Hadley Park Landscape Management Plan Penrith Lakes Development Corporation October 2009

HADLEY PARK LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN

Penrith Lakes Development Corporation Limited PO Box 457 Cranebrook NSW 2749

CLOUSTON Associates Landscape Architects • Urban Designers • Landscape Planners 6A Wetherill Street • Leichhardt • NSW 2040 PO Box 44 • Leichhardt • NSW 2040 Telephone (02) 9569 3388 • Facsimile (02) 9569 3523 Email • sydney@clouston.com.au

Issue Date Status Checked I 21/10/09 FINAL REPORT with revisions H 04/09/09 FINAL REPORT with revisions G 21/08/09 FINAL REPORT F 26/06/09 FINAL DRAFT with revisions CL E 06/05/09 FINAL DRAFT CL D 16/04/09 FINAL DRAFT CL C 31/01/09 FINAL DRAFT CL B 31/07/08 DRAFT CL A 04/07/08 DRAFT CL

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009

Table of contents

PART A BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 9

INTRODUCTION 9

FIGURE 1 - REGIONAL MAP CONTEXT 10

PURPOSE OF THE LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN 11

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 11

PROJECT METHODOLOGY AND REPORT FORMAT 12

PREVIOUS STUDIES AND PLANNING CONTEXT 13

FIGURE 2 - LOCAL CONTEXT MAP 14

REGIONAL AND LOCAL CONTEXT 15

A BRIEF HISTORY 15 - Aboriginal history - EARLY european history - Contemporary history

THE SITE TODAY 18 LAND USE 20 - Access and Circulation - bUILDINGS and Structures - Infrastructure - Gardens and Landscape

FIGURE 3 - ACCESS AND CIRCULATION 19

FIGURE 4 - NATURAL SYSTEMS 24

NATURAL SYSTEMS 25 - Topography, Geology and Soils - Indigenous Vegetation - Indigenous Fauna - Hydrology - Microclimate

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 Cultural and Natural HERITAGE 27 - Aboriginal heritage - Non-indigenous heritage - Natural Heritage

FIGURE 5 - VIEWS AND VISTAS 29

Landscape Character and IMAGE 30 - Views, Vistas and Visual Catchment - Landscape Character

FIGURE 6 - STATUS OF EXISTING PLANTING 32

Plantings and LANDSCAPE 33 - Garden design - Historic plantings - Contemporary Plantings - Pests and Weeds

PART B BASIS FOR MANAGEMENT 35

PLANNING AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 35 - Deed of Agreement - DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING - NSW Heritage act 1977 - ENVIRONMENTAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION & LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN - AUSTRALIA icomos - BURRA CHARTER

THE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN 38 - STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE - Conservation Policies

landscape PRINCIPLES 42 - LAND use and management - ACCESS and circulation - NATURAL systems - CULTURAL and natural heritage - LANDSCAPE character and image - PLANTINGS and landscape - INTERPRETATIon

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 PART C LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY 45

LANDUSE OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 45

FIGURE 7 - 1996 RECOMMENDED CURTILAGES 46

CURTILAGES 47 - PRIor curtilages - PRoposed heritage curtilage & outer landscapes

FIGURE 8 - PROPOSED HERITAGE CURTILAGE & oUTER LANDSCAPES 48

LANDSCAPE CONCEPT AND garden precincts 49 - THE approach and driveway - THE dairy and nepean park boundary - THE eastern parklands - THE southern parklands - THE immediate gardens - THE western and nepean park fields

FIGURE 9 - PROPOSED LANDSCAPE CONCEPT : bROADER CONTEXT 50

FIGURE 10 - IMMEDIATE GARDEN PRECINCT OPTIONS 52

FIGURE 11 - EXTANT HADLEY PARK CURTILAGE OPTIONS 4 management and maintenance precincts 55

PART D IMPLEMENTATION 56

CONSERVATION STANDARDS 56

LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES 57

LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION WORKS 57

NEW LANDSCAPE WORKS 57

FIGURE 12 - PROPOSED MANAGEMENT PRECINCTS 58

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 proposed MANAGEMENT precinctS 59

MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE 60

WORK Priorities AND resourcing 62

performance indicators and MONITORING 63

bibliography/REFERENCES 64

APPENDIX 66

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 PART A - BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT

INTRODUCTION The Penrith Lakes Development site is an extensive area of sand and gravel extraction lying to the east of the Nepean River, 54 kilometres west of Sydney and northwest of the Penrith CBD with the historic property of Hadley Park situated immediately north of Nepean Park (see Figure 1).

The Penrith Lakes Development Scheme (The Scheme) was put in place in 1981 as a joint venture between the Penrith Lakes Development Corporation Pty Limited (PLDC) and the State Government. The aim of The Scheme was to co-ordinate all future mining operations and assess and implement the remediation of the entire site after the gravel extraction had been completed.

The heritage property Hadley Park comprises 80 acres of land, originally granted by Governor King in 1803 to Martin Mince (Mentz), a NSW Corps private soldier. Barely 25 years after the first European settlement in Australia the government grants for the Nepean/Penrith area, of which this was one, may possibly have been the only military frontier settlement in Australian colonial history (Liston undated).

Hadley Park, along with its neighbouring Nepean Park, is considered rare in Australia under all the criteria of heritage significance of historic, architectural, aesthetic, social and scientific value as set out by the NSW Department of Planning (Heritage Branch). An intact, modest Georgian farmhouse with associated work outbuildings and gardens the property with its strong social links and relationships to other historic local family properties is of high significance nationally.

Hadley Park is in the custodianship of Jacqueline Flower, a sixth generation member of the Hadley family who is currently assisting PLDC in preparing the property for possible conservation works.

Hadley Park property viewed west from Castlereagh Road shows the Blue Mountains Escarpment and foothills beyond

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 figure 1 - Regional context

Nepean River

Castlereagh

HADLEY PARK BLUE MOUNTAINS NEPEAN PARK

Cranebrook

Warrimoo

Blaxland

Penrith

10 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 purpose of the lMP The Landscape Management Plan (LMP) provides guidance on the possible design, management and future adaptive reuse of the homestead, the immediate gardens and adjoining landscape that comprise Hadley Park.

The LMP has been prepared having regard to the Deed of Agreement between the NSW State Government and PLDC (1987); it is guided by the Burra Charter as adopted in 1999 by Australia ICOMOS (see Part B - Basis for Management).

The LMP adopts and develops Conservation Policies as set out in the Conservation Management Plan prepared by Godden Mackay Logan (July 2008) and Truman, Zaniol & Associates in conjunction with Stedinger Associates (2007) and Hadley Park Archaeology Handbook (GML 2008). The LMP is further informed by previous Plans of Management and Conservation Strategies for the Hadley Park property and the sitewide Penrith Lakes area.

The LMP is informed and guided by the overarching Landscape Masterplan (CLOUSTON Associates 2009) in its understanding of the heritage site and surrounding landscape. goalS and objectives The principal goals and objectives of the LMP in addressing the planning conditions could be to:

• Determine appropriate land uses, landscape design and management strategies for the gardens and landscape of Hadley Park that reflect the rural and agricultural history of the site. • Reinforce the visual, social and heritage connections between Hadley Park and other historic properties within The Scheme. • Recognise and enhance the understanding of Aboriginal occupation of the land within the Hadley Park site and surrounding landscape. • Maintain the association through involvement in the preparation of the LMP of the continuous line of descendants of Hadley Park from Charles Hadley to the current sixth generation custodian. • Interpret the cultural and natural heritage of the landscape and gardens for future visitors to Hadley Park and The Scheme.

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 11 prOJECT METHODOLOGY AND REPORT FORMAT The methodology adopted for the preparation of this LMP has included the following:

• Field investigations of the property, the surrounding landscape and visual connections to other heritage sites. • Research of the history of Hadley Park and surrounding area. • Consultation with the current custodian Jacqueline Flower. • Liaison and consultation with PLDC heritage staff and heritage consultants Godden Mackay Logan (GML). • Review of planning and heritage documents relating to Hadley Park • Mapping and documention of the altered surrounding landscape for future design, use and management implication. • Preparation of the LMP Plan for review by PLDC and GML. • Completion of the LMP Report in conjunction with the Landscape Heritage Strategy Report that covers the remaining heritage properties in The Scheme.

The LMP has been set out in four parts as follows:

• Part A - Background and Context: This section identifies the purpose and background to the report underpinned by the relevant documents and planning conditions. • Part B - Basis for Management: This section provides a description of the current landscape with an outline of the opportunities and constraints that inform the subsequent strategy. • Part C - Landscape Management Strategy: This section provides the concept for the gardens and landscape based on a suite of principles that underpin the possible future planning, design and management of Hadley Park. • Part D - Implementation: This section identifies the key elements of landscape principles, conservation standards, management and maintenance implementation of the LMP and for any future review.

12 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 PREVIOUS STUDIES AND PLANNING CONTEXT From the early 1980s numerous reports have been prepared outlining strategies for the conservation of Hadley Park (refer references) and these documents have informed this LMP.

As part of the The Scheme, Hadley Park is covered by State and Local planning legislation that include:

• State Regional Environmental Plan No.11-Penrith Lakes SREP 11 • Penrith Local Environmental Plan 1991 other planning policies and reports that guide the LMP include:

• The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. • NSW Heritage Heritage Act 1977. • The Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979. • Hadley Park: Conservation/Management Plan. Graham Edds & Associates (1996). • The Burra Charter: the Australia ICOMOS. The Australian National Committee of ICOMOS (1999). • Hadley Park: A Conservation Management Plan & Schedule of Works. Truman, Zaniol & Associates (2007). • Penrith Lakes Heritage Strategy Report. Godden Mackay Logan (2007). • Penrith Lakes Scheme Conservation Management Plan Report . Godden Mackay Logan (2008). • Ground Penetrating Radar Survey of Sites in the Penrith Lakes Scheme. Archaeological Computing Laboratory, University of Sydney (2008). Investigations are currently being undertaken that will inform a report to be prepared by archeologist Jillian Comber for PLDC on the Aboriginal artifact discovered during exploratory excavations of the Hadley Park building foundations in September 2008.

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 13 figure 2 - local context

Howell’s House Smith Road

remnant stand of tereticornis Landers Inn

Old Castlereagh Road remnant stand of angophora

Yellow Rock Lookout HADLEY PARK

Nepean Park Christ Church

Castlereagh Road

Boundary of PLDC Scheme

Old Castlereagh Road

The Poplars

Nepean River

McCarthy’s Cemetery Cranebrook The Methodist Church School Group & Cemetery Sydney International Regatta Centre

Longs House Castlereagh Road

Penrith

14 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 regional and local context Refer to Figures 1 and 2 for regional and local map context for Hadley Park.

Regional Key features of the regional area include:

• The Blue Mountains Escarpment which dominate the western skyline. • The town of Cranebrook and the Castlereagh Escarpment that lie to the east of The Scheme. • The Nepean River which runs parallel along the sites western edge and clearly defines The Scheme’s western boundary. • The City of Penrith situated immediately south of The Scheme. • The town of Castlereagh situated immediately north of The Scheme.

A BRIEF HISTORY Aboriginal History of the Area Archaeological investigations in the Nepean River area suggest that prior to European settlement Aboriginal occupation had existed for many thousands of years. At the time of first white settlement the area was occupied by members of the Mulgoa clan of the Darug. The Darug remain the traditional custodians of the land.

The Mulgoa clan’s primary focus was placed near the banks of the Nepean River which was a major source of food and other raw materials. These resources would have included the flint hard materials of silcrete and chert with which they fashioned sharp cutting and scraping tools. Hunting of fish and eels from the river and small native animals on the open grasslands were carried out seasonally with wild yams and tubers making up the staple and majority of the Mulgoa clan’s diet (Comber 2008).

Early European History Captain Watkin Tench reached the shores of the Nepean River in 1789 but the first settlers did not arrive to stay until 1803 when the area along the east bank of the Nepean River was surveyed. Land lots laid out west to east adjacent to the river were granted by Governor King to free settlers, ex-military servicemen and ex-convicts. A dirt track, which later became known as Castlereagh Road was the land lots eastern boundary, ran parallel to the river and headed north towards the Richmond area.

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 15 The following passages from the 2008 Conservation Management Plan for Penrith Lakes Development Scheme, prepared by Godden Mackay Logan GML/CMP give some insight to the early European settlement in the area and an overview of the development of Hadley Park as one of the earliest Georgian farmhouses in Sydney.

Penrith Lakes contains layers of evidence from all phases of occupation from the early 1800s to the present including early road patterns and fencelines, continued agricultural production and escalating industrial development. The land grants found in Penrith Lakes were of a distinctively planned nature, surveyed in 1803 prior to their occupation, and allocated according to social status and number of dependents (with the largest portions going to former soldiers who were married with children). The alignment of Castlereagh Road served as the basis of the early grants, which extended either side east to west.

Almost all of these early grants were between 80 and 200 acres with Portion 47 an 80 acre allotment being originally granted in 1803 to Martin Mince (Mentz). Mince leased 30 acres to Charles Hadley, an ex convict, who in 1811 bought the whole 80 acre lot from Anne Landers who had

The original timber slab cottage north of the main farmhouse at Hadley Park is believed to be the oldest existing timber house in Australia

16 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 purchased from Mince the previous day. Charles Hadley then named the property Hadley Park.

The GML/CMP (p.130) further describes Hadley Park:

(Charles) Hadley is believed to have built the single storey slab outbuilding c.1806 and then between 1811 and 1812 built the main farmhouse, the former stables, a milking shed, a barn (which was destroyed by fire in 1873) and other farmhouse outbuildings (possibly including a wood storage shed). By 1822 Hadley had expanded land holdings to 400 acres, including an orchard and a slaughter yard (supplying meat to Government stores 1815 – 1824). Also recorded in 1826 as an innkeeper, of the ‘First and Last’. No separate building (for the ‘First and Last’ Inn) located on the Hadley Park property. Charles Hadley died 1828 and left Hadley Park to son Charles Hadley Jnr.

Contemporary History Hadley Park is unique in New South Wales in that it has enjoyed continuous occupation by Hadley family descendants for six generations since Charles Hadley’s original purchase. In the early 1970s the northern

Contemporary plantings in the front ornamental garden of Hadley Park are of an informal nature

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 17 part of the land and house at Hadley Park was sold to Blue Metal and Gravel Limited (BMG) who were part of the Boral Group by the remaining Childs family members Hannah Howell Childs, Esla Louisa Childs and William George Childs.

The current custodian of Hadley Park is Ms Jacqueline Flower, a direct descendant of Charles Hadley who has lived at Hadley Park since the 1950s during which time she has maintained the house and gardens.

As part of the Penrith Lakes Development Scheme, PLDC was required by the NSW Heritage Branch (former Heritage Office) to prepare a Conservation Management Plan for the conservation of the house and land. In preparation for this in early 2008 PLDC provided temporary alternative accommodation for Ms Flower to allow her to clear the house of personal effects prior to the conservation process.

PLDC commissioned CLOUSTON Associates to prepare the Landscape Management Plan and Ms Flower has been involved in direct consultation throughout the Plan’s preparation, to ensure that the contemporary layers of history and any management considerations of the gardens and landscape is integrated into the LMP.

THE SITE TODAY The site as it exists today is considerably altered from the land that the first European settlers and farmers encountered and cleared for their agricultural purposes.

The sand and gravel quarrying which first began in the bed of the Nepean River during the 1950s and subsequently moved to open cut quarrying on the flood plain from the 1970s, has dramatically changed the topography and landscape character of the site by the removal of quarried material and the creation of steep water retaining bunds.

Today Hadley Park and Nepean Park stand in an ‘island’ landscape, surrounded by major land works of quarrying and remediation.

18 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 Figure 3 - access and circulation

Cranebrook Creek Lagoon Vegetable garden

Windbreak

Former Kitchen Privy Ornamental garden Home- stead Studio

Windbreak Ornamental garden

Former EXISTING Stables Former Dairy QUARRY To Nepean River, former orchards and former farm Windbreak

Sheds

Shed

Hayshed

Current vehicle access Most frequent pedestrian links and connections

Historic vehicle access Existing buildings

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 19 Land Use The following points highlight the key characteristics and issues of the Hadley Park landscape as it exists today.

Access and Circulation (refer Figure 3) • Access to the property is currently from Castlereagh Road to the south of the property but this may be revised under future lake plans. • The original traditional arrival to the property lies to the north of the existing access and due to mining works cannot be re-instated. Access across the fields currently is not possible. • The Nepean River is currently inaccessible from the house due to quarrying and topographic changes. • Access around the house, outbuildings and gardens is unhindered except where stock fences and heavy vegetation block passage. • Nepean House is currently fenced from Hadley Park but can be accessed from the property.

Buildings and Structures • The house and outbuildings are typical of a modest farm with the homestead and work outbuildings in close proximity to each other with the hay storage and machinery sheds at a greater distance. • The buildings are extremely fragile, in particular the main 2 storey farmhouse and the single storey timber slab cottage which is believed to be one of NSW’s earliest dwellings. • Many of the closer outerbuildings have modern functional farm buildings additions. • A small ‘Studio’ building to the rear of the main house dates from the 1960s.

Infrastructure • The ‘Studio’ and bathroom is serviced by an underground septic tank that was constructed about 1967. Prior to this a pan toilets were used. • The main house has access to power and running water and power was once connected to the chaff house, bales, old and new dairy.

20 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 The gateway to Hadley Park and Nepean Park on the Old View north to the house on the existing road was not the Castlereagh Road is clearly marked by two mature Poplar trees traditional approach and arrival for Hadley Park

Ornamental gardens located close to the house reveal a layering Historically planted windbreaks on the western boundary protect of both historic and contemporary plantings the fragile building structures from the strong westerly winds

Hadley Park (midground on the left) and Nepean Park (midground on the right) sit as ‘island’ landscapes within the Lakes Scheme

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 21 Hisorically Castlereagh Escarpment and Christ Church to the east Currently views are accessible between Hadley Park and Landers have strong social connections with Hadley Park and views can Inn but these may be blocked by the proposed landbridge still be made from the front gate of Hadley Park

Historically the past residents of Howell’s House and Hadley Park The view between Hadley Park and Lander’s Inn may be a had close social associations with visual messages often made tenuous one after construction of the proposed landbridge between the two neighbours

MatureTree Canopy Hadley Park House

The mature tree canopy of Hadley Park can be clearly seen from Christ Church on the Castlereagh Escarpment. Note: (new) Castlereagh Road in the foreground with the Old Castlereagh Road marked by the power pole and Plane trees on top of next cutting

22 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 Gaps in the planted windbreak on the western boundary allow for an opportunity of framed views west to the Blue Mountains Escarpment

The privet hedge on the southern side of the main house is one of The view of the front of the main house is partly obscured by a the older planted elements in the garden contemporary planting of a Windmill Fan Palm (Trachycarpus fortunei)

Vegetation on the western boundary forms a dense windbreak, but The contemporary perennial garden south of the main house some exotic plantings are now considered potentially invasive has been extended by the current custodian Ms Flower

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 23 Figure 4 - NAtural systems

SmithSmith Road Road

HOWELL’S HOUSE HOWELL’S HOUSE

Remnant stand of Cranebrook

Eucalyptus tereticornis

eek

ook C ook

Bank Creek Bank

neb a

E Red Cr

LANDERS INN s LANDERS INN c a

r Cranebrook Creek Cranebrook p

t n

n t

m Remnant stand of

p r Angophora subvelutina

M v i

e R

Blue Mountains Escarpment Freshwater

B body Lagoon

Nepean River Nepean HADLEY PARK Nepean HADLEY PARK

eek r

ok C

o r

aneb r

CranebrookC Creek NEPEANNEPEAN PARKPARK d d

C aC sas tletle eagh Roa rer r aea ghgh RoR aoda astle d

Old CastlereaghOld Roa

PLDCPLDC site site boundary boundary HadleyHadley ParkPark buildings buildings MajorMajor waterflow waterflow

HadleyHadley ParkPark original DominantDominant winds winds MinorMinor waterflowwaterflow propertyland grant boundary boundary ApproximateApproximat eposition position IndigenousIndigenous vegetationvegetation WindbreakWindbreak protected protected area area ofof proposed proposed lakes lakes

24 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 Gardens and Landscape • The house gardens are predominantly ornamental, cottage garden in character with a small area under kitchen garden production. • Pasture lands immediately to the north and east of the fenced house garden are currently used for grazing livestock. • Landscape beyond the immediate grazed areas and west of the house comprise tree and shrub windbreaks, rough pasture grass with a Cranebrook Creek tributary and freshwater backswamps surrounding a large lagoon. • The landscape to the west of Nepean Park is currently under commercial agricultural cultivation.

Natural systems (refer Figure 4)

Topography, Geology and Soils • The underlying geology of the site is Wianamatta Shale which has created a sub-soil base of Cumberland Clay. • Dominant topsoil is alluvial consisting of minerals washed downstream from the upper reaches of the Nepean River. • West of the property the dramatic backdrop of the Blue Mountains Escarpment marks the change from Hawkesbury Sandstone to Wianamatta Shale. • The topography of the immediate area surrounding the homestead is highly modified with the property positioned on an elevated terrace above a natural floodplain.

Indigenous Vegetation • Original plant communities would have included alluvial floodplain, River-flat Forest, Grey Box-Ironbark Woodland and the now endangered Cumberland Plain Woodland. • Remnant pockets of indigenous vegetation can be found on the banks of the Nepean River and Cranebrook Creek and on a few of the higher ridges across the site.

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 25 Indigenous Fauna • Prior to European settlement of the Penrith area fauna would have been varied and abundant. According to Kohen (1983) the Mulgoa clan of the Darug undertook kangaroo hunting drives on the extensive grasslands. Other indigenous fauna included in their diet might have been possum, platypus, fish, eels, waterfowl, freshwater mussels, lizards and quail (Comber 2008). • Due to the isolated nature of the site and the existing varied planting layers Hadley Park is a refuge and nesting site for many of the smaller more vulnerable wood and grassland birds ie. Scrub wren and Splendid Fairy-wren. • Few mammals and marsupials were likely to remain due to the extensive quarrying although, wallabies have been sighted. • Reptiles have been sighted that include a variety of skinks and lizards and several species of venomous snakes. Whilst the lagoons and creeks are home to tortoise, eels, gudgeons and insect larvae.

Hydrology • Original topography of the area would have been river floodplain. It would have comprised of many tributary creeklines from the main Cranebrook Creek creating loosely connected lagoons dissected by land masses of terraces and ridges. • To the immediate west of Hadley Park the property is bounded by a Cranebrook Creek tributary which flows north into one of the naturally formed freshwater backswamps or wetland ponds. This is now covered by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) one of the world’s worst aquatic weeds. • European cultural agriculture practices had modified the original landscape resulting in increasing flooding prior to the later 20th Century open cut mining. Microclimate • Strong west winds from the Blue Mountains Escarpment resulted in the original owners of Hadley Park planting extensive windbreaks on the western side of the house and immediate outbuildings. These plantings have subsequently created a calmer and warmer microclimate around the immediate house and gardens.

26 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 Cultural and Natural Heritage Aboriginal heritage The site and locality has a long cultural heritage with the Aboriginal people who are thought to have begun living in the area around the Nepean River at least 14,000 years before the arrival of the first European settlers.

In response to recognition of the importance of Aboriginal heritage within the Scheme site PLDC are developing an Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Plan in association with Aboriginal community groups and individuals.

Within the Statement of Heritage Impact (2007) report written by Jillian Comber BA, Litt B. a Statement of Commitment provides principles that will affect the Hadley Park property in the following manner:

• Consultation will be undertaken with the relevant Aboriginal organisations and community groups in respect of management of the Scheme’s Aboriginal heritage and archaeology. • All Aboriginal sites will be managed in accordance with the National Parks & Wildlife Act 1977 and the concurrent consent of the Department of Environment and Conservation will be obtained when excavation or disturbance of an Aboriginal site is proposed. • The Hadley Park & Nepean Conservation Area will be maintained and conserved to ensure protection of the significant cultural and natural heritage contained within those areas. Aboriginal sites within those areas will not be disturbed, unless excavation or removal of artifacts is considered desirable for research or Aboriginal community purposes. Access to these areas will be restricted. • Interpretation brochures will be developed in respect of the history of the Darug and the archaeology of the site.

The report states known zones across the site that are of Aboriginal heritage significance. One of these zones is Hadley Park and Nepean Park which contain at least one known Aboriginal site.

In September 2008 during investigations of the main house foundations at Hadley Park an Aboriginal artifact was discovered. In light of these investigations archaeologist Jillian Comber is currently preparing a report.

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 27 Jillian Comber is concurrently preparing a social and economic history of the Darug people that will inform a possible educational brochure on understanding cultural interpretation.

Non-indigenous heritage Portion 47, which later became known as Hadley Park was one of the first government apportioned land lots granted in the Castlereagh area. In 1803 Martin Mince (also recorded as Mentz) cleared and farmed 80 acres and helped begin the long social history of the small but close knit farming community which continues to survives today.

The GML/CMP (p.72) provides information on the non-indigenous heritage of the site as follows:

Penrith Lakes comprises a rare cultural landscape where significant layered historical associations and meanings remain intact, in forms that are both tangible and intangible. Penrith Lakes is rare as a place where close religious and familial ties have continued over two hundred years of settlement dating back to some of the earliest land grants made in Australia.

and;

Hadley Park, built in 1811, which is considered to be the oldest building in the Nepean Valley. It is a rare example within Penrith Lakes of a large intact Georgian homestead with surviving outbuildings, including a slab cottage predating the homestead, believed to be the oldest timber structure in the country.

and further;

Penrith Lakes has the potential to contribute to our knowledge of:

• The response of early settlers to the landscape, specifically to the threat of flooding; • The selection and administration of early land grants; • The practice and extent of small scale tenant farming in the area and the contribution this made to the agricultural development of the district.

28 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 figure 5 - views and VISTAS

SmithSmith Road Road

VViewsiews to to rear rear of of Hadley Hadley HOWELHOWELL’SL’S HOUSE HOUSE ParkPark and and garden garden

FramedFramed views views of of HowellHowell’s’s House House LANDERSLANDERS INN INN existexist from from Hadley Hadley Views north-east from Park north garden Views north-east from

Park north garden househouse blocked blocked by by existing existing er

i bund and vegetation

R R

n n remnant stand of

e remnant stand of e angophora m angophora

m Views between

Nepean Views between Nepean

r r HadleyHadley Park Park and and

c c LandersLanders Inn Inn may may be be

E E obstructedobstructed by by a a

s Framed views of s Framed views of possible landbridge n possible landbridge

i i escarpmentescarpment through through

t t treestrees - -river river not not visible visible

u due to topography

o o ClearClear views views to to church church and and

l l Castlereagh

l i Castlereagh

h Escarpment t Escarpment

F CHRIST CHURCH NEPEANNEPEANPARKPARK CHRIST CHURCH VViewsiews between between Hadley Hadley Park Park andand Nepean Nepean Park Park are are obstructed by vegetation and C obstructed by vegetation and Ca modern farmshed sats modern farmshed ltel eagh Road ere r eagh Road rea Open expansive r aggh Open expansive hRRo views across oaad views across astle d astle proposed Lake C proposed Lake C

Old

PLDCPLDC si sitete bounda boundaryry Hadley Park buildings Hadley Park buildings VViewiew sheds sheds

Hadley Park original Hadley Park original Approximate shoreline BundBund 1 1 -3 -3 met metresres high high land grant boundary Approximate shoreline land grant boundary ofof p proposedroposed la lakkeses View corridors Windbreak IndigenousIndigenousvvegetationegetation View corridors Windbreak

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 29 Natural Heritage The land and landscape around the site is dominated by the dramatic escarpment and deep gorges of the Blue Mountains to the west, the foothills leading to the mountains and the flat alluvial floodplains with their drainage lines, freshwater lagoons and wetlands.

According to Geoffrey Britton in his Castlereagh Cultural Landscape Study (1999) the river flats between Penrith and Windsor consisted of deposits of Holocene alluvium. Britton states that:

These soils supported vegetation which was dominated by Eucalyptus amplifolia and Angophora subvelutina

and;

The alluvial flats adjacent to the river drain toward the old watercourses which ran roughly parallel to the river flats across the fields. The eastern boundary of the plain is an abrupt rise to an upper flat terrace which is mainly covered with remnant woodland.

Landscape Character and Image Views, Vistas and Visual Catchment (Refer Figure 5) The Visual Management Strategy (2008) relays a detailed and comprehensive study of a site wide management strategy.

Visual catchment from and to Hadley Park include:

• Clear distant views from the house looking east to Christ Church and the higher ground of the Castlereagh Escarpment • Clear views north to the remnant stand of Angophora subvelutina • Views north remain between Hadley Park and Howell’s House on the sandstone outcrop close to Smith Road • Views north east to Landers Inn will be obstructed by a lake bund and may be tenuous post construction of the proposed landbridge • Views are obscured between Hadley Park and Nepean Park by dense vegetation and a modern farm storage shed

30 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 • Views south west to The Poplars are tenuous if at all given the 3km distance. • No views south to McCarthy’s Cemetery, the School Group and Methodist Church. • Views west between Hadley Park and Castlereagh Road are obscured by existing bunds but the mature tree canopy is clearly visable from the road. • Overall views to and from Hadley Park are currently blocked by bunds that surround the property and which are associated with the continuing quarrying activity. • No views are available between Hadley Park and the Nepean River due to the topography.

Landscape Character • The Blue Mountains Escarpment with the densly wooded and numerous deep gorges dominate the horizon to the west of Hadley Park. • The lower and more distant Castleragh Escarpment with its cleared and urban landscape defines the horizon to the east of Hadley Park. • The remnant stand of Angophora subvelutina gives an indication of the original isolated higher ridges divided on the river floodplain by numerous creek tributaries, freshwater swamps and lagoons. • The remaining overall landscape character of the area between the Nepean River and the higher ground on which stand the properties of Hadley Park and Nepean Park is one of a wide river floodplain divided by the fenceline setout of the original land grants. This rectilinear geometry, reinforced by the fences and lines of trees, is a significant element of the riverplain cultural landscape. • The landscape character around Hadley Park indicates how the early settlers altered their immediate surroundings by developing a working rural landscape of open pasture land, orchards, windbreaks, domestic and kitchen gardens.

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 31 figure 6 - STATUS OF EXISTING PLANTING

Details of numbered individual species and condition can be found in Appendix 1 - Plant Audit Base Plan Graham Edds 1996

32 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 Plantings and Landscape (refer Figure 6) Garden Design • The existing cultural heritage of the garden represents an evolving landscape from the early Regency period to the present day. • The original settler design was probably primarily functional to provide food (kitchen garden), protection from the strong westerly winds (windbreak) and comfort/social standing (traditional cottage garden form). • Archeological investigation and ground penetrating radar tests reveal little evidence of hard landscape elements of earlier gardens. • The post-war garden layout demonstrates continuation of earlier plantings, including opportunistic self seeding, additional fruit trees, fashionable/popular plantings of the period and sharing of local cuttings/seedlings. • The contemporary layout follows the post-war principles and is attractive in an eclectic fashion but lacking clear structure.

Historic Plantings • Based on document research and discussions with Ms Flower few early plantings remain. Remnant Peppercorns (Schinus ariera) indicate an original line of windbreak planting on the western side of the house and a small number of citrus trees with an anecdotal age each of 200 years are still in evidence. Condition of these few heritage plants is, in most cases, fair to poor.

Contemporary Plantings • Eclectic plantings around the immediate homestead and secondary curtilage have been planted in recent years and add character and interest, but in places tend to be at odds with the original simple layout of the garden. • Canopy from the mature trees planted approximately in 1965 on the Hadley Park fenceline facing east define the property and are clearly visible from Castlereagh Road.

Details of numbered individual species and condition can be found in Appendix 1 - Plant Audit Base Plan Graham Edds 1996

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 33 • Existing plantings include generational plantings from original species planted in the 19th century, salvaged plants from surrounding quarried areas and family descendants’ personal favourites. • Dense and overgrown plantings in the immediate area of the homestead in some places obscure views to and from the house. • The condition of contemporary plantings are broadly ranged through poor/fair/ good with the majority in the fair to good range.

Pests and Weeds • Some historically significant plant species are now classed as invasive and require classification to determine their invasive potential rating and suitable management (Puplijovski 2002). • Cranebrook Creek tributary banks have been identified as being heavily infested by the Honey Locust Tree (Gleditsia triacanthos) and the house lagoon with Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). • Historically significant plants, now classed as weed species, but of lesser invasive potential should be retained and conserved on the basis of horticultural maintenance as informed by the principles set down by the Burra Charter. • Invasive and opportunistic weed species in some cases are proving useful as windbreaks. The same result can be achieved over the longer term by replacing at senescence with suitable native or non invasive species. • There is little evidence on the site of established and/or breeding of feral animals, which is supported by the successful nest sites of small woodland birds that are located at low and exposed positions within the precincts of the garden. • There is evidence of feral pigs and wild rabbits in the surrounding areas of the PLDC Scheme.

34 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 PART B - BASIS FOR MANAGEMENT

PLANNING AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK The following subheadings set out the legislative framework and provisions under which the conservation for the heritage site of Hadley Park are managed. These include:

Deed of Agreement In 1987 as part of the consent to continue mining sand and gravel from the Penrith Lakes Scheme the NSW State Government and the Penrith Lakes Development Corporation entered into a Deed of Agreement which covered future operations and management of the land at Penrith Lakes.

Department of Planning In 1986 the NSW Department of Planning established the Sydney Regional Environmental Plan (SREP) No. 11 which provides for the implementation of the Penrith Lakes Scheme. SREP 11 identified a small number of heritage sites for retention that includes Hadley Park which is considered of national significance. As part of the implementation plan the following objectives were included:

• to provide a development control process establishing environmental and technical matters which must be taken into account in implement- ing the Penrith Lakes Scheme in order to protect the environment

– picture

The garden north west of the main house allows filtered views north and northwest through the planted windbreak towards the Hawkesbury Lookout. Some of the vegetation planted is now classed as noxious under the National Weeds Act 1993

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 35 Nepean Park Hadley Park McCarthy’s Cemetery McCarthy’s The Poplars Howell’s House Howell’s Landers Inn Hadley Park viewed from Hawkesbury Heights Lookout showing its location in relation to other heritage properties within the Penrith Lakes Development Scheme

36 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 • To identify and protect items of environmental heritage

The New South Wales Heritage Act 1977 The Heritage Act 1977 was made enactable to identify and conserve the environmental heritage of New South Wales. The Act includes provisions for protecting identified heritage items that include:

• any objects, deposit or material evidence relating to the settlement of the area that comprises NSW, not being Aboriginal settlement and which is fifty years or more years old. • The Act requires an excavation permit before any disturbance of land can be carried out on a heritage listed site. • If a relic is discovered or located the Heritage Office (now Heritage Branch) must be notified.

Existing landform to the immediate west of the Hadley Park house boundary includes a small freshwater backswamp or water body that was part of the creek and may have been the former water supply to the house and garden

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 37 Environmental Heritage Conservation Local Environmental Plan In 1991 Penrith Council gazetted the Environmental Heritage Conservation Local Environmental Plan (EHCLEP) that set out special provisions for the protection of heritage items which includes the Hadley Park property. The provisions set out in the plan require a consent from Penrith Council before any work is carried out on the site or its vicinity.

Aust. International Council on Monuments & Sites Burra Charter In 1999 Australia ICOMOS, the peak body of professionals working in heritage conservation adopted revisions to the Burra Charter which inform the LMP for the conservation of Hadley Park.

THE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN In June 2008 the heritage consultants Godden Mackay Logan (GML) issued a Conservation Management Plan to PLDC, which draws on the Heritage Strategy prepared by GML for the Scheme in 2007.

Statement of Significance The GML/CMP provides a Statement of Significance for sites including Hadley Park, which read as follows:

Penrith Lakes represents the remains of what was formally a substantially intact rural colonial landscape of a significantly large scale. While the diminution of integrity of this historically significant rural landscape and the progressive loss of the vast majority of individual heritage sites it contained has negatively impacted on this cultural landscape, the significance of what remains at the site has been elevated due to its rarity.

Penrith Lakes contains some of Australia’s earliest surviving and rare historical fabric, including built structures, archaeological resources and landscape features, which individually are highly significant, but collectively represent a historical resource of exceptional significance.

Penrith Lakes is significant as the home of a small but well established farming community established shortly after the formal land grants of 1803 which remains one of Australia’s oldest continuing rural communities. The community which developed here comprised a close knit network based on religious and familial ties, many of which have continued over two hundred years. The ongoing presence of the same family groups over

38 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 successive generations, with continuing use of the land, has engendered a strong sense of social significance and an enduring attachment to the landscape.

Penrith Lakes is significant for its research potential, containing some substantially intact, rare historical fabric that has the potential to yield further information about the early settlement and subsequent development of the district, and the way of life of those who lived and worked here. The surviving fabric at Penrith Lakes, such as the potential archaeological resource, the cemeteries, the architectural styles and construction techniques of surviving structures, the evidence of amalgamation and subdivision of properties and the linkages between individual and collective sites has the potential to reveal a great deal about the social, economic, religious and demographic composition and organisation of this small rural farming community. It provides a major research, educational and interpretive resource.

Conservation Policies As stated by GML/CMP “Conservation of the natural and cultural landscape setting is integral to the care and management of heritage sites”.

The GML CMP describes the natural heritage of the site, by way of the garden and surrounding curtilage as follows:

Maintain garden and implement weed management system. Retain any noxious or invasive species (self seeding etc) within site curtilage but do not replace when dead. Replace with similar native species. Consider re-establishing a kitchen garden. and;

The curtilage might be extended to include original grant portions of Hadley Park and Nepean Park. The area within this curtilage could be managed as a cultural landscape. A buffer zone beyond the curtilage could be established and managed as open pastoral land with a rural character. further;

Setting is regarded as an essential part of heritage significance, recognised

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 39 by Australia ICOMOS in the Burra Charter. Proposed future changes in landuse, or development of adjoining and nearby lands need to be carefully examined for any potential impacts on the quality of setting.

and:

The broad-scale change to the landform and vegetation across the Penrith Lakes site provides opportunities for natural heritage, including the reinstatement of indigenous plant communities such as the Cumberland Plain Woodland - identified as an Endangered Ecological Community under Schedule 1 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW).

The GML CMP conservation policies that are of relevance to the management of Hadley Park further read as follows:

Policy 32 – Cultural and Natural Heritage The Penrith Lakes Scheme area will be managed according to the principle that cultural and natural heritage values are mutually supportive. Where the management needs of the two kinds are in conflict, the needs of the cultural heritage values will prevail within the curtilages of heritage sites.

Policy 33 – Landscape and Setting Management The landscape and setting of the heritage site will be managed and developed as a central and fundamental part of the area’s overall significance. Explanatory note: in this context, ‘landscape’ refers to landscaping such as trees, plantings, garden beds, grant boundaries, fencelines, kerbs, paths etc, as well as the wider cultural landscape.

Policy 34 - Management of the Effects of Change on the Landscape and Setting Changes to the area’s landscaping will be sympathetic to the heritage values of Castlereagh and heritage sites within the area, particularly (although not solely) in relation to the area’s aesthetic values.

Policy 35 - Guidelines for Landscaping Repairs The maintenance of significant landscaping at the site will be undertaken as a matter of high priority, according to relative levels of significance, and as part of an ongoing maintenance program.

40 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 Policy 36 - Storage and Disposal of Rubbish, Garden Waste and Building Materials The storage and disposal of waste products at heritage sites will be carried out in a manner that is consistent with the site’s heritage value.

Policy 37 - Protection of Setting and Management and Development of Adjoining Lands The appropriate authorities will monitor and regulate proposals for the development of the area in the vicinity of heritage sites and associated historic views to ensure that there is no adverse impact on the wider setting of the place or heritage values generally.

Policy 38 - Maintenance Guidelines for Landscape A proactive and ongoing program of cyclical, planned maintenance will be undertaken at heritage sites consistent with heritage values.

Policy 39 - Conservation of Significant Landscape Elements Significant landscape elements will be conserved in accordance with their level of significance to the area as a whole.

Policy 40 - Landscape Maintenance Schedule The significant landscape components of the heritage sites will be managed in accordance with an adopted Maintenance Schedule.

Policy 41 - Problem Trees and Arboricultural Maintenance Regular arboriculture inspection should be undertaken and a tree maintenance program developed for heritage trees.

Policy 46 - Conservation of Significant Historic Views The form and location of future development/change within the Scheme area will be determined by (among other considerations) identified significant views. Development should not impede within the identified historic view lines that extend to and from heritage sites.

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 41 LANDSCAPE PRINCIPLES Based on the analysis outlined in Part A of this LMP and the directions identified in the GML/CMP and other related documents, the following principles could apply for the future planning, design and management of the landscape and gardens at Hadley Park.

Land Use and Management – Maintain a working garden and landscape that reflects the sites agricultural and horticultural heritage. – The adjoining and contributory landscape could extend to include original grant portions of Hadley Park and Nepean Park. – Ensure all land management activities are environmentally sustainable. – Ensure no additions are introduced which will compromise, damage or obscure the significance of the structures or their immediate setting. – Ensure no new structures are located amongst the existing buildings. – Ensure that commercial land uses or events at Hadley Park are compatible with the site’s original function as well as with its heritage significance. – Involve the Hadley family descendant in the care and stewardship of the gardens.

Access and Circulation – Optimise public access within the landscape without compromise to other land uses or the fabric of the place. – Limit visitors to Hadley Park and gardens to help protect the fabric of the house and surrounds by controlled access, both of numbers and tour frequency. – Ensure vehicular access and circulation meets the shared and independent needs of both Hadley Park and Nepean Park. – Minimise constructed roadways necessary to meet operational needs.

42 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 – Retain a simple path circulation within the gardens that meets functional needs and assists in understanding of the gardens history and its landscape context.

Natural systems – Revegetate with endemic native flora wherever practical within the immediate landscape of the property and where this is appropriate from a cultural heritage perspective. – Create and conserve wildlife corridors that link the house and gardens to the river and lakes. – Enhance the natural hydraulics of the pre-existing creek system adjoining the gardens.

Cultural and Natural Heritage – Conserve and interpret the Aboriginal heritage with the involvement of the Aboriginal stakeholders within the landscape of Hadley Park. – Conserve all significant fabric from early European and contemporary heritage of the site. – Manage the heritage curtilages of the landscape and gardens to maintain a sense of place for Hadley Park and Nepean Park and to reflect 19th century land grant patterns.

Landscape Character and Image – Define, enhance and conserve the visual connections between Hadley Park, other heritage sites and key landmarks within the Scheme and the locality. – Retain or reinstate important historic sightlines to neighbouring landmarks and heritage properties if possible. The placement of any new plantings or structures should not obstruct views. – Optimise views from the house and gardens to the escarpments east and west without compromise to protection of site from prevailing wind. – Optimise public visual access to the house, gardens and landscape from adjoining footpaths and roads.

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 43 – Reinforce the orthoganol geometry of the original land grants in the landscape using fencelines, plantings and entry roads. – Ensure that vehicular and pedestrian access provides clear views to the house at distance and on close approach.

Plantings and Landscape – Reinstate and maintain a simple and functional garden layout reflective of its original Georgian rural past. – Reinstate kitchen garden using any surviving features associated with the former kitchen garden. – Conserve historic plantings and plant replacement species which reflect the layers of both heritage and contemporary use ofthe garden and landscape. – Protect the house and gardens from strong west winds by planted windbreaks whilst retaining framed views west to the Blue Mountains Escarpment. – Minimise and reduce the impact of environmental weeds through appropriate replacement plant selection and sustainable landscape management practices.

Interpretation – Ensure that the Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal heritage of the landscape is interpreted in a sensitive manner. – Wherever possible tell the story of Hadley Park through the landscape, land uses and plantings. – Include and interpret Hadley Park as part of The Great River Walk and any future Penrith Lakes Heritage Trail. – Ensure any interpretive signage is not obtrusive to the site and the style is consistent throughout the Penrith Lakes Scheme area. – Publication of an educational brochure could be produced relating the social and architectural heritage of Hadley Park.

44 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 PART C - LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

In this section the management strategy for the future of Hadley Park is set out under the following headings:

– Landuse Opportunities and Constraints. – Landscape Heritage Curtilage and Outer Landscapes. – Landscape Concept and Garden Precincts. – Management and Maintenance Precincts.

LANDUSE OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS Key strategies for future land and landscape use will be highly dependent on the future use of the main house itself and which, given its relatively fragile nature, is unlikely to include public access.

Potential land uses for the gardens and adjoining lands might include:

Gardens – Limited open days and visitor numbers for guided tours only of the restored and reinstated gardens.

Land South and Southwest of the Lagoon – Siting of a possible new single storey building within a discrete and sympathetic setting to the immediate southwest of Hadley Park to accommodate a permanent curator for maintenance and passive surveillance of the house and grounds. – Commercial agriculture practices that reflect and interpret past agricultural practices. – Opportunities for native nursery and propagation.

Land East of the House – Potential for open parkland areas close to the proposed lake edge to create an active hub well away from the Hadley Park property.

Land South of the House – Small scale market garden and ‘farm gate’ produce. – Opportunity may exist for a waterfront beach edge for hand propelled craft.

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 45 figure 7 - 1996 recommended curtilages

The curtilages as proposed by Graham Edds and Associates in the 1996 Conservation Man- agement Plan. The inner red line shows the “recommended minimum curtilage for retention of site”. The outer red line shows the “recommended minimum curtilage for retention of site context”.

46 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 – Potential for open parkland areas adjoining the proposed lake to create an active hub well away from the Hadley Park property. – Opportunity for a viewing platform looking south across the proposed lake to a possible urban centre. Site may include interpretive signage informing of Aboriginal Cultural Heritage.

CURTILAGES Prior Curtilages (refer Figure 7) In the 1996 Conservation Management Plan undertaken by Graham Edds and Associates the proposed curtilage boundaries for Hadley Park and Nepean Park are shown.

The curtilages were based on current landform at the time and show “recommended minimum curtilage for retention of site” with no quarrying and “recommended minimum curtilage for retention of site context” with allowance for quarrying.

While these curtilages were intended to conserve Hadley Park and Nepean Park and their immediate landscape, the boundaries appear to be more reflective of operational functions than a reflective of historic landscape associations.

Proposed Hertitage Curtilage & Outer Landscapes (refer Figure 8) Within the current design framework the proposed heritage curtilage and outer landscapes shown consider the post quarrying environment as follows:

– The possible heritage curtilage is the immediate area around the homestead and garden which includes the kitchen and ornamental gardens. The area is considered to be in most need of conservation and has the highest concentration of historic landscape elements. – The possible adjoining landscape encompasses the greater garden of Hadley Park including its outbuildings and extends to and around the Nepean Park property. The area includes the entry road, remnant stand of Angophora subvelutina to the north of the property and Cranebrook Creek tributary as being integral parts of the site which give historical context to both properties. – The possible contributory landscape extends to the remaining

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 47 figure 8 - PROPOSED curtilage and OUTER landscapeS

Proposed Wildlife Lake 3

Proposed Hadley Main Lake Park

1 3

Nepean Park 2

1 Heritage curtilage 2 Adjoining landscape 3 Contributory landscape

48 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 parts of the original grant boundaries of Hadley Park and Nepean Park west to the Nepean River and east to the proposed lake edge and part of the landbridge connection. This landscape could include the Aboriginal site to the south of Nepean Park.

LANDSCAPE CONCEPT & garden PRECINCTS (refers Figure 9 & 10) The Landscape Concept illustrated in Figure 9 shows the broader landscape concept for the integration of Hadley Park into the restored landscape of the wider Penrith Lakes Scheme.

The Immediate Garden Precincts illustrated in Figure 10 identifies the possible key elements proposed for the long term future of the gardens and immediate landscape of Hadley Park. The key elements outlined could include:

The Approach and Driveway This precinct aims to accommodate the low key access road and paths of compacted crushed gravel and the restoration of indigenous vegetation. Key features for this precinct could include:

– Views west to the Blue Mountains Escarpment on northern approach over proposed landbridge. – Wildlife corridor vegetation pockets on approach from the north. – Hide and reveal views to house and garden controlled by vegetation on the south side of the proposed landbridge. – Curved access roadway restoring original arrival to Hadley Park.

The Dairy and Nepean Park Boundary This precinct can reflect the open character landscape with opportunities for both commercial and public interactive scope. Key features for this precinct could include:

– Maintain open rural landscape of the space with clear views of historic outbuildings. – Opportunity for market gardening ‘farm gate, pick your own’ produce. – Possible lease of productive land to west and rear of Hadley Park.

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 49 figure 9 - PROPOSED landscape concept : broader context

HOWELL’S HOUSE

s u

o Conservation

’ Wildlife Lake

o t

ew Cranebrook Creek i

V link to lake

Remnant stand Cranebrook Creek of Angophora link to lake retained

astle

e v

i Access road

R r

eagh Road n

a Hide and reveal views e

p to escarpment to Hadley Park

e View N

HADLEY Maintain views to Christ Agriculture/Horticulture/ PARK Church and Castlereagh Market garden options Escarpment Parkland/event car park

Existing Nepean NEPEAN Conservation of Aboriginal Park Fields retained PARK PADs site

Lookout

Tree planting and

fencelines adjoining V ie productive land w a reflect original land c ro grant geometry ss Reinstate creek lak hydraulics e ie solar pump from lake

Public Path Access road GRW

50 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 – Replace ‘weed’ species with appropriate non-invasive species. – Remove vegetation which threaten any structural integrity of buildings.

The Eastern Parklands This precinct comprises the area between Hadley Park and the proposed lake edge below the access road that will lead to the property. The area will be of an open natural landscape with future possible opportunities that could include key features of:

– Open waterfront grassland area for use as public recreation space with views to the house. – Cars permitted for park access (small car park provided). – Area for event and function hosting. – Clear views to Castlereagh Escarpment, Christ Church, Lake and possible urban centre to the south. – Interpretation of views and social/historical connections. – Interpretation of Aboriginal heritage subject to consultation with Aboriginal stakeholders and Aboriginal community members.

The Southern Parklands This precinct lies between the southern boundary of Nepean Park and the proposed lake edge. The area will be of an open natural landscape with future possible opportunities that could include key features of:

– Open grassland area for use as public recreation space. – Possible parking facility. – Possible beach access by self-propelled water craft. – Viewing platform from southern edge across lake to possible urban centre. – Interpretation of views and social/historical connections. – Interpretation of Aboriginal site and historical association subject to consultation with Aboriginal stakeholders and Aboriginal community members.

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 51 figure 10 - immediate garden precinct possible concept options

former wash house retain and reinstate significant viewlines open aspect to retain view north to Howell’s House through windbreak north and northwest to the Hawkesbury Lookout and Howell’s House domestic livestock enclosure to include former chicken coop

lawn area

reinstate actual/interpretive kitchen garden using existing post as guide 1806 timber retain small ornamental fishpond slab hut gravel courtyard surrounding timber slab hut will protect building fabric retain and enhance 19th century cottage garden 1812 main reinstate or reproduce original gate farmhouse selective plant relocation to open up front view of house

perennial garden with surrounding shrubbery to help define space to retain and reinstate significant include interpretive former path viewlines through windbreak to down to creek crossing Blue Mountains Escarpment stables and carriage house gravel circulation path for guided garden tours former tennis court as lawn area consolidate vehicle access to to act as possible meeting point creek, creek crossing and to for guided garden tours productive land to west split post and rail fencing in early front of house and garden milking shed

feed shed vehicle set down and dairy turnaround for head stalls disabled access

rebuild creek crossing bridge for access to fields retain existing windbreak

vehicle entry to Hadley Park and shared access road to Nepean Park

potential curator residence

52 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 The Immediate Gardens (refer Figure 10) The precinct of the gardens comprises the front cottage garden, kitchen and perennial gardens, planted windbreaks and immediate areas around the homestead. Key features for this precinct could include:

– A 19th Century cottage garden and lawn at the eastern frontage of the house with a split timber post and rail fence and crushed sandstone/gravel access path to the front entrance of the house. – A kitchen garden (actual/interpretive) east of the timber slab cottage where evidence suggests the original kitchen garden was located. – A crushed sandstone/gravel courtyard south of the timber slab cottage with framed views west to the Blue Mountains Escarpment. – A perennial garden with surrounding shrubbery to the southwest of the main house. – A domestic livestock enclosure to the rear and north of the house incorporating the planted windbreak. – Crushed sandstone/gravel circulation paths around the house and gardens as clear access for any limited guided garden tours. – Lawn area (interpretive) of former tennis court to act as possible meeting point for any limited guided garden tours. – Reinstatement of significant framed views through existing windbreak to the Blue Mountains Escarpment.

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 53 figure 11 - extant hadley park curtilage possible concept options

Wildlife Lake

Main Lake

the extant original grant portion east and west of Hadley Park has revenue raising potential by retaining its agricultural past with the possible use of the land for commercial horticultural practice, orchards or market gardens Hadley Park possible fodder/ annual crop as interpretation of past fields

the fields west of Nepean Park and down to the river are still under agricutural use today Nepean Park

54 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 The Western Fields and Nepean Park Fields (refer Figure 11) This precinct lies between the upper terrace of the Nepean River and the existing Cranebrook Creek which flows north into the proposed Wildlife Lake. The area with its formal orthogonal landscape reflects its agricultural past is bounded by re-established native vegetation. Key features for this precinct could include:

– Retention of historical agricultural character. – Opportunity for commercial agricultural and market garden activity. – Possible orchard planting to the north. – Possible fodder/annual crop planting east of Hadley Park before the main lake edge to interpret the sites history of land use. – Possible use by Greening Australia or similar organisation for the benefit of the Scheme.

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 55 PART D - IMPLEMENTATION

In this section the LMP outlines the key elements of implementation that include: – Conservation Standards – Landscape Design Principles – Landscape Conservation Works – New Landscape Works – Management Precincts – Management and Maintenance – Work Priorities and Resourcing – Performance Indicators and Monitoring

CONSERVATION standards All work undertaken on the landscape of Hadley Park is to conform with relevant heritage legislation and best practice in conservation.

The conservation principles as recommended in the CMP (GML 2008) relevant to the landscape works could include:

– Inspection of homestead (currently being undertaken) and associated outbuildings to be carried out by heritage architect to identify condition and to determine possible appropriate conservation strategies by end owner. – Removal of vegetation encroaching or threatening the fabric of any structural elements. – Retention and reinstatment of significant historic views and sightlines. – Retention and reinstatment (where possible) of original lot lines and windbreaks. – Implementation of a weed management system. – Immediate cessation of any investigative excavations required for conservation works and NSW National Parks and Wildlife to be informed on discovery of any Aboriginal relics

56 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 landscape Design principles Landscape concepts and design for the gardens and immediate landscape of Hadley Park to be informed by the site wide Masterplan (2008) and Conservation Management Plan (GML 2008). Core design principles that inform the process could include:

– Use of simple geometry and garden design layout reflective of the history of Hadley Park. – Retaining visual and physical links between the house and garden, the surrounding landscape and other heritage sites. – Use of a locally sourced materials. – Use of ecoligical and sustainable materials in any new works. landscape conservation works Key landscape conservation works could include:

– Reinstatement of former plant species where they have been determined from documented evidence, preferably using locally provenanced stock. – Propagation of seedlings from original garden plant species (or self seeded stock from former plantings) for future replacement of any historically significant plantings, to be determined from documented evidence and prior to senescence of original species. – Reinstatement of former kitchen garden, position to be determined from site and documentory evidence. Kitchen garden may be actual or interpretive. – Restoration and reinstatement of original fence lot lines using appropriate to site fencing or planting.

NEW landscape WORKS Key features of new landscape works to be incorporated in a possible Design Masterplan and any subsequent detailed design could include:

– Installation of sandstone/gravel access circulation paths, around the house and gardens.

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 57 figure 12 - PROPOSED Management precincts

Proposed Wildlife Lake

The Approach & Driveway

The Gardens The Western Fields The Eastern Proposed Lake The Parklands Dairy

Nepean Par k Boundary

Nepean Park Fields Nepean Park Cranebrook Creek

Nepean Park Boundary

Lake Edge The Southern Parklands

Primary curtilage Contributory curtilage Lake Edg Management Precincts

Secondary curtilage

58 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 – Installation of sandstone/gravel open courtyard areas. – Planting within heritage curtilage to contain a mix of natives and non-invasive exotics appropriate to a heritage site of similar history or as recommended by the heritage landscape architect. – Interpretation signage or other to be unobtrusive, site sympathetic and consistent in style to the whole site. – Fencing of the primary curtilage to be traditional split timber post and rail or similar. – New garden furniture and fixtures within the heritage curtilage to be low key, discrete, appropriate to the site and principally of timber or metal. – New water storage tanks to be circular, unpainted corrugated iron in keeping with existing and historic context. – New landscape areas around any building additions beyond the immediate heritage curtilage to be simple/contemporary with, where possible, locally sourced materials. – Re-instatement of Cranebrook Creek tributary crossing using traditional building methods in keeping with the history of the site.

PROPOSED MANAGEMENT PRECINCTS This section defines the possible management precincts within the heritage, adjoining landscape and contributory landscape of Hadley Park. as detailed in Figure 12.

Proposed key management precincts are defined as: – The Gardens precinct includes the immediate area around the homestead of cottage garden, kitchen garden, perennial gardens, domestic livestock garden, working sheds, former tennis court, gravel courtyard and circulation paths. – The Dairy precinct includes the working outbuildings, former stables and open grassed areas. – Cranebrook Creek precinct includes the Cranebrook Creek tributary and crossing, freshwater lagoon, the remnant stand of Angophora subvelutina on the southern lake edge of the

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 59 Wildlife Lake through to the entry of Cranebrook Creek on the lake edge south of Nepean Park. – The Approach and Driveway precinct includes the landbridge spillway with sacrificial native grasslands, designated wildlife corridor pockets, gravel access road to Hadley Park and Nepean Park and part of the Great River Walk. – The precinct areas of The Eastern Parklands, The Southern Parklands, Nepean Park Boundary include wildlife corridor pockets, picnic spot and open parkland. – The lake edge precinct to the south of Nepean Park Fields includes the reinstated open woodland. – The precinct areas of The Western Fields and Nepean Park Fields includes all working agricultural areas.

MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE The proposed Landscape Management areas illustrated in Figure 12 identify the proposed management precincts within the heritage curtilage and outer landscapes that reflect the varying degree of management and maintenance for each precinct. Key features for these management precincts could include:

– Heritage curtilage include the main house, timber slab cottage, cottage garden, former kitchen garden, perennial garden, former tennis court and working outbuildings – Adjoining landscape include The Dairy, Nepean Park and outbuildings, Cranebrook Creek tributary and the freshwater lagoon through to the remnant stand of Angophora (Angophora subvelutina) – Contributory landscape include the Western and Nepean Park Fields, the Eastern Parklands and Southern Parklands and the approach and immediate areas beyond both heritage sites of Hadley Park and Nepean Park

60 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 The maintenance performance which could be required for each proposed precinct are detailed below. Key performance requirements could include:

– The Gardens precinct is to be regularly maintained on a weekly basis as per a heritage garden of similar significance. Existing trees to be pruned or removed by a qualified arborist, after consultation with the heritage landscape architect. Hand tools to be used or where necessary appropriate light powered equipment. Gardens are to be irrigated by hand held hose or watering can. – The Dairy precinct to be kept clear of elements not in character with working farm outbuildings. Grassed areas to be kept mown and regularly maintained and existing trees to be pruned or removed when and where appropriate by a qualified arborist after consultation with the heritage landscape architect. – Cranebrook Creek tributary creekline precinct, which includes the remnant stand of Angophora subvelutina at the northern edge of the site. Creekline to be reinstated, plants identified and cleared of invasive weeds by a qualified bush regenerator with DEC licence and replaced, where appropriate, with endemic natives. Existing exotic windbreak to be maintained but on senescence replaced with endemic species except where of historical significance ie: Peppercorn Schinus( ariera) windbreak. – The Approach and Driveway precinct (which includes the sacrificial native grass/low shrub planting on the edge of the landbridge spillway planted as a wildlife corridor/habitat for small ground dwelling fauna, birds and insects) is to be inspected bi-annually and any maintenance necessary carried out by a qualified bush regenerator with DEC licence. Precinct is to include regular regrading of the gravel access road. – The Eastern Parklands, The Southern Parklands, Nepean Park Boundary precincts to be regularly slashed and maintained as open parkland with any designated picnic spot area to be kept mown. – Lake edge precinct to the south of Nepean Park Fields to be

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 61 maintained as open woodland with bi-annual inspections by a qualified bush regenerator with DEC licence prior to any recommended maintenance being carried out. – The Western Fields and Nepean Park Fields precincts to be maintained as working agricultural areas. Traditional fencelines to be regularly inspected by specialist heritage fencing contractor with maintenance and repairs to be carried out where recommended.

WORK PRIORITIES AND RESOURCING This section identifies the details of work which could be prioritised and carried out on the site with recommendations for possible design, documentation, costs and construction.

Key recommendations include the following possible outcomes: – Identification and tagging of plants to be retained within the heritage curtilage to include house gardens, immediate surrounds and windbreak to the immediate west of the site. Inspection and recommendations to be carried out and documented by the heritage landscape architect and qualified arborist informed by the history of the site. – Development of the site as described by the Landscape Masterplan (Clouston 2009). – Refinement of design of the house, gardens and immediate homestead as described by the heritage landscape architect informed by the history of the site and to include limited access for future visitors. – Documentation of costing for construction recommendations as described by the Landscape Masterplan (Clouston 2009) and the sites heritage landscape architect.

62 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 performance indicators and MONIToRING This section identifies the performance indicators that usually monitor and measure the success for each landscape type throughout the site.

Key performance success measures usually include: – Healthy growth of exotic plants retained and where replaced with alternative of similar heritage era. – Healthy growth of native plants and where possible propagated from local seed source – Invasive and noxious weeds removed from heritage curtilage, Cranebrook Creek tributary creekline and to include removal of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) from freshwater body immediate west of house – Significant historic views and sightlines to be unobstructed but without compromise to effectiveness of western boundary windbreak – Minimal and unobtrusive repairs to be conducted throughout site except where conservation is required to the heritage structures – Timber split post and rail boundary fence around immediate house and front entry to reflect the history of the site – Realignment of traditional arrival and set down to enable visitors to view house as originally intended

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 63 bibliography/ references

Bently, F and Birmingham J. 1981. Penrith Lakes Scheme Regional Environmental Study

Britton, Geoffrey & Morris, Colleen. 1999. Castlereagh Cultural Land- scape Study. Assessment and Recommendations Final Report. Report prepared for Penrith Lakes Development Corporation

Comber, Jillian. 2008. Brief Darug History. Discussion Paper. Report prepared for Penrith Lakes Development Corporation

French, Brian A. 1996. Re-appraisal of the Penrith Lakes Scheme and a Conservation Plan for Hadley Park Castlereagh. Unpublished Report University of Western Sydney

Godden Lackay Logan P/L. 2008. Conservation Management Plan for Penrith Lakes Scheme (Draft). Report prepared for Penrith Lakes Devel- opment Corporation

Graham Edds and Associates. 1996 Hadley Park RMB 113 Castlereagh Road, Castlereagh, NSW Conservation Management Plan. Report prepared for Penrith Lakes Development Corporation

Kerr, James Semple. 1996. The Conservation Plan: A Guide To the Prep- aration of Conservation Plans for Places of European Cultural Signifi- cance. The National Trust (NSW).

Kohen, James. 1983. Archaeological Survey of Aboriginal Relics. Department of Environment and Planning

Lavelle, Siobhan. 1996. Archeological Assessment ‘Hadley Park’, Pen- rith Lakes Scheme Area, Castlereagh, NSW. Report prepared for Penrith Lakes Development Corporation Liston Carol. Unpublished. Research Towards a History of Castlereagh to 1906. Report prepared for Penrith Lakes Development Corporation

64 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 Puplijovski, Romina (Mission Australia). 2002. The Invasive Potential of Cultural Plantings at Hadley Park– A Response to Proposed Conservation of PLDC Historic Precinct Gardens. Report prepared for Penrith Lakes Development Corporation

Sonnemann, Tim & Wilson, Andrew. 2008. Ground Penetrating Radar Survey of Sites in the Penrith Lakes Scheme for Godden Mackay Logan. Archaeological Computing Laboratory the University of Sydney

Truman, Zaniol & Associates. 2007. Hadley Park: A Conservation Man- agement Plan & Schedule of Works. Report prepared for Penrith Lakes Development Corporation

HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i october 2009 65 APPENDIX

66 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE I october 2009 HADLEY PARK APPENDIX– PRIMARY CURTI1 - DRAFTLAGE PLANT AUDIT HADLEY PARK PLANT AUDIT FjUNEOR PR 2008OP OSED HERITAGE CURTILAGE

FOR LOCATION OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES IDENTIFIED BY NUMBER REFER TO FIGURE 6 PAGE 32 Condition: Poor/Fair/Good

Plant Botanical Name Common Name Condition Recommendation Comment No. TREES 1 Acer spp. Maple Good Pruning around base 2 Acer spp. Maple Good Clear around trunk Windbreak Acer spp. Maple Good Clear around trunk Windbreak 4 Acmena smithii Lilly Pilly Good Retain Retain as windbreak. Imported from Castlereagh Road 5 Acmena smithii Lilly Pilly Good Retain Retain as windbreak. Imported from Castlereagh Road 6 Acmena smithii Lilly Pilly Good Retain Windbreak. 7 Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine Poor Remove Failing 8 Brachychiton acerifolius Illawarra Flame Tree Good Retain Windbreak. Imported from Castlereagh Road 9 Brachychiton populifolius Kurrajong Poor Retain and conserve informed by Failed. Since removed (Sept.2009) the burra Charter principles 10 Carya illinoiensis Pecan Nut Good Prune. Maintain using appropriate Local Historical significance horticulture practice

11 Casuarina cunninghamiana River She-oak Good Remove Lantana 12 Corymbia maculata Spotted Gum Good Retain Windbreak. Imported from Castlereagh Road 1 Cupressus lusitanica Mexican Cypress Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice. 14 Cupressus lusitanica Mexican Cypress Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice.

october 2009 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i 67 Plant Botanical Name Common Name Condition Recommendation Comment No. 15 Cupressus lusitanica Mexican Cypress Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 16 Cupressus torulosa bhutan Cypress Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 17 Eucalyptus amplifolia Cabbage Gum Good Retain Local Historical significance. Known as widow maker as has propensity to drop limbs unexpectedly 18 Eucalyptus deanei Mountain blue Gum Good Retain Unusual eucalypt for river flat community. Two other of the species sited on boundary between Nepean Park and Hadley Park 19 Ficus carica Eating Fig Good Arborist assessment for possible relocation 20 Grevillea robusta Silky oak Fair Remove Extremely close to hay shed wall and will in time cause problems with undermining foundations and shed wall structure 21 Jacarandah mimosifolia Jacarandah Good Maintain using appropriate Local Historical significance horticulture practice 22 Jacarandah mimosifolia Jacarandah Poor Remove heavy ivy infestation. Local Historical significance Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 2 Juniperus virginiana Pencil Cedar Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 24 Lagerstroemia indica Crepe Myrtle Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 25 Lagerstroemia indica Crepe Myrtle Fair Prune. Deadwood 26 Lagerstroemia indica Crepe Myrtle Fair Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice

october 2009 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i 68 Plant Botanical Name Common Name Condition Recommendation Comment No. 27 Lagerstroemia indica Crepe Myrtle Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 28 Lagerstroemia indica Crepe Myrtle Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 29 Lagerstroemia indica Crepe Myrtle Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 0 Melaleuca bracteata River Tea Tree Good Maintain using appropriate ‘Revolution Gold’ horticulture practice 1 Melia azedarach White Cedar Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 2 Melia azedarach White Cedar Good Retain. Species has self seeded Arborist assessment recommended for removal of adjacent young sapling Melia azedarach White Cedar Good Prune as required 4 Melia azedarach White Cedar Has been removed 5 Morus alba Mulberry Tree Poor Remove. Mature Species is part of historical cultural plantings of the area but potentially invasive 6 Morus alba Mulberry Tree Fair Prune. Mature Species is part of historical cultural plantings of the area but potentially invasive therefore may need appropriate management in future 7 Olea europa olive Tree Fair Arborist assessment for possible Close proximity to adjacent tree relocation 8 Pinus caribaea Slash Pine Fair Maintain using appropriate Local Historical significance horticulture practice 9 Prunus x domestica Plum Good Remove Local Historical significance 40 Prunus x domestica Plum Good Maintain using appropriate Local Historical significance horticulture practice 41 Prunus x domestica Plum Good Maintain using appropriate Local Historical significance horticulture practice

october 2009 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i 69 Plant Botanical Name Common Name Condition Recommendation Comment No. 42 Prunus x domestica Plum Good Maintain using appropriate Local Historical significance horticulture practice 4 Salix babylonica Weeping Willow Poor Remove lantana and balloon vine Species is part of historical cultural plantings of the area but potentially invasive close to waterways. Will need appropriate management in future 44 Salix matsudana Tortured Willow Poor Remove. Has been subject to Close proximity to adjacent Pecan borer 45 Schinus ariera Peppercorn Tree Good Remove Lantana Local Historical significance Species is part of historical cultural plantings of the area but potentially invasive close to waterways. Will need appropriate management in future 46 Schinus ariera Peppercorn Tree Remove overtaken by self sown Grevillea robusta 47 Schinus ariera Peppercorn Tree Good Retain Local Historical significance Windbreak. Species is part of historical cultural plantings of the area but potentially invasive 48 Schinus ariera Peppercorn Tree Good Retain Local Historical significance Windbreak. Species is part of historical cultural plantings of the area but potentially invasive 49 Trachycarpus fortunei Chusan Palm Good Retain Local Historical significance 50 Trachycarpus fortunei Chusan Palm Good Retain Local Historical significance 51 Trachycarpus fortunei Chusan Palm Good Relocate Local Historical significance Arborist assessment for possible relocation to give clear sightline to front of the main house

october 2009 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i 70 Plant Botanical Name Common Name Condition Recommendation Comment No. 52 Trachycarpus fortunei Chusan Palm Good Retain Local Historical significance 5 Trachycarpus fortunei Chusan Palm Good Retain Local Historical significance 54 Quercus robur English oak Good Relocate Arborist assessment for possible relocation

Plant Botanical Name Common Name Condition Recommendation Comment No. SHRUBS 55 Callistemon species bottlebrush Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 56 Callistemon species bottlebrush Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 57 Callistemon species bottlebrush Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 58 Callistemon species bottlebrush Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 59 Callistemon species bottlebrush Previously removed 60 Camellia japonica Pink Camellia Good Prune. Maintain using appropriate ‘Macarthur’ horticulture practice 61 Camellia japonica Red Camellia Good Prune. Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 62 Camellia japonica Pink Camellia ‘Lady Good Possible relocation post any Loch’ assessment of foundations of Hadley House 6 Camellia species White Camellia Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 64 Cassia bicapsularis Cassia Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice

october 2009 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i 71 Plant Botanical Name Common Name Condition Recommendation Comment No. 65 Cereus elegans Night Flowering Previously removed Cereus 66 Cestrum elegans Pink Cestrum Good Prune. Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 67 Cestrum fusciculatum Purple Cestrum Good Prune. Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 68 Chaenomeles japonica Flowering Qunice Good Prune. Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 69 Chaenomeles japonica Flowering Qunice Good Prune. Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 70 Chaenomeles japonica Flowering Qunice Good Prune. Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 71 Citrus limon Lemonade Good Prune. Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 72 Citrus limon Rough Lemon Fair Remove vine. Maintain using Local Historical significance appropriate horticulture practice Traditional farmhouse lemon 7 Citrus sinensis Valencia orange Good Arborist assessment. Maintain Local Historical significance using appropriate horticulture practice 74 Citrus sinensis Valencia orange Fair Arborist assessment. Maintain Local Historical significance using appropriate horticulture practice 75 Eroibotrya japonica Loquat Good Maintain using appropriate Local Historical significance horticulture practice 76 Hibiscus syriacus Syrian Hibiscus Good Prune 78 Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea Good Maintain using appropriate Plant relocated from Nepean Park horticulture practice. Remove climber 79 Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea Good Maintain using appropriate Assessment for possible relocation horticulture practice

october 2009 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i 72 Plant Botanical Name Common Condition Recommendation Comment No. Name 80 Jasminum mesnyi Yellow Jasmine Good Possible relocatation Assess for possible relocation/replacement as formal entry point to Hadley House 81 Ligustrum sininse Small Leafed Good Maintain regular hedge pruning The remaining parts of the hedge Privet – Hedge practice as the species potentially located here are significant to the invasive. Recommend some contemporary history of Hadley Park individual plant relocation to consolidate and re-instate hedge 82 Ligustrum sininse Small Leafed Good Maintain regular hedge pruning The remaining parts of the hedge Privet – Hedge practice as the species potentially located here are significant to the invasive. Recommend some contemporary history of Hadley Park individual plant relocation to consolidate and re-instate hedge 8 Ligustrum sininse Small Leafed Good Maintain regular hedge pruning The remaining parts of the hedge Privet – Hedge practice as the species potentially located here are significant to the invasive. Recommend some contemporary history of Hadley Park individual plant relocation to consolidate and re-instate hedge 84 Ligustrum sininse Small Leafed Good Maintain regular hedge pruning The remaining parts of the hedge Privet – Hedge practice as the species potentially located here are significant to the invasive. Recommend some contemporary history of Hadley Park individual plant relocation to consolidate and re-instate hedge 85 Ligustrum vulgare aurea Golden Privet Good Maintain regular hedge pruning Reassess at future date. practice as the species potentially invasive 86 Macrozamia communis burrawang Good Relocate to a more secluded Sharp spike leaves could be position potential hazard for visitors 87 Murraya paniculata orange Good Relocate Possible relocation post any Jessamine – assessment of Hadley House Hedge foundations 88 Murraya paniculata orange Good Retain as windbreak until future Relocated from Castlereagh Road Jessamine assessment

october 2009 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i 73 Plant Botanical Name Common Condition Recommendation Comment No. Name 89 Murraya paniculata orange Good Retain as windbreak until future Relocated from Castlereagh Road Jessamine assessment 90 Murraya paniculata orange Good Retain as windbreak until future Relocated from Castlereagh Road Jessamine assessment 91 Murraya paniculata orange Good Retain as windbreak until future Relocated from Castlereagh Road Jessamine assessment 92 Nerium oleander oleander Good Prune 9 Nerium oleander oleander Poor Strangulation by climber. Rejuvenate by clearing vegetation 94 Prunus persica Peach Good Remove climber. Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 95 Prunus persica Peach Good Remove climber. Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 96 Prunus persica Dwarf Peach Good Prune to shape. Young age class. Possible relocation 97 Pyrus communis Clapps Pear Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 98 Pyrus communis Nashi Pear Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 99 Rosa x Hybrida ’Frau Karl Drutski’ Rose Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 100 Rosa x Hybrida ‘burgandy Iceberg’ Rose Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 101 Rosa x Hybrida ‘Samantha’ Rose Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 102 Rosa x Hybrida ‘Hadley’ Rose Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 10 Rosa x Hybrida ‘Lady X’ Rose Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 104 Rosa x Hybrida Cerise Rose Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice

october 2009 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i 74 Plant Botanical Name Common Condition Recommendation Comment No. Name 105 Rosa x Hybrida Pink Rose Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 106 Tibouchina lepidota ‘Alstonville’ Glory bush Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 107 Viburnum tinus Viburnum Good Prune 108 Weigela bicolour Variegated Good Maintain using appropriate Weigela horticulture practice

Plant Botanical Name Common Condition Recommendation Comment No. Name CLIMBERS 109 Hedera helix English Ivy Good Prune back to original hedge style Close to power pole and shed has evidence of past invasion. Species potentially invasive. Will require appropriate management 110 Hedera helix English Ivy Good Prune back to original hedge style Close to power pole and shed has evidence of past invasion. Species potentially invasive. Will require appropriate management 111 Monsteria deliciosa Fruit Salad Good Relocate Too close to 1806 Slab Hut Plant Foundations 112 Philodendron selloum Philodendron Good Reclassified as Philodendron 114 Tecomaria capensis Fire Flower Good Recommend Vigorous species, but beyond reassessment of condition/weed primary curtilage potential in future 115 Vitus vinifera ’Isabella’ Fruiting Grape Good Maintain using appropriate horticulture practice 116 Wisteria sinesis Wisteria Good Recommend relocation/removal Vigorous species located too close to the fragile fabric of the main house

october 2009 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i 75 117 Wisteria sinesis Wisteria Good Recommend relocation/removal Vigorous species located too close to the fragile fabric of the main house 118 Wisteria sinesis Wisteria Previously removed 119 Wisteria sinesis Wisteria – Good Recommend relocation/removal Vigorous species located too close Hedge to the fragile fabric of the main house 120 Wisteria sinesis Wisteria – Good Recommend relocation/removal Vigorous species located too close Hedge to the fragile fabric of the main house

october 2009 HADLEY PARK • LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN • ISSUE i 76