BIOL 202 Principles of Biology II: Unit 1 Learning Objectives

BIOL 202 Principles of Biology II: Unit 1 28. Differentiate between intercellular junctions. Learning Objectives 29. Differentiate between types of cell import B. Krumhardt, Ph.D. and export. Unit I includes biochemicals, enzymes, cells, 30. Summarize characteristics of cellular signal cellular respiration, metabolism, and transduction. molecular genetics. 31. Differentiate between oxidation and When you are prepared for Exam I, you will be reduction reactions. able to: 32. Summarize bioenergetics. 1. Identify the universal solvent of life. 33. Summarize chemiosmotic phosphorylation 2. Differentiate between acids and bases by 34. Identify the main steps in aerobic cellular description. respiration, their starting 3. Identify the role of buffers in homeostasis. molecules, and their products. 4. Identify the major elements of life. 35. Identify the site of each step of cellular 5. Identify the definitions of: formula, isomer, respiration polymer, condensation, hydrolysis. 36. Identify feedback mechanisms of cellular 6. Differentiate between the classes of respiration. macromolecules of life. 37. Characterize anaerobic respiration and 7. Identify characteristics of monosaccharides, fermentation. disaccharides, and 38. Identify the processes that allow cells to polysaccharides. obtain energy from proteins, 8. Identify characteristics of triglycerides, carbohydrates, and lipids. phospholipids, and sterols; 39. Interpret the results obtained in Hershey and differentiate between monounsaturated, Chase's famous experiment. polyunsaturated and saturated 40. Identify the classes of nucleotides, the basic fatty acids. structure of the individual 9. Identify functions of proteins. nucleotides, and which nucleotide base pairs 10. Identify the levels of protein structure; with which in nucleic acids. differentiate between fibrous and 41. Differentiate between the basic structures of globular proteins. DNA and RNA. 11. Differentiate between types of nucleic acids. 42. Delineate the steps and enzymes involved in 12. Characterize the central dogma of biology. DNA replication, identifying why 13. Relate the laws of thermodynamics to DNA replication is considered to be a semi- metabolism in living systems. conservative process. 14. Characterize enzymes and enzymatic 43. Differentiate between transcription and reactions. translation. 15. Characterize enzyme cofactors and 44. Delineate the steps and the main enzyme coenzymes. involved in RNA synthesis. 16. Differentiate between types of enzyme 45. Differentiate between the types of RNA by activity control. description and function. 17. Differentiate between types of microscopes. 46. Use the universal genetic code to work 18. Identify uses of differential centrifugation. molecular genetics problems. 19. Differentiate between types of membrane 47. Delineate the steps and the enzymes involved transport. in protein synthesis. 20. Identify the effects of tonicity on osmosis in 48. Identify the function of polysomes in cells. different types of cells. 49. Identify how and why protein synthesis 21. Characterize cytoplasm. occurs on the rough endoplasmic 22. Characterize bacterial cells. reticulum. 23. Differentiate between organelles by function 50. Differentiate between steps involved in and description. synthesis of proteins that are 24. Explain endosymbiosis. secreted, end up inside organelles, and those that 25. Characterize cytoskeletal components of become part of the plasma cells. membrane or an organelle membrane inside the 26. Differentiate between types of projections on cell. cell surfaces. 51. Identify the reasoning behind the one gene- 27. Characterize cell walls and extracellular one protein hypothesis and the matrix. implications of this hypothesis.