DOCSLIB.ORG

Genetic Variation Conflicts with Morphological Boundaries in Iberian Narcissus L. Species Jordan Bilsborrow | John David | Kálmán Könyves | Alastair Culham

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genetic Variation Conflicts with Morphological Boundaries in Iberian Narcissus L. Species Jordan Bilsborrow | John David | Kálmán Könyves | Alastair Culham Genetic variation conflicts with morphological boundaries in Iberian Narcissus L. species Jordan Bilsborrow | John David | Kálmán Könyves | Alastair Culham Introduction Results Daffodils are a common garden plant, and therefore • There is no separation into the key species of the N. minor group economically important to horticulture. Accurate identification using matk, however there is geographical structure (fig. 2a). and classification of garden plants relies upon an accurate • Microsatellite data reveals low levels of diversity (eMLG=9.99; taxonomy. However, the taxonomy of Narcissus is largely H =0.33; H =0.45), and interbreeding amongst populations unresolved. Classifications using morphology and cytology have o e (F =0.29). resulted in 16 to 150 recognised taxa. Recent molecular studies1 st conflict with the morphological boundaries. Prevalent natural • There is admixture between samples which fall into clusters 2 and hybridisation further compounds the complexity of the genus2. 4 (fig. 2b), with no separation of the morphologically distinct N. cyclamineus. The closely related N. jacetanus and N. provincialis, fall This project focusses on the Narcissus minor group (fig. 1), part of into clusters 1 and 3 respectively. sect. Pseudonarcissus, to reveal natural levels of variation and population structure across the northern Iberian Peninsula. N. N. cyclamineus N. jacetanus N. asturiensis minor L. Fern. Fern. Casas ( Jord DC. a .) .) Pugsley Figure 1 Four key taxa belonging to the Narcissus minor group. Aims: 1. To explore the natural variation of the Narcissus minor group b (sect. Pseudonarcissus); using DNA sequencing and microsatellites. Figure 2 (a) Geographic distribution of matK haplotypes for Narcissus minor group taxa. (b) Geographic distribution of DAPC clusters. 2. To utilise NGS for chloroplast genomics and future marker development. Methods 605 samples were collected from 53 populations, under permit, across the distribution range. DNA was extracted from silica stored leaf material using a modified CTAB protocol. DNA sequencing: Figure 3 Draft chloroplast genome of • Chloroplast DNA regions (matK, ndhF, ycf1) were sequenced for Conclusions Narcissus poeticus. either all samples, or representatives of each population. The results reveal the genetic complexity in section Pseudonarcissus. • TCS haplotype networks were constructed from the sequence DNA sequencing and microsatellite data reveal conflicting results, dataset. which in turn conflicts with morphological taxonomic boundaries, also 3 DNA fingerprinting: found in Scilla . Whole chloroplast genomes (fig. 3), produced in this project will be key to mining a robust marker set, for a comprehensive • Eleven microsatellite loci were amplified for all samples. reclassification in the future. Robust markers from nuclear and cpDNA • PCR products were sized against Liz500 ladder using capillary genomes can be used to understand prevalent hybridisation. electrophoresis (ABI 3730cl DNA analyzer). • Bin ranges for the amplified loci were scored in Geneious 11.0.3 Contact information microsatellite plugin. • RNG herbarium, School of Biological Sciences, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AS. • Email: [email protected] | @j_Bilsborrow • Genetic diversity estimates were analysed in R, package ‘poppr’, and DAPC analysis undertaken in ‘adegenet’. STRUCTURE was References 1. Marques, I. et al. (2017) Taxon 66 (4): 832-854; 2. Blanchard, J. (1990) Narcissus a guide to wild daffodils; 3. Speta, F. (1979) Webbia 34: 419-431 used alongside DAPC to assess support..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • APPROVED PLANT LIST Midtown Alliance Tree Well Adoption Program
    APPROVED PLANT LIST Midtown Alliance Tree Well Adoption Program Midtown Alliance launched the Tree Well Adoption program with the primary goal of enriching the experience of Midtown’s workers and residents while encouraging sustainability through the use of low-water, urban tolerant plant species. This list of plants was created to aid individuals and organizations in selecting plant material to plant in their adopted tree wells. This plant list is intended to encourage individual character in the tree wells, rather than restrict creativity in the selection of plants. The plants on the approved list were selected based on the following criteria: • Perennial. All plants listed are perennial, meaning they last for two or more growing seasons. Once established, these plants will require less water to maintain than annuals. • Heat tolerant. Plants in tree wells are exposed to high temperatures caused by vehicles and heat reflected from surrounding buildings, asphalt, and other urban surfaces. They must also be tolerant to high daytime temperatures, typical of Atlanta’s summer months, and cold hardy in the winter months. Atlanta is located in USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 7b/8a. • Water wise. Urban tree wells are surrounded by impervious surfaces and thus, are highly susceptible to periods of drought. Suitable plants must be able to survive periods of low rainfall. • Pollution tolerant. Vehicle exhaust may leave deposits and pollutants on plant foliage, which can kill sensitive plants. • Encourage wildlife. Flowering plants attract insects such as butterflies while others provide food sources for birds and other wildlife. • Grown locally. Many of the plants listed are native to the Atlanta area, and all can be found at local nurseries.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ROYAL HO SOCIETY RTICULT^^ Libris Fin J at KEYS
    THE ROYAL HO RTICULT^^ LiBRIS SOCIETY Fin J AT KEYS TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED TAXA OF THE GENUS NARCISSUS L. A. Fernandes Reprinted from Daffodil and Tulip Year Book ig68 Price 4s. KEYS TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED TAXA OF THE GENUS NARCISSUS L. A. Fernandes* Botanical Institute, University of Coimbra, Portugal INTRODUCTION R Patrick M. Synge, editor of the Daffodil and Tulip Year Book, M had the kindness to ask me, on behalf of the Year Book Com­ mittee, to draw up keys for the identification of the spontaneous and naturalized taxa of the genus Narcissus for publication in the review which he produces so proficiently. Although well aware of the difficulty of the task, I accepted his request, but I have to admit that the present keys, in spite of every effort to make them a reasonable working instru­ ment, do not completely satisfy me, and I am sure that they will not satisfy in all respects the numerous admirers of these lovely plants. Allow me, however, to point out the difficulties with which I have had to struggle as these may, to some extent, absolve me for the hardi­ hood which led me to undertake such a work. Among them I will cite: i. Difficulties in dealing with the hybrids. The species of Narcissus cross with great facility and many spon­ taneous hybrids occur. Furthermore, numerous hybrids have been pro­ duced artificially and some of these have escaped from cultivation, becoming spontaneous in many places. Hybrids of both types have been included in the keys.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- ACORACEAE
    Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- ACORACEAE ACORACEAE Martinov 1820 (Calamus Family) The family consists only of Acorus. References: Thompson in FNA (2000); Bogner & Mayo in Kubitzki (1998b). Acorus Linnaeus 1753 (Calamus, Sweetflag) A genus of 2-4 species, widespread in north temperate and subtropical regions. Although traditionally treated as part of the Araceae, recent evidence strongly suggests that Acorus should be segregated in a separate family. A wide variety of morphological, anatomical, and embryological evidence supports the segregation of the Acoraceae (Grayum 1987), a segregation additionally supported by molecular studies (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993). The spathe in Acorus is not morphologically equivalent to the spathe of the Araceae. References: Thompson in FNA (2000); Grayum 1987. 1 Midvein of the leaves not well-developed, about equally as prominent as the lateral veins; mature fruits produced . ..................................................................................... A. americanus 1 Midvein of the leaves well-developed, distinctly more prominent than the lateral veins; mature fruits not produced A. calamus Acorus americanus (Rafinesque) Rafinesque, American Calamus, Sweetflag. Cp (GA?, VA), Mt (GA): marshes, wet meadows, other wet areas, limey seeps; rare (GA Special Concern). May-June. Widespread in ne. North America. This species is apparently a fertile diploid. Because this species has not generally been recognized in floras, its distribution is poorly known; additional distributional records should be expected and sought. [= FNA, K; A. calamus Linnaeus -- RAB, C, F, G, GW, in part; A. americanus -- W, in part] * Acorus calamus Linnaeus, European Calamus, Sweetflag. Cp, Pd, Mt (NC, SC, VA): marshes, wet meadows, other wet areas; uncommon, introduced from Eurasia, now widespread in e.
    [Show full text]
  • Poet's Daffodil
    THE STORIES IN A POET’S DAFFODIL Narcissus poeticus (Poet's Daffodil, Nargis, Pheasant's Eye, Findern Flower, and Pinkster Lily) was one of the first daffodils to be cultivated, and is frequently identified as the narcissus of ancient times—often associated with the Greek legend of Narcissus. Poet’s daffodil is native and prominent in the meadows of Poiana Brasov, a part of the Transylvanian region in Romania. Extremely fragrant, with a ring of petals in pure white and a short corona of light yellow with a distinct reddish edge, Poet's Daffodil grows to 20 to 40 cm (7.9 to 15.7 in) tall and is widely naturalized in North America and Europe. Poet's Daffodil is cultivated in the Netherlands and southern France for its essential oil, narcissus oil, one of the most popular fragrances used in perfumes. Narcissus oil is used as a principal ingredient in 11% of modern quality perfumes—including 'Fatale' and 'Samsara'—as a floral concrete or absolute. The oil's fragrance resembles a combination of jasmine and hyacinth. The earliest mention of Poet's Daffodil is likely in the botanical writings of Theophrastus (371 – c. 287 BCE), who wrote about a spring-blooming narcissus that the Loeb Classical Library editors identify as Narcissus poeticus. The poet Virgil, in his fifth Eclogue, also wrote about a narcissus whose description corresponds with that of Narcissus poeticus. In one version of the myth about the Greek hero Narcissus, he was punished by the Goddess of vengeance, Nemesis, who turned him into a Narcissus flower.
    [Show full text]
  • February 2020
    Weeder’s Digest February 2020 Jonquils Daffodils Daffodils Narcissus The herald of spring In this issue: North Chapter News .......... 8 Weed of the Month ............. 16 Upcoming Events ................... 2 South Chapter News .......... 9 Pre-emergents ................... 17 MGCG Website ...................... 5 Cover story ........................ 12 MG Program classes.......... 19 MGCG Grant Report .............. 6 Spring Bloomers ................ 15 February Trivia ................... 22 The Weeder’s Digest February 2020 Upcoming Events Master Gardener Trip Saturday, February 22, 2020 ATLANTA BOTANICAL GARDEN AND FLOWER SHOW Here are reminders and information for those who have re- served a seat on the now-full bus for our trip to Atlanta: Where and When to catch the bus: • Meet the group at the Am Star 16 Cinema, 5996 Zebulon Road, Macon, GA (off I-475) • Park on the WEST side of theatre. (I-475 side) • The bus will arrive at 8:00 a.m. and leave promptly at 8:30 am! Arrive and be ready to board by 8:15. • Gene Youmans is the driver and a friend of Master Gardeners. We will be in good hands! • Our time in the Garden is self-guided. You will be given maps and information upon check-in. Snacks Feel free to bring a personal size cooler with beverage or food of your choice for the bus ride. (Consider bringing enough to share!) Please Note: NO beverages and food are allowed within Gardens per Garden Policy. Any questions about layout of gardens, restaurant, rules, etc., please check their website: www.atlantabg.org. Dining at the Gardens: Longleaf Restaurant is available for sit down dining during regular Garden hours.
    [Show full text]
  • A Three-Genome Five-Gene Comprehensive Phylogeny of The
    1 A three-genome five-gene comprehensive phylogeny of the 2 bulbous genus Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae) challenges current 3 classifications and reveals multiple hybridization events 4 5 Isabel Marques1,2*, Javier Fuertes Aguilar3, Maria Amélia Martins-Louçao4, Farideh 5 3 6 Moharrek , Gonzalo Nieto Feliner 7 1Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, High Polytechnic School of 8 Huesca, University of Zaragoza, Carretera Cuarte km 1, 22071 Huesca, Spain. 9 2UBC Botanical Garden & Centre for Plant Research and Department of Botany, 10 University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Blvd, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, 11 Canada. 12 3Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, Madrid 28014, Spain. 13 4Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes. Faculdade de Ciências. 14 University of Lisbon. Lisbon, Portugal. 15 5Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares 16 University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran. 17 *Corresponding author: Isabel Marques ([email protected]) 18 19 Running title: A three-genome phylogeny of Narcissus 20 1 21 Abstract 22 Besides being one of the most popular ornamental bulbs in western horticulture, the 23 Mediterranean genus Narcissus has been the subject of numerous studies focusing on a 24 wide scope of topics, including cytogenetics, hybridization and the evolution of 25 polymorphic sexual systems. Phylogenetic hypotheses based on chloroplast data have 26 provided a backbone for the genus but a detailed phylogenetic framework is still 27 lacking. To fill this gap, we present a phylogenetic study of the genus using five 28 markers from three genomes: ndhF and matK (chloroplast DNA), cob and atpA 29 (mitochondrial DNA), and ITS (nuclear ribosomal DNA).
    [Show full text]
  • Narcissus Species and Wild Hybrids
    4- Narcissus Species and Wild Hybrids The following covers the wild species the system used throughout this Hand- and wild hybrids. They are grouped in book. Div. 10 of the Classified List and Inter- The genus Narcissus of the family national Register of Daffodil Names A maryilidaceae comprises 25 species in (1965) the present listing. Some authors list 30 Interest in growing Narcissus spans sev- or more species. These plants are na- eral hundred years and continues un- tives of the Mediterranean region, some abated to the present day. Despite the extending into central Europe. N. ta- wide popularity and interest in this zetta reportedly extends to China and plant in gardens, no modern botanical Japan. Assertions of the occurrence of treatment of the entire genus exists. tazeita in the Orient and the nebulous Much more collecting to bring together story of the origin of the Chinese Sacred new germ plasm for breeding purposes Lilies need more concentrated study be- and to learn more about the plants in fore acceptance. the wild is needed. With this in mind, I Narcissus is of particular interest to visited areas in Spain, Portugal, France, gardeners because most of the species and Italy in 1957 in part to collect wild may be hybridized with relative ease. Al- Narcissus. One of the interesting re- lowing for polyploidy, the resulting hy- sults of this trip was, for example, that brids will be at least partially fertile. It N. pseudo-norcissus subsp. tortuosus is possible to obtain an almost endless was found in the wild for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Daffodils from the Past Derrick Rooney1
    Daffodils from the past Derrick Rooney1 Discovering a new plant is one of This is relevant because when the In October, when for the first time, the great thrills for the plantsman Barrosa homestead was built the and for a variety of reasons mostly or plantswoman. But sometimes farm buildings were moved to their associated with the farming timetable, rediscovering an old one is even more present site near the confluence of the we were able to schedule a visit at exciting. Stour and the Ashburton River south daffodil time, their display was simply branch, a journey of about 12 km. stunning. At least it was for me in mid-October This must have been a massive and (2014) in the former homestead Before Barrosa changed hands three difficult undertaking with horses and garden of Barrosa Station near the years ago the previous owner, a drays because at that time there was Stour River in the Ashburton Gorge bachelor, had been living in the huge no bridge over the Ashburton River district of Mid-Canterbury. homestead for about 30 years, during where it bisects the Lake Heron basin. which time his horticultural activities The 25-room homestead was The only trace of the buildings at were apparently largely confined to damaged in the 2010 earthquake and Castleridge today is an open space in mowing the grass, trimming hedges, has been unoccupied for three years the middle of the stand of pine, larch, and occasionally grazing sheep under since the 2000 ha-plus property, which spruce and Sierra redwood trees that the trees to control tree suckers and had completed tenure review, was still do a good job of sheltering the brushweeds.
    [Show full text]
  • 5. Research in Natural Products: Amaryllidaceae Ornamental Plants As Sources of Bioactive Compounds
    Research Signpost Trivandrum Kerala, India Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences VII, 2017: 69-82 ISBN: 978-81-308-0573-3 Editors: Diego Muñoz-Torrero, Montserrat Riu and Carles Feliu 5. Research in natural products: Amaryllidaceae ornamental plants as sources of bioactive compounds Laura Torras-Claveria, Luciana Tallini, Francesc Viladomat, and Jaume Bastida Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Farmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Abstract. Amaryllidaceae plants are known for their ornamental flowers all over the word, but they also have a medicinal value owing to their exclusive group of alkaloids. The Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have a wide range of important biological activities, notably anti-tumoral, anti-parasitic, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. This review focuses on the chemical characteristics of Amaryllidaceae plants and alkaloids, as well as the different methodologies applied in their study, including promising new docking studies. Introduction Amaryllidaceae plants are known for their outstanding attractive flowers (Figure 1), and are widely used and cultivated for ornamental purposes. For example, Narcissus species are extensively cultivated and exported for Correspondence/Reprint request: Dr. Jaume Bastida, Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain E-mail: [email protected] 70 Laura Torras-Claveria et al. ornamental use in the UK and the Netherlands, as are Lycoris species in China and Japan, while Crinum species are appreciated for their lily-like flowers [1]. Figure 1. Hymenocallis spp. (Amaryllidaceae) from Venezuela Amaryllidaceae plants also have a long history of use for medicinal purposes. The specific type of alkaloids they contain, named Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, display a wide range of biological activities such as antiviral, antimalarial, anticancer and anticholinesterasic [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Inverted Repeat Expansion and the Degradation of the Ndh
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.21.449227; this version posted June 21, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Comparative plastomics of Amaryllidaceae: Inverted 2 repeat expansion and the degradation of the ndh 3 genes in Strumaria truncata Jacq. 4 5 6 Kálmán Könyves1, 2*, Jordan Bilsborrow2, Maria D. Christodoulou3, Alastair 7 Culham2, and John David1 8 9 1 Royal Horticultural Society, RHS Garden Wisley, Woking, United Kingdom 10 2 Herbarium, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom 11 3 Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 12 13 Corresponding Author: 14 Kálmán Könyves 15 Email address: [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.21.449227; this version posted June 21, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 16 Abstract 17 18 Amaryllidaceae is a widespread and distinctive plant family contributing both food and 19 ornamental plants. Here we present an initial survey of plastomes across the family and report on 20 both structural rearrangements and gene losses. Most plastomes in the family are of similar gene 21 arrangement and content however some taxa have shown gains in plastome length while in 22 several taxa there is evidence of gene loss.
    [Show full text]
  • NYFA Newsletter New York Flora Association of the New York State Museum Associates
    June,1998 NYFA Newsletter New York Flora Association of the New York State Museum Associates Richard S. Mitchell, Editor, New York State Museum Correspondence to NYFA, 3140 CEC, Albany, NY 12230 Vol. 9 No.2 e-mail: rmitche3@mail,oysed.gov Join $15 - Dues $10 Aliens in Our Midst: More on Cultivars Loose in the Wildes of New York by Warren F. Broderick On several occasions in 1997, field botanists working on a floristic survey of Grafton Lakes State Park, for the Rensselaer-Taconic Land Conservancy, approached me, seeking identifications for fonner garden escapes that had become naturalized into the park's flora. With my avid interest in historic garden and landscape plants of the Northeast, I feel far more comfortable identifying these cultivated species than, say, a problematic grass or sedge. The specimen in question was a graceful plant with slender, glabrous, linear-lanceolate leaves and attractive, white, broadly bell-shaped flowers -- one of a population of plants that had spread from an old garden to a nearby grassy, roadside bank. Since the project botanists had not encountered it previously, this plant seemed truly alien in appearance to them. I recognized it as the cultivated variety "alba" of Campanula persicifolia L., the "willow bellflower," a popular, herbaceous perennial of old-fashioned American gardens. It is best described in Bailey's Garden of Bellflowers (1953), along with an excellent botanical drawing by the author. While C. persicifolia is uncommon, it is by no means rare in our flora as a garden escape, and is included in Mitcheli and Tucker ( 1997), but not listed in either Gleason ( 1952) nor in Gleason and Cronquist (1991).
    [Show full text]
  • The Complete Chloroplast Genome of Narcissus Poeticus L. (Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllidoideae)
    Mitochondrial DNA Part B Resources ISSN: (Print) 2380-2359 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tmdn20 The complete chloroplast genome of Narcissus poeticus L. (Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllidoideae) Kálmán Könyves, Jordan Bilsborrow, John David & Alastair Culham To cite this article: Kálmán Könyves, Jordan Bilsborrow, John David & Alastair Culham (2018) The complete chloroplast genome of Narcissuspoeticus L. (Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllidoideae), Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 3:2, 1137-1138, DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1521311 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1521311 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Published online: 08 Oct 2018. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 100 View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tmdn20 MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B 2018, VOL. 3, NO. 2, 1137–1138 https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1521311 MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT The complete chloroplast genome of Narcissus poeticus L. (Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllidoideae) Kalman Konyves€ a , Jordan Bilsborrowb , John Davida and Alastair Culhamb aRoyal Horticultural Society Garden Wisley, Woking, United Kingdom; bHerbarium, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The first complete chloroplast genome sequence for Narcissus is assembled and annotated in this Received 3 August 2018 study. The total length of the N. poeticus chloroplast genome is 160,099 bp and comprises the large Accepted 31 August 2018 single copy (LSC) spanning 86,445 bp, the small single copy (SSC) spanning 16,434 bp, and two inverted KEYWORDS repeat regions each of 28,610 bp length.
    [Show full text]