Mar Menor Coastal Lagoon Fisheries and Nearest Mediterranean Fisheries: Evolution Related

1supplementary materials. Results of the regression and PERMANOVA analysis. 2 3Table 1. Linear regression parameters for the relationship between ln of total catch per unit effort in the 4Mar Menor and fishing effort estimated in number of boats in fishing activity. The Maximum Sustainable 5Yield (MSY) and the effort in the MSY have been estimated according to the Fox model (1970). 6 Adjusted R2=0.59 ANOVA df SS MSS F P Regression 1 40.8572544 40.8572544 147.279616 1.6428E-21 Residuals 102 28.2961082 0.27741283 Total 103 69.1533627 Coefficients SE t P Intercepción 8.493356602 0.07303374 116.293604 3.046E-110 Number of boats_Mar Menor -0.003767798 0.00031047 -12.1358813 1.6428E-21

EffortMSY 265.40702 MSY 476689.7666 7 8 9Table 2. PERMANOVA table for the factor Inlet and pairwise comparisons for the corresponding periods. 10Only total catch in the Mar Menor includes the factor inlet with the two levels (El Charco and El Estacio). 11For the other variables only El Estacio could be analysed due to lack of data in the Before time for El 12Charco. Bold figures indicate significant differences. Intensity of grey cells in the Period groups represents 13from clear (close) to dark (far) the temporal proximity to the event in the After time. 14 Opening/enlarging inlets Total Catch in the df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Inlet Period Groups t P(MC) Mar Menor Inlet 1 68640 68640 8,6829 0,006 El Charco Before (2 vs 1) 1792-1796, 1797-1861 1,3937 0,2126 Before/After 1 9,61E+05 9,61E+05 121,61 0,0001 After (1 vs 2) 1879-1883, 1884-1890 0,3461 0,7436 Period 1 5799,8 5799,8 0,73366 0,3931 B vs A (1 vs 1) 1797-1861, 1879-1883 9,4302 0,0001 InletxBefore/After 1 2,15E+05 2,15E+05 27,216 0,0001 B vs A (2 vs 2) 1792-1796, 1884-1890 4,2396 0,0029 InletxPeriod 1 28109 28109 3,5557 0,07 B vs A (2 vs 1) 1792-1796, 1879-1883 5,1933 0,0009 Before/AfterxPeriod 1 1688,1 1688,1 0,21354 0,6441 B vs A (1 vs 2) 1797-1861, 1884-1890 5,4055 0,002 InletxBefore/AfterxPe 1 39617 39617 5,0115 0,0327 El Estacio Before (2 vs 1) 1960-1968, 1969-1974 3,7527 0,00390 riod Res 34 2,69E+05 7905,3 After (2 vs 1) 1975-1980, 1981-1986 1,5184 0,16050 11,417 Total 41 1,39E+06 B vs A (2 vs 1) 1960-1968, 1975-1980 0,00010 0 B vs A (2 vs 2) 1960-1968, 1981-1986 7,5956 0,00010 B vs A (1 vs 1) 1969-1974, 1975-1980 3,2009 0,00900 B vs A (1 vs 2) 1969-1974, 1981-1986 3,5243 0,00540 El Estacio Effort (number of df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) boats) Before/After 1 17,776 17,776 4,5574 0,0426 Period 2 19,015 9,5076 2,4376 0,1104 Before/AfterxPeriod* 1 3,8116 3,8116 0,97722 0,3363 * Res 25 97,511 3,9004 Total 29 1,29E+02 multi-species CPUE df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Groups t P(MC) Before/After 1 2620,2 2620,2 3,9081 0,0012 El Estacio Before (2 vs 1) 1960-1968 1969-1974 1,1046 0,3077 Period 1 456,28 456,28 0,68056 0,6651 After (1 vs 2) 1975-1980 1981-1986 1,2335 0,1944 Before/AfterxPeriod 1 1294 1294 1,9301 0,0832 After (1 vs 3) 1975-1980 1987-1993 2,6034 0,0007 Res 16 10727 670,44 After (2 vs 3) 1981-1986 1987-1993 2,2469 0,0028 Total 19 14925 B vs A (2 vs 1) 1960-1968 1975-1980 1,4480 0,116 B vs A (2 vs 2) 1960-1968 1981-1986 2,0246 0,0152 B vs A (2 vs 3) 1960-1968 1987-1993 3,1371 0,0013 B vs A (1 vs 1) 1969-1974 1975-1980 1,3072 0,1531 B vs A (1 vs 2) 1969-1974 1981-1986 1,5931 0,0403 B vs A (1 vs 3) 1969-1974 1987-1993 2,7354 0,0011 number species in the df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Groups t P(MC) Mar Menor Before/After 1 0,26014 0,26014 9,5252 0,007 El Estacio Before (2 vs 1) 1960-1968 1969-1974 1,5908 0,141 Period 1 5,24E-03 5,24E-03 0,19171 0,6654 After (1 vs 2) 1975-1980 1981-1986 0,5786 0,5722 Before/AfterxPeriod 1 5,09E-02 5,09E-02 1,8634 0,1904 After (1 vs 3) 1975-1980 1987-1993 6,1404 0,0001 Res 19 0,5189 2,73E-02 After (2 vs 3) 1981-1986 1987-1993 3,6478 0,0029 Total 22 0,82118 B vs A (2 vs 1) 1960-1968 1975-1980 3,0579 0,0136 B vs A (2 vs 2) 1960-1968 1981-1986 2,4270 0,0359 B vs A (2 vs 3) 1960-1968 1987-1993 7,9360 0,0001 B vs A (1 vs 1) 1969-1974 1975-1980 1,8488 0,0957 B vs A (1 vs 2) 1969-1974 1981-1986 1,6643 0,1259 B vs A (1 vs 3) 1969-1974 1987-1993 7,7713 0,0001 Number of species in df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Groups t P(MC) the Mediterranean Before/After 1 70,582 70,582 34,142 0,0001 El Estacio Before (2 vs 1) 1960-1968 1969-1974 0,9275 0,3771 Period 1 3,0911 3,0911 1,4952 0,2351 After (1 vs 2) 1975-1980 1981-1986 3,5903 0,0052 Before/AfterxPeriod 1 0,34298 0,34298 0,16591 0,6815 After (1 vs 3) 1975-1980 1987-1993 0,3034 0,7734 Res 18 37,212 2,0673 After (2 vs 3) 1981-1986 1987-1993 2,1703 0,0523 Total 21 108,67 B vs A (2 vs 1) 1960-1968 1975-1980 9,9132 0,0001 B vs A (2 vs 2) 1960-1968 1981-1986 8,8117 0,0001 B vs A (2 vs 3) 1960-1968 1987-1993 9,3078 0,0001 B vs A (1 vs 1) 1969-1974 1975-1980 3,2556 0,0088 B vs A (1 vs 2) 1969-1974 1981-1986 2,7677 0,0183 B vs A (1 vs 3) 1969-1974 1987-1993 3,5214 0,0043 15Table 3. PERMANOVA table for the factor Civil War and pairwise comparisons for the corresponding 16periods.* (no effort data inmediately after the war). Bold figures indicate significant differences. Intensity 17of grey cells in the period groups represents from clear (close) to dark (far) the temporal proximity to the 18event in the After time.

Civil War Pairwise comp Total Catch in the Mar Menor df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Groups t P(MC) Before/After 1 1,80E+05 1,80E+05 7,3089 0,0152 Before 2 vs 1 1902-1910 1911-1933 1,5308 0,1577 Period 1 12404 12404 0,50362 0,4862 After 1 vs 2 1940-1944 1945-1949 2,3003 0,0501 Before/AfterxPeriod 1 1,86E+05 1,86E+05 7,5504 0,0132 Bef vs Aft 2 vs 1 1902-1910 1940-1944 8,0801 0,0001 Res 17 4,19E+05 24630 2 vs 2 1902-1910 1945-1949 1,3583 0,2179 Total 20 7,82E+05 1 vs 1 1911-1933 1940-1944 2,5041 0,0319 1 vs 2 1911-1933 1945-1949 0,0246 0,982 Effort (number of boats) df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Groups t P(MC) Before/After 1 487,44 487,44 67,8530 0,0001 Before 2 vs 1 1902-1910 1911-1933 1,7210 0,1158 Period 1 34,177 34,177 4,7575 0,0425 After 1 vs 2 1940-1944 1945-1949 1,4326 0,1874 Before/AfterxPeriod 1 2,7146 2,7146 0,3779 0,5521 Bef vs Aft 2 vs 1 1902-1910 1940-1944 7,3187 0,0002 Res 17 122,12 7,1837 2 vs 2 1902-1910 1945-1949 19,9950 0,0001 Total 20 634,31 1 vs 1 1911-1933 1940-1944 3,2881 0,009 1 vs 2 1911-1933 1945-1949 4,8985 0,0012 CPUE MM df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Before/After 1 1597,8 1597,8 8,3854 0,008 Period 1 225,18 225,18 1,1818 0,297 Before/AfterxPeriod 1 361,56 361,56 1,8975 0,184 Res 17 3239,2 190,54 Total 20 5421 multi-species CPUE df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Before/After 1 2584 2584 26,5550 0,0001 Period 1 125,37 125,37 1,2884 0,2822 Before/AfterxPeriod* 0 0 No test Res 7 681,16 97,309 Total 9 3687,2 nº species in the Mar Menor df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Groups t P(MC) Before/After 1 1,2217 1,2217 99,6560 0,0001 After 2 vs 3 1950-1954 1955-1959 2,1086 0,0737 Period 1 0,06359 0,06359 5,1873 0,0569 Bef vs Aft 2 vs 2 1902-1910 1950-1954 18,2180 0,0002 Before/AfterxPeriod* 0 0 No test 2 vs 3 1902-1910 1955-1959 9,1806 0,0002 Res 7 0,085812 0,012259 Total 9 1,7297 nº speciesin the Mediterranean df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Groups t P(MC) Before/After 1 7,114 7,114 14,4990 0,0072 Before 2 vs 1 1902-1910 1945-1949 Period 2 4,422 2,211 4,5063 0,0511 After 2 vs 3 1950-1954 1955-1959 1,3408 0,2199 Before/AfterxPeriod* 0 0 No test 1 vs 2 1945-1949 1950-1954 1,0000 0,4233 Res 7 3,4345 0,49064 1 vs 3 1945-1949 1955-1959 12,8090 0,0001 Total 10 12,792 Bef vs Aft 2 vs 2 1902-1910 1950-1954 1,5492 0,2203 2 vs 3 1902-1910 1955-1959 18,7500 0,0001 19 20Table 4. PERMANOVA table for the factor Type of Boat used to analize the effects of the mechanization of the fleet. 21Bold figures indicate significant differences.

Mechanization of the fleet Total Catch in the Mar Menor df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Type of boat (Ty)(sail/motor) 1 11150 11150 2.9157 0.1058 Period 1 912.36 912.36 0.23858 0.6257 TyxPe 1 4011.5 4011.5 1.049 0.3225 Res 16 61185 3824.1 Total 19 77259 Pseudo- Effort (number of boats) df SS MS F P(MC) Type 1 524.78 524.78 57.841 0.0001 Period (Pe) 1 13.363 13.363 1.4729 0.2448 TyxPe 1 0.45266 0.45266 4.99E-02 0.8268 Res 16 145.17 9.0728 Total 19 683.76 Total CPUE MM df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Ty 1 5472.7 5472.7 28.053 0.0001 Pe 1 195.55 195.55 1.0024 0.3304 TyxPe 1 24.492 24.492 0.12554 0.7332 Res 16 3121.3 195.08 Total 19 8814 multi-species CPUE df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Ty 1 5268.7 5268.7 13.024 0.0003 Pe 1 704.56 704.56 1.7416 0.1734 TyxPe 1 278.85 278.85 0.68931 0.51 Res 13 5259 404.54 Total 16 11942 Pseudo- spp MM df SS MS F P(MC) Ty 1 2.79E-04 2.79E-04 9.62E-03 0.9237 Pe 1 4.48E-02 4.48E-02 1.5427 0.2298 TyxPe 1 5.48E-02 5.48E-02 1.8855 0.1859 Res 15 0.43557 2.90E-02 Total 18 0.54163 spp Medit df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Ty 1 5.131 5.131 3.1409 0.0978 Pe 1 4.1852 4.1852 2.5619 0.1304 TyxPe 1 2.9173 2.9173 1.7858 0.2023 Res 15 24.504 1.6336 Total 18 37.378 22Table 5. PERMANOVA table for the factor Trophic status and pairwise comparisons for the corresponding periods. 23Bold figures indicate significant differences. Intensity of grey cells in the Period groups represents from clear (close) 24to dark (far) the temporal proximity to the event in the After time.

Eutrophication Total catch df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Period Groups t P(MC) Trophic status 1 308,94 308,94 0,14989 0,6986 oligotrophy 3 vs 2 1977-1982 1983-1988 0,5987 0,5605 Period 2 18075 9037,7 4,3849 0,0243 3 vs 1 1977-1982 1989-1994 2,1208 0,0595 Trophic statusxPeriod 2 4592,3 2296,2 1,114 0,3436 2 vs 1 1983-1988 1989-1994 0,9310 0,3678 Res 30 61833 2061,1 eutrophy 1 vs 2 1995-2000 2001-2006 1,2932 0,2328 Total 35 84810 1 vs 3 1995-2000 2007-2012 2,6078 0,0278 2 vs 3 2001-2006 2007-2012 4,1439 0,0011 oligo vs eutro 1 vs 1 1989-1994 1995-2000 1,4737 0,1693 1 vs 2 1989-1994 2001-2006 0,3762 0,7207 1 vs 3 1989-1994 2007-2012 3,9738 0,0029 2 vs 1 1983-1988 1995-2000 0,1611 0,8775 2 vs 2 1983-1988 2001-2006 0,7768 0,461 2 vs 3 1983-1988 2007-2012 1,1807 0,2635 3 vs 1 1977-1982 1995-2000 1,1229 0,2889 3 vs 2 1977-1982 2001-2006 1,9996 0,0739 3 vs 3 1977-1982 2007-2012 0,6601 0,5194 Effort (number of boats) df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Groups t P(MC) Trophic status 1 0,44819 0,44819 0,43007 0,5171 oligotrophy 3 vs 2 1977-1982, 1983-1988 4,4593 0,0013 Period 2 22,649 11,325 10,867 0,0003 3 vs 1 1977-1982, 1989-1994 2,8022 0,0176 Trophic statusxPeriod 2 6,5503 3,2751 3,1427 0,056 2 vs 1 1983-1988, 1989-1994 1,7066 0,1171 Res 30 31,264 1,0421 eutrophy 1 vs 2 1995-2000, 2001-2006 3,0551 0,0126 Total 35 60,912 1 vs 3 1995-2000, 2007-2012 3,9539 0,0025 2 vs 3 2001-2006, 2007-2012 5,3634 0,0005 oligo vs eutro 1 vs 1 1989-1994, 1995-2000 1,4795 0,1748 1 vs 2 1989-1994, 2001-2006 1,1553 0,2814 1 vs 3 1989-1994, 2007-2012 2,5533 0,0309 2 vs 1 1983-1988, 1995-2000 1,3349 0,2148 2 vs 2 1983-1988, 2001-2006 3,761 0,0042 2 vs 3 1983-1988, 2007-2012 2,9594 0,0147 3 vs 1 1977-1982, 1995-2000 5,9207 0,0003 3 vs 2 1977-1982, 2001-2006 8,0339 0,0001 3 vs 3 1977-1982, 2007-2012 0,6192 0,5505 Total CPUE df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Groups t P(MC) Trophic status 1 10,495 10,495 0,35092 0,5576 oligotrophy 3 vs 2 1977-1982, 1983-1988 2,54 0,0269 Period 2 1567 783,48 26,197 0,0001 3 vs 1 1977-1982, 1989-1994 5,7991 0,0002 Trophic statusxPeriod 2 246,89 123,45 4,1276 0,026 2 vs 1 1983-1988, 1989-1994 2,1555 0,0589 Res 30 897,22 29,907 eutrophy 1 vs 2 1995-2000, 2001-2006 1,9385 0,0837 Total 35 2721,6 1 vs 3 1995-2000, 2007-2012 4,1865 0,0024 2 vs 3 2001-2006, 2007-2012 6,0269 0,0003 oligo vs eutro 1 vs 1 1989-1994, 1995-2000 2,3828 0,0405 1 vs 2 1989-1994, 2001-2006 1,3289 0,2053 1 vs 3 1989-1994, 2007-2012 5,3687 0,0004 2 vs 1 1983-1988, 1995-2000 0,4567 0,6647 2 vs 2 1983-1988, 2001-2006 1,5488 0,1537 2 vs 3 1983-1988, 2007-2012 2,5431 0,0297 3 vs 1 1977-1982, 1995-2000 4,835 0,0007 3 vs 2 1977-1982, 2001-2006 7,6129 0,0001 3 vs 3 1977-1982, 2007-2012 0,352 0,736 multi-species CPUE df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Groups t P(MC) Trophic status 1 16227 16227 22,395 0,0001 oligotrophy 3 vs 2 1977-1982, 1983-1988 1,7195 0,0268 Period 2 7241,9 3620,9 4,9973 0,0001 3 vs 1 1977-1982, 1989-1994 2,6283 0,0024 Trophic statusxPeriod 2 7512,9 3756,5 5,1843 0,0002 2 vs 1 1983-1988, 1989-1994 2,1057 0,0144 Res 29 21013 724,58 eutrophy 1 vs 2 1995-2000, 2001-2006 1,4937 0,1058 Total 34 50930 1 vs 3 1995-2000, 2007-2012 2,4427 0,0033 2 vs 3 2001-2006, 2007-2012 2,6371 0,0042 oligo vs eutro 1 vs 1 1989-1994, 1995-2000 2,1326 0,0109 1 vs 2 1989-1994, 2001-2006 1,7325 0,0476 1 vs 3 1989-1994, 2007-2012 3,352 0,0009 2 vs 1 1983-1988, 1995-2000 3,4469 0,0001 2 vs 2 1983-1988, 2001-2006 2,0796 0,0111 2 vs 3 1983-1988, 2007-2012 4,5526 0,0001 3 vs 1 1977-1982, 1995-2000 3,7067 0,0001 3 vs 2 1977-1982, 2001-2006 2,6428 0,0014 3 vs 3 1977-1982, 2007-2012 4,6061 0,0002 nº species in the Mar Menor df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Groups t P(MC) Trophic status 1 0,6165 0,6165 27,068 0,0001 oligotrophy 3 vs 2 1977-1982, 1983-1988 3,582 0,0047 Period 2 0,1482 7,41E-02 3,253 5 0,0532 3 vs 1 1977-1982, 1989-1994 5,5792 0,0003 Trophic statusxPeriod 2 1,0066 0,50329 22,097 0,0001 2 vs 1 1983-1988, 1989-1994 2,218 0,0483 Res 30 0,68329 2,28E-02 eutrophy 1 vs 2 1995-2000, 2001-2006 0,3423 0,7381 Total 35 2,4546 1 vs 3 1995-2000, 2007-2012 3,101 0,0117 2 vs 3 2001-2006, 2007-2012 2,4851 0,0325 oligo vs eutro 1 vs 1 1989-1994, 1995-2000 1,0773 0,3047 1 vs 2 1989-1994, 2001-2006 0,7025 0,495 1 vs 3 1989-1994, 2007-2012 1,5925 0,1488 2 vs 1 1983-1988, 1995-2000 1,8664 0,0911 2 vs 2 1983-1988, 2001-2006 1,823 0,0992 2 vs 3 1983-1988, 2007-2012 3,8119 0,0027 3 vs 1 1977-1982, 1995-2000 6,2829 0,0002 3 vs 2 1977-1982, 2001-2006 5,661 0,0003 3 vs 3 1977-1982, 2007-2012 7,0349 0,0002 nº species in the Mediterranean df SS MS Pseudo-F P(MC) Groups t P(MC) Trophic status 1 19,789 19,789 150,44 0,0001 oligotrophy 3 vs 2 1977-1982, 1983-1988 1,3974 0,1943 Period 2 1,2598 0,6299 4,7885 0,0166 3 vs 1 1977-1982, 1989-1994 2,1196 0,0609 Trophic statusxPeriod 2 2,9749 1,4875 11,308 0,0003 2 vs 1 1983-1988, 1989-1994 2,7765 0,019 Res 30 3,9464 0,13155 eutrophy 1 vs 2 1995-2000, 2001-2006 0,6608 0,5169 Total 35 27,971 1 vs 3 1995-2000, 2007-2012 6,0498 0,0002 2 vs 3 2001-2006, 2007-2012 3,8598 0,0028 oligo vs eutro 1 vs 1 1989-1994, 1995-2000 2,4801 0,037 1 vs 2 1989-1994, 2001-2006 2,6379 0,021 1 vs 3 1989-1994, 2007-2012 4,9825 0,0004 2 vs 1 1983-1988, 1995-2000 12,136 0,0001 2 vs 2 1983-1988, 2001-2006 9,6079 0,0001 2 vs 3 1983-1988, 2007-2012 16,053 0,0001 3 vs 1 1977-1982, 1995-2000 10,85 0,0001 3 vs 2 1977-1982, 2001-2006 8,5695 0,0001 3 vs 3 1977-1982, 2007-2012 14,967 0,0001 25 26 27Table 6. Linear regression parameters for the relationship between ln of total catch per unit effort of the main species 28fished in the Mar Menor and fishing effort (number of fishing boats). The Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) and the 29effort in the MSY have been estimated according to the Fox (1970) model.

A. anguilla Adjusted R2=0.42 N=74 df SS MS F P Regression 1 41.0015514 41.0015514 54.4577262 2.1938E-10 Residuals 72 54.2092354 0.75290605 Total 73 95.2107868 Coefficient St. Error t statistic P Lower 95% Upper 95% Intercept 6.36043273 0.14026368 45.3462571 1.0813E-54 6.0808222 6.64004326 nº boats_Mar Menor -0.00514064 0.00069661 -7.37954783 2.1938E-10 -0.0065293 -0.00375198 MSY 41398.9047 EffortMSY 194.528168 Mugilidae Adjusted R2=0.07 N=81 df SS MS F P Regression 1 14.809205 14.809205 7.29562855 0.00845508 Residuals 79 160.360028 2.02987377 Total 80 175.169233 Coefficient St. Error t statistic P Lower 95% Upper 95% Intercept 6.73497205 0.21500995 31.3240011 2.6406E-46 6.30700544 7.16293866 nº boats_Mar Menor -0.00301452 0.00111606 -2.70104212 0.00845508 -0.00523597 -0.00079306 MSY 102671.343 EffortMSY 331.728305 S. auratus Adjusted R2=0.10 N=75 df SS MS F P Regression 1 15.6349186 15.6349186 9.45523669 0.00296149 Residuals 73 120.710786 1.65357241 Total 74 136.345705 Coefficient St. Error t statistic P Lower 95% Upper 95% Intercept 5.76308155 0.20563688 28.0255257 8.291E-41 5.35324785 6.17291526 nº boats_Mar Menor -0.00316118 0.00102805 -3.07493686 0.00296149 -0.00521008 -0.00111229 MSY 37045.0992 EffortMSY 316.337535 Atherina spp. Adjusted R2=0.41 N=71 df SS MS F P Regression 1 47.0699128 47.0699128 48.8850642 1.3766E-09 Residuals 69 66.4379609 0.962869 Total 70 113.507874 Coefficient St. Error t statistic P Lower 95% Upper 95% Intercept 6.83227384 0.16118802 42.3869828 3.8503E-51 6.51071253 7.15383514 nº boats_Mar Menor -0.00602147 0.00086122 -6.99178548 1.3766E-09 -0.00773956 -0.00430338 MSY 56652.8272 EffortMSY 166.072317 30