Cellular Respiration Reading Guide

Cellular Respiration Reading Guide Read Chapter 6 Print notes from my website Sections Intro to 6.7 due Thursday, the rest is due Friday. Make sure as you are reading in the green book that you are looking at the questions and answers marked in the special boxes designated with the red ?

Intro:  What is the difference between marathon runners and sprinters in their muscle fibers?  What are three characteristics of slow-twitch fibers that support their “lifestyle”?  1.

 2.

 3.

 Considering the color and function of the breast of a turkey, what type of fibers are mostly being used?

 What is the disadvantage of using lots of fast twitch muscles even though they would make you more powerful?

6.1  Why is oxygen and general breathing deeply so important that they now have oxygen bars? What would the benefits of this be?

6.2  What percentage of the cellular energy from glucose being broken down is lost? Where does it go (what form?)  How is cellular respiration analogous to a car using gasoline? (list three similarities)

6.3  How many kcal (normal food calories) does a “typical person” use per day?

6.4-6.5  What is the overall formula for cellular respiration? Is it endergonic or exergonic?

 Where does the energy come from make the ATP in cellular respiration?

 What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?

 How is oxidation of methane like cellular respiration? Why must cellular respiration be controlled in a stepwise fashion and not completed all at once?

 What is a redox reaction?

 When an molecule or atom gains an electron is it reduced or oxidized?

 When NAD+ is reduced what does it become? Considering the charge on H+ that is added and the charge on the original NAD+, how many electrons are added? Write the balanced equation for this.

6.6  What is meant by an electron carrier?  What is meant by an electron acceptor?  What is meant by an electron transport chain?  What is meant by the “final” electron acceptor?  What happens to electrons as they are passed down the electron transport chain?

6.7  What is phosphorylation? What is the product of phosphorylation in cellular respiration? How does that relate to the ability of the body and cells to do work?

 In aerobic cellular respiration, for each glucose molecule 4 ATP are made by substrate level phosphorylation and 32-36 ATP are made by oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis). Explain the difference between the two.

 What are the three steps for aerobic cellular respiration?

6.8-6.12 and 6.14 Complete this chart. Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle Electron Transport Chain

#ATP required (used up)

# ATP produced

Net ATP produced

# CO2 molecules released # H20 molecules released

NADH produced

Oxygen needed?

Where it occurs?

Place the following events in order:

____ ATP synthase makes ATP ____ NADH drops of an electron to the first cytochrome protein in the ETC ____ H+ is pumped actively into the intermembrane space by the energy lost by transferring electrons ____ H+ begins to flow back through the ATP synthase into the mitochondrial matrix ____ oxygen is reduced to become water

 What is the final electron acceptor of the chain?

 Why is this build up of concentration sometimes called A proton motive force? An electrochemical gradient?

 What happens to the pH of the intermembrane space?

 How many ATP are made from 1 NADH? 1 FADH2?

6.13  What are the three types of poisons discussed and how would each result in less ATP and ultimately death or sickness? o 1 o 2 o 3

Why would so many poisons 6.15  What are the two steps of ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION?  How many ATP are produced in each step?  What is the other product of the first step?  What causes bread to rise when it does anaerobic respiration?

 NAD+ is regenerated when oxygen is present by allowing NADH to pass its electrons to the electron transport chain. Explain how feedback inhibition causes muscle cells to revert to fermentation when not enough oxygen is present. Why is this good?

 Why must vintners seal the “must” (yeast, grape juice mixture) in airless tanks when making wine?

 Why do your legs develop cramps if you run for a long time?

6.16-6.17  Fats, polysaccharides, and proteins can all be converted into what molecules that can enter the aerobic respiration pathway?

 If ATP is the cash of the cell: What molecule is the paycheck that can be converted into cash? What molecule is the long term CD that is stored in the bank? What molecule is the checking account that has occasional withdrawls throughout the month?

 Write two sentences describing the interconnectedness of the macromolecules in diet and in construction considering the diagrams given.

6.18.  What is the ultimate source of energy for all ATP production?

Do the multiple choice questions at the end of the chapter (page 107)

1___ 2___ 3____ 4____ 5____ 6____

Do question number 3 on page 7 in the “thinking like a scientist” section.