. A total of 14 alleles were detected at the four loci with an average of 3.5 alleles/ locus. The pair wise similarity based on Dice coefficient for all the accessions ranged from 0-1. The correlation coefficient (r) computed between observed distances and dendrogram was 0.77 which indicates a good fit. Their genetic distance ranged from 0.1-0.9 which is wider than their phenotypic distance ranged from 0.2-0.7. When MXCOMP was carried out between phenotypic and genotypic data, the correlation coefficient value (r) = 0.12 which was showing less congruency.

OP 30 Association mapping for water use efficiency related traits in rice Roja Veeraghattapu, Kiranmayi S L, Deborah D A K, Santosh patil, and Lakshminarayan R Vemireddy* Institute of Biotechnology, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, India; *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract:

Water use efficiency varies substantially among the genotypes. WUE could be improved by decreasing transpiration without a concomitant reduction in CO2 uptake. In the present study, an attempt was made to identify markers associated with high water use efficiency by candidate gene based association mapping. In all, Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 46

48 rice genotypes used for recording various physiological and anatomical traits related to water use efficiency viz., relative water content (RWC), specific leaf area (SLA), no of stomata, size of stomata and distance between stomata for screening with molecular markers associated with the WUE QTLs/genes from previous reports. Association mapping was done using GLM model of TASSEL 2.1 to identify the markers associated with the above traits. Of the markers used, the locus RM555 explained maximum phenotypic variance (19.8%) for stomatal features on upper leaf surface, locus RM9 showed phenotypic variance (10.83%) for Relative water content and the loci RM219, RM185, RM21 showed phenotypic variance (11.4 and 16.4%) for stomatal features on lower leaf surface. These loci found to be strongly associated with WUE and have the potential to be used in marker assisted breeding for improving WUE of elite cultivars.

OP 31 INFLUENCE OF TERMINAL WATER STRESS AND BENZYL ADENINE ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN PEARL MILLET GENOTYPES G.V. Marviya* and D.N.Vakharia Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh.362001 (Gujarat), India.

Abstract: A field experiment was designed to study the effect of benzyl adenine (BA) soaked seed treatment (50 mg BA/L) and terminal water stress in leaves of four pearl millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] genotypes (drought tolerant i.e. J-2340 and 95444B and drought sensitive i.e. J-2290 and JMS-101B) during summer season with split split plot design. The leaves were collected at terminal water stress stage (75 days after sowing) and used for various analysis. Imposition of terminal stress reduced relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll-a, b, total and a:b ratio, while increased membrane injury (MI). The genotype J-2340 contained the maximum RWC in irrigated and terminal stress conditions. Among the genotypes, the mean chlorophyll-a, b and total were the highest with the genotype J-2340, while all these three values were minimum in the genotype 95444B. Genotypes J-2290 and 95444B possessed the higher mean values for chl. a:b ratio. The minimum MI was recorded in drought tolerant genotypes J-2340 and 95444B; while drought sensitive genotypes J-2290 and JMS-101B showed higher MI under terminal stress condition. Mean values for chlorophyll stability index were the highest in the genotype 95444 B and the lowest in the genotype J-2290. Minimum RWC and membrane stability index were obtained in the genotype JMS-101B. Most of the parameters showed positive effect of BA soaked seed treatment. ______

*Corresponding Author: Dr. G.V. Marviya, Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. Email ID: [email protected] OP 32 Study of genetic diversity in fertility restoring genotypes for WA cytoplasm in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through RAPD and SSR markers

Dharna J. Parmar, D. A. Patel, Ruchi Trivedi, Sudeshna Chakraborty, Avadh Shah and N. Sasidharan

Department of Agricultural Botany, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110, Gujarat, India

ABSTRACT

Twenty five rice genotypes were used in genetic diversity and fertility restoration study with the help of RAPD and SSR markers. For genetic diversity study, sixty different RAPD primers were screened, out of which 15 gave satisfactory results. A total of 223 loci were observed, among these, 217 loci were found polymorphic with an average polymorphism of 97.83%. RAPD marker OPC-15 amplified maximum number of 265 bands. RAPD based analysis revealed moderately high level of genetic variation among rice genotypes and led to the establishment of genetic relationship between them. The similarity matrix index based on Jaccard’s coefficient and dendrogram based on pooled RAPD data revealed that varieties GR-101 and GR-102 were found in the same sub-cluster ‘A2’ with highest similarity coefficient (0.81), which might be due to common parents in their pedigree. The dendrogram based on RAPD analysis also revealed that rice genotypes were grouped in different clusters according to their production system (irrigated/drilled) or aroma (basmati/non-basmati). The SSR analysis for fertility restorer genes with 10 microsatellite (SSR) markers generated 117 alleles. The highest allele length of 368 bp was found in IR 24 with marker RM 171. The highest allelic frequency of 0.35 was recorded with RM 6737 and highest expected heterozygosity was recorded with RM 3873. The jaccard’s similarity coefficient revealed maximum similarity index of 0.278 between the varieties Narmada and GR-102. The dendrogram based on 10 SSR markers indicated that all drilled rice genotypes of Gujarat were grouped in the same cluster ‘B’, while confirmed fertility restorers and non-restorers were grouped into sub- cluster ‘A2’ and ‘A1’, respectively. The results revealed that SSR marker is effective in studying genetic diversity in intra-specific genotypes, which can be used by plant breeders in the breeding programme. The SSR study revealed that the genotypes such as GR3, GR6, GR8, GAR2, GR 103, GR 11, IR64, Pankhali203, GAR1, Narmada and Ashoka

200F shared a common band size with confirmed restorers such as IR 24, GR101, GR104 and GR7 indicating that these genotypes may also harbor the genes for fertility restoration.

Key words: - Rice, genetic diversity, fertility restorer, RAPD, SSR

23-08-2013 onwards

OP 33 Comparative analysis of different cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) genotypes through morphological and RAPD markers

Rinkal K. Domadiya, Tushar J. Anatala, H. P. Gajera and M. K. Mandavia

Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University (JAU), Junagadh – 362 001

ABSTRACT

The cluster bean is an annual plant known as 'Cyamopsis tetragonoloba' having multi utility as vegetable, food, fodder and feed security for both man and animal. The experimental material comprised eleven Cluster bean genotypes. Morphological characters and RAPD amplification of genomic DNA were carried out for eleven Cluster bean genotypes morphological characters showed significant variation in six quantitative characters namely, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pod per plant, pod length (cm.), 100 seed weight (gm.), seed per pod and four qualitative characters namely leaf late size, surface of stem and leaf and seed size. Variation in morphological characters can significantly helpful to estimate diversity among eleven cluster bean genotypes. Genetic diversity present at molecular level was studied using 14 RAPD Markers. The RAPD dendrogram based on UPGMA analysis grouped the 11 Cluster bean genotypes into two main clusters A and B, Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranging from 0.553 to 0.952. The dendrogram constructed using the RAPD loci data clearly distinguished between all genotypes, which indicated that genotypes JCLB-05-19 and JCLB-05-11 were similar while non- similarity was found between ACLB-17 and HG-2-20. Again, RAPD analysis revealed that HG-2-20

showed maximum variability compared to other ten genotypes. Highly similar genotypes in molecular analysis are also showing superior morphological similarities like higher plant height, seed weight and more number of seed per pods over others. Morphological character along with RAPD markers are significantly helpful to estimate diversity among eleven cluster bean genotypes.

Keywords: Cluster bean, Morphological characters, RAPD markers, Genetic variation.

OP 34 Genetic diversity measured among groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes by isoenzymic and RAPD markers

Disha D Savaliya, Jalpa R Thakkar, H P Gajera and M K Mandavia Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University (JAU), Junagadh: 362001

Abstract: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a leguminous oilseed, valuable cash crop for millions of small scale farmers in the semi-arid tropics. Oilseed crops have specific place in Indian Agriculture because edible oils are next to food grains in Indian diet. It is a self-pollinated, tropical annual legume. There were six different cultivars GG-2, GG-4, GG-6, TG-26, TG-37A, TPG-41 were selected for analysis of genetic diversity. Isoenzymic markers such as peroxidase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase and super oxide dismutase were gave polymorphism among six cultivars. Buffer soluble proteins from groundnut leaf showed seven numbers of bands in all genotypes and they are polymorphic in nature. The seedlings of GG-6 and TG-26 did not give any bands for peroxidase and catalase isoenzymes, respectively and they are polymorphic in nature. Superoxide dismutase isoenzyme had shown only three polymorphic bands out of seven for all genotypes. The dendrogram constructed using the pooled RAPD loci and combined RAPD, isoenzymes, native protein and SDS protein data clearly indicated that genotype GG-2 and GG-4 were similar, while non-similarity was found between TPG-41 and GG-4 and genotype TPG-41 showed maximum variability. Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 50

OP 35 A study on red rice varieties and landraces for promotion as health food

S G Sharma and Avijit Das Division of Biochemistry, Physiology and Environmental Science Central Rice Research Institute Cuttack, Odisha, India-753006

Abstract

Although white rice is widely consumed, many specialty rice containing pigments (color rices), which impart various hues such as black, brown, and red to the rice pericarp are known. The present study was undertaken to evaluate red rice germplasm collected from various parts of India for nutraceuticals, grain quality and nutritional composition to promote potential candidates in research as new resource materials and for mass consumption.

The study brought forth an important point that the red pericarp rices, in general, had a low head rice recovery (HRR) percentage. Since, no variety with a low HRR can be commercially successful; the grains were parboiled, which resulted in enhancement in the HRR to an acceptable value of about 60%. The local rice 1242 had longest grain. The rice Ajirimala showed highest i.e. 1.76 times grain elongation followed by Kholiholibora The rice Mugai had highest oil content (3.09%) and thus could be a good source for oil production from rice. The anthocyanin pigment in red pericarp rice varied from 2.4 to 90 mg/100gm and the landrac Mamihangar (90mg/100gm) had the highest anthocyanin content. Mamihangar also had the highest protein content (15.9%) in brown rice. Mamihangar and Khaibadal-1 had high zinc content. The red pericarp rice had higher antioxidant activity compared to the white rice, which varied from 76.57 to 87.48% in brown rice and 50.69 to 74.58% in milled rice. The content of gamma oryzanols in these rices ranged between 178 ppm to 445 ppm in brown rice. Gamma-oryzanol content of Mamihangar was the highest. The rice Mamihangar thus appears to be a potential land race for promotion for being rich in protein, nutraceuticals and zinc.

OP 36 Removal of phytate during processing and cooking of rice grain

Avijit Das and Srigopal Sharma Division of Biochemistry, Plant Physiology and Environmental Sciences

Central Rice Research Institute

Cuttack-753006, India

e-mail: [email protected]

Rice provides important micronutrients such as iron, zinc, vitamins to rice eating population. Other than these nutrients rice has also been reported to contain anti-nutritional factors such as phytic acid, which reduces bioavailability of minerals like calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc. The formation of insoluble mineral phytate complexes at physiological pH values is regarded as the major reason for the poor mineral bioavailability because these complexes are essentially non-absorbable from the human gastrointestinal tract. The present study was undertaken to study the occurrence of phytate in grains of some popular high yielding rice cultivars and extent of losses during processing and cooking. Phytate content in brown rice samples of 23 cultivars studied from 0.58 % to 0.89 %. There was progressive loss of phytate during milling, washing and cooking. Milling of raw rice resulted in a loss of 22.70 to 31.17% phytate, whereas washing and cooking resulted in a loss of 55.38 to 70 % and 74.32 to 85%, respectively. Parboling resulted in slightly lesser loss of phytate (milling: 7-8 %, washing: 3-7 % and cooking: 1-4%). Ten percent milling of raw rice caused 35.17% to 73.48% loss of Fe. The loss further increased during washing (56.51 to 77.12%) and cooking (67.67 to 84.01%). In case of Zn the corresponding losses were 5.47% to 62.19% and the losses further increased during washing (33.20 to 67.23 %) and cooking (50.09 to 77.34%).

OP 37 Interactive Effects of Cadmium and Lead on Oxidative Damage and Antioxidative Responses in Rice Seedlings

Rajneesh Kumar Srivastava*, Poonam Pandey, Ritika Rajpoot, Anjana Rani, Akhilesh Kumar Pandey and R. S. Dubey

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005

When rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings were exposed to 150 µM Cd(NO3)2 or 600 µM Pb(CH3COO)2 individually or in combination for 8 to 16 days in sand cultures, a significant reduction in root/shoot length, fresh weight, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (O2˙‾ and H2O2) was observed. Both Cd and Pb were readily taken up by rice roots and localization of absorbed metal ion was greater in roots than in shoots. Uptake of both the metals Cd and Pb declined by 25 to 40 percent when they were present together in the growth medium compared to their presence individually. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging of leaf stomata revealed that Pb caused more distortion in the shape of guard cells than Cd. Dithizone staining of roots showed localization of absorbed Cd on Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 52 root hairs and epidermal cells. Both Cd and Pb caused loss of plasma membrane integrity in root tips, increased lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, decline in protein thiol and increase in non-protein thiol. The level of reduced forms of non-enzymic antioxidants glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA) and their redox ratios (GSH/AsA) declined whereas the activities of Antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) increased I metal treated seedlings. In-gel activity staining also revealed increased intensities of SOD and GPX isoforms due to metal treatments. Catalase (CAT) activity increased during early days (8d) of metal exposure and declined by 16d. Results suggest that oxidative stress is an important component in expression of Cd and Pb toxicities in rice, though uptake of both metals gets reduced considerably when present together in the medium. Keywords: Cadmium, Lead toxicity, Oxidative stress, Antioxidative defense, Oryza sativa L.

* Presenting author.

OP 38 Standardization of technology of wine making from Jamun (Syzygium cuminii L. Skeels) fruits.

Charul Chaudhary* and B. S. Yadav

Centre of Food Science & Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

*Correspondence Author

Being fruit based undistilled beverage wine retains all the minerals and vitamins. In view of many medicinal and therapeutic properties of Jamun and seasonal availability, an attempt has been made to prepare wine from its juice since wine has longer shelf life than fruit juices and retains all the nutrients. The present investigation was conducted with the objective to explore the production of wine from Jamun fruit by manipulating the fermentation variables. During study three different wine yeasts strains viz. Sachharomyces cerevisiae 3304, 4787 and 3604 were first screened at 15oC and 25oC for their ability to produce wine using Jamun juice with respect to sugar utilization, alcohol production and yeast viable count, strain S. cerevisiae 4787 was selected on the basis of fermentation rate and final alcohol level in the wine. This strain was used for experiment carried out to investigate the effect of inoculum levels (2.5%, 5% and 7.5%) on the wine. Wine was chemically analyzed and observed that there was no significant effect of inoculum level. Considering the chemical composition of wines, yeast strain S. cerevisiae 4787, 7.5% inoculum level and fermentation temperature 25oC were optimum conditions for the preparation of wine. Wine thus prepared was evaluated

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 53 chemically as well as organoleptically. It was observed that Jamun wine was quite acceptable and acceptability of wine was increased with storage. Keywords: Jamun wine, inoculum level, Sachharomyces cerevisiae, fermentation

OP 39 IMPACT OF SEED PRIMING ON ACTIVITIES OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN DIRECT-SEEDED RICE (THEME AREA 3)

Sharda Rani1, Neerja Sharma2, Gulshan Mahajan2 1Department of Biochemistry, 2Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004.

In the present study, paddy of rice genotypes IR 64 and IET 21214 was primed with water

(hydropriming), potassium chloride (KCl 0.45M), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 0.60M) and the untreated paddy referred to as control was sown using direct-seeding technique and the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of the antioxidants were estimated in the flag leaf during the tillering, anthesis and dough stage. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased as a result of all the priming techniques used. The maximum increase in activity of SOD (1.5 times over control) and CAT (2 times) was observed with hydropriming while treatments with CaCl2 and KCl gave almost similar increase (approx 1.2 times for SOD and 1.4 times for CAT). Contents of ascorbate, proline and total amino acids were also increased with various priming treatments, the maximum being with hydropriming (1.8 times for ascorbate, 2.3 times for proline and 1.5 times for total amino acids). Among the three treatments, hydropriming proved to be the best in overcoming aerobic conditions encountered during direct-seeding. Variation in the response of the two genotypes under study to the crop establishment technique was also observed. It is concluded that seed priming treatments lead to higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and content of antioxidant compounds, resulting in better crop establishment and tolerance of aerobic conditions.

Keywords: Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Seed priming, Direct-seeded rice, Ascorbate, Proline.

OP 40 In Silico Characterization Of Catalase Protein Sequences From Different Source Organisms

Ritika Rajpoot, Poonam Pandey, Rajneesh Srivastava, Anjana Rani, Akilesh Pandey, Rama Shankar Dubey, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005

Abstract

The enzyme catalase, a potential antioxidative enzyme ubiquitously present in all living organisms, breaks down H2O2 into H2O and O2. A total of 179 full length protein sequences of catalase from different source organisms representing plants, animals, protista, bacteria and fungi were in silico characterized for homology search, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction and domain analysis. Multiple sequence alignment of catalase protein sequence from different source organisms revealed a conserved region, indicating homology at sequence level among different species. These protein sequences revealed a stretch of conserved sequences which could be possibly the main catalytic site. These conserved regions at different positions could be used for designing degenerate primers or probes for PCR amplification or hybridization of putative catalase gene(s) from different source organisms.

The phylogenetic tree construction by NJ method revealed clustering of catalase protein sequences specific for different groups. Plant, fungal, bacterial, protista and animal specific clustering of catalase sequences were observed showing sequence level homology. Domain analysis of these plant catalase sequences revealed its identity to catalase like protein super family domain. Further extensive in silico characterization needs to be done to reveal the role of functional domains in catalytic efficiency of catalases.

Key words: Catalase, In silico, Multiple sequence alignment, Phylogenetic analysis.

OP 41 PLANT HORMONES AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HEVEA BRASILIENSIS R. Krishnakumar, P.K. Ambily and James Jacob Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam 686009, Kerala, INDIA

ABSTRACT

Plant hormones are naturally occurring organic substances that are produced within various tissues of plants at low concentrations which regulate growth and metabolism. It was observed that high intensity tapping and Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 55 over-harvesting of latex from rubber trees have direct effects on the endogenous hormone levels and this can induce oxidative stress leading to the physiological disorder of tapping panel dryness (TPD). We estimated levels of stress hormones like ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA) and growth hormones like indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberllic acid (GA3) and cytokinin (zeatin) in the soft bark tissues of Hevea as well as certain stress indicators like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), cyanide (CN), β-Cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS), peroxidase (Px) and malondealdehyde (MDA). During oxidative stress, the levels of stress hormones increased and the growth hormones decreased in the bark tissue. Both ET and ABA concentrations were high in trees that were experiencing oxidative stress. The levels of H2O2 and its scavenging enzyme, Px, present in healthy trees seemed normal and appeared to be capable of scavenging the H2O2 molecule produced in the tissue. But, the amount of Px produced in the bark tissue was inadequate to detoxify the H2O2 produced in TPD affected trees and thus leading to oxidative stress. Accumulation of MDA was proof that peroxidative damage occurred in the bark tissues of stressed trees. CN content was very high due to low levels of CN scavenging enzyme, β- CAS during stress. Trees under oxidative stress had increased levels of stress hormones and low levels of growth hormones affecting productivity of rubber trees.

Keywords: Cyanide, Hevea brasiliensis, Oxidative stress, Plant hormones, TPD Correspondence: R. Krishnakumar (Email: [email protected])

OP 42 Proteomics study of wheat genotypes (Triticum durum L.) in response to drought stress Sukshala Kadam, Yogesh Shukla, Narayan Subhash, Nilesh Patel, Saleha Diwan , Ankita Mishra, Department of Biochemistry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388110, Gujarat, India Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) study was carried out for analyzing the drought responsiveness of differentially expressed protein spots (DEPs) in the three drought susceptible (HI-8498, GW-1139 and MPO- 1555) and three drought tolerant wheat genotypes (GW-1, AR-07-30 and AR-07-33). In the present study, artificial drought was induced by 20% (-0.52 bar) polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) treatment. Total 630 protein spots were observed amongst all the genotypes which include 273 drought responsive protein spots (DRPs), 37 differentially expressed protein spots (DEPs) and 76 cultivar specific proteins spots. Susceptible genotypes such as HI-8498, GW-1139 and MPO-1555 showed 59.18, 50.89 and 48.71% of DRPs respectively whereas; the tolerant genotypes viz. GW-1, AR-07-30 and AR-07-33 expressed respective50.89, 25.38 and 40.83 % DRPs. Even though the total number of protein spots were more in tolerant genotypes but the majority of DRPs were identified in the susceptible genotypes. Among all the genotypes examined, the susceptible genotypes (HI-8498 and GW-1139) and tolerant genotype (GW-1) showed better performance under the stress conditions. Using this Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 56 technique the DRPs in both susceptible and tolerant wheat genotypes which can proved to be an important tool for understanding the biochemical mechanism in the plants under the stress conditions.

OP 43 Synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant activities of some new pyridine substituted 2-oxindole derivatives Alpana K. Guptaa1, Rama S. Dubeya and Jitendra K. Malikb aDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bananas Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005 India bFood Safety Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122 India

Abstract

1a Corresponding author, Tel: +91 9761201717; E-mail address: [email protected] a Tel: +91 9415992028 Fax: 0542-6701607; E-mail address: [email protected]

3-hydroxy-3-(2-oxo-2-pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) 2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ones (3a-e) and 3-(2-oxo-2-pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene) 2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ones (4a-e) were synthesized by simple and efficient Knoevenagel condensation of various 5- substituted isatins (1a-e) with 2-acetylpyridine (2). The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power and total antioxidant capacity method. Most 3- pyridinyl-ethylidene-indol-2-ones (4a-e) were found to exhibit good antioxidant activity within concentration range from 15 to 500 µg/ml by all the three methods. However, antioxidant efficacy of 3-pyridinyl-3- hydroxy indol-2-ones (3a-e) was low within selected concentration range as compared to standard ascorbic acid. The structures of the synthesized compounds were assigned on the basis of elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data.

C C O COCH3 CH CH 2 N N X X OH X N Absolute ethanol glacial Acetic acid O + O O Diethyamine HCl few drops N N N H H H (1a-e) (2) (3a-e) (4a-e)

X=H, 5-F, 5-Cl, 5-Br, 5-CH3,

Synthetic route for the preparation of new 3-substituted-2-oxindole derivatives (3a-e & 4a-e).

Keywords: 2-Oxindoles, Synthesis, Knoevenagel condensation, in-vitro antioxidant activity

OP 44 Oxidative Stress Associated with Chromium Exposure in Indica Rice Seedligs

Akhilesh Kumar Pandey and R S Dubey

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005

Abstract

Chromium is a major heavy metal pollutant of the environment and shows severe toxicity even at lower concentrations in plants. It exists in various oxidation states ranging from from -2 to +6. Among these +3 and +6 are highly stable, but +6 state shows more toxicity than +3. We used seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. HUR-105 variety and potassium dichromate for our studies. Rice seedlings were raised in hydroponics

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 58 containing Yoshida nutrient solution supplemented with moderately toxic (50µM), highly toxic (100µM) Cr concentrations. At increasing days of growth of seedlings growth parameters and the production of different reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, chlorophylls, levels of thiols and induction of oxidative stress were examined in different parts of the seedlings. Increasing Cr concentration caused increased production of ROS, decline in the content of protein thiol, increased lipid peroxidation in the seedlings. Histochemical localization of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide was confirmed in Cr treated seedlings using DAB staining and NBT reduction methods respectively. Chromium toxicity caused membrane damage in the seedlings marked by greater uptake of the dye Evan’s blue. Results indicate that oxidative stress is a major component in expression of chromium toxicity in rice plants.

OP 45 Genotypic variation of wheat seedlings in response to low-N condition on growth under hydroponics Subodh Kumar Sinha, Niketa Bansal, Gayatri, Rajesh Kumar Gupta and P. K. Mandal National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa-110012, New Delhi

ABSTRACT

Nitrogen is quantitatively most important nutrient and limiting factor for growth and development of plants. In field condition, however, on an average only 30-50% of applied N is actually taken up by plants depending on species and cultivars and rest of the applied N to the soil is lost to the environment. Being second most important cereal crop in India, Wheat with increased NUE will be of great economic benefit to farmers and will help to reduce environmental contamination associated with excessive inputs of N fertilizers. One important approach to improve the NUE of crop plants is to develop an understanding of the plant growth response to N- limitation by comparing different wheat genotypes and the characterization of genotypes that grow well under N-limited conditions. Four wheat varieties selected among several based on preliminary study on nitrogen use traits carrying out at field level viz. Kalyansona, DBW-17, PBW-502 and NP-890, to study their nitrogen requirement under optimal and stressed situations for further understanding of probable key factor(s) in improving NUE efficiency trait(s). Surface sterilized seeds were kept for germination at 22-250C in dark and then grown in hydroponic condition containing MS modified (No N source) medium with different concentrations of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O as nitrate source. Initially for three days all seedlings were grown at 4mM

Ca(NO3)2.4H2O and then grown on two different nitrate concentrations viz. 4mM and 0.04mM. N deficiency symptoms, root and shoot length, and fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots were evaluated to assess the optimal and stressed dose of nitrogen for the varieties taken in present study. Morphological differences in both

- shoot and root growth have clearly been observed under these two tested NO3 concentrations in both individual seedling as well as among different varieties indicating their differential N response.

OP 46 GAMMA-RADIATION TREATMENT FOR THE PHYTOCHEMICAL-ENRICHMENT AND FLAVOR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF SOYBEAN SEEDS AND ITS PRODUCTS KalpanaTewaria, I.M. Santhaa, BhupinderSinghb, SangeetaYadavc, Anil Dahujaa* aDivision of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi bCentre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, IARI, New Delhi c Division of Seed Science & Technology, IARI, New Delhi

ABSTRACT

Interest in introducing soybean and its products is continuously growing, owing to the health promoting effects of soy proteinandphytochemicals antioxidants present in it. However, the grassy, beany, flavour associated with soy products restricts itsconsumption. In the present study, the effect of threedifferent doses (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 kGy) of gamma radiations on the levels various phytochemicals with anti-oxidative properties has been exploredin soybean seeds, differing w.r.t. theirseed coat colour.The changes in gamma radiation-induced antioxidant capacity in soybeanhave further been studied in relation to thelevel of lipid-peroxidation mediated off-flavour generation. The study revealedthat soybean genotypes withblack and brown seed coat were richer in antioxidant molecules mainly because ofinherent higher levels of anthocyanin in them. The anthocyanin content increasedsignificantly in dark coloured varieties (BS-1 and BR-2) at all radiation doses but foryellow varieties (PK-416 and Bragg) there was significant decrease at the higherdoses of 1.0 kGy. Gamma irradiation also resulted in slight enhancement in the level oftotal phenols at 0.5 kGy but only in dark coloured varieties. The isoflavone contentwas found to increase at 0.25 kGy and then decreases at higher doses for all varieties. The tocopherol content increased significantly at 0.25kGy for dark coloured soybean genotypes. The LOX activity decreased significantly in these varieties at all radiationdoses.The TBA number and Carbonyl value decreased for dark varieties at 0.5 and1.0 kGy but increased significantly for yellow varieties at all doses. Thus, our studyshowed that the varieties having dark seed coat colour have higher levels ofantioxidant molecules and are moreresponsive to gamma radiation inducedenhancement in the antioxidant potential leading to flavor improvement, ascompared to the varieties with yellow seed coat colour.

OP 47: ASSOCIATION OF WATER DEFICIT AND ALUMINUM TOLERANCE WITH HIGH ANTIOXIDATIVE ENZYME CAPACITY, LOW PROTEIN CARBONYLATION AND LOW PROTEOLYSIS IN RICE SEEDLINGS Poonam Pandey*, Rajneesh Kumar Srivastava, Ritika Rajpoot, Anjana Rani, Akhilesh Kumar Pandey and R. S. Dubey Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005

Plants are essential organisms for the environment as well as food for humans and animals. The toxic effect of aluminum and water deficit is the major cause of decreased crop productivity. The objective of the present study was to analyze the interactive effects of aluminum and water deficit on the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and on H2O2, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical, chlorophyll content, relative water content, proteolytic activity and protein oxidation in the seedlings of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cvs Malviya-36 (water deficit/Al sensitive) and Vandana (water deficit/Al tolerant). When 15d grown seedlings were exposed to water deficit (created with 15 % polyethylene glycol, PEG-6000) or Al (1mM AlCl 3) treatment or both the treatments together for 24-72h, the lengths of root/shoot, relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll greatly declined in the seedlings of the sensitive cultivar, whereas in the tolerant seedlings either little or insignificant decline in these parameters was observed due to the treatments. Under similar level of water deficit or Al treatment seedlings of sensitive cultivar showed higher level of superoxide generation, H2O2, hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxidation. Tolerant cultivar had constitutively higher level of antioxidative enzymes SOD, CAT, GPX and APX and showed greater increase in activity this cultivar under water deficit or Al treatment alone or in combination compared to the sensitive. Our observations suggest a low level of protein oxidation in the seedlings of tolerant cultivar than the sensitive. Our results suggest that water deficit and aluminum tolerance in rice seedlings are associated with high antioxidative enzyme capacity, low protein carbonylation and low proteolysis as compared with sensitive seedlings. Keywords: Aluminum toxicity, Water deficit, Oxidative stress, Antioxidative defense, Oryza sativa L. * Presenting author. OP 48 Efficiency of Amino Acids and Peptides based Organic Biostimulant on Yield and Quality of Potato

Priyankar Raha*, Indrasen Singh and Triyugi Nath

Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India

Email: [email protected]; Phone: +919415381561

Siapton 10L is a free amino acids and peptides based foliar ‘organic biostimulant’, influences the activity of some enzyme systems and nitrogen balance in plant. It also regulates some plant growth regulators (PGR) functions and makes easier the absorption and the transport of the nutritional macro and micro elements. For the evaluation of the effect of Siapton 10L on the yield and quality of potato (variety Chipsona) in the middle Gangetic plain, Varanasi (25020’ N & 83004’ E) Siapton 10L (Isagro Asia Agrochemicals Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India) was applied (@ 0, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200 and 250mL/100L of water) in three different stages (five leaves stage, beginning of tuber formation stage and 15days after second spray) of potato under field condition. The leaf area index (LAI) increased 37% and chlorophyll content 16.2% at the dose of 250mL Siapton10L/100mL water. The yield of potato was significantly increased by the application of Siapton 10L. The range of percent increase in yield of potato at different doses was 21.8 to 34.7%. The size and weight of potato tubers were quite uniform in Siapton 10L applied crops in comparison with control. Siapton 10L significantly improved the total soluble sugars (TSS), starch and protein content in potato tuber and consequently the taste of tubers was highly improved. The range of percent increase in TSS, starch and protein in tubers were 16.6- 39.5, 25.1- 39.9 and 24.5- 62.3, respectively with respect of different doses. The application of Siapton 10L at the rate of 200- 250mL/100L of water through spraying in potato appeared to be most beneficial and stimulating for growth, yield and quality of potato in the Gangetic plain.

Key words: Siapton 10L, potato, Gangetic plain.

OP 49 Supplementation of Pterocarpus santalinus - heartwood aqueous extract (PSAE) protects effectively from adverse biochemical changes in biomembranes of STZ-diabetic rats receiving alcohol and ameliorates oxidative damage

K.Swarnalatha, R. Purushotham, R. Hymavathi and N.Ch Varadacharyulu*

Department of Biochemistry, SK University, Anantapur.India.

Abstract-Diabetes Mellitus is the second major killer of people causing millions of deaths worldwide every year and alcohol is reported to be the third leading cause of global deaths (WHO, 2011). Nearly 2.5

billion people consume alcohol worldwide including diabetics. Vast literature is available on the adverse effects and pathologies associated with diabetes as well as excessive chronic alcohol consumption. Though moderate alcohol consumption was reported to exert certain health benefits such as coronary protection, a large body of literature revealed that excessive alcohol consumption affects all the body parts and organs adversely. There is a pause of information concerning the damage and biochemical changes in alcoholic diabetics, in particular, biomembranes of diabetics consuming alcohol. Also, now the interest of researchers has been shifted from toxicity to therapy. Thorough survey of literature and our preliminary studies revealed that heart-wood of Pterocarpus santalinus contains anti-diabetic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties Hence, this study is designed to investigate biochemical changes in protein and lipid profiles of red cell and mitochondrial membranes of diabetic rats receiving alcohol (5 g/ Kg b. w.) and also to find out the therapeutic action of PSAE ,if any, against adverse biochemical changes and oxidative damage in STZ-diabetic rats receiving alcohol. Results of the study demonstrated that administration of PSAE (250mg/kg b. w.) protects from adverse changes in composition and properties in biomembranes of STZ-diabetic rats receiving alcohol. Amelioration of oxidative damage in alcoholic diabetic rats upon PSAE supplementation is also evident from this study.

OP 50 Isolation of two halotolerant Bacilli capable of promoting plant growth under saline stress Ravi R. Patel and Vasudev R. Thakkar* Lab 302#B BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar- 388120, Gujarat, India. Email- [email protected] Abstract Fifty halo tolerant bacterial strains were isolated from the saline habitats and screened for growth at different NaCl concentrations. All grew well at 5% NaCl, but only four strains BR5, BN7, BN4 and BN11 could grow at 18% NaCl concentration. These bacteria were further characterized for multiple plant growth promoting traits and found to be producing indole−3- acetic acid (IAA), organic acid, ammonia, siderophore and cell wall degrading enzymes. None were positive for HCN production. Potential of these halotolerant bacteria to ameliorate salt stress was evaluated by growing mungbean plants in salt containing soil inoculated with these bacteria. Two halotolerant bacteria showing significant increase in germination percentage, root length and shoot length compared to uninoculated control were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequence and BLAST analysis, which revealed that they belonged to Bacillus genera.

OP 51: Effect of drought stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative system in chickpea (Cicer aeritenum L.) Ekta Verma and H.R.Singal Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India

Abstract Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting chickpea production in arid and semi arid regions. Estimates of yield losses due to drought range from 40-50 per cent which depend on geographical region and length of crop season. In order to examine the responses of chickpea to drought stress, three cultivars viz. drought sensitive (HC-1) and drought tolerant (ICC-4958 and RSG-931) were selected and planted in a split- plot design under drought stress conditions created by withholding irrigation. The changes in lipid peroxidation, ascorbic acid content and activities of enzymatic antioxidants associated with drought stress were determined in leaves and roots at the 50 per cent flowering stage. The results showed that drought stress significantly enhanced oxidative stress as measured by increase in lipid peroxidation [MDA and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity] and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, in both the leaves and roots of all the chickpea cultivars; however, the increase was more pronounced in HC-1. The activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were found to be increased in both roots and leaves of drought tolerant chickpea cultivars as compared to sensitive one. The basal level of POX was higher in roots as compared to leaves of all the cultivars. The decrease in activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) was observed under drought stress condition in ICC-4958 and RSG-931 while increase in APX activity and decrease in CAT activity was observed in HC-1. Ascorbic acid content was also found to be increased under stressed condition in both the tissues of all the cultivars. The observed data showed that the status of antioxidant enzymes could provide a meaningful tool for depicting drought tolerance of chickpea cultivars. Key words: Chickpea, drought stress, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative system

OP 52 Assessing the genetic purity of maize single cross hybrid K25 using SSR markers J.K. Sharma and Anita Singh Department of Seed Science and Technology CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya Palampur (H.P.) – 176062

Crop productivity is greatly influenced by the genetic purity of seed material. Assessment of genetic purity helps to minimize bio-security and quality risks to the farm business and avoids huge economic losses to the farmer community. Various methods involving morphological, biochemical and molecular markers are available for ascertaining genetic purity. Molecular markers are associated with many advantages over morphological and biochemical markers. DNA fingerprinting approaches allow the assessment of genetic purity by obtaining a specific profile for each hybrid. This technique involves the comparison of samples with true-to- type control and its parental lines. Simple sequence markers (SSRs) are greatly preferred molecular markers as they are co-dominant, highly polymorphic, multi-allelic and distributed throughout a wide range of genomic regions. The present study was carried out to assess the genetic purity of different seed lots of single cross hybrid K25 supplied by Deputy Directors of Agriculture of Kullu and Shimla districts of Himachal Pradesh using SSR markers. Unique amplification profiles for the hybrid K25 and its parental lines supplied by Kanchan Ganga Seed Company Private Limited, Hyderabad were obtained by six SSR markers, namely, umc 1066, umc 1088, phi 006, phi 034, phi 087 and phi 233376. These profiles served as the control and were used for comparison with the amplification profiles obtained from the genomic DNA of seed lots received from Kullu and Shimla to ascertain their genetic purity. These SSR markers amplified two bands (alleles) for the hybrid combining each from its parental line. The size of each allele was determined by running simultaneously a DNA ladder. OP 53 BIOTECHNOLOGY IN FLORICULTURE

Dr Jayanthi Madhavan

Division of Floriculture and Landscaping Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012

Biotechnology techniques have been used since long back by the floricultural industry in both propagation and breeding. In vitro technologies have been used to mass multiply the desired plants and also to generate virus free, high quality propagation stock. Breeders have used other tissue culture techniques such as anther culture and embryo rescue for overcoming some of the breeding problems. Considerable success has been achieved in inducing somatic embryogenesis in ornamental pot plants like chrysanthemum (Dendrathema grandiflorum) Cyclamen persicum, rose, Begonia gracilis, S. ionantha cv. Benjamin, and E. pulcherrima. Genetic engineering has been reported from more than 60 flowering plants. A number of economically important ornamentals as e.g.

Petunia, Dianthus, Dendrathema and Rosa have been successfully transformed with different constructs. More efficient technique called the RNAi has been developed which is very efficiently used to modify flower colour as well as other traits and has become one of the most popular methods to downregulate gene expression in higher plants. Other recent developments in genetic engineering have been the manipulation of the transcription factors regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. This has been successfully tried in rose, lily, snapdragon, morning glory, gentian and tobacco. These genes usually regulate sets of genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway; therefore it is possible to control multiple genes effectively by manipulating these transcription factors. R2R3- MYB and bHLH genes are utilized to control flavonoid biosynthesis in some plant species such as Arabidopsis, tomato, petunia and tobacco, but many flavonoids are synthesized in fruits or leaves and few are of importance in flowers. Chimeric repressor gene-silencing technology (CRES-T) targeting transcription factors is also a promising approach for flower color modification. A chimeric repressor dominantly represses the transcription of its target genes; therefore phenotypes can be easily observed even when RNAi and antisense methods are ineffective. Genetically modified floricultural product to be sold commercially so far are the “Moon” series of carnations offered for sale by Florigene in Australia, Canada, and the USA. There are six cultivars with different intensity of blue/purple pigmentation ranging from pastel shades to almost black. The “blue” coloration of the transgenic carnation is due to expression of a heterologous flavonoid 3’,5’-hydroxylase (F3’,5’H) gene. Florigene and Suntry along with CSIRO, Australia also produced the blue rose with the silencing of Rose DFR gene by RNAi and the insertion of DFR from iris and delphinidin gene from pansy they obtained a mauve coloured rose which is also being commercialised. Apart from these, researchers have also used marker-assisted breeding programs to generate gene linkage maps, as an aid to conventional breeding techniques. Newer areas of biotechnology such as genomics, proteomics, and gene mapping have also been applied to floricultural plants, and this research has led to the isolation and characterization of genes of potential commercial interest. Hence the biotechnological tools used in floriculture are discussed under three major topics such as 1. In vitro propagation 2. Genetic engineering and 3. Genomics.

OP 54 Characterization of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) germplasm introduced from Africa for oil content, oil quality and genetic diversity

P.K.Mandal*1, G.Sujatha and M.Jayanthi2

Directorate of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT

Oil palm, the highest edible oil yielding crop in the world, is usually cultivated as a rainfed crop. In India, it has been introduced as irrigated crop in the farmer’s filed around two decades back. As a part of germplasm exploration and introduction, a total of 60 accessions were collected from 4 different African countries (Guinea Bissau, Zambia, Tanzania and Cameroon) and they were planted in different locations including Directorate of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi. These germplasm, are the main source of genetically diverse oil palm material, which need to be characterized and evaluated before employing them for breeding programme and crop improvement.

In the present study, 96 palms from 27 accessions were characterization based on oil content, fatty acid composition and estimated their genetic diversity by using SSR markers. It was observed that there is a strong negative correlation exists between the oil content and moisture of the mesocarp. Fatty acids composition of mesocarp oil showed six major fatty acids namely Myristic (C14:0), Palmitic (C16:0), Stearic (C18:0), Oleic (C18:1), Linoleic (C18:2) and Linolenic acid (C18:3). Correlation study between different fatty acids showed a strong negative correlation between C16:0 and C18:0, and also between C16:0 and C18:1 indicated the regulation after palmitic acid biosynthesis. Similarly a strong negative correlation was observed between C18:1 and C18:2. Cluster analysis was done using Euclidian’s distance and 8 major groups were formed consisting of 96 palms under study. From the accession wise analysis, palmitic acid was found at highest level in all the Tanzanian accessions. Five superior accessions (ZS-03, ZS-05, ZS-08, CA-03 and CA-08) were identified based on oil content and superior fatty acid composition. Palm wise and accession wise cluster analyses were was carried out by Euclidian’s distance method .

Same palms were subjected to genetic diversity analysis using 50 pairs of SSR primers. Total 73 loci were identified with a total number of 321 alleles. A very high degree of polymorphism (99.38%) was observed among the palms. When all the palms were subjected to cluster analysis, total 24 subgroups (from 2 primary groups and many secondary and tertiary groups) were observed. Many of the clusters were maintaining absolute integrity with respect to their accession. Separately accession wise and individual country wise cluster analyses were also carried out in this study.

From this study, primarily some of the promising accession, especially some very promising palms were identified in terms of oil content in the mesocarp and superior oil quality. Genetic diversity analysis could reveal the genetic distance among the palm. Combing the result, a few palms could be selected having superior oil content and quality, which is genetically diverse from each other, which can be used strait way for oil palm improvement programme.

OP 55 Effect of Germination on Nutritional, Anti-nutritional Mineral Composition and Quality Characteristics of grains in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)

Manoj Katiyar, Nand Kumar and Rohit Kant C.S.Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-2080 02 E mail: Katiyar_manoj @yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Protein, methionine, tryptophan and polyphenol and mineral content in whole grains, dhal samples and germinated grains of promising genotypes/varieties of mungbean viz. KM 2241, HUM 1 and PDM 84-139 were analyzed to determine the effect of treatment on the nutritional characteristics. The results indicated that about one third of starch was degraded during germination of varieties, which was utilized as source of energy for metabolic activities of germination. The soluble protein of seed increased during germination of varieties and thereby increases the nutritive value. Protein content in germinated grains (mean 25.86%) decreased while in dhal samples it increased significantly (mean 27.84%) as compared to ungerminated grains (mean 25.90%). Similarly methionine content also recorded increase in germinated grains (1.18%) and dhal samples (1.07%) in comparison to ungerminated grains (0.86%). Tryptophan content also showed marginal increase in dhal and germinated samples. The ascorbic acid is a strong anti-oxidant and helps in controlling scurvy disease as well as protect against cancer. Germination and dhal processing both, brought down the levels of undesirable polyphenols to a great extent as compared to ungerminated grains as revealed by the mean values of 8.32 mg / 100g and 4.12 mg / 100g in ungerminated and germinated grains, respectively. The reduction in polypheols of seed enhances the digestibility of protein and availability of essential amino acids. The losses of sodium and potassium during germination were very high in mungbean varieties.

OP 56 Nutritional and organoleptic quality of Chilley prepared from red rice grown in Himachal Pradesh

Rajni Modgi*l , Usha Kumari and Radhna Gupta

College of Home Science CSKHPKV Palampur.

Corresponding author* . Email rajni [email protected]

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the seed of a monocot plant of family Oryza. As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for large part of the world’s population, especially in East, South, Southeast Asia, Middle east, Latin America and the West –Indies. In the traditional growing areas of Asia, rice of various colours viz. red, purple, black, brown, yellow, and green have been known and grown, but for the present-day generation, rice connotes only pearly white grain. Their name refer to the kernel colour (black, red or purple) which is formed by deposits of anthocyanins in different layers of the pericarp, seed coat and aleurone. Rice with a red bran layer are called red rice. Though the colour is confined to the bran layer, a tinge of red remains even after a high degree of milling. Little work has been done on the product development of red rice and its nutrional and sensory acceptability So in the present study and attempt was made to develop value added product Chilley from red rice. Red rice were procured from the local farmers of himachal Pradesh andRice research station of CSKHPKV Palampur. Dehulled and milled red rice were used for making the chilley. Results revealed that Dehulled redrice chilley had higher crude protein, crude far , fiber , total carbohydrates and calorific value as compared to milled red rice as well as white rice.. The product developed was acceptable organileptically also. This product can be used by the patients suffering from celiac disease as it is gluten free.

OP 57 Nutritional and Organoleptic Quality of Pan cake Prepared from Kidney Beans Grown In Himachal Pradesh

Rajni Modgi*l , Rashmi Singh , Radhna Gupta and Ranjana Verma

College of Home Science CSKHPKV Palampur.

Corresponding author* . Email rajni [email protected]

Kidney beans or Rajmash are also known as Barbati in Bengali, Phanasi in Gujrati and Rajmaha in Kashmiri. The ‘Kidney bean’ otherwise called the ‘chilli bean’ with its dark red skin is named for its visual resemblance to a Kidney. Kidney beans are an integral part of cuisine in North India and relished as a delicacy. . In

Himachal Pradesh, this crop is largely grown in higher hills of Kinnaur, Kullu, Chamba, and Mandi districts. Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are one of the neglected tropical legumes that can be used to fortify cereal based diets, especially in developing countries because of its high protein content.. Much work has not been done on the product development and value addition of Kidney beans . In the present study an attempt was made to develop and analyze pan cake prepared from kidney beans, Samples of Kidney beans were procured from local farmers. These samples were used for supplementation with rice for preparation of pan cakes which were analyzed for their nutritional quality and organoleptic acceptability. Pan cake is a thin flat round cake prepare from a batter and cooked on a hot gridle or frying pan. Results revealed that the fat content din pan cake decreased with in corporation of kidney beans were as Crude protein and fiber content increased. Acceptability of pan cakes increased with addition of kidney beans. This product can be used by the patients suffering from celiac disease as it is gluten free.

OP 58 Storage behavior of phalsa (Grewia asiatica L.) fruit affected by postharvest application of chemical treatments and storage conditions Pinal B. Vyas, T. V. Ramana Rao* and V. R. Thakkar BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, VALLABH VIDYANAGAR – 388120, GUJARAT *[email protected]

Abstract

Effect of salicylic acid and sodium benzoate alone and in combination with calcium chloride on phalsa (Grewia asiatica L.) fruit stored at two different temperatures viz. (i) low temperature (10 ± 1 ˚C) and (ii) room temperature (25 ± 1 ˚C) was investigated at regular interval of two days. The treatments (T) tested at low temperature were salicylic acid 2mM (T1), salicylic acid 2mM + calcium chloride 1% (T2), sodium benzoate 0.1% (T3), sodium benzoate 0.1% + calcium chloride 1% (T4), control (T5), and at room temperature were, salicylic acid 2mM (T6), Salicylic acid 2mM + calcium chloride 1% (T7), sodium benzoate 0.1% (T8), sodium benzoate 0.1% + calcium chloride 1% (T9) and control (T10). The control fruit stored at lower temperature had the maximum shelf life up to 7 days, while the control fruit stored at room temperature showed its shelf life up to 2 days only. In contrast, the phalsa fruit which was treated with sodium benzoate 0.1% and stored at lower temperature (T3) showed its shelf life up to 14 days, but fruit stored in the room temperature (T8) showed the maximum shelf life to the extent of 5 days only. Among all the presently tested

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 70 treatments, sodium benzoate 0.1% (T3) not only showed longer shelf life, but also it could retain higher amounts of antioxidants like, flavanols and anthocyanins. The activity of cell wall softening enzymes like polygalacturonic acid, pectin methyl esterase and petate lyase was lower in all the chemically treated phalsa fruit as compared to than that of control fruit. Among the treatments tested under the current study, salicylic acid 2mM (T1) showed lower activity of softening enzymes which was a significant sign of delayed ripening. Microbiological analysis proved that the use of sodium benzoate 0.1% has significantly reduced the load of microbes in phalsa fruit stored at lower as well as room temperature. The results revealed that the superiority of sodium benzoate over other postharvest treatments. From this experiment, it can be concluded that storage temperatures as well as chemical treatments have influenced the quality of phalsa fruit.

Key words: Chemical treatments, Fruit, Phalsa, Storage temperature, Shelf life

OP 59 Improving post harvest quality and storability of Jamun fruit (Syzygium cumin L.) with antioxidants incorporated zein coating

Nilanjana S. Baraiya, T.V. Ramana Rao*, V. R. Thakkar

BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University VALLABH VIDYANAGAR – 388 120 GUJARAT

*[email protected] Jamun (Syzygium cumin L.) is a minor indigenous underexploited and perishable fruit of India. Keeping its perishability nature in mind the present work has been under taken to evaluate the postharvest responses of jamun fruit to the treatment of protein based zein coating. The jamun fruit harvested at their commercial maturity stage were treated with aqueous coating solutions of 2% zein with combination of Cystein (0.2%) (T1), Ascorbic acid (0.2%) (T2) and Jamun leaves extract (JLE) (0.2%) (T3), while fruit treated with water were served as control. Both treated as well as control fruit were stored at 10 ± 2 °C for 2 weeks. The influence of these combinations of coatings in enhancing the fruit shelf life and nutritional quality was evaluated by analysing physico chemical, biochemical and visual attributes. The results of the present study demonstrated that during storage, uncoated fruit had rapid weight loss, higher decay incidence, high accumulation of total soluble solids and sugars, accelerated softening and ripening than that of all the coated fruit. The total antioxidant level determined by FRAP assay was found to be improved in fruit coated with zein coating

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 71 enriched with Ascorbic acid (0.2%) and JLE (0.2%). Beisides, the coating emulsion containing zein and cystein retarded the activity of cell wall degrading enzymes like polygalacturonase (PG) and pectate lyase (PL) and maintained textural quality of fruit. As a result, the shelf life of jamun fruit treated with the presently tested coating material had shelf life up to 16 days, while that of control fruit was only 10 days. Therefore, it can be concluded that zein coating enriched with antioxidants may be a promosing strategy for improving nutrional quality and extending the shelf life of Jamun fruit by 6 days more than that of control fruit.

Key words: Jamun fruit, Zein, Cystein, Ascorbic acid, Jamun leaves extract, Nutritional quality, Shelf life OP 60 NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF INTROGRESSION LINES AND THEIR RECURRENT PARENTS IN BROWN AND MILLED RICE GRAIN

Rimaljeet Kaur1, Neerja Sharma2, Kuldeep Singh3 1Department of Biochemistry, 2Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 3School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, India.

Abstract

The introgression of specific genomic regions from wild species to cultivated varieties is an important breeding programme which can be used for the improvement of nutritional composition of rice grain. Therefore, introgression lines (ILs) were developed to compare their nutritional quality with respective recurrent parents in brown and milled rice fractions. The content of carbohydrates, crude protein, free amino acids, proline and micronutrients varied significantly within ILs. Among ILs, IL 859 exhibited highest total (0.94 and 0.29 g 100g- 1), reducing (0.26 and 0.10 g 100g-1) and non-reducing (0.68 and 0.19 g 100g-1) sugars content in both brown and milled rice fractions respectively. The mean crude protein content was found to be comparable between Pusa 44 (9.41 and 7.25 g 100g-1) and its ILs (9.14 and 7.10 g 100g-1) but the mean content was found to be lower in PR 114 derived ILs (9.62 and 7.37 g 100g-1) than PR 114 (10.69 and 8.37 g 100g-1) in brown and milled rice fractions respectively. A relatively low variation in free amino acid was found between genotypes. The highest proline content was found in IL 1892 in brown (0.16 mg g-1) as well as in milled (0.13 mg g-1) rice. In addition, IL 1887 (13.39 μg g-1) and IL 1892 (32.80 μg g-1) were found to be rich in iron and zinc respectively. The results indicate that ILs rich in carbohydrates, proline and micronutrients can be used further for the development of rice cultivars with improved nutritional properties.

Keywords: Introgression lines, Brown rice, Milled rice, Carbohydrates, Crude protein, Free amino acids, Proline, Micronutrients.

OP 61 Effect of nitrogen and sulphur nutrition on nutritional quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds

1 ANJU SHARMA , 1SUCHETA SHARMA, 2B. S. GILL 1Department of Biochemistry, 2Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India-141004. Abstract Field trials were conducted to observe the effect of nitrogen and sulphur nutrition on soybean seed quality at maturity. Soybean (Cv SL 525) was sown in the experimental fields in kharif season in year 2012 in randomized block design with four replications of each treatment. Soils were presupplemented with nitrogen (urea @ 31.25 kg/ha) or sulphur (gypsum @ 20 kg/ha) alone or as combination of these two treatments. Control treatment consisted of experimental soil where neither sulphur nor nitrogen was added. The protein quality parameters i.e. total soluble proteins, free amino acids, sulphur containing amino acids (methionine and cysteine) and glutathione content were significantly increased whereas trypsin inhibitor activity decreased under treatments of sulphur and nitrogen. Nitrogen and sulphur either alone or in combination significantly increased sulphur content and decreased N:S ratio in soybean seeds. Nitrogen supplementation decreased oil content significantly as compared to control treatment. Sulphur alone or in combination with nitrogen significantly increased the proportion of palmitic and linoleic acids and decreased oleic acid in soybean oil. It can be concluded from the present studies that application of different sources of sulphur and nitrogen either alone or in combination can result in improvement of seed storage protein quality parameters. Key words: Nitrogen, sulphur, soybean, protein quality, oil. OP 62 Screening of Maize Hybrids for Yield and Biochemical Characteristics under Drought Condition

*H.C. Singh, M.C. Verma, Manoj Katiyar, Rakesh Singh and K.C. Arya

C.S. Azad University of Ag. & Tech., Kanpur (India)

Email: [email protected] * corresponding Author and Maize Breeder EXTENDED SUMMARY

Twenty one SCH including three composites as checks were evaluated under normal and drought conditions at Oilseeds Research Farm Kalyanpur of C.S. Azad Univ. of Ag. &Tech. Kanpur (India) during winter season of 2011-12. Each genotype was sown in a plot of four meter long two rows spaced at 60x25cm between rows and plants replicated thrice. All the recommended package of practices was adopted to raise a good crop. Artificial drought was created in field at the time of Anthesis. The observations were recorded based on three randomly selected plants in each genotype and each replications for chlorophyll content in leaves (mg/g fresh weight), proline content , starch content in dry leaves, sugar content in fresh leaves as per Hodge et al.(1962) and grain yield plant (g) in both the environment as per AOAC(1970) procedure . The data were subjected for statistical analysis as usual methods.

The results showed significant reduction in total chlorophyll content under drought condition as compared to normal condition. The minimum reduction in chlorophyll was observed in the genotypes TSK22 x TSK32, TSK35 x TSK25, CIM36 x CIM80, CIM36-1 x CIM4, CIM14 x CIM36-1 and CIM01 x CIM32. Proline content was in creased nearly two times in all the genotypes tested under drought as compared with normal one. The maximum proline was observed in genotypes CIM80 x CIM36, CIM01 x CIM32, CIM36 x CIM32, CIM25 x CIM78, Azad Kanti x CIM44, Azad Kanti and Black diamond It was minimums in genotypes TSK79 x TSK9, TSK59 x TSK20, Azad Kanti x CIM44 and CIM17 x CIM 35. It is well known fact that presence of proline in plant tissue is indication of drought tolerance. The starch content in dry leaves was turn reducing under drought environment as compared to normal conditions. The minimum reduction in starch content in the genotypes namely; CIM01xCIM32, CIM 45xCIM56, CIM36xCIM14, TSK22xTSK32, Black Diamond and Azad Kantix CIM44 showed the stability of the genotypes under drought environment. The total sugar content also declined significantly when genotypes/hybrids tested under drought condition as compared with normal one. The minimum reduction in sugar content in the genotypes namely; CIM14xCIM36-1,TSK20xTSK54, Azad Kanti x CIM44 and Azad Kamal were prove there superiority in dry environment. Similarly the grain yield per plant also reduced significantly in all the genotypes as compared with normal environment and genotypes also differ significantly to each other for economic production. However, genotypes namely; CIM36xCIM14, CIM14xCIM36-1, CIM45x CIM56, TSK22xTSK32 and Black Diamond showed better performance for grain yield/ plant.

TABLE: Performance of maize hybrids/ varieties under normal and drought conditions for quality characters

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts Hybrid/gen Normal Drought otype Chloro Prol Starch Total Grain Chlor Pro Starc Total Grain 74 phyll ine content Suga Yield / ophyll line h sugar Yield /plant content cont r plant conten con conte conte References: ent conte t tent nt nt nt

TSK35 x 3.300 1.10 152.90 24.94 30.80 2.97 3.4 91.34 17.25 19.50 TSK25 5

CIM36 x 2.850 1.01 130.20 25.73 27.25 2.52 2.7 45.55 10.73 10.60 CIM80 9

CIM36 x 2.700 1.20 172.5 33.23 29.75 2.60 3.8 125.3 20.90 22.20 CIM14 2 4

CIM56 x 2.880 1.04 140.8 23.46 26.50 2.57 2.8 63.35 13. 14.60 CIM36 9 70

CIM36 x 3.05 1.03 134.8 16.66 23.35 2.56 2.8 48.50 11.55 11.90 CIM80 4

CIM14 x 3.21 1.30 200.0 17.43 30.20 3.01 4.0 160.1 15.75 25.70 CIM36-1 1 5

CIM01 x 3.01 1.22 184.6 18.76 27.4 2.95 3.9 140.3 14.32 18.60 CIM32 2 0

CIM45 x 2.52 1.17 165.4 25.34 28.00 2.32 3.7 117.8 19.35 19.50 CIM56 9 3

Azad Kanti 3.56 0.99 130.5 18.21 25.60 1.55 1.2 41.16 03.49 8.90 x CIM44 4

TSK22 x 3.58 1.20 175.5 36.43 26.50 3.45 3.8 130.0 21.80 18.50 TSK32 5 9

TSK79 x 2.98 1.04 137.6 23.95 29.10 2.40 2.8 58.80 11.73 10.60 TSK9 5

TSK22 x 3.00 0.95 115.4 17.09 22.40 2.16 1.1 23.08 3.41 9.20 TSK35 5

CIM36x 2.95 1.06 145.01 23.98 28.00 2.51 3.0 75.50 06.09 11.50 CIM32 8

TSK20 x 3.17 0.95 118.6 21.19 29.60 1.53 1.2 28.45 15.66 9.60

TSK54Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists 0 ICBBFN 2013Abstracts TSK59 x 3.09 0.96 110.5 32.75 25.50 1.76 1.1 25.32 9.26 10.50 TSK20 6 75

AOAC(1970) Official Methods of Analysis(11th ed.) Association of Official analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C.

Hodge,J.E. & Hofreiter, B.T. (1962In: Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry)(R.L. Whistler and J.N. Be Miller,Editors).

Academic Press, New York.

Theme: Food Technology- New Frontiers OP 63 Nutritional quality and evaluation of food products prepared from nectarine (Prunus perssica) grown in Himachal Pradesh Y. S. Dhaliwal*, S. Dhiman, R. Verma and A. Sandal Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur- 176 062 (HP) Email: [email protected] Abstract Three cultivars of nectarine fruit viz. Snow Queen, May Fire and Silver King were procured from the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur. The procured samples of nectarines were assessed for physico-chemical, nutritional and products development properties. The recipes for preparation of nectarine based value added products were standardized and evaluated for quality characteristics and consumer’s acceptability. The length, width, weight, fruit volume and specific gravity were ranged from 3.95 to 4.07 cm, 4.16 to 4.30 cm, 40.10 to 41.40 g, 40.0 to 41.04 ml and 1.0 to 1.02 g/ml, respectively. The total soluble solids of three varieties of nectarine ranged between 10.5- 10.7 0B. The pH and acidity values of three varieties of nectarine were “3.30, 3.23 and 3.20” and “0.85, 0.76 and 0.89” percent, respectively. The different pulp extraction techniques were compared and blanching technique proved more acceptable for maximum recovery of pulp. The different methodologies have also been standardized for preparation of different nectarine based value added products. The food products prepared from different varieties of nectarine were found to be economically viable and can be promoted to entrepreneurs. Key words: Nectarine cultivars, nutritional quality, products recipes and sensory quality

Theme: Food Technology- New Frontiers OP 64 Functional properties and acceptability of red rice in preparation of extruded products Y. S. Dhaliwal*, A. Pandit, R. Gupta and J. K. Sharma Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 76

CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur- 176 062 (HP) Email: [email protected] Abstract Red rice is the special type of cultivar contains colour pigments and the specific colour refers to the kernel is formed by deposits of anthocyanins in the different layers of the pericarp, seed coat and aleurone. In the present study the different varieties of red rice grown in the specific regions of Himachal Pradesh were assessed for physico-chemical, functional and product development properties. The methodologies for preparation of puffed rice ball, breakfast cereals, extruded rice snacks, rice noodles and rice pasta were standardized and assessed for bulk density, SME, expansion ratio, WAI, WSI and pasting properties. The speciality products were prepared from different blends (100:0, 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75) of red rice. The consumer’s acceptability of the red rice based extruded products was also assessed for colour, flavour, texture and taste using 9 points hedonic scale. The red rice cultivars used in present study for value addition had good pasting properties. The profile of rheological properties of red rice as assessed in the present study and its suitability in extruded products are of great significance for food processing sectors for preparation of red rice based speciality foods. Key words: Red rice, functional properties, extruded products, sensory evaluation

OP 65. Nutritional analysis of aged scented rice collected from Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Department of Biochemistry, N.D. University of agriculture and technology Kumarganj, Faizabad Ankita Sagar*, Pratibha Singh ** and R.P. Singh** Abstract

Basmati’ cultivation is confined to several parts of Indian sub continent like J&K, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Uttrakhand and Western U.P. Wealth of short grained aromatic rice diversity like “Kalanamak” exists in some areas of district Faizabad and Basti (Eastern Uttar Pradesh) but due to good reputation of Basmati in national and international market, efforts were made in past few years to develop and popularize long aromatic rice in new region with acceptable characters. Keeping this fact in view the sample were collected from these two regions were analysed for nutritional composition.. Maximum per cent carbohydrate content was observed i.e. 73.01 and 71.13 in Sugandha 4 and Sugandha 3 in rice varieties of Basti and Faizabad respectively. Maximum per cent amylose was observed i.e. 24.24 and 24.56 in Sugandha 4 rice varieties both for Basti and Faizabad respectively. Maximum per cent total sugar observed i.e. 1.55 and 1.56 in Sugandha 3 both in rice Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 77 varieties of Basti and Faizabad respectively. Maximum per cent of reducing sugar was observed i.e. 0.38 in Sugandha 3 and 0.31 in Sugandha 3 in rice varieties of Basti and Faizabad respectively.. Maximum per cent non reducing sugar was observed i.e. 1.24 and 1.25 in Sugandha 3 for both districts. Maximum per cent total mineral was observed i.e. 1.39 and 1.46 in Sugandhmati and Sugandha 3 for Faizabad and Basti respectively. During storage Sugandha 3 and Sugandha 4 were found promising.The variation in the results found in present investigation may be due to effect of environmental factors, genetic potential and higher doses of fertilizers.

*Research scholar, Department of Biochemistry, NDUA&T, Faizabad.

** Associate professor, Department of Biochemistry, NDUA&T, Faizabad..

OP 66 Value addition of animal feed by treating with phytase as a feed enzyme

Vinod Kumar*, Harpreet Kaur Kalsi, Ramandeep Kaur, Rajveer Singh, H. S. Dhaliwal

Akal School of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib (India) *Correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract

Plants contain some antinutritional compounds that animal cannot digest because of absence of necessary enzymes to degrade them. Improvements in animal performance by enzyme additives in feed has been an area of intensive study recently and in past. The use of enzymes as feed additive is one of the major nutritional advances of great importance in last fifty years. Phytate is major storage form of phosphorus (P) in plant feed ingredients and considered as an antinutrient compound. Phytate bound P in feed is poorly utilized by monogastric animals. Also, it chelates essential minerals, binds to amino acids and proteins, inhibits digestive enzymes, and decreases the nutritive value of food. Considering this, phytate-degrading enzymes (Phytases) have wide applications in animal and human nutrition. Phytases initiates stepwise release of P, leading to the formation of myoinositol phosphate intermediates from phytate. It can improve the nutritional value of plant- based foods by enhancing protein digestibility and mineral availability through phytate hydrolysis during digestion in the stomach or during food processing. Although several low-phytate barley or corn lines with good agronomic performance, reduced phytic acid, increased inorganic P concentration have been developed and tested for nutritional applications, phytase supplementation is still the most feasible method for improving the phytate-mediated low availability of essential minerals. Numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 78 supplemental microbial phytases in enhancing the bioavailability of phosphorus and other minerals in plant- based feed. Although the benefits of phytase supplementation have been well established, further research is being required to reach its full potential and reducing the variability of responses. Further advances in this will allow better formulated rations and improve the welfare of human and conserve resources. With increasing consumer concern of increased animal performance obtainable using feed enzymes, there is no doubt about their increasing role in the future.

OP 67 Standardization and quality evaluation of nutrient rich fruit bar based on karonda (Carissa carandas) Ranjana Verma, Rajni Sharma, Radhna Gupta, Rajni Modgil and YS Dhaliwal Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, College of Home Science, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur – 176 062 E mail: [email protected]

Karonda (Carissa carandas) popularly known as ‘Christs thorn or cranberry’ belong to family Apocynaceae. The fully ripe fruits are full of sweet slightly acidic juice and possess appreciable amounts of jelly grade pectin. Karonda fruit contains good amount of phosphorus, calcium, beta carotene and fibre. It is a rich source of iron and contains a fair amount of vitamin C, and therefore is very useful for curing of anaemia and has antiscorbutic properties. Hence methodology was standardized for preparation of nutrient rich fruit bar based on karonda and with equal proportions of karonda and papaya. The prepared bar was evaluated fresh and after 30, 60 and 90 days of storage for nutritional and sensory parameters. The moisture content of pure and papaya blended karonda bar was 22.22 and 18.50 per cent, respectively. The ascorbic acid content of pure karonda bar was 10.20 mg/100g which decreased to 8.85 mg/100g with the addition of 50 parts of papaya in it. With storage the mean ascorbic acid content of karonda based bar decreased from 9.53 mg/100g to 7.20, 5.70 and 5.26 mg/100g after 30, 60 and 90 days of storage respectively. The total sugar and reducing sugar content of pure and papaya blended karonda bar was 72.60, 59.34 and 70.23, 59.02 per cent, respectively. An increase in total sugar and decrease in reducing sugar content was observed with increase in storage. The sensory acceptability scores of karonda fruit bars improved significantly ((P< 0.05) with addition of equal proportions of papaya pulp.

OP 68 Application of modern techniques for establishment of nutritional quality of Perilla frutescens Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 79

Department of Biochemistry, N.D. University of agriculture and technology Kumarganj, Faizabad Shilpa Singh*, M.K.Srivastava** and R.P. Singh*** Abstract The Perilla frutescens is the species of great potential in agriculture as well as industry. Perilla, also known as Chinese basil, is traditionally grown in China, India, Japan and other Asian countries. A member of the mint family,Lamiaceae, the leaves is used in Chinese herbal medicine for symptoms of asthma and cough and contain calcium, iron, and vitamin C. Its seeds support healthy immune function and are a rich source of omega- 3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). The present investigation on Perilla frutescens was studied at National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi for contents of total oil and fatty acids profile. The results of the study indicated that the oil content in the Perilla species by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance was found in the range of 48.11 to 51.66%. The fatty acid in the Perilla samples found in the range of 54.91 to 63.70% (linolenic acid, linoleic, oleic, Palmitic and stearic acid) by using Gas Liquid Chromatography. These mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids are the most beneficial to human health in prevention and control of various diseases like cardiovascular disorders, cancer, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis etc. The oil content and different fatty acids were also studied by using Near Infrared Spectroscopy method and predicted the different values and almost similar results have been obtained with a little difference. Omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid was found superior in this investigation.

*Research scholar, Department of Biochemistry, NDUA&T, Faizabad. **Sr. Scientist, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi. ***Associate professor, Department of Biochemistry, NDUA&T, Faizabad.

OP 69 Isolation and properties of Acid phosphatase from seeds of Vigna aconitifolia. Asha Ananda and Pramod Kumar Srivastavaa,* aDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India. E-mail address: [email protected], [email protected] Contact no.: +91-9415811822; +91-7376553464

Abstract

Acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) from seeds of Vigna aconitifolia was purified up to apparent homogeneity using sequential steps of ammonium sulphate precipitation and CM-cellulose chromatography. The enzyme was 228 fold purified with 14.6 % recovery. The Mr of native enzyme was 58 kDa as determined by analytical gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-200 column. SDS-PAGE demonstrated that it was made up of two subunits of 24 and ̴ 27 kDa. The enzyme showed its optimum activity at pH 5.0 and 60 ⁰C. It exhibited broad substrate specificity and showed higher specificity constant for p-NPP, Na β-Naphthyl phosphate and AMP. Cu+2, Mo+6, Fe+3, phosphate and fluoride ions were reported as strong inhibitors for the enzyme.

Key words: enzyme purification; phosphoesters; phosphate; inhibition.

OP 70 CONTRIBUTION OF NODULE METABOLISM AND SOURCE SINK RELATIONSHIPS TOWARDS INCREASED SEED SIZE IN LENTIL (Lens Culinaris L.)

Vivek Chandra Verma*, Satvir Kaur*, Anil K Gupta*, Jagmeet Kaur** and Sarbjeet Singh** *Department of Biochemistry, **Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004

Corresponding author: email- [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The present investigation was carried out on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in nodules along with sucrose metabolising enzymes in reproductive structures of two small (PL 4 and LL 699) and two bold (DPL 62 and IPL 406) seeded lentil cultivars during crop development. The root biomass accumulation in DPL 62 and IPL 406 was found to be higher as compared to PL 4 and LL 699 whereas shoot biomass accumulation was found similar in all the four cultivars. The activities of alkaline invertase and sucrose synthase were found to be higher in nodules of PL 4 and LL 699 (small seeded cultivars) whereas phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were found to be more in bold seeded cultivars (DPL 62 and IPL 406). In spite of early flowering in bold seeded lentil cultivars, they have sustained activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolising enzymes in them as compared to small seeded cultivars at later stages of development. The chlorophyll content in leaves and podwall of bold seeded cultivars might be contributing towards assimilation of more photosynthates in podwall. The lower activities of acid and alkaline invertases in pod wall of bold seeded cultivars as compared to small seeded cultivars might be helping to channel more

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 81 sucrose towards the seeds. The rapid decrease in invertase activities in seeds of bold seeded cultivars at 21 DAF and higher and sustained activity of sucrose synthase in their seeds upto 35 DAF as compared to small seeded cultivars indicates seed filling duration and higher sink strength in them that might be responsible for their increased seed size at maturity.

Keywords: Lentil, nodule, podwall, seed size

OP 71 EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID ON ANTIOXIDATIVE DEFENSE SYSTEM AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) GENOTYPES UNDER HEAT STRESS CONDITIONS

Palak Khanna, Kamaljit Kaur and Anil K Gupta Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab -141004

Corresponding author: email- [email protected]

Abstract

In the present investigation, the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on antioxidative defense system and seedling growth was examined in two maize genotypes i.e. CML-32 (heat tolerant) and LM-11(heat susceptible), subjected to heat stress conditions. The root and shoot lengths and biomass of seedlings of both the genotypes showed differential decrease under heat stress (40˚C) conditions. Foliar application of 400µM salicylic acid resulted in increased root/shoot lengths, percent moisture content and seedling biomass of both the genotypes. Application of salicylic acid led to significantly higher activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in roots and shoots of CML-32 and LM-11 seedlings respectively, which correlated well with their decreased H2O2 content. On application of salicylic acid, the roots and shoots of CML-32 seedlings showed significant up regulation of peroxidase activity, under heat stress conditions, as compared to LM-11 genotype. There was reduced lipid peroxidation as was observed by a decrease in malondialdehyde content of both the genotypes. However, superoxide dismutase activity remained unaffected in both genotypes under heat stress as well as SA+heat stress conditions. The content of proline and total phenols increased significantly in the roots and shoots of LM-11 genotype as compared to those of CML-32, when SA treated seedlings were exposed to heat stress. It may thus be concluded that foliar application of salicylic acid improved the antioxidant defense system of both the genotypes under heat stress conditions.

Keywords: Antioxidative defense system, heat stress, maize, salicylic acid

OP 72 ROLE OF EXOGENOUS GALLIC ACID IN AUGMENTING THE ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE IN WHEAT (Triticum aestivum) SEEDLINGS

Anupam Sharma, Rachana D Bhardwaj, Anil K Gupta Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, India. Corresponding author: email- [email protected]

Abstract

In the present study effect of exogenous gallic acid (GA) on antioxidant response was investigated in wheat seedlings. For this purpose, PBW 621 seeds were treated with varying concentrations of GA and grown under controlled conditions. Growth data was taken at 6th Day after germination (DAG). In comparison to hydroprimed seedlings, 20, 80 and 140 ppm of GA led to increase in root and shoot lengths whereas 1000 ppm of GA had no effect on seedling growth. In general, 20 ppm of GA caused up-regulation of Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase activities in the roots which lowered H2O2 content. At 4th DAG, 80 ppm of GA enhanced APX activity by 1.2 fold in shoots as compared to water primed seeds. Superoxide dismutase activity also increased in the roots and shoots of wheat seedlings pretreated with 20ppm of GA at 4th DAG. However, 20, 80 and 140 ppm of GA caused significant decrease in Polyphenol oxidase activity in the roots at 4th DAG. Similar concentrations of GA enhanced ascorbic acid contents in the roots and shoots at 6th DAG. In contrast to this, total phenolic content increased in wheat seedlings at all concentrations of GA. Maximum accumulation of proline was observed in roots of wheat seedlings pretreated with 140 ppm of GA. In general, Malondialdehyde content decreased in the roots and shoots at 20ppm of GA. Therefore it can be inferred that priming with lower concentrations of gallic acid has the strong ability to promote antioxidant response in wheat seedlings.

Keywords: Antioxidant response, gallic acid, wheat

OP 73 Nutritional Studies on Protein and Sugar Pattern as Influenced by Storage Period in Table Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) Preeti* and R.P.Singh** Department of Biochemistry

N.D.University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (UP) ABSTRACT

The effect of storage period on pod quality viz. Protein, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and total sugar content of three varieties of table pea were studied. Table pea namely NDVP-6, Azad Pea-3 and Arkel were collected during Rabi season from vegetable farm, N.D.University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. The pods of pea varieties were stored at ambient temperature in polythene bags at different intervals i.e. 0, 2, 4 and 6 days for periodical evaluation. Protein content in the pea varieties was recorded between 25.93-26.87 percent. Maximum protein content (26.48 per cent) was obtained in fresh peas and minimum (26.34 per cent) was found after six days of storage. Similarly total sugar content was noticed in the range of 3.93-4.51 g/100g. Highest (4.77g/100g) total sugar content was found in fresh peas and lowest (3.73g/100g) was obtained in peas stored for six days. Reducing sugar content among the varieties was found between 0.08-0.12g/100g. Maximum reducing sugar content (0.15g/100g) was recorded in fresh peas and minimum 0.06 g/100g was obtained after six days of storage. Non-reducing sugar content varied from 3.85-4.38 g/100g. During storage, highest non-reducing sugar (4.63g/100g) content was obtained in fresh peas and lowest (3.65g/100g) was recorded after six days of storage. A significant decreasing trend regarding protein, reducing sugar content, non-reducing sugar and total sugar content were obtained during entire storage period. Vitamin A content was observed in the range of 685.52- 709.43 I.U./100g. During storage, a significant increase in the vitamin a content was recorded. Maximum vitamin A content (719.07 I.U./100g) was recorded in peas stored for six days. Highest protein content was obtained in NDVP-6 variety while maximum total sugar content was observed in the variety Arkel. Variety Azad Pea-3 and Arkel were stored upto four days at ambient temperature while variety NDVP-6 was stored upto six days without much loss in their protein and sugar composition.

*Research Scholar, **Associate Professor *Research Scholar, **Associate Professor

OP 74 Effect of smokeless tobacco on biomembranes of human male volunteers-Study of Biochemical and biophysical alterations in plasma S.Fareeda Begum, G. Naga jyothi, C. Suresh Kumar, M. Narendra*

Department of Biochemistry, SK University, Anantapur . India.

Abstract-Tobacco use can be considered a form of drug self administration .Tobacco products differs in their drug delivery characteristics and in the toxicity of delivery systems. Smokeless tobacco (ST) is a blanket term that refers to a number of tobacco products that are used by means other than smoking. These uses include chewing, sniffing ,placing the product between the teeth and gum. Numerous studies have been published addressing nicotine dependence measures for smokers, however , research in the field of ST dependence measures is scarce .Thorough survey of literature and preliminary studies revealed that total cholesterol, LDL,VLDL, Triglycerides , Freefattyacids (except HDL) and the ratio of LDL/HDL was were significantly increased in ST users compared to controls . Also there was a significant increase in plasma glucose and creatinine levels. Previous studies have found the association of ST with the increased rates of traditional cardiovascular risk factors like hypercholesteremia, hypertension, obesity as well as cancer of mouth , esophagus , pharynx , Larynx , Stomach and pancreas. There is evidence that ST users may go on to become smokers , but less evidence that the reverse is true.There is a pause of information concerning the biochemical and biophysical changes in ST users. Hence this study is designed to investigate the biophysical and biochemical alterations as well as composition and properties in biomembranes and plasma profiles of ST human male volunteers.

OP 75 Application Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides from Marine Bacteria

A. Lakshmi Jayasri, M.Sowmya and Prof. V.V. Lakshmi Department of Applied Microbiology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Viswavidyalayam, Tirupati - 517502.

The increased consumption of foods containing additives formulated with chemical preservatives and consumer concerns have created a higher demand for more natural and minimally processed foods, therefore, there is a high interest in naturally produced antimicrobial agents that do not produce adverse effects. The explosion of antibiotic resistant infections continues to plague global and human health care with India being no exception. The situation is worsening due to advent of multidrug resistant strains appearing in bacteria commonly acting either as normal flora, causing only opportunistic infections or in those bacteria which cause sub lethal infections. These interests and have attracted the interest of academia and industry resulting in search for Anti-Microbial Peptide (AMPs). They also represent a new category therapeutic options for infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. AMPs, major strengths is their ability to kill multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Several peptides are being explorex for pre-clinical and clinical trials for the treatment of catheter site infections, cystic fibrosis, acne, wound healing and patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. The present work was aimed to screen marine bacterial isolates for production of AMPs and testing their effectiveness in inhibition of multidrug resistant gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

OP 76 Enhancement in the Quality of Soil by Amending with Keratinase Treated feather D. Aruna Devi and V.V.Lakshmi* Dept. Microbiology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati-517502. [email protected]

Keratin waste is a rich source of nitrogen but it is not effectively utilized in nature due to its recalcitrant nature to common proteases. Treatment of keratinous material with traditional methods yields low value product that is poor fertilizer/feed supplement. Composted manure is presently the only popular organic manure that is used as a source of nutrients and soil conditioner in the field. The composted product has the advantage of improving soil structure, organic matter content and suppress soil borne plant pathogens thereby supporting good plant growth without the adverse effect of to environment like chemical fertilizers. Un-composted or immature compost forms when applied to agriculture soil are phytotoxic to plants and have adverse affect the environment. Keratinase enzyme can specifically target keratin and degrade it and thereby is important in effective utilization of feather waste. Keratinase treated feather (KTF) was added to soil in three different percentage ratios to soil and incubated for a 75days. The soil samples were drawn at periodic intervals and were analysed for soil moisture retention capacity, soil pH, soil organic matter, available nitrogen, biomass (bacterial, fungal, actinomycetes), soil macro and micro elements and the organic transformation was studied during the period The transformation of keratin degraded feather when amended to soil was analyzed using chemical and spectroscopic methods and organic matter transformation was monitored by using FTIR. The results of the study clearly indicated that there is a significant increase in nutritive value and quality of soil by amending with KTF which was comparable with farm yard manure and vermicompost. The study suggests that KTF can be used as alternate organic manure.

OP 77 Potential of Keratinase Treated Feather as Organic Manure V.V.Lakshmi* and D.Aruna Devi, Dept.Microbiology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati- 517502. [email protected] Feather meal generated by traditional means when applied as fertilizer for organic farming resulted in slow release of nitrogen. However, the nutritive value was very low though it was found to enhance water retention capacity of soil. Keratinase treated feather was found to enhance the nutritive value of soil significantly. Hence Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 86 it was of interest to explore KTF potential as possible organic manure. KTF prepared by treatment of feather with Bacillus Subtilis MBF20. The amended soil were used for growth of ground nut seeds (Narayani) in pot cultures for 75 days. Growth in KTF amended soils were compared with the controls that were maintained with amendments with vermicompost, Farmyard manure and without any amendment. The results were compared with controls maintained with amendment using vermicompost and Farm yard manure in addition to one without any amendments. Samples were drawn at different time intervals and analysed for pH, moisture content, Electrical conductivity, Macro and micro nutrients , microbial profile. After75 days the plants were collected and pod yield per plant and nutritive value of the seeds were analysed. The results clearly indicated almost two fold increase in the growth parameters and pod yield compared to unamended soil and significantly higher than the vermicompost and Farmyard manure. The production cost of KTF being very low as compared to other organic manure like guano, KTF can serve as good organic manure.

OP 78 Nutritive and enzymatic analysis on Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) Department of Biochemistry, N.D. University of agriculture and technology Kumarganj, Faizabad Chetna Gangwar*, Pratibha Singh ** Ankita Sagar *and Shilpa Singh* Abstract Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), is the marvelous medicinal plant grown worldwide is a perennial, drought resisting succulent plant belonging to the Liliaceae family. It is cultivated in countries like South Arab, India, East Asia, South America, etc. In India, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh are major state producing aloe. Aloe vera has known to treat cuts, burns, eczema, eases pain and reduces inflammation. Its juice concentrates are high in essential enzymes, which stimulate digestion and have liver-cleansing properties incorporated by rare natural ingredient called Saponins, which cleanse and flush out waste products and toxins. Keeping these fact in view , Aloe vera germplasm procured from experimental farm of N.D.U.A.T., Kumarganj, Faizabad were analysed for nutritional composition and enzyme present in it .Physical characteristics of germplasm revealed that leaf weight varied from 158-168 g and ,leaf length ranged from 40.07-48.77 , leaf thickness from 1.23-6.97 cm , gel content varied from 96.33-97.00 per cent in Aloe vera germplasm respectively. Germplasm IC-112527 showed maximum per cent carbohydrate ( 64.20 per cent) , total mineral (11.10 per cent), total sugar content ( 30.07 per cent ) and total chlorophyll content (0.20 mg/ml ).Also maximum catalase and peroxidase activity i.e. 1.92 unit/g and 1.67 unit/g respectively reveled by Germplasm IC-112527 . IC-285626 showed maximum per cent crude fibre content (11.43 per

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 87 cent). Thus, on the basis of biochemical and enzymatic analysis germplasm IC-112527 promising germplasm during period of one year.

[email protected] (09450763849); [email protected] (08896914412)

[email protected] (08874435404); [email protected] (08726448244)

079 Genotypic variability and effect of environment on fatty acid composition and tocopherols in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). R Goyal, S Sharma and B S Gill* Department of Biochemistry, *Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004. Soybean oil is an important source of tocopherols which are natural antioxidants. Fatty acid composition determines the oil quality and is influenced by environmental conditions during the growing season. Changes in fatty acid profile of oil can also alter the content and composition of tocopherols. Twenty soybean genotypes were grown at two locations (Ludhiana and Gurdaspur) and two planting times (June and July) to compare the seed fatty acid composition and tocopherol content. Significant variation for individual fatty acids among genotypes grown over different locations and planting times was observed. Averaged over both locations and planting times, genotype ‘PK 1026’ showed the maximum mean value for oleic acid and the minimum mean values for linoleic and linolenic acid. HPLC studies revealed highest contents of α, γ, δ and total tocopherols during June planting both at Ludhiana and Gurdaspur. Genotype ‘Sel-P’ showed the highest total and γ- tocopherol content. Linolenate in soybean genotypes was positively correlated with concentration of γ- tocopherol and total tocopherol and negatively with α-tocopherol suggesting that lowering linoleate may result in similar or higher tocopherols in a particular genotype. Genotypes ‘Sel-P’ and ‘NRC-05-154’ with high total tocopherol content could be appropriate for food purposes mainly because of high content of, γ-tocopherol which is the main precursor of vitamin E. OP 080 Cadmium inducible changes of chlorophyll fluorescence transients in Oryza sativa L.

Abin Sebastian and M. N. V. Prasad

Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad,

Hyderabad- 500046. e-mail:[email protected]

Light energy harvest and related biochemical events play crucial role in abiotic stress tolerance. Malfunctioning of light phase reactions of photosynthesis is one of the immediate plant responses to abiotic stress. Loss of Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 88 photosynthesis efficiency often leads to decrease in plant biomass and crop productivity. Chlorophyll fluorescence transient study and analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity are ideal for monitoring these changes. A study on cadmium (Cd) uptake in rice is of importance because of ability of rice plants to accumulate this toxic trace element. In the present study; Oryza sativa cv MTU 7029 was subjected to Cd treatments and chlorophyll fluorescence transients as well as antioxidant activity were monitored. It had been found that Cd treatment reduces efficiency of photoelectron transport. The OJIP transients elucidated the events of photoacclimatory changes in photosystem II (PSII) with progressive increase of cadmium stress. PSII activity was down regulated because of increase in inactive reaction centers (RCs), decrease in electron transport per reaction center and enhanced energy dissipation under Cd stress. L and K-bands were more prominent with increase of Cd treatment and this indicated the ability of rice to resist Cd stress depend on structural stability of PSII and balance between the electrons at the acceptor and donor sides of PSII, respectively. Loss of activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase with increase of Cd treatment indicated that damage of components in photoelectron transport was due to reactive oxygen species.

OP 81 Combining short duration, high yielding ability of MTU 1010 with bacterial leaf blight and blast resistance from Improved Samba Mahsuri and NLR 145 through marker assisted breeding K. Aruna Kumari1,Ch. V. Durga Rani1, R.M. Sundaram2, S. Vanisree3 and M. Seshumadhav2. 1. Institute of Biotechnology, ANGRAU, Rajendranagar 2. Crop improvement section, DRR, Rajendranagar 3. Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar

ABSTRACT

MTU 1010 (Cottondora Sannalu), is one of the popular rice varieties released by Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute (APRRI), Maruteru. It is a short duration, high yielding; long slender rice variety occupied maximum area in India particularly during Rabi season. It is susceptible to bacterial blight (BB) disease, which is endemic to many rice growing areas in India and is also susceptible to blast disease. The present investigation was attempted to introgress BB and blast resistance genes into MTU 1010 using marker assisted backcross breeding method. Improved Samba Mahsuri (ISM) or B95-1 was used as a donor for bacterial blight resistance genes, xa13 and Xa21, whileNLR 145 (Swarnamukhi) was used as donor for blast resistance Pi-kh(renamed as Pi54) gene. Donor parents were validated for the target genes by using xa13-promo (functional marker) for xa13 gene, pTA248 (STS marker) for Xa21 gene and RM206 (SSR marker), Pi54 MAS (functional marker) for Pi54 gene and found that the resistant alleles were present in accordance with earlier reports. Recurrent parent and donor parents showed polymorphism for the selected target genes. Parental polymorphic study carried out

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 89 between two donors and recurrent parent (MTU 1010) with 617 SSR markers. Out of 617 SSR markers, 82 markers showed polymorphism between MTU 1010 and ISM, while 83 were polymorphic between MTU 1010 and NLR145. Fifty six markers in common showed polymorphism between recurrent parent and both the donor parents.

Two crosses viz., MTU 1010 x ISM and MTU 1010 x NLR 145 were made during Rabi 2009-10 and confirmed hybrid plants were used for producing BC1F1 generation. At each backcross generation foreground as well as background analysis was carried out to identify the plant carrying target genes in heterozygous condition with maximum recurrent parent genome. Inter cross was made between two BC2F1s of MTU 1010 x ISM

(female) and MTU 1010 x NLR 145 (male) to obtain ICF1. Out of 320 ICF1 plants, four plants having required three gene combination, viz., xa13, Xa21 and Pi54 in heterozygouscondition. These four ICF1 plants were analysed to screen the recovery percent of recurrent parent genomeby using parental polymorphic markers.

th ICF1-16 plant with recurrent parent genome (90%) was selected and selfed to produce ICF2 seed. A total of 880

F2 plants were screened and 11 triple gene homozygous plants identified. Phenotyping for BB was carried out at 55 days old seedling stage with DRR isolate. As compared to MTU 1010, BB gene introgressed plants (lines having xa13 and Xa21) exhibited very small lesion lengths indicating a very high level of resistance. In addition, the lines containing either Xa21 alone or xa13 alone also exhibited limited lesion lengths. The ‘triple positive’ ICF2plants (possessing xa13, Xa21 andPi54 inhomozygous condition) were screened with parental polymorphic SSR markers for selecting those ‘positive’ plants which possess maximum recovery of recurrent

th parent genome. Highest value recorded in ICF2-16-59 (92%) plant. Chromosome wise analysis of the background showed complete recovery of chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10. Donor parent introgression was analysed using Graphical genotypes, in all individuals 1.0Mb region around the xa13 gene 3.5 Mb region around the Xa21 and Pi54 gene was introgressed from the donor parents.

All the ICF2 pyramided lines selected through marker assisted selection, which are having xa13xa13Pi54Pi54, Xa21Xa21Pi54Pi54 and triple positivexa13xa13Xa21Xa21Pi54Pi54 in homozygous condition were selfed and ICF3 families were screened for blast resistanceat Agriculture Research Station, Nellore and APPRI, Maruteru which are hotspots for blast disease.The donor parent NLR145, which possessed Pi54gene showed high level of resistance for rice blast with ‘3’ disease score and the MTU 1010 showed a disease score ‘7’ and all introgressed lines showed score between ‘1 and 3’ (highly resistant). The families with three gene and two genes showed resistance to BB and blast (14 lines) were analysed for agro-morphological characters along with parent MTU 1010 was planted in RBD design. Replication data subjected to statistical analysis by using window stat software for obtaining the CV, CD and ANOVA. ICF 3-16-59 line showed

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 90 statistically on par with respect to yield and yield related characters when compared with MTU 1010 besides showing resistance to both BB and blast. ICF3-16-235 line showed significant superiority with MTU 1010. However, these lines can be backcrossed once with MTU 1010 to further improve the recurrent parent genome recovery. As per earlier reports, the introgressed families with 86.3% recurrent parent genome were recommended for commercial cultivation.

OP 082 Association of character for quality parametars in maize (Zea mays L.)

*Govind Narayan, H.C. Singh, M.A. Khan, R.K. Singh and Kapil Kumar

Email- [email protected]

C.S.Azad university of Ag. & technology, Kanpur (India)

Abstract/ Extended summary

An experiment consisting 21 maize genotypes was conducted during kharif 2012 at oil seed research form Kalyanpur, Kanpur. Each genotype was sown in two rows each of 4 meter long spaced at 60x20 cm between row plant respectively in a randomized block design replicated thrice. The observations were recorded on five randomly selected plant for chlorophyll content at 30 DAS, 60 DAS, proline content (m) at 60 DAS, Dry weight at 30 DAS, 60DAS, and 90 DAS and cob weight per plant (g). The statistical and biometrical analysis was carried out using usual formula. The results showed high heritability coupled with high Genetic Advance for total dry weight at maturity followed by cob yield per plant, dry weight at 60 DAS and proline content at 60 DAS reflecting the role of additive gene action. High heritability and low Genetic Advance was observed for chlorophyll content at 30 and 60 DAS and plant dry weight at 30 DAS indicating the presence of both additive and non additive genes for controlling the characters. Cob yield per plant showed positive and significant correlation with plant dry weight at maturity while its association with plant dry weight at 60 DAS was negatively significant.

*Corresponding Author. Present address- Dept. of Crop Physiology,

C.S. Azad University of Ag. & Tech. Kanpur-208002.(India)

Table: Mean Performance and selection parameters for Quality parameters in late sown maize.

Genotypes Chlorophyll content Proline content Cob weight (g) Total dry weight (g) at at m at

30 DAS 60 DAS 60 DAS 30 60 DAS Maturi maturity DAS ty

G1 27.70 34.62 34.62 1.70 78.77 188.01 109.08

G2 29.30 37.69 37.69 1.18 50.02 146.43 85.47

G3 28.10 15.84 15.84 1.62 86.95 226.71 141.71

G4 27.98 37.46 37.46 1.24 55.47 77.43 45.40

G5 26.27 35.40 35.40 1.77 55.57 79.05 38.81

G6 28.77 34.54 34.54 1.57 36.52 76.46 48.51

G7 31.20 6.56 6.56 1.71 33.34 93.39 52.59

G8 29.20 38.52 38.52 2.29 40.89 112.09 71.97

G9 32.97 35.56 35.56 2.04 40.45 271.89 159.00

G10 29.90 8.40 8.40 2.26 42.84 152.55 90.67

G11 34.67 36.65 36.65 2.93 47.04 145.63 57.67

G12 31.67 6.59 6.59 2.57 39.94 161.99 91.98

G13 27.90 34.57 34.57 1.70 42.02 158.67 95.33

G14 28.67 36.78 36.78 2.17 32.33 160.97 94.57

G15 30.93 6.31 6.31 2.32 41.70 199.01 108.67

G16 31.41 30.47 30.47 1.99 37.17 116.17 50.90

G17 20.63 7.51 7.51 2.14 34.43 183.19 66.01

G18 22.33 6.39 6.39 1.90 36.04 129.37 117.05

G19 34.27 6.45 6.45 2.18 36.59 160.82 105.92

G20 28.87 34.68 34.68 2.45 25.33 57.50 27.95

G21 27.87 7.56 7.56 1.75 24.24 55.34 33.93

Heritabilty (%) b.s. 70.9 89.3 100.0 63.8 91.6 97.3 98.5

G.Advance (k=2.06) 5.47 10.94 29.3 0.65 29.82 114.24 72.93

Correlation cofficient 0.15 -o.11 -0.21 0.03 -0.36** 0.88** o.98**

**significant at p=0.01

OP 83 Nutritional quality parameters during storage of aromatic rice Sunita Kumari*, R.N.Kewat***, R.P. Singh** and Pratibha Singh** Department of Biochemistry N.D.University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad

ABSTRACT

Aromatic rice contains several aroma components, but the most significant one is identified as 2- acetyl-1- pyrroline. It gives a popcorn like odour. Aromatic rice fetches high prices in some international markets including South Asia, the Middle East particularly India, Pakistan and Thialand.

The present investigation was conducted in department of Biochemistry, NDUAT, kumarganj, Faizabad.

Twelve varieties/strains namely V1, (NDR-6279), V2 (NDR 6265), V3 (Badshah Bhog), V4 (NDR 6257), V5

(Badshah Pasand), V6 (Bhanta Phool A), V7 (IET-19800), V8 Kalanamak A, V9 (Kanak Jeer), V10 (Rambhog B),

V11 (Kalanamak Berdpur) and V12 (Lalmati) were collected from Crop Research Station, Masodha, Faizabad during kharif season. These varieties/strains were stored at room temperature for 4, 8 and 12 months. After completion of successive period, grains were analyzed for nutritional composition. Protein and total sugar content were decreased but amylose and reducing sugars increased during entire storage period. At initiation of storage, protein content was obtained in the ranged of 7.62-8.45 per cent but after 12 month interval it was

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 93 found in the range of 6.87-8.27 per cent. Total sugar content ranged from 1.66-1.98 g/100g and it decreased to 1.43-1.68 g/100g. Amylose content varied from 19.81-23.97 per cent and at 12 month, it increases upto 25.16- 29.08 per cent. Reducing sugar content varied 0.18-0.32 g/100g and it increase 0.23-0.35 g/100g at 12 month interval. Finally, it was concluded that maximum protein, amylose and total sugar content were found maximum in V11 (Kalanamak Berdpur). The main objective of this work is to study the effect of storage on the nutritional parameters of some aromatic rice cultivars grown in Eastern U.P.

------

*Research Scholar, **Associate Professor and ***Assistant Professor

OP 84 Genetic modification of fatty acid composition in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed oil

P K Singh, S D Dubey, Anand Kumar Yadav and Rudra Nath Project Coordinating Unit (Linseed), C S Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208002 ( UP), INDIA

The quality of a vegetable oil is determined by fatty acid compositions. The industrial importance of linseed oil is attributed to the fact that it contains more than 50% linolenic acid , a 18 - carbon atoms with three double bonds at Δ9, Δ12 and Δ15 positions. Upon exposure to the air , these double bonds react rapidly with oxygen and polymerized in to a relatively soft, flexible and durable film hence, not suitable for cooking purposes.

Worldwide attempts have been made to convert linseed oil in to edible oil by reducing the linolenic acid content to less than 3% through mutation breeding.

With the aim of producing low linolenic acid genotypes six concentrations (0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7 and 0.8%) of ethyl methane sulphonate were used to induce mutations in the 500 seeds each of two linseed cultivars A95 and

NDL2004-05 during rabi, 2011-12. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test as suggested by Bhatty and Rowland (2009) was used for rapid screening of large M1 populations. The results indicated the presence of low to medium level of linolenic acid in five treatments of variety A95 treated with different concentrations of EMS.

Seeds harvested from ten plants each of fourteen M3 lines including five promising ones identified on the basis of TBA test were subjected to GLC analysis. A high variability was observed for palmitic (4.81-10.21%) , stearic (4.07-10.04%), oleic (20.20- 28.93%), linoleic ( 11.51- 46.90%) and linolenic acid (18.99- 53.22%). In treatment no. 4 ( A95 , 0.5% EMS), lowest reduction in linolenic acid (18.99%) was recorded along with substantial increase in linoleic acid ( up to 46.90%) which might be due to inhibition of two desaturase enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of linolenic acid.

The end products of this mutation breeding programme offer the possibility of selecting linseed cultivars with diverse fatty acid compositions either directly or in conjunction with traditional method of hybridization and selection.

OP 85 Evaluation of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L) for some biochemical parameters

S. D. Dubey, P. K. Singh and M. V. Hegde* Project coordinating unit (Linseed), C. S. A. University of Ag & Tech, Kanpur

Linseed is an important rabi oilseed crop of India grown under rainfed situations. It is rich source of ω3 fatty acid, lignan, mucilage which emphasized its medicinal properties.

Forty nine genotypes were grown and analyzed during 2012-13 at P. C. Unit (Linseed), C. S. A. Univ of Ag & Tech, Kanpur for six components viz. test weight, oil content, mucilage content , fatty acids composition, iodine value and lignan following standard biochemical procedures.

The test weight varied from 4.34 to 9.69g with mean value of 6.89. The oil content of linseed genotypes ranged between 34.97 to 43.01 % with mean value of 39.49. Twenty five genotypes possessed more than mean value of oil content. The mucilage content varied from 5.51 to 15.97 %, is a polysaccharides having anti - coughing properties and also used as binding material for different food products. The lignan has anti- carcinogenic properties ranged from 1.90 to 6.16 mg/g seeds with mean value of 3.80 and 24 genotypes recorded higher lignan than mean value. The saturated and unsaturated fatty acids ratio was 1:6.9. The saturated fatty acids namely palmitic and stearic acids were found with an average of value of 6.32 and 6.22% respectively. The oleic acid ranged from 16.55 to 33.61%. linoleic (ω6) and linolenic (ω3) acids are essential Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 95 fatty acids varied from 8.21 to 24.50% and 35.36 to 62.545, respectively. The ratio between MUFA and PUFA worked out as 1:2.6. and the ratio of ω6 : ω3 was calculated as 1:3.5. The iodine value ranged from 145.60 to 196.63.

Positive correlation exits between oil content vs test weight, lignan, linolenic acid, lignan vs linolenic acid, linolenic acid vs iodine value, whereas negative association exits between oil content vs oleic, oleic vs linolenic and iodine value.

Marked differences were observed in genotypes with respect to different parameters. The maximum test weight ie 9.965 g was recorded with genotype GS – 100, the genotypes GS-382, GS- 428, JLST-1, Kl-137, KL- 168 and kanpur local recorded more than 42% oil. Lignan content ranged from 1.90 to 6.16mg/g and genotypes HYB-14112, IPI-142, JLS-1, Kl-137 and Kl-168 had more than 5mg/g seed lignan. The genotypes viz. EC- 5326, Ayogi, LCK-8605, A-125, Sheetal, PKDl-18 had more than 30% Oleic acid. The linolenic acid ranged from 35.36 to 62.54% and genotypes namely GS-408, GS -428, HYB-14112, JLST-1, and KL-137 were identified to possess more than 57% linolenic acid. The promising lines/ genotypes identified for various traits can be effectively used in various linseed crop improvement programme.

* Bharti Vidya Peeth, Pune

OP 86 Effect of seed treatments on oil and yield of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L)

U. K. Tripathi, S. D. Dubey and P. K. Singh Project coordinating unit (linseed), C. S. A. Univrsity of Ag & Tech, Kanpur

The experiment was conducted with eleven treatments comprised of seed dressing fungicides (vitavax power, propiconazole, mancozeb and Saaf), bio agents (Trichoderma viride) and botanicals ( Neem leaf extract) , for two years (2010-11 and 2011- 12) at Project Coordinating unit of Linseed, CSA University of Ag and Tech, Kanpur . The seed yield and test weight were significantly influenced with seed treatments. The oil content could not influence significantly with different seed treatments. Maximum seed yield (2239 kg/ha) was recorded with Trichoderma viride (4g/kg seed) + spray of Saaf (0.2%) followed by Vitavax power (2g/kg seed) and it was minimum (1635 kg/ha) in control plot. The maximum test weight (8.09g) was noticed with seed treatment of Vitavax power (2g/kg seed) + spray of Saaf (0.2%) and it was minimum (7.196g) in control plot. The maximum oil content (38.79%) was noticed where seed was treated with vitavax power (2g/kg seed) + spray of propiconazole (0.2%) and it was minimum (38.34%) with T. viride + spray of propiconazole (0.2%).

OP 87 Evaluation of Nondestructive Methods for the Assessment of Germplasm Seed Quality for Conservation in Gene Bank

Deepak Kumar1,, R. K. Tripathi2, Anita Goyal1 and K.P. Sharma1

1Department of Biotechnology, I.P. (P.G) College, Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh -203001, 2Quality Control Laboratory, National Seed Corporation Limited, Pusa Complex, New Delhi-110012

Corresponding author- [email protected]

Abstract

Conservation and suitable use of plant genetic resources is fundamental to ecologically sustainable development and food security. Conservation of plant genetic resources, particularly of those species producing orthodox seeds is safe and cheap. The viability and vigour of desiccation tolerant seeds of agrihorticultural plant species can be maintained for a longer period under controlled favourable seed storage environment without substantial losses in seed viability. Testing of seeds viability and vigour has great signification in ex situ conservation of germplasm seed. During analysis of seed vigour and viability, valuable seeds have to use in large amount and this germplasm cannot be used for further study and planting purposes. Hence, a study was carried out in Quality Control Laboratory of National Seeds Corporation, New Delhi to find out methods of seed quality assessment which is non-destructive in which the same seeds could be rescued for subsequent storage or planting. In this study, pulse (cowpea) and legume/oilseed (soybean) were used to analysis. Two varieties of each material were selected viz-JS 9305, JS 335 (soybean) and N 35, CSH 9 (sorghum) respectively. The all parameters related to germination, speed of germination, measurement of root and shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight, seed leachate conductivity, UV absorption of seed leachate and dehydrogenase activity in fresh seeds and aged seeds in alternatively intervals. The result revealed that vigour parameters such as root length shoot length, dry weight, fresh weight, speed of germination, decreased with the increase in the deterioration level. The magnitude of decrease in speed of germination was very high. Dehydrogenase activity which is major of respiration in hydrated seeds, declined with increase in deterioration level. Dehydydrogenase value showed positive significant correlation with stability and vigour. Electrical conductivity and UV leachate increased considerably with increasing in deterioration. These were negatively and significantly correlated with seed viability and vigour. Hence, estimation of seed leachate, electrical conductivity and UV absorbance gave indication of seeds viability and vigour, can be used for seed germplasm conservation in the gene bank.

OP 88 Comparative Studies on the Effect of Some Growth Regulators on Growth , Yield and Quality of Paddy ( Oryza sativa L.)

STUTI SOLANKI* and ARUN KUMAR Department of Crop Physiology , Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology , Kanpur – 208025 , India

Abstract

A trial was conducted in wire net house of the Deptt. of Crop Physiology , C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology , Kanpur during Kharif season of 2011 , in a completely randomized design (CRD) . To find out the effect of some growth regulators with their two different doses viz.triacontanol ( TRIA ) ( 1 and 2 nl/ml ) , indole acetic acid ( IAA ) ( 20 and 40 µg/ml ) , gibberellic acid ( GA ) ( 20 and 40 µg/ml ) and naphthalene acetic acid ( NAA ) ( 10 and 20 nl/ml ) along with control on growth , yield and quality of paddy var. NDR - 359 . The aqueous solutions containedteepol( surfactant ) including control ( water only ) .While all the treatment were significantly superior over control . Out of which , TRIA was most effective But , Lower dose of TRIA was more effective than its higher one , as it improved the growth parameters like total number of leaves / plant , chlorophyll intensity and total dry matter production / plant which ultimately increased yield attributes viz. test weight and harvest index . Quality characters of paddy namelyprotein content and starch content were also improved by TRIA , while IAA only improved protein content .

* Author for correspondence :- E-mail : [email protected]

OP 89 Evaluation of Different Substrates for Mass Multiplication and Potent Solid Substrate Fermentation Technology of Entomopathogenic Fungi Verticillium lecanii and Metarhizium anisopliae

Deepak Kumar1, 2, Tarun Sharma1, Deepti Srivastva2, Md Shamim2, Arun Kumar2, Pramila Pandey2and K N Singh2

1R&D Unit, Shri Ram Solvent Extractions Pvt. Ltd. Jaspur, Uttarakhand-244712, 2Department of PMB&GE, Dr. R.M.L Institute of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, NDUAT Campus, Faizabad –224229.

Corresponding author- [email protected]

Abstract

Organic farming has emerged as an important priority area globally in view of the growing demand for safe and healthy food and long term sustainability and concerns on environmental pollution associated with indiscriminate use of agrochemicals. Deteriorative effects of synthetic chemical inputs are obvious, but at the same time we need to revive soil health and living which support to sustainable production system. Soil environment needs to be made congenial for living of useful microbial population, responsible for continuous availability of nutrients from natural sources. Verticillium lecanii and Metarhizium anisopliae are two most widely used entomopathogenic bio-control agents. For mass multiplication of bioagents through solid state fermentation technology an enormous quality of spore biomass is needed. Hence, a study was undertaken in R&D Unit of Shri Ram Solvent Extraction Pvt. Ltd., Jaspur, Uttarakhand to achieve major issue in mass production and utilization of bio-control agents by selection of effective strains for mass multiplication and its formulation. Different substrates viz-wheat bran, sorghum grains, pearl millet grains and broken rice were evaluated as substrate for mass production of Verticillium lecanii and Metarhizium anisopliae with or without additives such as jaggery having different moisture levels. Sterilized polyethylene pouches of different substrates were inoculated with entomopathogenic fungi and kept them in 280C in incubation chamber. Alternate shaking was done in all pouches until completely sporulating stage was not achieved. After 21 days, all substrate pouches with fungal biomass were harvested and dried in aseptic condition. The highest biomass recovery was recorded in wheat bran with jiggery additive with 35 % moisture level in both fungal inoculants viz- 55% in Verticillium lecanii and 60% in Metarhizium anisopliae. The colony forming unit (CFU) count was recorded 26 X 1010 in Verticillium lecanii and 35 X 1010 in Metarhizium anisopliae respectively. Among all substrates, wheat bran with jaggery additives showed good results in all parameters comparatively rest other substrates.

OP 90 EFFECT OF NUTRIENTS AND FYM ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND OIL: QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF INDIAN MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) IN A CALCARIOUS SOIL. Sanjay Kumar Singh, Anil Pandey1, R. S. Singh2 and R. K. Pandey3

Abstract To know the effect of varying treatments and dose combinations of N, P, K along with recommended dose of S, Zn, B and FYM on soil properties and oil quality along with fatty acid content in mustard oil, an experiment was carried out in a calcareous soil during Rabi- 2012-13 at Experimental Farm, TCA, Dholi in Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. The highest seed and oil content coupled with highest oil yield and SFA/MUFA ratio (1:35.17) was noticed for T5 (100%, NPK + S @40kg/ha) followed by RDF i.e. T3 (1:32.28). The same treatments vis. 100%, NPK + S @40kg/ha and 100% NPK also exhibited superior

SFA/PUFA ratio (1:14.07 and 1:13.13), respectively followed by 100%, NPK + Zn @ 25ZnSO 4 kg/ha (1:10.38) whereas, highest n6/n3 ratio (1.75) was found in T3 (100%, NPK). The application of boron with RDF (100%, NPK) also exhibited increased oil yield due to its significance effect on grain yield without affecting oil content.

T4 (150% NPK) followed by T8 (100% NPK & FYM @ 2.5tonnes/ha) maximized the content of saturated fatty acids (2.82 and 2.74%), respectively also due to almost similar nutrients level either due to additional chemical fertilizers or FYM. The soil samples collected at after harvest of mustard crop showed the slight high pH, EC, and increase in organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, zinc, boron etc. applied alone or in combinations. ______ Corresponding author. Email- [email protected] Department of Soil Science, TCA, Dholi, Muzaffarpur- 843 121 (Bihar) 1. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, TCA, Dholi, Muzaffarpur- 843 121 (Bihar) 2. Department of Agronomy, TCA, Dholi, Muzaffarpur- 843 121 (Bihar) 3. Department of soil Science, RAU, Bihar, Pusa-848 125

OP 91 Lentil lectin: Potential bioagent against Mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) Deeksha and M K Sangha* Dept of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004

Insect pests are one of the major bottlenecks in the productivity of oilseed Brassicas in India.

Among the existing taxonomic variants, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Homoptera: Aphididae), commonly known as mustard aphid, is one of the most damaging of biotic stresses that confront this crop. During outbreak years, the mustard aphid can cause up to 70% productivity losses. It has not been possible to transfer resistance against insect pests from wild species (only known source of resistance) by conventional breeding protocols. Aphids are currently being managed by insecticidal sprays, which have deleterious effects on environment and non target organisms. One of the efficient strategies against insect pests is based on lectins, mainly from the mannose and mannose/glucose class. In the present study lectins were purified from lentil seeds and their efficacy was checked against mustard aphid. Single isoform was purified (8.7 fold) using ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography with the specific activity of 533.3 HU/ mg protein. The purified lectin had Tm of 50ºC and optimum pH for haemagglutination activity between pH 7.0-7.5. The lectin had absolute requirement for Mg2+ for agglutination activity and exhibited specificity for Mannose/ Glucose sugars. In bioefficacy the survivability of aphids decreased linearly with increasing concentrations of purified

lectin with percentage mortality ranging from 34.4 to 81.3. The LC50 value was calculated by Probit analysis and was 19.1 µg/ ml. The significance of lentil lectin against aphid is that it’s an edible protein and thus will pose no threat to human health via transgenics.  Corresponding and presenting author

OP 92 EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS, FARMYARD MANURE AND GREEN MANURE ON SOIL QUALITY AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF RICE IN HIGH AVAILABLE P VERTISOLS V Siva Jyothi, V Sujatha, T Giridhara Krishna and P Kavitha ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted in paddy in a high soil available P vertisols under K.C. Canal ayacut at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal to study the influence of levels of phosphorus either alone or in conjunction with FYM and green manure on soil properties, yield and yield attributes of rice during kharif 2011. The results shows that soils of K.C Canal ayacut regions containing high levels of phosphorus. Application of 50% recommended dose of phosphorus along with farm yard manure recorded highest available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at all stages of crop growth. The influence of phosphorus alone or in conjunction with green manure or farmyard manure on pH and EC shows non-significant results. Application of

-1 50% Recommended Dose of Phosphorus (40 kg P2O5 ha ) in combination with green manure recorded the maximum grain and straw yield and application of 50% recommended dose of phosphorus recorded highest number of grains per panicle and filled grains per panicle. The results shows that in high available P vertisols

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 101 reduction of half of the recommended dose of fertilizers along with green manure or farmyard manure may increase the available nutrients in the soil, yield attributes and yield of rice.

OP 93 Effect of different organic sources of nitrogen on yield and quality of kharif rice (Oryza sativa L.) V Sujatha*, V Siva Jyothi, K Mosha and P Prasuna Rani Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College Bapatla-522101 *Ph.D Scholar, Agricultural College Bapatla-522101 Abstract A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, during kharif, 2012 to study the effect of different sources of organic nutrients (poultry manure, FYM, neemcake and vermicompost) and recommended dose of NPK on grain yield and quality of rice. Use of higher doses of high analysis fertilizers and insufficient use of organics has created deficiencies of secondary and micronutrients. Long term addition of organic materials to soil results in increased organic matter, crop productivity and soil biological activity, also quality of the produce. Quality parameters like hulling percentage, milling percentage, protein and amylose contents also increased due to use of organic manures. Incorporation of organic manures has given a hope to minimize adverse effects of chemical fertilizers. Keeping all these things in view, the present investigation was undertaken. The experimental results indicated that the different sources of organic nutrients significantly influenced the grain yield. However the quality parameters viz., protein, amylose contents, milling per cent, hulling per cent, head rice recovery, L/B ratio, volume expansion ratio, kernel elongation ratio, water uptake and solid loss were not influenced by the different organic sources of nitrogen. However, most of the milling, physical, chemical and cooking characters are genotype dependent and hence, would be altered only to a marginal extent by nutritional management practices. OP 94 Studies on preparation and storage stability of Banda(Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) chips Aparna Dube**, Pratibha Singh* and Lava Kush Kumar*** * Associate Professor & ** Research scholar, Department of Biochemistry, *** M.Sc. student, Department of Food Technology N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad. Coresponding author: Aparna Dube**, Research scholar, Department of Biochemistry, N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad. Email [email protected] The present study on preparation and storage stability of Banda (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta (L.) Schott) chips was conducted in the Department of Food Science and Technology N.D.U.A&T, Kumarganj.

Results revealed significant differences among all the quantitative physical characters of tubers of six varieties. Slight variations in moisture and dry matter contents of fresh corms were insignificant. Proximate composition and starch content of dried corm powder did not vary significantly while contents of sugars and oxalic acid differed significantly. The corms of variety NDB-2 containing lowest level of oxalic acid and having highest corm weight and diameter was used to prepare chips. Blanching of chips in boiling water containing NaCl diminished the stickiness and use of 1% salt produced acrid free chips with maximum organoleptic score(8.64). The finished products were sealed in polythene bags at ambient conditions which resulted into slight increase in moisture content and free fatty acid. It was also seen that fried chips were maintained acceptable upto 45 days of storage.

OP 95 Improvement of Nutritional values and Health benefits of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Genotypes

G.ESWARA REDDY, R.NANDAN AND L.B.GAUR Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 *corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT

Tomato [Solanum lycopersicum L. (2n=2x=24)] is the world’s largest vegetable crop and known as protective food both because of its special nutritive value as also for its wide-spread production. Crop improvement strategies are also extended to fruit compositional quality for human health and genetic determinants of nutritional quality have long been studied. However, it is only recently that these studies have largely focused on single e.g. carotenoid content in tomato (Liu et al., 2003). Tomato fruit is an important source of lipid-soluble antioxidants too in the human diet because of their relatively high content of carotenoids. Lycopene presence in plasma has been related to a reduction in the risk of prostate cancer (Giovannucci et al., 1995). Some biometrical techniques help in the selection of suitable parents for hybridization and also in the choice of breeding procedures for the genetic improvement of various quantitative characters. Line X Tester technique developed by Kempthorne in 1957 helps in the selection of suitable parents for hybridization as well as in the choice of breeding procedures by measuring the gca and sca variances, effects and the genetic components of variances ( A and D) . Among the several Biometrical designs adopted for the studies of genetic architecture in tomato usually

Generation mean analysis involves six different generations, viz., P1, P2, F1, F2 , B1 and B2 for estimation of genetic components of Variation and also this technique provides information about the presence or absence of epistasis

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 103 besides estimation of additive and dominance variances and effects. The knowledge of the kind of gene effects helps in deciding the breeding procedure to be followed there were no published efforts made to exploit such quality traits. Key words: Tomato, Lycopene, Carotene, Line X Tester and Generation Mean Analysis

OP 96 POST HARVEST DETERIORATION OF BIOCHEMICAL AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES IN SUGARCANE CLONES DUE TO STALING OF CANES (Midlate Clones) Y. Sharath Kumar Reddy, K. V. Naga Madhuri, V. Raja Rajeswari , P. Sudhakar, N.V.Naidu and G.Eswara Reddy. S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University. Agricultural Research Station, Perumallapalle, Chittoor. ABSTRACT The deterioration of sugarcane after harvest is specially important in Andhra Pradesh where the price of cane is paid on weight basis. Unlike other agricultural commodities, the harvested sugarcane on storage undergoes deterioration till it is milled. During staling of sugarcane the deterioration due to certain changes, both physical and chemical in nature, starts immediately in the cane stalk along with the stoppage of vegetative growth. The most important physical change in harvested cane is the loss in cane weight due to evaporation of water and chemical change is loss in sucrose through inversion. The study was under taken to assess the extent of loss in quality of juice and quantity of cane due to staling of cane at Agricultural Research station, Perumallapalle, A.P, India during 2010-2012. Quality and yield attributes like TSS, sucrose, reducing sugars and single cane weight were assayed by staling cane up to 0hr – 120hr. The sucrose content rapidly deteriorated after 48hr of staling, while the reducing sugars shown an increasing trend with increase of staling period. However, among all the clones 2006T34, Co- 86032 and 2006T10 were found capable in retaining quality and yield characters upto longer durations after harvest. Based on results of present study it can be justified that the clones 2006T34 and 2006T10 found to be tolerant to cut to crush delay along with Co-86032. Theme: Nutritional quality improvement in crops and nutraceuticals for value addition OP 97 Jhol - A traditional alcoholic rice beverage of Himachal Pradesh Anupama Sandal and Senthilkumar R Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology,CSKHPKV, Palampur (HP)- 176062 [email protected]

Himachal Pradesh is a state having number of communities, races and cultures which are intermingled together. The people of Himachal Pradesh have developed processing technologies for preparing the foods and beverages from locally available substrates largely governed by the ethnic preference, agro climatic conditions and socio cultural ethos and religion. A number of traditional foods and beverages are prepared and consumed by people in Himachal Pradesh since centuries, and these form a part of socio cultural life of the hill people, rice beer is one of them. Most of the communities/ tribes have been preparing rice beer since time immemorial. The consumption of local rice beer is a common practice among different village communities. It is consumed during rough weather to cope with adverse climatic condition prevailing in the area. Here, the malting process is rarely used in the traditional fermentation process, instead dry mixed starters are used in the fermentation of alcoholic beverages. Rice beer (Jhol) of Himachal Pradesh is an inexpensive, high calorie; mild-alcoholic beverage prepared from steamed rice and is consumed as a staple food beverage. The Jhol samples from different locations were collected and its chemical composition was analyzed. In general the alcoholic beverage is prepared by cooking rice and then inoculating it with the traditional inoculum called Phab. Then the inoculated rice is saccharified for 3-5 days and further fermented at room temperature for 2-3 days. The moisture content, crude protein, pH, titrable acidity, total soluble solids and ethanol content of collected Jhol samples were analysed. The crude fat and total ash content along with calcium, phosphorus and potassium content were evaluated on dry matter basis. The reducing, non-reducing and total sugars present in the Jhol samples were evaluated in the samples. OP 98 Selection Parameters for Quality Traits in Table pea (Pisum sativum L.) Manoj Katiyar, H.C. Singh, Sunil Katiyar, R. K. Singh, M.C. Verma and R.K. Singh C.S. Azad Univ. of Ag. & Tech., Kanpur U.P. (India)-208002 ABSTRACT Ten genetically diverse parents of table pea namely; AP1, KS150, KS175, KS156, PMR19, PMR20, AP4, TDC1, AP3 and E6 were crossed in all possible combinations excluding reciprocals and evaluated for various quality traits like shelling%, total crude protein, total dry matter content, ash content and green pod yield per plant as per standard procedures and AOAC (1970) during 2009-10. The data so obtained were analyzed for various biometrical and selection parameters.

The results showed that all the characters varied significantly in respect to their performance. The heritability estimates in narrow sense was high for all the characters except ash content. An advancement of 27 g in pod yield followed by shelling %(19.52) was observed from single cycle of selection at p=2.06 while it was low for ash content (0.96%),protein content (3.11 %) and dry matter content (3.35 %). High heritability coupled with Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 105 high genetic advance reflected that these characters are controlled by additive gene effects while shelling per cent and ash content were controlled by non additive genes. The probable genetic gain was high for pod yield per plant, ash content and shelling percent but moderate to low for protein content and dry matter content.

Simple selection procedures like pedigree selection and progeny selection would be best methods for improving these quality characters. Table- 1: Selection parameters for quality characters in table pea

Sr. No. Characters Populati Heritabili G. A. Gnetic gain on mean ty % 1. Shelling 47.18 27.91 9.21 19.52 (%) 2. Crude 19.00 34.75 3.11 16.37 protein content (%) 3. Dry 26.93 49.05 3.35 13.55 matter content (%) 4. Ash 3.79 9.63 0.96 25.33 content (%) 5. Green Pod 86.87 57.01 23.48 27.03 Yield / plant (g)

OP 99 HETEROSIS FOR QUALITY CHARACTERS IN TABLE PEA (Pisum sativum L.)

M. C. VERMA , H.C. SINGH, SUNIL KATIYAR, MANOJ KARIYAR, AND R. K. SINGH,

C.S. Azad University of Ag. & Tech. Kanpur ( India)

ABSRACT Ten genetically diverse parents of table pea namely; AP1, KS150, KS175, KS156, PMR19, PMR20, AP4, TDC1, AP3 and E6 were crossed in all possible combinations excluding reciprocals and evaluated for various quality traits like shelling%, total crude protein, total dry matter content, ash content and green pod yield per plant. The heterosis in F1 was calculated over superior and mid parent basis as per standard procedures at Vegetable Research Farm Kalyanpur, Kanpur. The results are presented in table-2 which revealed that for shelling percentage the range of heterosis over superior parent varied from -20.50% (AP-1 X AP-4) to 35.00% (KS-175 X TDC-1). The cross combination KS-175 X TDC-1 observed maximum significant desirable heterosis followed by PMR-20 X TDC-1 (30.00%), KS-150 X TDC-1 (30.00%), TDC-1 X AP-3 (28.85%) and KS-175 X PMR-20 (25.81%). The heterosis over mid parent varied from -19.57% (TDC-1 X AP-3) to 30.00% (KS-150 X TDC-1). The cross combination KS-150 X TDC-1 revealed maximum significant desirable heterosis followed by PMR-20 X TDC-1, KS-175 X TDC-1 (26.56%), KS-150 X PMR-19 (25.30%) and KS-175 X PMR-20 (20.00%). In case of total crude protein the range of heterosis over superior parent varied from -11.93% (KS-175 X KS- 156) to 15.71% (PMR-20 X AP-4). The cross combination PMR-20 X AP-4 revealed maximum significant desirable heterosis in over superior parent followed by PMR-19 X AP-3 (13.88%), AP-1 X PMR-19 (13.06%), AP-1 X KS-150 (12.04%) and AP-3 X E6 (11.00%). The heterosis over mid parent ranged from -9.32% (AP-4 X TDC-1) to 23.51% (PMR-19 X AP-3). The cross combination PMR-19 X AP-3 observed maximum significant desirable heterosis followed by KS-150 X KS-156 (13.45%), KS-150 X AP-3 (13.18%), AP-4 X AP-3 (12.79%) and KS-150 x PMR-19 (12.58%). In case of Dry matter content the heterosis over superior parent ranged from -11.68% (KS-156 X PMR-19) to 18.97% (KS-175 X KS-156). The cross combination KS-175 X KS-156 revealed maximum significant heterosis over superior parent followed by AP-1 X KS-156 (17.31%), AP-1 X KS-150 (11.39%), KS150 X KS-156 (9.21%) and AP-1 X AP-4 (9.18%). The heterosis over mid parent varied from -2.71% (AP-1 X KS-175) to 17.56% (KS-156 X AP-3). The cross combination KS-156 X AP-3 revealed maximum significant heterosis over mid parent followed by KS-175 X TDC-1. (12.37%), KS-156 X TDC-1 (10.04%), AP-4 X TDC-1 (7.93%) and AP-1 X TDC-1 (7.63%). For Ash content the range of heterosis over superior parent varied from -11.08% (PMR-20 X E6) to 43.29% (PMR-19 X PMR-20). The cross combination PMR-19 X PMR-20 observed maximum significant desirable heterosis over superior parent followed by PMR-20 X TDC-1 (40.27%), PMR-19 X AP-4 (31.43%), PMR-19 X AP-3 (20.79%) and KS-175 X PMR-19 (16.03%). The heterosis over mid parent varied from -15.35% (PMR-19 X E6) to 27.38% (PMR-19 X TDC-1). The cross combination PMR -19 X TDC-1 observed maximum

significant desirable heterosis followed by KS-175 X PMR-19 (27.30%), PMR-19 X PMR-20 (26.34%), AP-1 x PMR-19 (24.87%) and KS-150 X PMR-19 (24.55%). In case of green pod yield per plant the heterosis over superior parent ranged from -16.93% (TDC-1 X AP-3) to 61.23% (AP-1 X E6). The cross combination AP-1 X E6 observed maximum significant heterosis over superior parent followed by KS-150 X E6 (55.66%), KS-175 X PMR-19 (50.08%), AP-4 X TDC-1 (37.66%) and KS-150 X PMR-19 (36.71%). Heterosis over mid parent varied from -3.23% (TDC-1 X AP-3) to 40.99% (KS-150 X E6). The cross combination KS-150 X E6 exhibited maximum significant desirable heterosis over mid parent followed by KS-150 X PMR-19 (34.31%), KS-175 X PMR-19 (32.97%), KS-150 X TDC-1 (29.24%) and PMR-20 X AP-3(23.55%). Table 1: Analysis of variance for quality characters in 10 parents Diallel in table Pea

Source of d.f. Shelling Total Dry matter Ash Green pod variation crude content content yield protein 1 2 12 13 14 15 15 Replication 2 31.05** 0.12 0.78 0.02 1.93 Treatment 54 79.08** 7.08** 11.85** 0.66** 394.36** Parents 9 84.43** 7.03** 16.59** 0.20** 595.65**

F1s 44 78.04** 6.99** 10.81** 0.74** 299.87**

P vs F1 1 76.93** 11.41** 14.75** 1.51** 2739.59** Error 108 5.53 0.06 0.68 0.10 1.14

** Significant at 5% level TABLE 2: ESTIMATES OF HETEROSIS FOR QUALITY TRAITS IN TABLE PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)

Cross Shelling Total crude Dry matter Ash content Green Pod yield combin percentage protein content SP MP SP MP SP MP SP MP SP MP ation AP-1 x 6.67** -3.03 12.04* -0.99 11.39 7.41** -0.38 0.28 28.70* 15.45* KS- * * * 150 AP-1 x -10.29** - 6.35** 0.23 2.08* 2.71 11.08* 10.3 4.81** 4.14** KS- 12.86* * * 4** 175 * AP-1 -12.18** -8.67** 7.75** 5.68** 17.31 5.35* 1.28* -0.68 3.25** 6.13**

Cross Shelling Total crude Dry matter Ash content Green Pod yield combin percentage protein content SP MP SP MP SP MP SP MP SP MP ation x KS- * 156 AP-1 x 22.48** 15.75* 13.06 6.22** 1.86 2.51 15.06* 24.8 31.63* 15.79* PMR- * * 7** * * 19 AP-1 x -1.61** -8.96** -1.10 -0.60 4.43 0.47 5.28 1.77 11.66* 2.08* PMR- * 20 AP-1 x -20.50** - 5.33** -0.23 9.18* 0.28 7.43** 10.0 2.34** 9.15** AP-4 16.67* * 2** * AP-1 x 6.67** -3.03 0.43 0.60 3.51 7.63** 10.60 9.86 24.41* 15.16* TDC-1 ** * * AP-1 x 3.85 8.00* 5.47** 8.03** -1.38 - 0.95 5.83 3.35** 12.83* AP-3 0.80** * AP-1 x 0.01** -6.67 1.90 1.38* -3.60 -1.76 -2.16** - 28.90* 3.72** E-6 1.56 * ** KS- 11.03** 17.97* -5.61** 0.09 1.44 0.30 3.99** 2.05 12.17* 23.01* 150 x * ** * * KS- 175 KS- 1.28 14.49* 3.38** 13.45* 9.21* 1.95 -3.56 -6.06 -0.15 12.88* 150 x * * * KS- 156 KS- 20.93** 25.30* 6.58** 12.58* - -0.86 15.46* 24.5 36.71* 34.31* 150 x * * 4.87* * 5** * * PMR- * 19 KS 9.68* 11.48* -9.75** 1.20 4.39 4.16 4.07** -0.10 16.97* 19.00* -150 x * * * PMR- Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 109

Cross Shelling Total crude Dry matter Ash content Green Pod yield combin percentage protein content SP MP SP MP SP MP SP MP SP MP ation 20 KS- 2.48 17.44* -0.01 6.39** - -0.02 5.34** 7.19 1.75** 18.87* 150 x * 4.79* ** * AP-4 KS- 30.00** 30.00* -4.78** 6.45** -3.31 3.99* 11.75* 10.2 25.61* 29.24* 150 x * * 7** * * TDC-1 KS- 3.85 17.39* -0.73 13.18* 2.48 6.75** -1.04 3.10 -2.92** 15.80* 150 x * * ** * AP-3 KS- 7.14 9.76* - - -2.84 2.48 -2.72* - 55.66* 40.99* 150 x 10.48* 0.52** 2.77 * * E-6 * ** KS – -11.54** -5.48 - -8.55* 18.97 12.39 14.23* 13.3 3.51** 7.06** 115 x 11.93* ** * 9** KS- * 156 KS- 4.65 1.89 0.77 0.48 -3.82 1.30 16.03* 27.3 50.08* 32.97* 175 x * 0** * * PMR- 19 KS- 25.81** 20.00* -4.24** 1.76 -0.56 0.34 1.52* -0.65 21.52* 11.87* 175 x * * * PMR- 20 KS- -15.53** -8.42** -6.67** - 1.37* -2.15 7.43** 11.3 0.21 7.51** 175 x 6.22** * 1** AP -4 KS- 38.00** 26.56* -4.27** 1.40 3.42 12.37* -0.39 0.15 29.78* 20.96* 175 x * * * * TDC-1 KS- -2.56 4.11 0.33 8.52** - 0.63 -2.50* 3.39 -9.10** -0.18

Cross Shelling Total crude Dry matter Ash content Green Pod yield combin percentage protein content SP MP SP MP SP MP SP MP SP MP ation 175 x 4.42* ** AP-3 C KS– 175 x E-6 - -6.87 -5.63** -0.68 -3.61 2.74 8.83** 10.80* 32.60* 7.52** 3.17** * * KS- 156 x 24.03 12.28* 0.39** - - -2.11 12.34* 24.07* 31.94* 12.44* MPR-19 * 3.76** 11.68 * * * ** KS-156 x PMR- 28.23 13.57* -6.19** - - -1.74 4.57 3.11** 30.14* 15.38* 20 * 3.91** 7.68* * * * KS-156 x AP-4 -3.11 -1.58 -1.05** - 0.44 2.52 -6.70** -2.65* 8.59** 12.79* 4.37** * KS-156 x TDC- 6.67** -7.25* -6.32** - - 10.04* -3.95** -2.73* 21.82 9.38** 1 4.36** 3.58* * KS-156 x AP-3 0.01 0.01 -0.82 3.49** 6.12* 17.56* -3.19* 3.36** 9.69 16.71* * * * KS-156 x E-6 0.01** - 5.45** 6.94** - 0.75 11.36* 14.20* 51.81* 18.10* 10.64* 10.11 * * * * * ** PMR-19 x 20.16* 17.79* 0.85 7.46** 5.36 0.69 43.29* 26.34* 1.28 4.82** PMR-20 * * * * PMR-19 x AP-4 -0.62 10.34* 5.52** 6.33** 9.12* -0.46 31.43* 23.38* 3.28** 22.43* * * * * * MPR-19 x 7.50 3.61 3.25** 9.66** -0.72 2.60 40.27* 27.38* -1.81 2.75** TDC-1 * * PMR-19 x AP-3 -3.21 5.96 13.88* 23.51* 6.11* 6.06** 20.79* 16.33* -9.39 8.96** * * * * * PMR-19 x E-6 3.17 1.96 -4.07** 1.23** -1.12 0.13 -8.08** - 21.40* 12.08* 15.35* * * * PMR-20x AP-4 -5.59 6.67* 15.71* 9.02** 4.23* -0.33 -7.97** -2.68* -4.03** 10.50*

* * PMR-20 x 30.00* 27.82* 1.62 1.28 -3.75 3.72* 11.37* 14.34* 10.65* 11.92* TDC-1 * * * * * * PMR-20 x AP-3 -0.64 10.71* 5.80** 7.82** 2.89 7.40** -4.57** 3.22** 5.05** 23.55* * * PMR-20 x E-6 4.76 5.60 2.77* 1.71 -2.37 3.18 - -7.56** 33.91* 18.99* 11.08* * * * AP-4 x TDC-1 6.67** - 3.67** - - 7.93** 8.48 5.14** 37.66* 18.36* 8.90** 9.32** 3.71* * * AP-4 x AP-3 0.01 -1.58 4.73** 12.79* - 4.38* 0.09 2.52** 4.22** 6.86** * 4.01* AP-4 x E-6 6.35** -6.62* -2.94** 1.68** -3.21 6.50** -1.78** -3.55** 32.54* - * 1.71** TDC-1 x AP-3 28.85* - -0.41 1.84* 3.24 -0.26 2.16* 7.78** - - * 19.57* 16.93* 3.23** * * TDC-1 x E-6 - -8.13* 1.82 1.12 3.44 1.29 -7.70** -6.51** 39.36* 22.26* 10.32* * * * AP-3 x E-6 11.90* 0.01 11.00* 7.73** -3.09 -1.81 10.89* 6.21** 61.23* 15.77* * * * * SE 1.73 1.57 0.22 0.18 0.54 0.53 0.05 0.04 0.76 0.71

* Significant at 5% level, ** Significant at 1% level

OP 100 EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FARMING CONDITIONS ON NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF SOYBEAN BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS Prabhdeep Kaur, Sucheta Sharma, Shweta Barwal, Parminder Kumar Department of Biochemistry PAU, Ludhiana

Guriqbal Singh Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics

PAU, Ludhiana Corresponding author: e-mail id: [email protected]

Abstract The prolonged and overuse of chemicals than the crop requirement has resulted in human health hazards and imbalance in natural resources. Adoption of organic farming has become important particularly in terms of health benefits and as an endeavor to overcome the ill effects from chemical farming. A field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 2011-13 to study the effect of farmyard manure (FYM), recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF) and their combination on the nutritional quality of soybean, chickpea and wheat. Total soluble protein content in soybean seeds in year 2011 and 2012 and wheat grains showed maximum value with combined treatment of FYM+RDF, whereas in chickpea seeds, maximum total soluble proteins were observed in treatment with FYM alone. Maximum free amino acid content in wheat and chickpea was observed in treatment with FYM alone. Fatty acid composition and storage protein quality in soybean and chickpea did not differ significantly among the various treatments. Significant increase in tryptophan (soybean) and in methionine (wheat) was observed in combined treatment of FYM+RDF as compared to FYM/RDF alone in soybean and FYM in wheat. Treatment with FYM resulted in highest total soluble sugars in soybean and chickpea. Whereas, significantly higher sucrose content was observed in soybean in year 2012 in combined treatment as compared to other treatments. It can be concluded that crops grown under organic and inorganic mixture may have better quality than inorganically and organically grown produce due to presence of higher amounts of nutritional compounds. Keywords: Chickpea, farmyard manure, nutritional quality, soybean, wheat

OP 101 EFFECT OF POST HARVEST TREATMENTS WITH CALCIUM CHLORIDE ON THE SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF TOMATOES Jyoti Kalra Department of Biochemistry PAU, Ludhiana

Surekha Bhatia, Ashok Kumar Department of Processing and Food Engineering PAU, Ludhiana

Corresponding author: e-mail id: [email protected]

Abstract

Effect of post harvest treatments with calcium chloride on quality characteristics and activities of cell wall hydrolyzing enzymes of tomatoes were investigated for extending their shelf life. Tomatoes of variety

Punjab Ratta harvested at pink stage were treated with CaCl2 at 1, 1.5 and 2%, placed in open trays or LDPE bags and were stored under ambient condition for 18 days. Physiological and biochemical changes and activities of cell wall hydrolyzing enzymes were recorded after every three days during storage. In both treated and untreated tomatoes, a gradual decline in firmness and titrable acidity with simultaneous enhancement in weight loss, total soluble solids, pH, lycopene, carotenoid content and total antioxidant activity was found with increase in storage period under all the storage conditions whereas total sugars, ascorbic acid and flavonoids first increased and declined thereafter. An enhancement in the activities of cell wall hydrolyzing enzymes i.e. polygalacturonase, cellulase, β-galactosidase and pectin methylesterase was found with increase in storage period. Changes in quality characteristics and increase in the cell wall hydrolyzing enzymes during storage were high in tomatoes stored in open trays as compared tomatoes packed in polythene bags. Treatment of tomatoes with CaCl2 significantly declined the rate of increase in the activities of cell wall hydrolyzing enzymes and also slowed down the changes in physiological and biochemical characteristics, thereby, maintaining their quality as compared to untreated tomatoes under all the storage conditions. Effectiveness of different treatments in maintaining the quality parameters was in order of 2% CaCl2 > 1.5% CaCl2 > 1% CaCl2. Packed tomatoes treated with 2% CaCl2 maintained the quality parameters to greater extent by slowing down the activities of cell wall hydrolyzing enzymes and can be used to enhance the shelf life of tomatoes. Keywords: Calcium chloride, post harvest, quality parameters, shelf life, tomatoes. OP 102 Effect of storage temperatures and minimal processing on the antioxidant and sensory properties of four mango cultivars Sonu Sharma and T. V. Ramana Rao* Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat – 388 120, INDIA *[email protected]

Abstract

Consumption of fresh produce has increased over recent years, due to a tendency of adopting healthier food habits, and also due to the availability of minimally processed or ready-to-eat products. However, the physiology of fresh-cut products is different from the whole commodity and highly susceptible to degradation in their nutritional properties as compared to its intact counterparts. In this context, it is necessary to understand the consequences of mechanical processing on the antioxidant and sensory properties of fresh-cut produce under storage at different conditions. Therefore, the present investigation was aimed to follow the changes in the health beneficial compounds encompassing the total phenolic content (TPC), carotenoids, lycopene, total flavonoids, anthocyanin, vitamin C, DPPH radical scavenging activity and sensory analysis (taste, appearance, aroma, softness) of fresh-cut mango cultivars ‘Kesar’, ‘Ladvo’, ‘Rajapuri’, and ‘Totapuri’ during their storage at two different temperatures (5°C±1°C and 10°C±1°C). The significant interaction of slicing and storage temperatures was reported on the antioxidant properties of fresh-cut mango cultivars. The concentration of total phenolics in the slices of all the presently evaluated four cultivars was significantly higher during storage at 5°C as compared to those maintained at 10°C. The carotenoids and lycopene profiles in ‘Rajapuri’ and ‘Totapuri’ were higher than that in ‘Kesar’ and ‘Ladvo’. Accumulation pattern of carotenoid was relatively faster at 10°C of storage period of 8 days than that at 5°C. Moreover, total flavonoids and anthocyanin content fluctuated during storage time, which varies with selected mango varieties. Ascorbic acid content in fresh-cut mango kept at 10°C was significantly higher in comparison to those kept at 5°C. Free radical scavenging activity in fresh- cut mango showed decreasing pattern at 5°C, while in 10°C stored slices it increases during their storage period. The antioxidant compounds were comparatively higher in ‘Rajapuri; and ‘Totapuri’ which as consequences of minimal processing increased during subsequent storage than other two cultivars. Sensory analyses revealed that storage temperatures have direct influence on the overall acceptability of fresh-cut mangoes at the end of their storage. The mango slices kept at 10°C showed faster deterioration due to changes in their visual perception, though taste, aroma and firmness were not affected much. Moreover, mango slices of ‘Rajapuri’, ‘Kesar’, and ‘Ladvo’ at 5°C showed the symptoms of chilling injury at the end of their storage period. Therefore, this study indicates a significant variation occurs in the storability of fresh-cut mango cultivars depending upon storage temperatures and their physiological stage at the time harvest.

OP 103 Effect of water stress on antioxidative enzymes and osmolyteconcentration in two high yielding cultivars ofgroundnut (Arachishypogaea L.) with contrasting drought tolerance.

K.V. MADHUSUDHAN*1, C. SUDHAKAR 2

1Government Degree College for Men, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Botany, S.K.University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 115

*Corresponding author: Mob: (+91) 8143080326

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Theme:Biochemical and molecular basic of abiotic and biotic stress tolerance

ABSTRACT Variation of antioxidative potentials in terms of the activities of antioxidative enzymes which include superoxide dismutase (SOD: EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POX: 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT: 1.11.1.6), glutathione reductase (GR: EC 1.6.4.2) along with lipid peroxidation and cell membrane stabilityand the accumulation of osmolytes such as proline, glycine betaine, soluble sugars were studied in leaves of two groundnut (Arachishypogaea L.) cultivars namely K-134 (drought-tolerant)and JL-24,(drought-susceptible)at different water stress regimes for a duration of twelve days. Water stress resulted a significant increase in antioxidative enzymes and the levelsof osmolytesin the leaves of both cultivars and the degree of elevation was found to be dependent on severity of stress.Nevertheless, the magnitude of increase was more pronounced in tolerant cultivar K-134 than in susceptible cultivar JL-24. A close correlation exits between the rate of lipid peroxidation in terms of malonaldehyde (MDA) content and the activities of antioxidative enzymes per gram fresh weight with drought tolerance of the two cultivars. The level of lipid peroxidation was high in cultivar JL-24 than in cultivar K-134.Further, the drought tolerant nature of cultivar K-134, was well supported by cell membrane stability, having comparatively lower amounts of electrolyte leakage. The drought tolerance of cultivar K-134 seems to be associated, at least in part, with itsability to maintain efficient well-coordinated antioxidant defense which could provide better protection against oxidative stress under water stress conditions. Key words :Water stress, Antioxidant defense, Groundnut, Osmolytes

OP 104 EVALUATION OF RAGI GENOTYPES FOR THERMOTOLERANCE WITH HIGH WUE TRAITS

D.Venkatesh Babu, P.Sudhakar, Y.Sharath Kumar Reddy, V.RajaRajeswari and M.SubbaRao

S.V Agricultural College and Institute of Frontier Technology, Tirupati.

ABSTRACT

A study was conducted in ragi to evaluate the relative performance of genotypes for high temperature tolerance using TIR technique and drought tolerance using reliable, morphological, physiological, Water Use Efficiency traits, thermotolerant traits and yield traits. A lab study was conducted at Institute of Frontier

Technology, RARS Tirupati for screening of ragi germplasm comprising of 100 genotypes using the standardized Thermo Induced Response (TIR) protocol, 10 genotypes (GP-3, GP-24, GP-25, GP-27, GP-23, GP- 104, GP-111, GP-149, GP-153, GP-160) which showed highest thermo tolerance in terms of higher seedling survival and no reduction in root and shoot growth. Later a field experiment was conducted during late Rabi, 2012-13 at wet land farm, college of Agriculture, Tirupati with the preselected ten ragi genotypes (having high thermotolerance) for drought tolerance in terms of high water use efficiency capabilities and yield traits under imposed moisture stress conditions from 35-60 DAT i.e., from panicle initiation to grain filling stage. Under moisture stress conditions ,growth and physiological traits viz. plant height, crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD) and WUE traits (SLA, SCMR, CID, RWC) ,thermotolerance tolerance traits (CSI) and yield components viz., number of tillers plant-1, number of fingers plant-1, 1000 grain weight, straw yield as well as grain yields were significantly reduced due to moisture stress compared to control. The genotypes GP-153, GP-111 are found superior in terms of thermotolerance, physiological efficiency, drought tolerance, yield and yield components. Hence they are suitable for irrigated as well as rainfed conditions. Genotypes GP-153, GP-111 and GP-25 possess intrinsic thermotolerance which can be explored as donar source in breeding programmes aimed for global warming.

OP 105 Water quality status threat to Paddy production in Musi command area, Nalgonda district A.P.

Pavan Kumar Reddy Yerasi1, M. Uma Devi, K.Avil Kumar, N.Narender, M.Devender Reddy and A.Rama Murthy, 1Ph.D Scholar, S.V.Agricultural College, Tirupati.

Abstract

A study was conducted during 2011-12 Rabi to access the water quality status and the yield of paddy and its quality aspects in Musi project command area of sewage origin in Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh. About 22 water (surface and ground water), 5plant and grain samples were collected during June, 2011 from a study area of 24,906 ha. The results depicted that among the water, all the samples were found to contain unsafe levels of Ni and Cd, With regard to Co, 64 % of the collected samples were safe and the rest (36%) were unsafe in post monsoon period.The rabipaddy (variety - MTU 1010) yields varied from 1050 kg ha-1to 8000 kg ha-1 with the mean yield of 5120 kg ha-1. The yields were higher in case of head region (6025 to 8000 kg ha-1) due to more water availability and rich source of nutrients along with organic matter content. In rice grain and straw samples, it was observed that except Cr, other heavy metals (Co, Ni, Cd and Pb) were found to be beyond the threshold levels. It can be inferred that the heavy metals entering in to the Musi River due to the

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 117 entry of industrial pollutants from urban areas, along its course could be responsible for the presence of heavy metals in unsafe quantities in rice grain and straw samples leads to accumulation of pollutant elements and decreased quality of paddy grain claiming for further health aspects etc.

OP 106 Cysteine protease and cystatin combination as an alternate strategy to barnase-barstar system for pollination control in plants

Shukla Pawan and Kirti P.B. Department of Plant Science, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.

(e-mail: [email protected])

Usable male sterility systems have immense potential in developing hybrid varieties in crop plants and are also used as a biological safety method to prevent horizontal transgene flow. Barnase-barstar system developed earlier was the first approach to engineer male sterility in plants in this direction. Since the genes involved in the system are of prokaryotic origin, we have made attempts to engineer male sterility and fertility restoration using a plant pathogen induced gene, cysteine protease, for inducing male sterility. This gene was identified in the wild peanut, Arachis diogoi in its interaction with the pathogen Phaeoisariopsis personata that causes late leaf spot in peanut. The role of cysteine protease in plant PCD has been well documented. Therefore, we have made an attempt to devise a strategy of engineering male sterility in crop plants by expressing this gene under the strong tapetum specific promoter, TA29 for early degeneration of tapetal cell lineages. Complete male sterile plants have been obtained with this construct in tobacco generated through leaf disc transformation. Restoration of male fertility was achieved by using cysteine protease inhibitor called cystatin, which was also isolated from wild peanut and expressed this gene in tapetal cell layer as cysteine protease. We have also modelled the interaction of the cysteine protease with cystatin using bioinformatics approach and observed that there is possible interaction between the proteins. Exploiting plant gene/s could be a novel tool for development of genetically engineered male sterile plants and their restorer line as they may not face problems in respect of regulatory issues in commercial deployment.

OP 107 Ectopic expression of an annexin (AnnBj2) from Brassica juncea confers salinity tolerance in transgenic tobacco.

Israr Ahmed* and P.B.Kirti

Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046

*Email: [email protected]

Annexins constitute a family of proteins with diverse functions, capable of binding the plasma and endo membranes in a calcium dependant and independent manner. They are ubiquitously present with wide taxonomic distribution. Plant annexins expression is regulated by the environmental signals and the developmental stage of their life cycle. One of the important properties of the annexins is peroxidase activity which is involved in scavenging the reactive oxygen species generated during various stresses and imparts tolerance to salinity and drought. So far, six annexin genes (AnnBj1, AnnBj2, AnnBj3, AnnBj4, AnnBj6 and AnnBj7) are reported from Brassica juncea which display differential expression pattern in response to salinity, oxidative stress, signaling molecules and wounding. Among these, overexpression of AnnBj1 in tobacco and cotton conferred abiotic stress tolerance. Similarly, transcripts of AnnBj2 were upregulated in response to abscisic acid, ethephon, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate. In addition to this, the partial promoter region of AnnBj2 gene has different cis- acting regulatory elements involved in different stresses. In the present study, we have overexpressed the AnnBj2 in tobacco to functionally characterize its function in response to different abiotic stresses. The transgenic plants showed higher level of salinity tolerance compared to the untransformed control plants. Further analysis of the transgenic plants is under progress.

OP 108 IN SILICO INHIBITORS FOR PLASMODIUM FALCIPARAM FALCIPAIN-3 THROUGH COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH

Madhu Sudhana Saddala, J. Obaiah, D. Kumar Babu, G. Bhavani and A. Usha Rani*

Dept. of Zoology, DBT-Bioinformatics center, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502.

Abstract

Falcipain-3 plays an important role in the malaria parasite life cycle by intracellular development of the parasite and degrading erythrocyte proteins, most notably hemoglobin. Inhibition of falcipain-3 prevents parasite maturation, suggesting this protein may be valuable targets for the design of novel antimalarial drugs. Majorly Falcipain-3 is used our study to energy minimized and subjected to molecular dynamics simulations using NAMD 2.9 software with CHARMM27 force field in water and the receptor structure was minimized with 25,000 steps for 500 ps and simulation with 10,00000 steps for 2ns. Mostly 2500 compounds were screened from PubChem database through structure based Virtual screening with references to Mefloquine drug compound. The screened compounds were docked into the active site of the protein using Autodock Vina in Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 119

PyRx Virtual Screening tool. The docking result showed the five best PubChem compounds such as CID54578538, CID46233016, CID44361455, CID432301 and CID456309 have best binding energies of, -9.2, -9.1, -8.5, -8.1 and -6.1 kcal/mol respectively. The lead hit compounds were also tested for toxicity and bioavailability using Osiris and Molinspiration online servers. Our investigation revealed that the active site amino acid such His18, Asp44, Tyr63, Gln110, Tyr115, Asp168, His196, Glu199, Gly453 and Met434 were play a significant role in binding and catalytic activity. Therefore our study might prove useful while designing new inhibitors.

KEYWORDS: Falcipain-3, simulations, docking, PubChem database, Autodock Vina

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

OP 109 Exogenous Abscisic acid and Gibberellin at Pre-anthesis Augment the Heat Stress Tolerance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) under Elevated Temperature

Sneha Reddy*, Ranjeet R. Kumara, SunehaGoswami, Sushil K. Sharma, and Raj D. Rai Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India-12 aCorresponding author- [email protected] ,*Will be presented by - Sneha

Abstract

Abscisic acid (ABA) and Gibberlicacid (GA3) are important phytohormoneswhich playscrucial role in plant growth and developmental processes. Exogenous application of growth hormones has been reported to modulate the tolerance mechanism of the plants under different abiotic stresses.Here, we studied the exogenous effect of phytohormones(ABA and GA3)at pre-anthesis stage on thermotolerance level of different wheat cultivars (HD2733, HDR77, NW14, PBW621, WR544, C306, HUW510, PBW343 and RAJ3765)grown under elevated temperature. A non-significant increase in the total sugar content (0.2-0.3%)was observed in different cultivars in response to heat stress (HS) compared to control. We could observea significant increase in the protein, proline and total antioxidant capacity in response to ABA, GA, ABA+GA prior to HS. The maximum accumulation of proline was observed in PBW343(2568 µg/g fresh weight), protein in HUW510(1980 µg/g fresh weight)and total antioxidant capacity in HUW 510(5775 µg/g fresh weight) in response to ABA+GA+HS. A positive correlation was observed between the GA, ABA and thermotolerance capacity of different wheat cultivars. To conclude, ABA+GA prior to HS induce the expression of various stress associated proteins (SAPs) in wheat and

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 120 ultimately enhance the tolerance capacity under elevated temperature.It will be eas to use such exogenous treatment of phytohormones under field condition in order to develop a climate smart wheat crop. Keywords – Abscisic acid, Gibberellin, Wheat, Heat stress, Signalling molecules, Proline, Protein, Total antioxidant capacity, Osmolyte, Thermotolerance capacity Abbreviations HS- Heat stress; ABA- Abscisic acid; GA- Gibberellin

OP 110 EFFECT OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION ON ESSENTIAL OIL COPMOSITION OF HYDECHIUM SPICATUM BUCH.

G.Bisht , Vinay D. Punetha Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital [email protected]

Aromatic and medicinal plants were used from a long time as remedies for human diseases because they contain chemical components of medicinal value. Essential oils are volatile, natural, complex compounds characterized by a strong odor and are formed by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites.

Zingiberaceae family constitutes a vital group of rhizomatous medicinal and aromatic plants characterized by the presence of volatile oils and oleoresins of export value. Generally, the rhizomes and fruits are aromatic, tonic and stimulant, occasionally they are nutritive. In the present study presence of heavy metal concentration in soil and its Effect on the essential oil composition was examined. Rhizomes of Hydechium spicatum Buch. collected from two different places along with their soil and oil was extracted by hydro distillation method and analyzed by GC and GC/MS . Screening of heavy metal composition of the soil was done by AAS Spectroscopy.

It has been observed that some essential oil constituent greatly affected by the concentration of heavy metal in the soil. The percentage of 1,8-cineole and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol was markedly affected by Mn concentration in the soil. Study concluded with the point that the percentage of 1,8-cineole increases from 44.54% to 48.22% as the concentration of Mn increases while concentration of 10-epi-γ-eudesmol decreases to 0.00% from a considerable presence of 9.27 % , with the increased concentration of Mn in soil.

Key words: Hydechium spicatum, manganese, 1,8-cineole , 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, AAS Spectroscopy

OP 111 GENETIC PURITY TESTING OF F1 COTTON HYBRIDS USING ADVANCED MOLECULAR MARKERS

Jayasravanthi, M and Dr. A. Krishnasatya Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur

Abstract: Parentage of F1 hybrids of cotton was verified using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) assays. Out of 196 primers surveyed, 3 random and 5 ISSR primers were found polymorphic between two cotton parents (TS-173 and TS-002). These highly informative primers not only differentiated the parent genotypes but also confirmed the parentage of their true F1 hybrids. Amplification with RAPD primer no.20 yielded 10 and 9 scorable and reproducible bands in female parent and male parent DNA respectively and can be used as a potent marker for genetic purity testing of F1 hybrids. Polymorphic ISSRs were named as IS 6_400, IS 8_750, IS 10_1550, IS 12_825 and IS 15_100. DNA markers RAPD_925, IS 10_1550, IS 12_825 and one allele of IS 6_400 were specific to TS-173, while the others markers were specific to TS-002. Our findings revealed that the use of RAPD and ISSR primers are excellent genomic markers for parentage confirmation and hybridity determination, and would also enhance efficiency of breeding programmes through marker assisted selection. Keywords: Cotton, DNA, RAPD, ISSR.

OP 112 RAPID SHOOT MULTIPLICATION OF MIDLATE VARIETY DEVELOPED AT AGRICULTURE RESEARCH STATION, PERUMALLAPALLE

N. Sabitha, M.Hemanthkumar, M.Subba rao and M.S. Balaji

Abstract

Sugarcane is a commercial crop and is cultivated under wider range of the agro-ecologicalconditions in tropical and subtropical regions of India. Sugarcane is propagated vegetatively through setts. There is a shortage of clean and healthy planting material of sugarcane varieties and the problem is more acute when a new variety is released. Conventionally, seed multiplication ratio is 1:10 only, which is due to the pathogens which keep on accumulating generation after generation which leads to reduction in germination initially & finally yield and quality. The seed multiplication ratio can be enhanced up to1:25 when the seed nursery planted with tissue culture plantlets. Thus micro propagation ensures rapid and mass multiplication of sugarcane throughout the

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 122 year for quick spread of a new variety.In addition virus free seedlings can be obtained when meristem is used as explant. Micro propagation is a methodology through which plants multiplied by aseptic culture of meristamatic regions under controlled nutritional &environmental conditions. In the present investigation promising sugarcane midlate variety, 2005T50 was choosen for shoot multiplication. The shoot tops ofthe varietythat are obtained from the top portion of actively growing canes are surface sterilized with ethyl alcohol, sodium hypochlorite (3%) solution and double distilled water. Media for rapid multiplication and rooting are standardized.Shoot tips were established onMurashige and Skoog’s medium (1962). Among the combinations of growth regulators kinetin 2.0 ppm, IAA 2.0 ppmand BAP 3.0ppm induced maximum number of shoots. Individual shoots cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s medium containing NAA 4.0 ppm produced profuse root system with about 15 to 20 roots per shoot. Thus obtained regenerated plantlets were hardened in green house and later transplanted in main field. Progeny of these plants will be used for further multiplication and commercial distribution to farmers. Keywords : MS medium, Growth regulators, multiplication, hardening.

OP 113 Importance of Small millets for food and nutritional security

L. Madhavilatha and M. Subba Rao

Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Perumallapalle, Tirupati-517505, Andhra Pradesh. Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT

Small millets is a collective term referring to a number of edible small seeded annual grasses that are cultivated as grain crops, primarily on marginal lands in dry land areas. The most important cultivated small millet crops in India are Finger millet, Fox tail millet, Proso millet, Kodo millet, Barn yard millet and Little millet. In the world India is the top producer of millets with cultivable area 85 lakh ha and production of 12 lakh tons. These millets have remained the food for the people of the lower economic strata and traditional consumers, because of thier coarse texture, characteristic flavour, intensely coloured seed coat and cultural attachments. From nutritional point of view the ethnic and novel products of millets were found to be comparatively richer in protein and minerals than cereals. Higher calcium and protein in millets enhances the nutritional value of bakery products. In addition to their nutritive value several potential health benefits such as preventing cancer and heart diseases, reduces cholesterol and delaying gastric emptying. Value addtion to millets is highly strategic intervention in the popularization of nutritionally rich small millet crops. Millets inclusion in the food security on the contrary would have strengthened not only the food security objective but Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 123 nutritional security since all these millets are rich sources of many macro and micro minerals. Therefore for solving the problem of food insecurity and malnutrition, millet crops plays best role. Culture has preserved the significance of millets through the promulgation of their use in the preparation of traditional ethnic dishes during special occasions and rituals. Nutritional quality of food is a key element in maintaining overall human physical well being. In addition millets have cultivation advantages when compared to other food crops, as millets can be grown in harse conditions with limited inputs. Inspite of all these extraordinary qualities and capacities of millets area under millet cultivation has been shrinking over the last five decades rapidly. After green revolution wheat and rice registered a whopping increase of 285 and 125 % respectively, while state policies also allowed millets to suffer a decline of -2.4 % in agriculture. The country must therefore work towards achieving complete food security along with nutritional security by encouraging the millets cultivation.

Key Words: Small Millets, Nutritive values, Value addition

Theme Area 3

OP 114: IMPACT OF SEED PRIMING ON ACTIVITIES OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN DIRECT-SEEDED RICE

Sharda Rani, Department of Biochemistry, Neerja Sharma, Biochemist, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Gulshan Mahajan, Agronomist (Rice), Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004.

In the present study, paddy of rice genotypes IR 64 and IET 21214 was primed with water

(hydropriming), potassium chloride (KCl 0.45M), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 0.60M) and the untreated paddy referred to as control was sown using direct-seeding technique and the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of the antioxidants were estimated in the flag leaf during the tillering, anthesis and dough stage. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased as a result of all the priming techniques used. The maximum increase in activity of SOD (1.5 times over control)

and CAT (2 times) was observed with hydropriming while treatments with CaCl2 and KCl gave almost similar increase (approx 1.2 times for SOD and 1.4 times for CAT). Contents of ascorbate, proline and total amino acids were also increased with various priming treatments, the maximum being with hydropriming (1.8 times for ascorbate, 2.3 times for proline and 1.5 times for total amino acids). Among the three treatments, hydropriming proved to be the best in overcoming aerobic conditions encountered during direct-seeding. Variation in the response of the two genotypes under study to the crop establishment technique was also observed. It is concluded that seed priming treatments lead to higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and content of antioxidant compounds, resulting in better crop establishment and tolerance of aerobic conditions.

OP 115 Mitigating role of micronutrient supplementation against Cadmium induced alterations in antioxidant enzymes in liver and kidney of male albino rat: A study with reference to Metallothionein quantification D. Kumar Babu and A. Usha Rani* Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati – 517 502 A.P. India * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT The present work was carried out to investigate whether the micronutrients like selenium (Se) and copper (Cu) supplementation could reverse the Cd induced alterations in the vital antioxidants like catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and induction of metallothionein protein in liver and kidney of Cd treated male albino rats. The Wistar strain rats weighing 180 ± 20g were

th treated with Cd at a dose of 1/10 LD50 i.e. 22.5 mg/kg body weight for 7, 15 and 30days (d) long sojourn. After 15d Cd treatment the rats were divided into three groups. The first and second groups were given Se supplement (1mg/kg) and Cu (16 mg/kg) respectively. Third group of rats were supplemented with the combination of Se and Cu. After each specific time interval, the rats were decapitated and the test tissues were isolated and used for assay of selected enzymatic antioxidants, LPO and quantification of metallothionein (MT) protein. Maximum elevation in LPO levels (66.458 ± 1.798 and 71.083 ± 2.113 µ moles of MDA formed/g tissue/hr) with a maximum inhibition in the activity levels of CAT (1.159 ± 0.022 and 0.982 ± 0.029 µ moles of H 2O2 metabolized /mg protein/min) and SOD (9.297 ± 0.580 and 8.810 ± 0.567 superoxide anion reduced / mg protein/ min) were observed in 30d Cd treated rat liver and kidney respectively. The antioxidants enzyme activity levels were significantly elevated in both the tissues after micronutrient supplementation. Among the three modes of supplementation, 30d Se supplementation was highly effective in elevating the activity levels of

CAT (1.148 ± 0.015 µ moles of H2O2 metabolized /mg protein/min) and SOD (16.111 ± 0.423 superoxide anion Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 125 reduced / mg protein/ min) in rat kidney. Further, kidney MT protein levels were high during Se alone supplementation (17.305 µg/g) when compared to the Cu alone and combination of both Se and Cu supplementations. Our results suggests that the micronutrient like Se alone supplementation is highly effective in reversing the activity levels of enzymatic antioxidants and inducing the MT proteins which has got therapeutic role in eliminating the Cd body burden from liver and kidney of Cd treated rats.

OP 116 Debt to Relief, the Saga of Success for Vidarbha Farmers: A Case Study Kandeeban1 ,Amarnath Reddy2 1 MBA (ABM) student,Departmtnt of Agribusinees Management, 21stM.SC(Agri),Department of Entomology, S.V.Agriculturalcollege,Tirupati.

As all of us known that Climate “THE GAMBLER” plays a major role in agriculture in growing crops and following respective/proper agricultural practices in due time. Due to lot of unseen reasons such as global warming and failure in the onset & withdrawal of monsoon agricultural has became very tedious on these days. In last one decade or so, India as lost lot of her farmerslives due to the drastic famine and the financial condition existing in our country. One of the most affected regions is Yavatmal district in Maharastra, a region in famous forsuicide by cotton farmers due to crop failure now themselves have came with an solution for their problem by shift in cropping pattern i.e growing easy soybean and abandon the costly cotton. Following this practice of shift in crop farmers of Amravati region which includes the district of Amravati,Washim,Akola,Buldhanaand Yavatmalthe area under cotton has almost halved over the past five years, from 15 lakh hectares to 8.15 lakh hectares.Among farmers in Vidarbha, cotton has been replaced by soyabean on 88,000 hectares in the past one year. “In 2013, the area under cotton and soybean is almost equal,” Farmers say they cannot afford to grow cotton any more. “Cotton is not profitable even if the government gives [us] Rs.10, 000 in minimum support price, because the production cost of Bt. cotton is very high. With soyabean, you can be sure of recovering at least production cost. The rising cost of cotton cultivation, the poor price for cotton and labour problems made us think about another crop. As our ex-prime minister Nehru said that everything can wait but not agriculture. So in the same line the vidarbhafamers moving ahead successfully instead of waiting. OP 117 Evaluation of the efficacy of Nanoscale iron particles on the germination and growth of Maize (Zea Mays L) PRASAD, T.N.V.K.V. a, ADAM, Sb Subbaiah.L a, Fareeda, G. M.c Murthy, S.D.S.b and T.Giridhara Krishna a Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 126

Corresponding author: [email protected] a Nanotechnology laboratory, Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, A. P, INDIA bDepartment of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, A. P, INDIA c Department of Soil Science, S.V.Agricultural College, Tirupati -517 502. Abstract :- Nanoscale metal particles are found to be very promising in various fields of science. The application of nanoscale particles in agriculture fields received much attention in these days to improve plant growth and crop yield. Iron nano particles have been synthesized and mixed in nutrient solution in different concentrations (100ppm to2000ppm) to evaluate their effect on maize (Zea mays) seeds against bulk ferrous sulphate. The nanoparticles proved their growth promoting ability than the normal iron in the growth and development of seedlings which were studied up to 10 days. Studies using normal iron containing nutrients enumerated its toxic effects at doses of 500ppm to 2000ppm whereas, nano scale iron oxide particles resulted in good growth and development of maize plants and proved to be non toxic even at higher concentrations of 2000ppm. Growth parameters such as germination percentage by 70%, shoot lengths by 40%, root length by 60%, root number by 20% and chlorophyll content by 30% were found to be increased with the application of nanoscale iron particles than with the bulk ferrous sulphate application. The usefulness of nanoscale particles in agriculture seems to be helpful, but still a long way to go to realize their effects at full scale field applications. Key words:- Nano scale Metal nutrients, Maize, Plant growth. OP 118 ROLE OF METALLOTHIONEIN AGAINST CADMIUM TOXICITY IN RATS: A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO ZINC AND IRON SUPPLEMENTATION Obaiah Jamakala and A. Usha Rani* Division of Environmental Biology, Department of Zoology Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati – 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Cells react to stressful environments with a broad range of diverse homeostatic responses. Among an array of responses stress response proteins, including metallothionein (MT) play an important role against metal induced stress. The present study is carried out to know the role of MT in detoxification of cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rats before and supplementation with trace elements such as zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). Male albino rats

th were treated orally with Cd at a dose of 1/10 of LD50 / 48h (i.e. 22.5 mg/kg) for 7, 15 and 30 days (d) long

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 127 sojourn. 15d Cd treated rats were then subjected to trace element supplementations of Zn (12mg/kg) and Fe (40mg/kg) individually and in combination for another 7, 15 and 30d time intervals. After specific time intervals, rats were decapitated and tissues like liver and kidney were isolated and used for metallothionein studies. Purification and quantification of MT protein was carried out by the methods of Overnell and Coombs (1979) and Lowry et al., (1951) respectively. Purified MT protein containing samples were subjected to SDS- PAGE. Clear visible bands were observed in the test tissues approximately at 6.5 KDa against standard low range molecular weight protein marker (Cat. No. M 3546). Further, MT protein levels were significantly elevated in the test tissues during Cd treatment and also after supplementation with Zn and / or Fe. Maximum MT protein synthesis was observed in 30d rat kidney under combined supplementation of both Zn and Fe. Thus, tissues that contain an excess amount of MT are resistant to Cd toxicity. OP 119 Protective Effect of Sophora interrupta bedd Root Extracts Against NDV Infected Chick Embryos C. Bhuvaneswar1, P. Ramesh babu1, G. Swathi 1, V. Lokanatha2 and W. Rajendra1* 1. Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502. 2. Department of Biotechnology, Dravidian University, Kuppam-517425.

Abstract: India is one of the richest countries in the world with regard to medicinal plants. For many decades, ethnobotanical researchers have focused on bioactive factors of plant origin and succeeded to treat most of the human and animal diseases as well. Sophora species have been widely used in the traditional treatment of different diseases. In the present study, it was planned to test the antiviral activity of Sophora interrupta bedd roots against NDV infection in chick embryos. The bioactive compounds were successfully extracted with n-hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. The methanolic and water extracts were found to be more active in inhibiting the effect of NDV infection in chick embryo by using an in ovo method. These two crude extracts protected chick embryos during development when chick embryos were infected with NDV. Based on the experimental findings from the extracts, the phenolic compounds were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The chromatograms of HPLC analysis of methanolic and water extracts of Sophora interrupta Bedd roots revealed seven and three peaks respectively. These individual fractions were collected and evaluated for the antiviral properties. Keywords: Sophora interrupta bedd, Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), Chick embryos, Phenolic compounds, HPLC.

OP 120 EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND SELENIUM AGAINST CADMIUM INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN FRESH WATER FISH, OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS (TILAPIA) G. Bhavani, Obaiah Jamakala and A. Usha Rani* Division of Environmental Biology, Department of Zoology Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati – 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India *Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT The present study was designed to elucidate the protective effect of calcium (Ca) and selenium (Se) on cadmium (Cd) induced oxidative stress in Oreochromis mossambicus. For this purpose we investigate the response of oxidative stress enzymes like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione– S– transferase (GST) activity levels, lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and glutathione (GSH)

th content in gill, liver and intestine of tilapia exposed to Cd (1/10 of LC50/48h, i.e., 5ppm) for 7, 15 and 30 days (d) period. 15d Cd exposed fish were divided into three groups. The first group of fish was subjected to Ca (1ppm) supplementation, second group received only Se (1ppm) supplement and third group of fish were supplemented with the combination of both Ca and Se at the above said doses for again 7, 15 and 30d time periods. After specific time intervals, gill, liver and intestine tissues were isolated and used for the assay of above said oxidative stress enzyme activity levels and GSH content. LPO levels were also measured in the test tissues both before and after trace element supplementation to the test fish. Cd significantly inhibited the antioxidant enzyme activities and caused a pronounced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in the test tissues. Supplementation of Ca and Se reversed the Cd-induced toxicity in selected tissues and reduced the levels of MDA accumulation. Our data suggests that individual supplementation of Ca and Se has more effective in protecting the test tissues of O. mossambicus from Cd induced oxidative stress.

Key words: Cadmium, Trace elements supplementation, Oxidative stress, Tilapia

OP 121 INFLUENCE OF MICRONUTRIENTS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF FINGERMILLET

B.Vajantha, K.V.Nagamadhuri, L.Madhavilatha and M.Subba Rao

Agricultural Research Station, Perumallapalle – 517 505

ANGRAU, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh

ABSTRACT Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 129

Malnutrition and undernourishment are the major problems of Indian population due to which millets are becoming alternative sources of human food in India as well as in the world. Finger millet being one of the important sources of staple food and being used as production of number of value added products especially in South India. The important micronutrients such as zinc and iron play an important role in improving the nutritional quality of food or value addition. There is a need to increase uptake of micronutrients by grain to overcome the imbalance of nutrients in the produce. Fortification of grain with micro nutrients will also help to overcome the problem of malnutrition.

Keeping this in view the field experiments were conducted during kharif 2012 and rabi 2012-13 at Agricultural Research Station, Perumallapalle to study the effect of iron and zinc nutrition on uptake, yield and quality of finger millet (variety: Vakula). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 12 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of soil and foliar application of micro nutrients. The foliar spray of nutrients (Fe SO4 & Zn SO4) was done at 30 & 45 days after transplanting while the soil application was done as basal dose.

The results revealed that higher grain yield (35.07 q ha-1) was recorded with application of 100%

-1 -1 recommended dose of fertilizers (60-40-30 kg NPK ha ) along with Zn SO4 @ 50 kg ha during kharif 2012. In rabi 2012-13, application of 150% RDF along with basal application of Zn so4 @ 50 kg ha-1and foliar spray of

-1 0.2% FeSO4 recorded higher grain yield (27.78 q ha ). The highest straw yield was recorded with 150% RDF +

-1 0.2% FeSO4 during both the seasons (84.98 and 69.97 q ha during kharif 2012 and rabi 2012-13 respectively). The Fe and Zn uptake by straw and grain at harvest was significantly influenced by all treatments in both seasons. The highest Fe and Zn uptake by grain was noticed in 150% RDF along with basal application Zn SO4

-1 @50 kg ha and foliar spray of 0.2% Fe SO4. From this study it may concluded that application of micro nutrients along with RDF will help to fortify the grain with micro nutrients in finger millet crop.

OP 122 Genome wide identification of drug targets and discovery of integrase inhibitors for multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii MDR-TJ

Baki Vijaya Bhaskar, Tirumalsetty Munichandra Babu, Cherukupalle Bhuvaneswar, Wudayagiri Rajendra* DBT-Bioinformatics center, Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Zoology Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502 ABSTRACT:

Acinetobacter baumannii is a hazardous, neglected, gram negative multidrug resistance bacteria whose infections are being increased in nosocomial and immune compromised patients. To date, complete genome Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 130 sequences of nine multidrug resistant A. baumannii’s have been reported, although, the inclusive resistance mechanisms and essential event for its survival in the host are less well understood. Recently, Multidrug resistant A. baumannii MDR-TJ is clinically isolated pathogen from Taiwan hospitals which has 3.8 Mb of genome which encoding 3704 proteins, among which 2640 protein candidates were found essential using DEG database. Further, 2640 essential proteins were subjected to Human database that showed 374 proteins as non- homologous which may be considered as potential drug targets. Integrase is an important enzyme which integrates the resistant gene cassettes from virulent to non-virulent pathogens. Hence, the structure of integrase was modeled using Modeller 9v11, and the final lowest dope score model was subjected to molecular dynamics simulations using NAMD 2.9v with the following steps: initially, energy minimization with 5000 steps and equilibrated with 500000 steps performed with CHARMM27 force field, for 10 picoseconds time covered with water box. Subsequently, equilibrated system was simulated with 1000000 runs for 2 nano seconds time period. After simulation the final model was validated through PROCHECK, WHATCHEK, Verify3D and ERRAT. Virtual screening studies were carried out with ZINC database against integrase which showed three best compounds such 35809837, 35702642 and 35702642 with the binding energy of -10.1, -10.0 and, -10.0 respectively which inhibit the integrase enzyme and hence these compounds can be used as novel antibacterials.

OP 123 Ethanol-induced Myocardial infarction attenuated by ginger treatment in rats: A novel approach with in silico studies

Ganjikunta Venkata Subbaiaha, Sahukari Ravib, Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugama, Korivi Mallikarjunac, Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddya*. a Division of Molecular Biology and Ethno pharmacology, b DBT–Bioinformatics Centre, Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India.c Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Taipei Physical Education College, Taipei City, Taiwan

* Corresponding author: [email protected]. Abstract Chronic alcohol consumption elevates cardiac biomarkers and induces myocardial infarction. The present study investigated the protective effect of ginger against ethanol induced myocardial infarction by in vivo and in silico studies. The animals were divided into 4 groups as per the experimental protocol. The treatment was given to the rats for 7 weeks and the cardiac biomarkers like Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and serum cardiac isoenzyme Creatine phosphokinase (CK-MB) Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 131 levels were significantly(p<0.001) elevated in ethanol (6 g/kg) ingested rats. However, with ginger (200 mg/kg body weight) treatment for 7 weeks we observed significant reduction in LDH, AST and CK-MB and it was confirmed by doing docking studies with ethanol extract of ginger compounds. The current data supports that ethanolic extract of ginger act as a potential cardio protective agent against ethanol induced myocardial infarction and it may be advocated as a therapeutic agent for alcoholic subjects. Key words: Ethanol, Ginger, LDH, AST, CK-MB, in vivo, in silico

OP 124 DISTRIBUTION OF ARTEMISININ IN ARTEMISIA ANNUA (L., ASTERACEAE) Kanika Shakya*and Chanchal Kulkarni G. SEED, Research Division Bhopal, India Email : [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Artemisia (Artemisia annua L., Asteraceae), known in the United States as sweet Annie or annual wormwood, is an annual herb . The plant has become naturalized in many countries including Argentina, Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Romania, India, Italy, Spain, the United States and the former Yugoslavia. Artemisinin production by A. annua is usually in the range of 0.01% to 0.4% obtained from roots and shoots of it . Recently, our study was reported by an extraction method which makes possible extraction of both compounds from the same plant material, thus increasing the final production of artemisinin. Artemisinin can be quantified by various analytical procedures including thin Layer Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with ultraviolet or electrochemical detection Radioimmunoassay and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay. Where artemisinin has been detected from the aerial parts of the plant, mostly in leaves and inflorescences with low levels in stems and none in pollen or roots. The occurrence of artemisinin in the seed is due to the presence of floral remnants. Reports on the distribution of artemisinin throughout the plant have been inconsistent. Artemisinin has been also reported to be higher at the top of the plant in some clones and equally distributed in others. Also artemisinin production in shoots is enhanced by the presence of roots. The highest levels of artemisinin (0.287% DW) were obtained in hormone-free medium when the root production was maximized. The present study indicates that the biosynthesis of artemisinin is enhanced by the presence of roots. Artemisia annua is unlikely to be produced economically by chemical synthesis or by in vitro production, thus A. annua is a potential new antimalarial drug or crop for temperate areas in vitro.

Keywords : Artemisia, Chromatography, Ultraviolet or electrochemical, Radioimmunoassay , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay OP 125 Screening of Indian mulberry for abiotic stress tolerance and ameliorative effect of genetic manipulation on osmotic stress M.Swaroopa* 1Dept. of Zoology, SVU, Tirupati- 517 502, A.P., INDIA *[email protected] Unprecedented opportunities for manipulation of plant genes have arisen from recent advances in recombinant DNA research. Availability of reliable genetic transformation system for plants allows elucidation not only of the principles of gene expression and regulation/recombination in plants, but also allows transfer of novel and beneficial foreign genes into agronomically important plants. Attempts at enhancing silk production have largely relied upon improving the silk either through conventional or modern techniques of genetic manipulation. With the recent developments in the field of plant genetic engineering and genomics development of mulberry varieties for tolerance to water stress under semi-arid condition holds tremendous potential as nearly 48% of the Indian cultivar of mulberry falls under rain fed, water stress conditions. Also, due to continuous depletion of ground water sources, the irrigated areas are also becoming semi-irrigated and the total land under sub-optimal irrigation is increasing. In vitro techniques such as tissue and organ culture offer the plant breeders new opening not only for the production of homozygous lines but also for genetic manipulation. Since mulberry can be clonally propagated, a stable transfer of gene(s) into a popular/elite line could easily provide the needed trait in a desired genotypic background. In vitro screening for stress tolerance may prove fruitful as plant productivity is strongly influenced by dehydration stress induced by either high salt, drought or low-temperature, condition and mulberry happens to be a predominantly irrigated plantation crop, understanding the responses of mulberry towards osmotic stress is also of paramount importance.

Keywords: Water Stress, Mulberry, Genetic Transformation, Plant Breeding, Genetic Engineering.

OP 126 Discovery of novel antagonist for gastric Histamine H2 receptor from phenolic sources

Tirumalasetty Munichandrababu, Baki Vijaya Bhaskar, Wudayagiri Rajendra*

Bioinformatics Center, Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati- 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

The Histamine H2 receptor (H2R) in parietal cells of gastric mucosa involved in regulating gastrointestinal motility and intestinal secretions. The present study reports construction of basic 3D model of human histamine H2 receptor through homology based approach using the X-ray crystal structure of Turkey beta 1 adrenergic receptor (PDB ID: 2Y00) as a template with modellar 9.10 v software. Further, the developed initial model of the protein was subjected to molecular dynamics simulations using NAMD 2.9v software with CHARMM27 forcefeild, POPC lipid bilayer, 25,00,000 runs, 5 nano seconds and integrated time set of 2 fs. The reliability of final resolved model was assessed by PROCHECK server through Ramachandran plot calculations. The histamine h2 receptor blockage activities of natural phenolic acids were evaluated through computational docking approach using Autodock vina software. The docking results reveal that phenolic acids Caffeic acid, Ferulic acid, Gallic acid have -10.2, -10.1 and -9.5 Kcal/mol biding affinity respectively with active site of H2R structure. The structure based virtual screening was performed with structural analogues of these phenolic acids was obtained from ZINC database with the H2R structure in order to develop more potent antagonist. Through the interaction analysis it was found that the binding site residues viz. Ser74, Tyr94, Lys173, Trp275 and Tyr278 were conserved in the interaction of H2R with various phenolic analogues.

Keywords: Histamine H2 receptor, Molecular dynamics, CHARMM27, Virtual screening

OP 127 Isolation and Characterization ofMicroalgae from Western Coast of Maharashtra to Promote Healthy and Sustainable Future for Integrated Living Communities.

Janhavi A. Khanolkar* and Sanjay V. Deshmukh

Prof. Sanjay V. Deshmukh’s Lab (Lab-303/304), University Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai,Vidyanagari, Mumbai- 400098, India.

*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Microalgae are large and diverse group of simple, photosynthetic, microscopic, typically tropical organisms that play key role in food source, cycling nutrients in aquatic systems, balancing CO2 between oceans and atmosphere and increasingly used in pharma and cosmetic industries. The concept of algal biotechnology for

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 134 study of biologically active ingredients for the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals has gained interest.The chemical structures of algal polysaccharides, lipids, fatty acids and sterols, proteins and pigments, antioxidant properties of algal components, anticancer agents derived from marine algae, anti-obesity and antidiabetic activities are widely being studied. As appropriate nourishment is a growing concern with increasing world population, sustainable sources of nutritional value are needed. Many types of algae have documented health benefits from strengtheningthe immune system to fighting cancer and heart disease. The objective of present study was to isolate, characterize and cultivaterobust microalgal species at laboratory levelfrom Western Coast of Maharashtra having ability to adapt in adverse conditions.Physiological and biochemical characterswere studied under abiotic stress conditions.In this study effective growth medium for microalgae was investigated by using Bold’s Basal media, BG-11 media, Jaworski’smedia and F2 media.It was observed that BG- 11 media with nitrates was effective for culturing blue green algae. Chlorella species, Anabaena, Spirulina and Scenedesmus were identified purely on the basis of the morphological and microscopical observation.Technological breakthroughs in all major aspects must take place before commercial production of algal biomass which can eventually become economically viable.The future path of our work would be to adapt and establish cultivation algal feedstock under typical field conditions, especially under conditions of flooded paddy, large sea water cultivation on saline wastelands and mass cultivation in fishery deficient coastline. This study was the first step towards a new approach for sustainable livelihood in coastal areas.

OP 128 Whey based beverages: a source to provide nutritional security

Anupama Sandal and Mandeep Pathania,

Department of Food Science ,Nutrition and Technology

CSK Himacal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, HP- 176 062

[email protected]

In Himachal Pradesh many fruits like mango, papaya, jamun, pear, guava are available locally and are consumed as such and have medicinal value also, but are not domesticated well due to its less availability. The post harvest losses in fruits and vegetables are very high upto 20-40% . Fresh fruits and vegetables shrivel and stale, lowering their market value and consumer acceptability. Minimizing these losses can increase their supply without bringing additional land under cultivation and also help keep pollution under control. On the other hand, whey is the major by-product of dairy industry. Whey contains half of the milk solids, most of the lactose, about one fifth of protein and most of the vitamins and minerals present in the milk. The presence of all these

ingredients makes whey a highly nutritious product. Health beverages as RTS beverage, squash, and shakes etc .based on whey continue to receive a considerable amount of attention reflecting a growing awareness of the potential of these products in the market place. The products have high nutritional value in terms of their minerals and vitamins content. These could be particularly useful in places like Himachal where there is lack of food and improper nutrition leading to deficiencies of certain nutrients due to difficult terrains and poor linkages with highways.

OP 129 Bioavailability of essential minerals and phytase activity during soaking and germination in soybean (Glycine max L.) Alkesh Hada, Sweta Kumari, Veda Krishnan, Monica Jolly and Archana Sachdev Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India Corresponding Author Email id: [email protected] Dietary quality is an important limiting factor to adequate nutrition in many resource-poor settings. One aspect of dietary quality with respect to adequacy of micronutrient intake is ‘bioavailability’. High content of phytate, present in soybean, chelates the divalent mineral ions and reduces their bioavailability. In this study, the changes in phytate levels, phytase activity and the in vitro bioavailability of Fe, Zn, Ca using simulated physiological conditions were investigated in two Indian cultivars - Pusa 9712 and Kalitur. Phytate content was reduced by 10-13% after 12 h of soaking and a further reduction to an extent of 46-65% was observed after 72 h of germination. Phytase activity increased by six folds in the 72 h germinated soybean compared to control. Germination period continued upto 72 h also resulted in a significant increase in the in vitro bioavailability of Fe (8-21%), Zn (7-18.5%) and Ca (8-24%) in Kalitur and 9-27% (Fe), 9-25% (Zn) and 9-23% (Ca) in Pusa 9712. A negative correlation (P<0.05) was thus confirmed between phytate and mineral bioavailability in sprouted soybean seeds upto 72 h of germination. key words: bioavailability, endogenous phytases, minerals, in vivo - simulation, phytic acid, soybean.

OP 130 Cloning and characterization of a pathogen Induced thaumatin-like protein gene, AdTLPfrom wild peanut (Arachisdiogoi) Naveen Kumar Singh and Kirti P.B.*, Dept. of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad *Corresponding author: [email protected] Peanut (Arachishypogaea L) is one of the widely cultivated and leading oilseed crops of the world.Its yields are greatly affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Arachisdiogoi, a wild relative of peanut, is an important source of genes for resistance against various stresses that affect cropspecies. In this study, a full length cDNA of 988bp length, corresponding to a thaumatin like protein gene was amplified and cloned from A. Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 136 diogoi and designated as AdTLP. It carried an open reading frame of 726 bp encoding a polypeptide of 241 amino acids with 16 conserved cysteine residues. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the transcript level of AdTLPincreased upon treatment with the late leaf spot pathogen of peanut, P.personata and various hormone treatments, indicating its involvement in both, biotic and abiotic stresses. The antifungal activity of the purified recombinant protein was checked against different fungal pathogens, which showed better efficiency compared to many other TLP proteins. During the transient expression study, the recombinant AdTLP-GFP fusion protein was found to be predominantly localized to endoplasmic reticulum and extracellular spaces.The three dimensional structure predictions indicated that the protein has an acidic cleft, a structural requirement for antifungal activity. Transgenic tobacco plants ectopically expressing AdTLP showed enhanced resistance to wide spectrum phytopathogenic fungus, Rhizoctoniasolani. The seedling assays showed enhanced level of sodium chloride and oxidative stress tolerance in transgenic plants. These results suggest that the AdTLP is a good candidate gene for enhancing stress resistance in crop plants.

OP 131 FREEZE AND THAW CREATES OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DNA DAMAGE IN FROZEN HUMAN SPERMATOZOA Kamala Katepogu1, Pallavi Chittor, 1 Divya Kurumala1, Venkataswamy Mallepogu1, Venkateswarlu Kamity2 and Thyaga Raju Kedam*1 1Dept. of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, AP, India 2 Invitro fertility Centre, Tirupati, AP, India

ABSTRACT

Oxidative stress plays a major role in induction of cell structural damage, cellular dysfunction, and loss of cell survival. Semen cryopreservation is an important part of the work of many clinical laboratories, particularly those associated with infertility clinics. Most of the studies conducted on semen storage have demonstrated a beneficial effect of in vitro antioxidant supplements in protecting spermatozoa from exogenous oxidants and cryopreservation. In contrast, the effect of antioxidants in protecting spermatozoa from endogenous ROS and sperm processing have not been established conclusively. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the oxidative stress induced cryopreserved sperm quality, DNA intactness and lipid peroxidation of human semen that was stored at -1960C. The semen sample stored at -1960C has showed significant increase of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and super oxide dismutase (SOD), and slightly, compared with fresh samples, the decrease in catalase and glutathione peroxidase (P≤0.004) activities. In addition to these the DNA damage was also found on using electrophoresis and comet assay. In conclusion ejaculates collected from Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 137 donors were subjected to cryopreservation and thawing. These samples on experimental analysis conclude that the cryopreservation induces oxidative stress in the spermatozoa due to increasing rate of lipid peroxidation and suppression of the antioxidant enzyme defense mechanism. These effects further may provide an evidence for cryopreservation induced spermatozoa damage including nucleic acids.

OP 132 Effect of water stress on antioxidative enzymes and osmolyteconcentration in two high yielding cultivars ofgroundnut (Arachishypogaea L.) with contrasting drought tolerance.

K.V. MADHUSUDHAN*1, C. SUDHAKAR 2 1Government Degree College for Men, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Botany, S.K.University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India

*Corresponding author: Mob: (+91) 8143080326

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Variation of antioxidative potentials in terms of the activities of antioxidative enzymes which include superoxide dismutase (SOD: EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POX: 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT: 1.11.1.6), glutathione reductase (GR: EC 1.6.4.2) along with lipid peroxidation and cell membrane stabilityand the accumulation of osmolytes such as proline, glycine betaine, soluble sugars were studied in leaves of two groundnut (Arachishypogaea L.) cultivars namely K-134 (drought-tolerant)and JL-24,(drought-susceptible)at different water stress regimes for a duration of twelve days. Water stress resulted a significant increase in antioxidative enzymes and the levelsof osmolytesin the leaves of both cultivars and the degree of elevation was found to be dependent on severity of stress.Nevertheless, the magnitude of increase was more pronounced in tolerant cultivar K-134 than in susceptible cultivar JL-24. A close correlation exits between the rate of lipid peroxidation in terms of malonaldehyde (MDA) content and the activities of antioxidative enzymes per gram fresh weight with drought tolerance of the two cultivars. The level of lipid peroxidation was high in cultivar JL-24 than in cultivar K-134.Further, the drought tolerant nature of cultivar K-134, was well supported by cell membrane stability, having comparatively lower amounts of electrolyte leakage. The drought toleranceof cultivar K-134 seems to be associated, at least in part, with itsability to maintain efficient well-coordinated antioxidant defense which could provide better protection against oxidative stress under water stress conditions.

Key words :Water stress, Antioxidant defense, Groundnut, Osmolytes Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 138

OP 133 Role of Biofortification in Nutritional Security Y.Deepthi Kiran1 and C.Nagamani2 1 Ph.D scholar, 2 Assistant Professor S.V.Agricultural College,Tirupati. Abstract: Food insecurity and malnutrition in developing nations is an issue of global concern (IELRC, 2010).Experts estimate that 2 billion people, mostly in poorer countries, suffer from micronutrient malnutrition, also known as hidden hunger. This is caused by a lack of critical micronutrients such as vitamin A, zinc, and iron in the diet. Biofortfication is a scientific method for improving the nutritional value of foods already consumed by those suffering from hidden hunger. It provides a truly feasible means of reaching malnourished populations in relatively remote rural areas, delivering naturally-fortified foods to population groups with limited access to commercially-marketed fortified foods that are more readily available in urban areas (Bouis, 2003).In terms of efficacy and effectiveness the Copenhagen Consensus 2008 considered biofortification as one of the top five investment solutions to reduce malnutrition. Biofortification can increases the vitamin, mineral and trace element content of foods by increasing the efficiency by which plants absorb such micronutrients from the soil and preferentially store them in the edible grain. Biofortification could prove to be an essential strategy for combating micronutrient malnutrition in India, which has one of the world’s highest overall rates of malnutrition. Adoption and consumption of biofortified varieties of this crop is expected to increase the levels of essential micronutrients available to the poor in India through their daily diet. There needs to be improved dialogue of the linkages between agriculture, health and nutrition for nutrition-sensitive agriculture. Food-based approaches are the vehicle for narrowing the nutrition gap, the gap between what foods are available and what foods are needed for a healthy diet, and ensuring that the nutritionally vulnerable consume food in the appropriate quantity and quality required. Biofortification holds great promise for improving nutrition and should continue to be explored.

In this virtual context better late than never and consider Feed for Future generation with a nutri rich food basket.

OP 134 Antiviral properties of medicinal plant, Sphadranthus indicus

Annapoorna B, Tharanath V, Ranjani R and Sai Gopal D V R

Dept. of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India.

Viruses are a cellular and obligate intracellular parasite. Virus entry and viral diseases are observed in all living organisms including plant, animal, and human. Influenza virus, Herpes simplex virus, Human papilloma virus, Chickengunya virus , Dengue virus ,SARS and other carcinogenic viruses such as HTLV I, HTLV II are most important communicable and non communicable emerging viruses worldwide.

Prevention of viruses is possible by some important measures like creating awareness on transmission and pathology. Viruses are spread widely by many factors like water, vector, food and person to person. Natural products are effective against many viruses and act as antiviral drugs.

Therefore author wants to focus on antiviral activities of natural products identified from plants to provide safe, lowest and effective drugs to control viral diseases of human and animals. Blue Tongue Virus is a dsRNA non-enveloped multilayered virus it causes diseases to all ruminants including sheep, cattle, deer and goats. Sheep is most severely affected and causes changes to mucus lining of mouth, nose and coronary band of foot. In the present study, an antiviral activity of Sphadranthus indicus on Bluetongue Virus performed in vitro.

OP 135 COMPARTIVE QUANTIFICATION OF HFSs (1, 2, 4) VERSUS HSP- (70.1, 90, AND MC1R) GENE ANALYSIS IN MURRAH BUFFALO DERMAL FIBROBLAST CELL LINES INVITRO EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT TEMPRATURES

T.SRIDHAR GOUD, A.K.SINGH, SYMA ASHRAF, SRINIVASULU. P, RAJINI, RENUKA, ANIL KUMAR, K.VAMSI, SUDARSHAN KUMAR, D.MALAKAR, O.K.HOODA, S.V.SINGH AND R.C.UPADHYAY* Dairy Cattle Physiology Division National Dairy Research Institute-Karnal, Email: upadhyay.ramesh @gmail.com*

Adaptation, a process that ensures the organisms’ survival and reproductive success is based on variation in morphological, physiological, and behavioural traits. Both phenotypic and genotypic changes play a significant role in the formation of adaptive process of HSPs at cellular level. Examination of latitudinal and altitudinal variation in populations’ genetic divergence allows the investigation of animal adaptations to different environments. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs), act as a molecular chaperones to restore protein homeostasis in cells and develop adaptive mechanism at cellular level. During heat stress, HSF-1 is phosphorylated, trimerized, and translocated into the nucleus; it induces chaperone gene expression by binding to DNA sequence motifs known as Heat-shock elements (HSEs). Heat-Shock Factor 1 (HSF-1), master regulator of the heat-shock response can effect regulation of heat-shock protein gene (HSPs) expression. The

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 140 current study was done on Buffalo heifers (n=10) at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. Samples were collected from the ear pinna of each animal and grown in (DMEM) growth media (10%FBS), 1% Gentamicin solution and 2.5μg/ml Amphotericin-B. The cells were cultured at 370C and after 5th passage cells were

0 0 0 0 subjected to different thermal stress conditions i.e. 25 , 37 ,40 and 44 C in 5% CO2 incubator. RNA was isolated from cultured cells by using RNeasy Mini Kit. Concentration and optical density was measured (50-600 ng/µl) by using nanodrop and the purity ratio 260/280 was (2.0-2.2) determined and cDNA was synthesised by using random hexamers (Invitrogen U.S.A) and expression of HSF-1, 2, 4, and HSP 70.1, HSP-90, MC1R were analysed by Real Time- PCR (Applied Bio-System -7500) and results showed that factors HSF-1, 2, 4 was down regulated and the HSP-70.1 up regulated at 250C (18 fold change), 400C (45 fold change) and 440C (60 fold change) HSP-90 at 250C (2 fold change) 400C (13 fold change) and 440C (9 fold change) , MC1R gene was constantly expressed at (250C,400C and 440C) in Murrah buffalo. HSF1 can control the chromatin organization in response to heat shock. HSF1 mediates a genome-wide and massive histone deacetylation interacting with HDAC1 and HDAC2. Likewise, the transcriptional response to stress may be regulated by miRNAs. Recently, identified a group of miRNAs differentially expressed during heat stress condition in dermal fibroblasts cell lines. OP 136 Partial purification and characterization of extracellular pectinase from Saccharomyces sp. isolated from fruit wastes.

P. Vijayakumar and O.V.S. Reddy, Dept. of Biochemistry, S.V. University, Tirupati Microorganisms are known to produce many enzymes of industrial interest in processes relatively inexpensive and environmentally friendly. Moreover, enzymatic catalysis is preferred over other chemical methods since it is more specific and generates less toxicity. Pectinases are pectin degrading enzymes which act in different forms on their substrate. These are used for decades in the food and winemaking industry for the processing of fruit juices. Present study analyses the efficiency of yeast pectinolytic preparations produced in laboratory scale using various fruit peels as substrates under optimized fermentation conditions. Preliminary screening of pectinolytic yeasts isolated from fruit wastes was done by measuring the zone of clearance using plate method. Significant zone of clearance was observed with one isolate of Saccharomyces sp. It is selected for submerged fermentation with fruit peel as substrate. Optimum production of pectinase was achieved at 350C and pH 5, for a period of 78 h. Partial purification of the pectinase was carried out by ammonium sulphate precipitation method. Crude enzyme extract was tested for clarification of banana and pineapple juices. The pH and thermal stability of crude enzyme preparations also studied. Clarification of juices with partially purified enzyme of Saccharomyces sp. resulted in 80% reduction in viscosity as determined spectrophotometrically.

Pectinase produced by Saccharomyces sp. was relatively thermostable as it retained over 62% of activity for 45–50 min at 60 and 700C. This study reveals the efficiency of Saccharomyces sp. pectinase in fruit juice clarification and its potential in the commercial application.

OP 137 Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of alkaloid rich fraction of Heliotropium indicum in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Subhan Ali Mohammad, Appa Rao Chippada*. Department of Bio-Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, A.P, India. *Corresponding Author E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of alkaloid rich fraction of Heliotropium indicum (ARHI) on blood glucose and other biochemical parameters in normal and Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The treatment was given for 30 days. After the treatment, a significant reduction (61%) was observed in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in the treated diabetic rats, but no hypoglycemic activity in the treated normal rats. The oral administration of ARHI at a dosage of 750 mg/kg bw showed a significant increase in the liver glycogen and serum insulin levels and a significant decrease in FBG and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. The total cholesterol and serum triglycerides were also significantly reduced and HDL cholesterol levels were significantly increased upon treatment with ARHI. These results suggest that ARHI possesses antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects in STZ induced diabetic rats.

Keywords: Antidiabetic, Diabetes mellitus, Heliotropium indicum, Hypolipidemic, STZ.

OP 138 Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extract of stem bark of Boswellia ovalifoliolata in Streptozotocin induced Diabetic Rats.

Prabhakar Y K, Appa Rao Chippada *

Department of Bio-Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, India.

*Corresponding Author E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To evaluate antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of stem bark of Boswellia ovalifoliolata (AESBBO) in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Diabetes was induced by single intra peritoneal injection of STZ at a dosage of 50 mg /kg bw. STZ induced diabetic rats were treated with aqueous extract of stem bark of Boswellia ovalifoliolata (AESBBO) at a dosage of 200 mg/ kg bw for 40 days. The effects were compared with glibenclamide a standard oral antidiabetic drug.

Results: Oral administration of aqueous extract at a dose of 200 mg /kg bw for 40 days significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, serum lipid and lipoprotein levels, hepatic and renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and catalase (CAT) levels. There is a significant improvement in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidise (GPx) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) in liver and kidney of STZ induced diabetic rats after treatment with AESBBO when compared with untreated diabetic rats. There was also a significant decrease observed in the activities of liver and renal functional markers indicating the protective role of AESBBO against liver and kidney damage and its non-toxic property. These results clearly indicate that aqueous extract of Boswellia ovalifoliolata possess antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effect in diabetic rats.

Conclusions: It is concluded that Stem bark of aqueous extract of Boswellia ovalifoliolata at a dosage of 200 mg /kg bw has significant antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities without causing any toxic effects.

Keywords: Antidiabetic; Antihyperlipidemic; Antioxidants; Boswellia ovalifoliolata; Glibenclamide; Streptozotocin.

OP 139 RESPONSE OF RABI MAIZE TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS

G. Krishna Reddy, A. Muneendra Babu, P. Maheswara Reddy, T. Prathima, B.Ravindranatha Reddy and T.Giridhara Krishna Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop in world after wheat and rice. The importance of maize lies in its wide industrial applications besides serving as human food and animal feed. It is the most versatile crop with wider adaptability in varied agro-ecologies and has highest genetic yield potential among the food grain crops. As the demand for maize is growing globally due to its multiple uses for food, feed and industrial sectors, we need to produce more from same or even less resources. New production technologies Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 143

offer great promise for increasing productivity to meet the growing demands of world consumers. Maize is called ‘queen of cereal’ as it is grown throughout the year due to its photo-thermo insensitive character and highest genetic yield potential among the cereals. In India, maize is cultivated throughout the year in most of states of the country for various purposes including grain, feed, fodder, green cobs, sweet corn, baby corn, pop corn and industrial products. In India, current consumption pattern of maize is poultry, pig, fish feed 52%, human consumption 24%, cattle feed and starch 11% and seed and brewery industry 1%. Rabi maize is grown on an area of 1.2 million ha with the grain production of 5.08 m.t, with an average productivity of 4 t ha-1 (DACNET, 2012). The predominant Rabi maize growing states are Andhra Pradesh (45.5%), Bihar (20.1%), Tamilnadu (9.3%), Karnataka (8.5%), Maharashtra (7.7%), West Bengal (5.3%).

There is significant opportunity for maximizing maize yields to meet the ever increasing feed grain demand by the growing livestock industry in the state. The area under maize is increasing every year in Chittoor district and information on nitrogen and phosphorus requirement of maize for Chittoor district is

not available, though 120 Kg N, 60 Kg P2O5 and 60 Kg K2O/ha is recommended for Andhra Pradesh. The productivity of hybrids with yield potential of 10 -11t ha-1 are available in the market and our present recommendation may not be sufficient to realize maximum potential of new hybrids in light soils of Chittoor District. Hence, it is proposed to investigate on optimum levels of nitrogen and phosphorus for obtaining higher yields of maize hybrid. Moreover, Resource use efficiency can be improved and nutritional and income security can be achieved. Results revealed that, during rabi, 2010-11, the yield of maize was influenced by nitrogen levels. Among nitrogen levels, the highest seed yield was recorded with the application of N @ 250 Kg ha-1 . However, it is comparable with application of N@ 200 Kg ha-1. Progressive increment in seed yield was recorded with increasing levels of nitrogen from 100 to 250 Kg ha - 1. The yield differences were not significant with respect to phosphorus application.

Mail id : [email protected]

OP 140 The Miracle Crop Quinoa – Boon ofNutri Food basket forstarving India

Y.Amaranatha Reddy1, Kandeeban.M2 and Pavan Kumar Reddy Yerasi3 1, 2 1st M.Sc. (Ag) 3 Ph.D Scholar S.V.Agricultural College,Tirupati.

Abstract

Although, India is full filled enough to feed her 1.21 billion populations with 255 mt (2012-13) grain production. So it could not meet the hungry of all citizens due to the rapid population growth which accounts approximately 20% decade of its population. Most countries are burdened by multiple types of malnutrition and India is also one among them where 8 among 10 children below 15 years of age aremalnutritioned due to maternal malnutrition and mineral deficient food.

Quinoa is a miracle cereal with Peru origin could resolve all the problems stated above with its high nutrition content and its capability to sustain and grow even in drought areas.Quinoa requires short day lengths and cool temperatures for good growth. Areas where it is still produced tend to be marginal agricultural that are prone to drought and have soils with low fertility it grows well.Average yields were about 1,000 lb/acre, produced on fields that ranged from 10 to 80 acres in size. The variety CO407 has given consistent yields of 1,200 lb/acre in field trials, while other lines have yielded from 1,421 to 1,739 lb/acre. Yields that exceed 1,800 lb/acre in research trials are possible with adequate stands, fertility, moisture, and weed control.

Comparisons of the nutritional quality (% dry weight) of quinoa with various grains

Crop Water Crude Protein Fat Carbohydrate Fiber Ash

Rice 11.0 7.3 0.4 80.4 0.4 0.5

Wheat 10.9 13.0 1.6 70.0 2.7 1.8

Quinoa 12.6 13.8 5.0 59.7 4.1 3.4

The food industry should come forward to make quinoa products due to the current market and its good growth potential. And government should take necessary steps realizing the impactof agricultural growth is slow and may not be sufficient to growing population cause a rapid reduction in malnutrition

The current market for quinoa in India is limited. A widespread effort is necessary to educate people in the India about what quinoa is and how to cook it before the market will expand a great deal.

OP 141 Transcriptome analysis in peripheral blood leukocytes of heat stressed Zebu cattle (Tharparkar) reveals that heat stress altered the genes of immune and glycolysis pathways Vamsikrishna Kolli1., Upadhyay R.C2., Dheer Singh1 1. Molecular endocrinology lab, Animal biochemistry Division, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana, India. 2. Stress physiology lab, Animal Physiology Division, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana, India.

Abstract High temperature during summer greatly affects animal production due to altered reproductive and metabolic functions. It is widely accepted that changes in gene expression are an integral part of the cellular response to thermal stress. However, information regarding high throughput analysis of change in gene expression in diary animals are relatively nil. In the present study, gene expression profiling was done in peripheral blood leukocytesof heat exposed (420C, 4h)cattle(n=3), Tharparkar (Bos indicus). Bovine gene chip microarray(containing ~23,000 targets) was used for the array study. A total 460 transcripts were differentially expressed with a fold change of ≥2. Of these, nearly 210 transcripts were found to be up regulated and 250 genes were down regulated. Up regulated genes were mainly covers the stress response genes (HSPs, PPID, OLR1), and down regulated transcripts covers key genes of carbohydrate metabolism (ENO3, TPI1, PFKL, ALDOC).Randomly selected real-time validation showed that 73.08% correlation with micro array data. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further analysed by bioinformatics. Functional annotation and pathway study of the DEGs reveals that the up-regulated genes significantly (P<0.05) affect the protein folding and NOD like receptor pathways while down regulated genes were significantly (P<0.05) found to associated with Glycolytic pathway genes by heat stress. In conclusion, the present study showed that heat stress affects expression of a significant number of the genes in peripheral blood leukocytes of diverse biological functions and further analysis is required to understand their functional role in livestock during heat stress. Key words: heat stress, Tharparkar, microarray, validation OP 142 Molecular Characterization of Recombinant Inbred Lines of Wheat for Resistance to Karnal Bunt (Neovossia indica) Using ISSR Markers.

MAMTA GUPTA*, VEENA CHAWLA, NEELAM. R. YADAV, INDU SHARMA and BUNTY SHARMA.

Department of Biochemistry, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana126116

ABSTRACT

In the present investigation 94 recombinant inbred lines from wheat cross Aldan (resistant) and WH542 (susceptible), were used. There was significant variation among all the recombinant inbred lines for coefficient of infection of Karnal bunt. The chi-square analysis indicated that a single dominant gene was responsible for Karnal bunt resistance. Thirty five inter simple sequence repeat primers were used for amplification of DNA from the two parents. ISSR markers based finger print database were generated using 25 primers. Out of 25, six primers showed 100% polymorphism. A total of 193 alleles were detected at 25 ISSR loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4-14 with an average of 7.72 alleles per locus. The two parents were genetically diverse (similarity coefficient 0.419). The cluster analysis led to distribution into two groups: group 1 had resistant parent Aldan and group 2 had susceptible parent WH542, resistant bulk and susceptible bulk. Among all the primers used one primer (IS-43) was identified to be associated with Karnal bunt resistance. This showed an amplification profile (650 bp product) characteristic of resistant parent, in corresponding bulk and in individual genotyping of the recombinant inbred lines. This might have an application in marker assisted selection after converting it to SCAR marker.

OP 143 NUTRACEUTICALS FOR PREVENTION OF DISEASES M.SRAVANTHI, Department of Biochemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna Uniuversity Email: [email protected] Fundamental level, food is viewed as a source of nutrition to meet daily requirements at a minimum in order to survive. There is an ever-growing interest in functional foods and Nutraceutical both which may provide a health benefits including the prevention and treatment of disease” and further to reduce health care costs and support economic development in rural communities.. A growing body indicates that food components can influence physiological processes at all stages of life. The phrase "Let food be the medicine and medicine be the food," coined by Hippocrates over 2500 years ago is receiving a lot of interest today as food scientists and consumers realize the many health benefits of certain foods especially form plant sources that aid specific food technology.

Healthiness of the eye is one of an important area in which plant based nutraceuticals such as are playing a crucial role in the health and disease progression such as Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Pycnogenol, Alpha Lipoic acid along with other antioxidants. Lutein and zeaxanthin—dipolar, terminally dihydroxylated carotenoids— selectively accumulate at an extremely high concentration in membranes of the primate eye retina which can impede the onset of age-related macular degeneration and even in eye development in the last trimester and for six months after birth. These are recently added to the list of potentially beneficial nutrients provided by leafy Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 147 green such as Klae, Spinach, Broccoli, lettuce and from Marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta). In nature, lutein and zeaxanthin appear to absorb excess light energy to prevent damage to plants and humans also.

OP 144 EFFECT OF BISPHENOL – A ON OXIDATIVE STRESS DURING GERMINATION OF MUNG BEAN SEEDLINGS

Dr.K.Padmaja, Dr.P.Eswara Prasad, Dr.K.Jayasree and Dr.J.Sravani

Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, SVVU, Tirupati- 517502

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Plants absorb BPA through soil and it is translocated to stems and leaves. BPA has been shown to exert estrogenic effects in animals, but its effect in plants was not known. And hence the focus of this paper is to examine the effect of BPA on oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll and carotenoids levels. Mung bean (Phaseolus vulgaris-L) seedlings were treated with different concentrations of BPA ( 0.4 mM and 0.7 mM) and control treated with distilled water. Experiments were carried out on 3rd ,4th and 5th day during germination period.

- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2 are formed at higher rates under stress leads to impairment of various physiological & biochemical processes in the cell. To reduce the ROS, plants developed various enzymatic & non enzymatic protective mechanisms. Plants can respond to their stress through their antioxidant system which is composed of non – enzymatic antioxidants like glutathione and the enzymes, superoxide

- dismutase capable of detoxifying the O2 and of transforming it into H2O2, which later will be eliminated by the

- action of catalase, GPx, etc. The highest amount of O2 in plants cells are formed in chloroplasts and hence chlorophyll & carotenoids were estimated during 3rd 4th & 5th day of germination. Our results show that BPA treatment significantly reduced the MDA formation. Percentage of inhibition was 32% and 52% on 3 rd day at 0.4 mM & 0.7 mM BPA concentration respectively. Where as on 4th & 5th day at 0.7 mM concentration the percentage of inhibition was 74 & 77% respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activities are increased with BPA treatment. The percentage of induction of carotenoids on 3rd day was 12% & 22% at 0.4 mM & 0.7 mM concentration of BPA respectively. Where as it was 53% and 70% on 4th day at 0.4 mM & 0.7 mM concentration respectively. Finally our results that BPA conclude at low concentrations is not causing any oxidative damage where as chlorophyll biosynthesis is increased which may be due to cytokinin like activity of BPA in plant system.

Key words: Bisphenol, Chlorophyll, Oxidative Stress, Mungbean seedlings.

OP 145 Preparation of iron rich products using locally available foods

Satya Bhama and S.R Malhotra Department of Food Science, Nutrition & Technology College of Home Science CSK HP Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, H.P. 176062 (India)

Abstract

Iron is an essential mineral used to transport oxygen to all part of our body. A slight deficiency of iron causes anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is a worldwide health problem especially in children, adolescent girls and women. Its chronic deficiency may lead to organ failure. Vegetables especially green leafy ones are good sources of iron. Iron absorption of foods can be increased by eating vitamin C rich foods in our daily diet. Keeping above facts in mind few commonly consumed recipes were enriched with iron content by using iron rich foods to develop nutritious recipes namely, Nutritious khichri, Nutritious dalia, Khatta meetha namkeen, Mathri and Paushtic pinni. The recipes were prepared by using locally available foods like dried spinach, dried mustard leaves, dried radish leaves, Bengal gram, sesame seeds, rice flakes, buckwheat, capsicum, cabbage, peas etc. The products were chemically analyzed by using standard methods for iron and vitamin C content. It was observed that iron content of the prepared recipes were found as 5.56,7.98,29.03,14.61 and 20.14 mg/100g whereas, vitamin C content was found 12.35, 32.85, 15.09, 4.75 and 4.35mg/100g on fresh matter basis respectively, in all the recipes. Since these recipes are rich in iron and vitamin C content hence can be useful to combat anemia in the vulnerable groups of the society.

OP 146 Serine proteinase inhibitors from two rainforest legumes: Isolation, biochemical characterization and bioinsecticidal features. Arindam Bhattacharyya1 and Shruti Rai Bhardwaj2 1Department of Science and Technology, Technology Bhawan, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi - 110 016 2Ministry of Environment and Forests, CGO Complex, Lodi Road, New Delhi - 110 003

Abstract

Multiple trade-off directs the co-evolutionary trends among plants and their detractors in tropical rainforests by crafting the defense arsenal of plants against the antagonistic adaptive measures of the herbivores. Reflecting such a trade-off, rainforest legumes accrue a rich diversity of proteinase inhibitor (PIs) in response to which herbivores constantly evolve disarming mechanisms against these PIs. Two potent serine proteinase inhibitors were isolated and characterized from the seeds of the two rainforest legumes of Great Nicobar Island, Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 149

Archidendron ellipticum (AeTI) and Caesalpinia bonduc (CbTI–2) by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. SDS–PAGE analysis showed that both AeTI and CbTI–2 are single polypeptide chains with a molecular mass of ~20 kDa. Further, AeTI and CbTI–2 resolved into four (pI: 4.55, 5.34 and 5.72) and two (pI: 5.35 and 4.6) isoinhibitors, respectively. Enzyme-PI interactive nature of AeTI indicated a 1:1 molar ratio for both trypsin and chymotrypsin, whereas only trypsin-CbTI–2 interaction followed a 1:1 molar ratio. Dixon plots revealed inhibition constants (Ki) of AeTI and CbTI–2 as 1.7 × 10-10 M (trypsin) / 1.25 × 10-10 M (chymotrypsin) and 2.75 × 10-10 M (trypsin) / 0.95 × 10-10 M (chymotrypsin), respectively. N-terminal sequence of AeTI and CbTI–2 showed over 40% similarity with numerous Kunitz-type inhibitors of the Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioideae subfamily, respectively. Circular Dichroism (CD) spectrum of both AeTI and CbTI–2 revealed an unordered structure. Bio-insecticidal properties of both the PIs (singly as well as in combination) towards the inhibition of larval proteases, larval growth rate and proportion of survivors of Spodoptera litura larvae respectively, at different developmental stages indicated both the PIs to be highly potent insect antifeedants.

OP 147 Roles of Genetically Modified Foods in Food Security

Suseela Lanka, Bhanu D, Dr. J. Naveena Lavanya Latha.

Department of Biochemistry, KRU Dr. MRAR PG Centre, Nuzvid.

Abstract

Genetically modified foods (GM foods) are foods produced from genetically modified organisms (GMOs), specifically, genetically modified crops. GMOs are produced by introducing specific changes into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. For centuries, food crops and animals have been altered through selective breeding. While genes can be transferred during selective breeding, the scope for exchanging genetic material is much wider using genetic engineering. The global population is expected to reach 9 billion people, requiring 70% more food than what is produced today by 2050. Food security is needed for growing population which cannot be met by conventional breeding methods because of limited land resources and other environmental conditions. GM Foods are the only way to meet the required food demand. Globally, GM crops still occupy only 3.4 percent of the total farmland. In India, 9.4 million hectares of GM crops were sown in 2010, out of a total of 182 million hectares of irrigated farmland in the country. Governments around the world are placing strict regulations on genetically modified foods. People around the globe are having many doubts and myths regarding the safety of GM foods. This could be due to false and misleading labeling of foods like’ GM FREE

FOODS’. In this context the current study is undertaken to know the awareness of educated community and their perceptions regarding the consumption of GM Foods by preparing a questionnaire.

Key Words: GM Foods, Selective breeding, DNA, Genetic Engineering, Food security.

OP 148 CYBERPLASM M. Padmavathamma1*, K.Asha Jyothi 2C. Naresh Babu3, S. Triveni3 1.Department of pharmacy, Sri Padmavathi Women’s Polytechnic, Tirupati, A.P 2. College of physiotherapy SVIMS, Tirupati 3. Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), K.R.Palli Cross, Ananthapuramu-515721(A.P). Email ID: [email protected] ABSTRACT

The latest technological breakthrough in the field of medical electronics comes in the form of a tiny prototype robot that functions like a living creature which can be used to pinpoint diseases within the human body. This micro-bot, called CYBERPLASM, fuses together microelectronics and biomimicry. The researchers are hoping to model the Cyberplasm off the sea lamprey, a jawless fish that dwells mainly in the Atlantic Ocean. It has a very simple nervous system, which makes it easier to simulate with electronics. The Cyberplasm’s sensors are being developed to respond to external stimuli by converting them into electronic impulses that are sent to an electronic ‘brain’ equipped with sophisticated microchips. This brain will then send the electronic messages to the artificial muscles guiding them as to how to contract and relax, thus enabling the robot to navigate its way safely inside the human body using an undulating motion. The micro-bot is sensitive to its environment and is capable of swimming around inside the body, which enables it to check for tumors or blood clots, for instance, or find chemical signatures of a range of diseases. This data can be collected and stored via these systems for later recovery by the robot’s operators. The Cyberplasm prototypes are expected to be less than 1cm long, with future versions being potentially built on a nanometer scale.

Key words: Micro-bot, Cyberplasm, Biomimicry, Sea Lamprey, Microchips.

OP 149 EFFECT OF SALT STRESS ON ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN RICE UNDER DIRECT SEEDED CONDITION Roopam Mishra and S.P. Singh Department of Crop Physiology, Narendra Dev University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj-224229, Faizabad, (U.P.), India Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts 151

The present investigation entitled effect of salt stress on antioxidant enzymes in rice under direct seeded condition was conducted during 2008-09 and 2009-10 at the experimental site of the Department of Crop physiology, Narendra Dev University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.). The experiment was carried out in pot culture with six varieties of rice, CSR23, CSR27, Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5083 (salt tolerant), ,IR 2, and IR 29 (salt intolerant), two soil types viz., normal and sodic. The experiment was laid under complete randomized block design with three replications. Results of the experiment revealed that antioxidant enzymes like CAT, POX, SOD and APX increased under sodic condition as compared to normal soil. Tolerent varieties, CSR 23, CSR27 and Usar Dhan 3 exhibited higher increase in above enzymes than susceptible varieties. The results indicate that induction SOD, CAT, POX and APX activity in tolerant cultivar contributed to its salt tolerant characteristic.

OP 150 Molecular characterization of Endophytic bacteria Isolated from root of different cultivated crops

R A Bhadania, A M Parkhia* and H P Gajera

Department of Biotechnology, and *Director of Extension Education, Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh: 362001

Abstract:

Plant-associated bacteria that live inside plant tissues without causing any harm to plants are defined as endophytic bacteria. Endophyte was successfully isolated and characterized based on their morphological and biochemical characters. The biochemical parameters viz., IAA production and phosphate solubilisation were studied from endophytic isolates. The result showed that IAA production is ranged from highest 9.16μM.ml-1 (cluster bean) to lowest 0.47μM.ml-1(pearl millet). All endophytes solubilised phosphate. Total 12 RAPD primers generated 119 bands having 97.5 % polymorphism with an average of 9.92 bands per primer. Among the screened primers OPA-13, OPA-16, OPB-11, OPC-04, OPD-07, OPF-09, OPJ-06, OPM-12 and OPP-13 demonstrated 100% polymorphism. RAPD analysis using random primers showed presence of high level of polymorphism. The calculated PIC values were ranged from 0.726 to 0.905. On the bases of PIC value, primer OPC-13 gave best results for characterization of endophytic isolates. The dendrogram generated three main clusters that consisted all the endophytes grouped together in their respective sub-cluster.

Key words: Endophytic bacteria, indole acetic acid (IAA), phosphate solubilization, random amplified polymorphic RAPD

The program was financed by

Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi

Indian Council for Agriculture Research to ISAB, New Delhi

Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati

Local Sponsors

Bros Scienentifics, Tirupati

Indian Scientifics, Tirupati

SSR Scientics, Tirupati

Siva Swaraj Scientifics, Tirupati

BV Subba Reddy, LIC Ratna, Tirupati

Sri Venkateswara University & Indian Society of Agriculture Biochemists ICBBFN 2013Abstracts