DOCSLIB.ORG

Wiki Education Foundation Monthly Report, October 2015

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wiki Education Foundation Monthly Report, October 2015 Wiki Education Foundation Monthly Report, October 2015 Highlights "WikiConference USA 2015 Group Photo 32" by Geraldshields11 - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons -https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WikiConference_USA_2015_Group_Photo_32.JPG #/media/File:WikiConference_USA_2015_Group_Photo_32.JPG • The Wiki Education Foundation was a proud co-sponsor, alongside the National Archives and Record Administration and the National Archives Foundation, of WikiConference USA 2015. We consider this event a resounding success in achieving its stated goal: Connecting Wikipedians, educators, cultural institution staff, and others to share the work that connects and inspires them. We are grateful to the Wikimedia DC and Wikimedia NYC volunteers whose work made the event possible. • While in Washington, D.C., Wiki Ed hosted its first external fundraising event. Wiki Ed board members and staff made meaningful connections and discussed potentials for future collaborations and funding opportunities. We were immediately invited to host another event, a luncheon in New York, for early November. • We launched a new question-and-answer tool online, ask.wikiedu.org. The tool allows program participants to pose questions about Wikipedia; Wiki Ed staff or volunteers can respond to these questions. This tool has already been used by instructors, and should have an impact on our ability to scale our staff support by providing a database of the most commonly asked questions and answers. • The Classroom Program is now supporting more than 3,000 students in October. This is the largest number of students we have supported to date, and our ability to support quality work from this large of a student group is testament to our great digital tools and staff. • The first Featured Article from a Wikipedia Visiting Scholar was approved in October. Gary Greenbaum, at George Mason University, reached Feature Article status for his work on the Boroughitis article. Featured Article designates one of the highest levels of article quality on Wikipedia. Programs Educational Partnerships & Outreach In early October, Outreach Manager Samantha Erickson met University of San Francisco faculty to discuss the Visiting Scholars program. As a result of that meeting, USF plans to sponsor two Visiting Scholars in 2016. (Photo: Education Partnerships Manager Jami Mathewson speaks at USF). After less than a year of formalizing a partnership with the National Women's Studies Association, Wiki Ed is supporting 25 women's studies courses during the Fall 2015 term — 16% of all supported courses this term. Targeted outreach and support has proven to be a huge success, and we look forward to expanding our partnerships for similar outcomes. At WikiConference USA, Educational Partnerships Manager Jami Mathewson presented her work with the National Women's Studies Association as a model example for the benefits of partnerships with academic associations. Classroom Program Status of the Classroom Program for Fall 2015 in numbers, as of October 31: • 156 Wiki Ed-supported courses had Course Pages (72, or 46%, were led by returning instructors) • 3,250 student editors were enrolled • 2,315 (or 71%) students successfully completed the online training • Students edited 2,330 articles and created 160 new entries The Classroom Program team has been busy working with more than 3,000 enrolled students. This marks our largest number of classes and students to date. We're supporting a considerably larger number of students as compared to spring 2015 (2,290 students). Our course Dashboard and help site, ask.wikiedu.org, have improved the quality of staff support to instructors and enabled us to provide guidance to more students. With most of our students well into the editing part of their assignments, we're eager to see the impact these tools make in the quality of student contributions. Ximena Gallardo C., Ann Matsuuchi, and former students at the National Archives. The Wiki Ed team heard firsthand from several instructors at WikiConference USA 2015. Matthew Vetter (Ohio University), Zach McDowell (University of Massachusetts, Amherst), and Ximena Gallardo C. (CUNY LaGuardia), all longtime participants in the Classroom Program, presented their models for Wikipedia assignments. We also had a chance to speak with Jason Smith and Ann Matsuuchi (CUNY LaGuardia) and meet a few of their students. In another presentation, Wiki Ed board member Chanitra Bishop presented on the variety of Wikipedia assignments she has encountered in her work as a librarian. Classroom Program Manager Helaine Blumenthal and Samantha presented to medical students in Amin Azzam's course at the University of California, San Francisco. (Photo: Helaine Blumenthal presents Wiki Ed to a course at UCSF). What we heard in these encounters is that, despite the extra effort associated with a Wikipedia assignment, students and instructors find it a meaningful and rewarding experience. We're already planning our instructor onboarding for spring 2016. We're looking to the upcoming Year of Science and exploring ways for students to contribute to this exciting initiative. Student work highlights: Students in Duke University's Evolution of Animal Behavior course have been doing exceptional work: • Animals engage in distraction displays to divert the attention of a predator; killdeer, a small North American bird, is famous for its "broken wing" displays that it used to lure predators away from their nests. Student editors expand the short (362 word) article by adding sections on the evolutionary origins and adaptive functions of distraction displays. While people usually associate this behavior with birds, students added sections that discussed the behavior in fish and mammals. They added sections looking at the underlying costs (the behavior entails) and sorts of factors that influence the decision of the animal to engage in this display. • Appropriately for Halloween, students expanded the communal roosting article from a 50-word stub with no references into a well-referenced article with more than 2,200 words. They added sections discussing three separate hypotheses, which seek to account for the evolution of communal roosting and discussed examples in birds, butterflies, tiger beetles, and bats. They also added three new images to the article. • Students created a new article on pursuit predation. While many predators ambush their prey, pursuit predators run down fleeing prey. Video sequences of pursuit predation by cheetahs, lions, and wolves are a staple of nature television programming. Students added sections discussion the strategy of pursuit predation and sections discussing the evolutionary and ecological basis. They also added several examples of pursuit predation, including Matabele ants and dragonflies. • Osteophagy is the practice of consuming bones. While the consumption of bones by carnivores is unremarkable, when this process seems strange when herbivores do it, usually as a way to compensate for deficiencies of calcium or phosphate in their diet. Student editors expanded a three-sentence stub into an 862-word article. They added sections discussing the phenomenon in a variety of species including turtles, cattle, and giraffes. They also added a discussion of the practice in humans. • Students in the University of Washington's Interpersonal Media created an article on Hang Ryul Park, a famous South Korean artist and poet who has exhibited his work internationally. Another student improved Russell Street, Hong Kong, an important street, by making better use of available images and adding information about a transportation strike in the 1950s. • Students from Diana Strassmann's Poverty, Justice, and Human Capabilities course at Rice University made several good contributions to articles dealing with issues of global health, education, and gender. o Students created a new article on Gender Inequality in Sri Lanka. In addition to its now 40 references, the article makes good use of media from Wikimedia Commons. o As part of their research related to poorly covered global health issues, students essentially created the Health in Guatemala article from a redirect, adding images from Commons and information about health care issues and infrastructure. • Students at Carleton University's Topics in Cinema and Gender added content about female directors and filmmakers: o Shirley Barrett: User:Cinemazing expanded an article on an Australian film director which had languished as a stub for four years. Starting from a single line of biography and a list of films, they included information on her work and important themes therein. o Miwa Nishikawa: Working on an article which was a bit larger to start with, User:Deseolopez fleshed out her biography with information on her films as well as her writing career. o Nancy Grant: User:Cue95 created a new article about this English- Québécois film producer who produced more than 27 short and feature-length films, using existing images on Wikimedia Commons to illustrate their work. Community Engagement The current group of Visiting Scholars started just last month, but they're already showing us the valuable contributions long-time Wikipedians can make. Gary Greenbaum, the Visiting Scholar at George Mason University, produced three Good Articles: (Lexington-Concord Sesquicentennial half dollar, Huguenot- Walloon half dollar, and Cleveland Centennial half dollar); and one Featured Article (Boroughitis). These designations represent the highest levels of article
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Insectivory Characteristics of the Japanese Marten (Martes Melampus): a Qualitative Review
    Zoology and Ecology, 2019, Volumen 29, Issue 1 Print ISSN: 2165-8005 Online ISSN: 2165-8013 https://doi.org/10.35513/21658005.2019.1.9 INSECTIVORY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE JAPANESE MARTEN (MARTES MELAMPUS): A QUALITATIVE REVIEW REVIEW PAPER Masumi Hisano Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd., Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Article history Abstract. Insects are rich in protein and thus are important substitute foods for many species of Received: 22 December generalist feeders. This study reviews insectivory characteristics of the Japanese marten (Martes 2018; accepted 27 June 2019 melampus) based on current literature. Across the 16 locations (14 studies) in the Japanese archi- pelago, a total of 80 different insects (including those only identified at genus, family, or order level) Keywords: were listed as marten food, 26 of which were identified at the species level. The consumed insects Carnivore; diet; food were categorised by their locomotion types, and the Japanese martens exploited not only ground- habits; generalist; insects; dwelling species, but also arboreal, flying, and underground-dwelling insects, taking advantage of invertebrates; trait; their arboreality and ability of agile pursuit predation. Notably, immobile insects such as egg mass mustelid of Mantodea spp, as well as pupa/larvae of Vespula flaviceps and Polistes spp. from wasp nests were consumed by the Japanese marten in multiple study areas. This review shows dietary general- ism (specifically ‘food exploitation generalism’) of the Japanese marten in terms of non-nutritive properties (i.e., locomotion ability of prey). INTRODUCTION have important functions for martens with both nutritive and non-nutritive aspects (sensu, Machovsky-Capuska Dietary generalists have capability to adapt their forag- et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating the Ecology of Spinosaurus: Shoreline Generalist Or Aquatic Pursuit Specialist?
    Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Evaluating the ecology of Spinosaurus: Shoreline generalist or aquatic pursuit specialist? David W.E. Hone and Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. ABSTRACT The giant theropod Spinosaurus was an unusual animal and highly derived in many ways, and interpretations of its ecology remain controversial. Recent papers have added considerable knowledge of the anatomy of the genus with the discovery of a new and much more complete specimen, but this has also brought new and dramatic interpretations of its ecology as a highly specialised semi-aquatic animal that actively pursued aquatic prey. Here we assess the arguments about the functional morphology of this animal and the available data on its ecology and possible habits in the light of these new finds. We conclude that based on the available data, the degree of adapta- tions for aquatic life are questionable, other interpretations for the tail fin and other fea- tures are supported (e.g., socio-sexual signalling), and the pursuit predation hypothesis for Spinosaurus as a “highly specialized aquatic predator” is not supported. In contrast, a ‘wading’ model for an animal that predominantly fished from shorelines or within shallow waters is not contradicted by any line of evidence and is well supported. Spinosaurus almost certainly fed primarily from the water and may have swum, but there is no evidence that it was a specialised aquatic pursuit predator. David W.E. Hone. Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK. [email protected] Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA and Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthropogenic Noise Compromises Anti-Predator Behaviour in European Eels
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided14/07/2014 by Open Research 22:36 Exeter Anthropogenic noise compromises anti-predator behaviour in European eels Stephen D. Simpson1*, Julia Purser2 & Andrew N. Radford2 1Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom 2School of Biological Sciences & Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UG, United Kingdom *Corresponding author, email: [email protected], telephone: +44 1392 722714 Running title: Noise compromises anti-predator behaviour Keywords: Noise pollution, global change, fitness consequences, survival, shipping Article type: Primary Research Article Abstract Increases in noise-generating human activities since the Industrial Revolution have changed the acoustic landscape of many terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Anthropogenic noise is now recognised as a major pollutant of international concern, and recent studies have demonstrated impacts on, for instance, hearing thresholds, communication, movement and foraging in a range of species. However, consequences for survival and reproductive success are difficult to ascertain. Using a series of laboratory-based experiments and an open-water test with the same methodology, we show that acoustic disturbance can compromise anti-predator behaviour – which directly affects survival likelihood – and explore potential underlying mechanisms. Juvenile European eels (Anguilla anguilla) exposed to additional noise (playback of recordings of ships passing through harbours), rather than control conditions (playback of recordings from the same harbours without ships), performed less well in two simulated predation paradigms. Eels were 50% less likely and 25% slower to startle to an “ambush predator” and were caught more than twice as quickly by a “pursuit predator”.
    [Show full text]
  • Locomotor Evolution in the Carnivora (Mammalia): Evidence from the Elbow Joint
    Locomotor evolution in the Carnivora (Mammalia): evidence from the elbow joint Ki Andersson Thesis for the degree of Filosofie Licentiat, 2003 Department of Earth Sciences Historical Geology and Paleontology Uppsala University Norbyvägen 22, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden 2 Locomotor evolution in the Carnivora (Mammalia): evidence from the elbow joint KI ANDERSSON Introduction .................................................................................................................... 5 Forearm function ........................................................................................................ 5 Skeletal scaling in mammals ......................................................................................... 5 Body mass estimation ................................................................................................. 6 Carnivore hunting strategy and cursoriality ................................................................... 7 Pursuit predators in the past ........................................................................................ 7 Shape analysis ............................................................................................................ 9 Summary of papers ......................................................................................................... 9 Paper I ....................................................................................................................... 9 Paper II ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Predator and Prey Functional Traits
    F1000Research 2017, 6(F1000 Faculty Rev):1767 Last updated: 17 JUL 2019 REVIEW Predator and prey functional traits: understanding the adaptive machinery driving predator–prey interactions [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] Oswald Schmitz School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 370 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06515, USA First published: 27 Sep 2017, 6(F1000 Faculty Rev):1767 ( Open Peer Review v1 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11813.1) Latest published: 27 Sep 2017, 6(F1000 Faculty Rev):1767 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11813.1) Reviewer Status Abstract Invited Reviewers Predator–prey relationships are a central component of community 1 2 dynamics. Classic approaches have tried to understand and predict these relationships in terms of consumptive interactions between predator and version 1 prey species, but characterizing the interaction this way is insufficient to published predict the complexity and context dependency inherent in predator–prey 27 Sep 2017 relationships. Recent approaches have begun to explore predator–prey relationships in terms of an evolutionary-ecological game in which predator and prey adapt to each other through reciprocal interactions involving F1000 Faculty Reviews are written by members of context-dependent expression of functional traits that influence their the prestigious F1000 Faculty. They are biomechanics. Functional traits are defined as any morphological, commissioned and are peer reviewed before behavioral, or physiological trait of an organism associated with a biotic publication to ensure that the final, published version interaction. Such traits include predator and prey body size, predator and prey personality, predator hunting mode, prey mobility, prey anti-predator is comprehensive and accessible.
    [Show full text]
  • Piter Kehoma Boll
    UNIVERSIDADE DO VALE DO RIO DOS SINOS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA Diversidade e Manejo da Vida Silvestre DOUTORADO Piter Kehoma Boll INVESTIGANDO A ECOLOGIA TRÓFICA DE PLANÁRIAS TERRESTRES NEOTROPICAIS: ECOMORFOLOGIA, DESENVOLVIMENTO E COMPORTAMENTO São Leopoldo 2019 Piter Kehoma Boll INVESTIGANDO A ECOLOGIA TRÓFICA DE PLANÁRIAS TERRESTRES NEOTROPICAIS: ECOMORFOLOGIA, DESENVOLVIMENTO E COMPORTAMENTO Tese apresentada como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia, área de concentração: Diversidade e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, pela Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet São Leopoldo 2019 B691i Boll, Piter Kehoma. Investigando a ecologia trófica de planárias terrestres neotropicais : ecomorfologia, desenvolvimento e comportamento / Piter Kehoma Boll. – 2019. 87 f. : il. ; 30 cm. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, 2019. “Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet.” 1. Comportamento. 2. Ecomorfologia. 3. Geoplanidae. 4. Hábitos alimentares. I. Título. CDU 573 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) (Bibliotecária: Amanda Schuster – CRB 10/2517) AGRADECIMENTOS À minha mãe, Rosali Dhein Boll, pelo apoio e especialmente pelo empenho em me ajudar na coleta, em seu quintal, de muitos espécimes que foram essenciais para a conclusão desta tese. Ao meu esposo, Douglas Marques, pelo companheirismo na vida familiar e acadêmica, pelo apoio, pelos ensinamentos, pela paciência em me ouvir discorrer sobre as planárias e pelo auxílio em diversas questões centrais para a tese. À Drª. Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet pela orientação e pela oportunidade para que eu pudesse seguir pesquisando este grupo fascinante, mas ainda negligenciado, de predadores tropicais.
    [Show full text]
  • The Repeated Evolution of Dental Apicobasal Ridges in Aquatic-Feeding Mammals and Reptiles
    applyparastyle “fig//caption/p[1]” parastyle “FigCapt” Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2019, 127, 245–259. With 7 figures. The repeated evolution of dental apicobasal ridges in aquatic-feeding mammals and reptiles MATTHEW R. MCCURRY1,2*, ALISTAIR R. EVANS3,4, ERICH M. G. FITZGERALD4, 5,6,7 8 9,10 COLIN R. MCHENRY , JOSEPH BEVITT and NICHOLAS D. PYENSON Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/127/2/245/5427318 by guest on 27 September 2021 1Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia 2PANGEA Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia 3School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia 4Geosciences, Museums Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia 5School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia 6School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia 7Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia 8Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW 2234, Australia 9Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA 10Mammalogy and Paleontology, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Received 17 November 2018; revised 12 February 2019; accepted for publication 13 February 2019 Since the Permian, Earth’s aquatic ecosystems have been ecologically dominated by numerous lineages of predatory amniotes. Many of these groups evolved elevated ridges of enamel that run down the apical–basal axis of their teeth, referred to here as apicobasal ridges. This trait is commonly used as a taxonomic tool to identify fossil species and higher groupings, but the function of the ridges and their associated ecological significance are poorly understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of Locomotor Evolution in the Carnivora (Mammalia)
    Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 877 Aspects of locomotor evolution in the Carnivora (Mammalia) BY KI ANDERSSON ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS UPPSALA 2003 ! ""# $#%"" & & & ' ( ) ' * +' ""#' * & , - .' * ' /00' " ' ' 123 !$4556450$"47 1 & 84 ( & ' ) ( 9 ( : : ' ) & & 9 & 84 ' & & & ( , ' * & - ;"'<"$= ; '55 = ;"'!5 ));"'$#< >"""$ ;! . ( & ( && ? & ' * ( 9 & & & & ' * : - . ( 4 : $'54 5 8' & ( & & ' 1 @ -##'04 #'/ 2. 8 & , ' 1 - #'/4$$' 2. ( @ A ( & ( :' && & & & ( & 3 * ' ( ? ( & ? ' B ( 9 -$6 . & & ( ( & & 84 & ' 1 & A , ' C ( 2 C ' 1 : 4& ( D 48E & ' & 8 ( ' 1 8 , : & & ' 1 & 8 ( & & & 84 & & & ' , , ) ( 9 8 * ) 2 : ! " / Palaeobiology! Norbyv.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded and Analyzed in the Combined Dataset and As an Additional Data Partition
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2007 Phylogeny and Character Change in the Feloid Carnivora Jill A. (Jill Alexandra) Holliday Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES PHYLOGENY AND CHARACTER CHANGE IN THE FELOID CARNIVORA By JILL A. HOLLIDAY A Dissertation submitted to the Department in Biological Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2007 The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Jill A. Holliday defended on March 21, 2007. ____________________________________ Scott Steppan Professor Directing Dissertation ____________________________________ William Parker Outside Committee Member ____________________________________ Gregory Erickson Committee Member ____________________________________ Joseph Travis Committee Member ____________________________________ David Swofford Committee Member Approved: _____________________________________________ Tim Moerland, Chair, Department of Biological Science _____________________________________________ Dean, College of Arts and Sciences The office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express sincere appreciation to my committee for ongoing discussion and support throughout the course of this project: S. Steppan, G. Erickson,
    [Show full text]
  • Figuring Extinction : Visualising the Thylacine In
    F I Ct N Ct EXT1 N CT( N: Visualising the Thylacine in Zoological and Natural History Works 1808-1936 Carol Freeman Bachelor of Arts (Hons) Volume 1 Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2005 School of Geography and Environmental Studies University of Tasmania ; .49 fiZEENtA*.j PI, D. Statement of Authenticity This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other higher degree or graduate diploma in any tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no copy or paraphrase of material previously published or written by any other persons, except where due reference is made in the text of the thesis or in footnotes. Carol Freeman University of Tasmania •=1'ey 0 5 This thesis is not to be made available for loan or copying for two years following the date this statement was signed. After that time, the thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. //;4",e• Carol Freeman University of Tasmania ,9-0/ / 2 / 0 5 Acknowledgments This thesis is the result of four years work that has benefited from the assistance and support of many individuals and institutions. Those that have contributed substantially to the finished thesis are mentioned below. Research was financially assisted by a three year Australian Postgraduate Award. My supervisors Dr Peter Hay and Dr Elaine Stratford at the Centre for Environmental Studies consistently encouraged me in a project largely outside their fields of interest.
    [Show full text]
  • Outrun Or Outmaneuver: Predator– Prey Interactions As a Model System for Integrating Biomechanical Studies in a Broader Ecological and Evolutionary Context
    Outrun or Outmaneuver: Predator– Prey Interactions as a Model System for Integrating Biomechanical Studies in a Broader Ecological and Evolutionary Context The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Moore, Talia Y., and Andrew A. Biewener. 2015. “Outrun or Outmaneuver: Predator–Prey Interactions as a Model System for Integrating Biomechanical Studies in a Broader Ecological and Evolutionary Context.” Integr. Comp. Biol. (June 27): icv074. doi:10.1093/icb/icv074. Published Version doi:10.1093/icb/icv074 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:25858000 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP Outrun or Outmaneuver: Predator-prey interactions as a model system for integrating biomechanical studies in a broader ecological and evolutionary context 5 Talia Y. Moore* and Andrew A. Biewener Concord Field Station, Harvard University, 100 Old Causeway Road, Bedford, MA 01730 USA *[email protected], phone: (781) 275-1725, fax: (781) 275-9613 April 9, 2015 10 Synopsis–Behavioral studies performed in natural habitats provide a context for the development of hypotheses and the design of experiments relevant both to biomechanics and to evolution. In particular, predator-prey interactions are a model system for integrative study because predation success or failure has a direct effect on fitness and drives the evolution of specialized performance in both predator and prey.
    [Show full text]
  • Pursuit Predation with Intermittent Locomotion in Zebrafish Alberto P
    © 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2020) 223, jeb230623. doi:10.1242/jeb.230623 SHORT COMMUNICATION Pursuit predation with intermittent locomotion in zebrafish Alberto P. Soto* and Matthew J. McHenry ABSTRACT the point of collision with a bearing angle that considers the heading The control of a predator’s locomotion is critical to its ability to capture and speed of the prey. Some predators achieve interception through prey. Flying animals adjust their heading continuously with control a guidance law known as proportional navigation (Kane and similar to guided missiles. However, many animals do not move with Zamani, 2014; Kane et al., 2015; Brighton et al., 2017; Fabian et al., rapid continuous motion, but rather interrupt their progress with 2018), where the turning rate is proportional to the rotation rate of θ φ frequent pauses. To understand how such intermittent locomotion the line-of-sight angle ( + in Fig. 1A). This strategy depends on may be controlled during predation, we examined the kinematics of the rates of relative motion between the animals and offers a near- zebrafish (Danio rerio) as they pursued larval prey of the same optimal path to capture (Shneydor, 1998). species. Like many fishes, zebrafish move with discrete burst-and- It is unclear how our understanding of pursuit strategy in aerial coast swimming. We found that the change in heading and tail predators relates to the behavior of fishes that move intermittently. excursion during the burst phase was linearly related to the prey’s Bluefish pursue evasive prey with a strategy similar to pure pursuit bearing.
    [Show full text]