Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 1

Chemistry A Naming Compounds I Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 2

Worksheet #1: Ionic and Covalent Bonding

An atom is the smallest amount of an element that has all of the properties of the element. For example, a gold wedding ring contains trillions upon trillions of gold atoms. There is only one element, gold, but the amount of gold is the total number of gold atoms. A compound is a combination of multiple atoms.

A molecule is the smallest amount of a compound that has all of the properties of the compound. For example, imagine a bucket of pure water (H2O). The bucket contains only one compound, H2O, but there trillions upon trillions of water molecules within the bucket.

1. What is the difference between an atom and an element?

2. What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Compounds are held together by chemical bonds. There are many different types of chemical bonds. In this packet we will learn about two: ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Ionic compounds are made of positive ions (metals) and negative ions (nonmetals). The attractions between these oppositely charged ions hold the compound together. Electrons get completely transferred from the metal to the nonmetal ion. Covalent compounds are made of two nonmetals. These bonds are formed when two or more nonmetal atoms share electrons.

3. What do chemical bonds do?

4. What are ionic compounds made of?

5. What are covalent compounds made of?

6. Which bond shares electrons?

7. Which type transfers electrons?

8. Label each of the following compounds as ionic or covalent:

a. H2O

b. NaCl

c. MgO

d. SO2

e. GeCl4 Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 3 f. CsF Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 4 Worksheet # 2-Naming Ionic Compounds

At this point you have learned approximately 60 of the known elements on the periodic table. These elements will combine to form different compounds. This occurs both in nature as well as in a laboratory. The purpose of this packet is to teach you how to name these compounds as well as write the formulas for different chemical compounds. A compound is a chemical combination of two or more different elements. It is a substance that has its own definite properties and is represented by a combination of symbols and numbers called a formula. We will begin with ionic compounds. Remember these contain a metal and a nonmetal. 1. First name the metal. 2. Name the nonmetal, but change the ending to –ide.

The formula below represents potassium oxide. You will notice that there are tiny numbers that appear in the formula. These numbers are called subscripts. Subscripts tell you the number of each atom in a compound. For example

K2O

subscript Notice that there is no subscript after the oxygen. If a subscript is not written, assume that it is a one. That means that in the above compound there are two potassium atoms and one oxygen atom.

Give the name for the following compounds. Then determine the number of atoms by adding the subscripts.

Formula Name # atoms Formula Name # atoms CsF NiS

Rb2O RaBr2

Na2S Ag2O

AlCl3 NiBr2 CaO BaS

MgS SrCl2

K2Te CsI

CdCl2 CdF2 ZnO BaO

AuCl3 AlI3 Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 5 Worksheet #3: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds

Binary compounds of a metal and a nonmetal contain ions: positive metal ions and negative nonmetal ions. All compounds are neutral. This means that if we add up all of the positive ions they must equal all of the negative ions. The charge an element has in a compound in called an oxidation number. The oxidation number is related to the number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. In order to write the formulas for compounds of metals and nonmetals you must use the oxidation numbers of each element.

Steps to follow. Example: sodium oxide 1. Write the symbol for the metal with the oxidation number (or charge) of the Na+1 metal as a superscript

2. Write the symbol for the nonmetal with the oxidation number (or charge) of O-2 the nonmetal as a superscript

3. Switch the numbers and write them as subscripts. (Notice that the subscripts Na+1O-2 do not get a +/-). We will refer to this as “Swap and Drop”.

Na 2 O1

4. If the subscript is one, you do not need to write it. Na2O

5. The subscripts tell you how many of each atom you have in the compound. 2 Na and 1 O combine to make sodium oxide.

Write the correct formula for the following ionic compounds.

Name Symbols with oxidation #s Formula # of atoms (Swap and Drop) (add the subscripts) potassium chloride sodium sulfide magnesium iodide barium oxide cadmium sulfide aluminum oxide calcium nitride lithium fluoride sodium chloride cesium oxide Name Symbols with oxidation #s Formula # of atoms (Swap/Drop) (add the subscripts) nickel oxide aluminum bromide rubidium sulfide cesium sulfide beryllium iodide zinc telluride radium selenide Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 6 sodium phosphide potassium iodide magnesium nitride

More Practice: Name the following compounds and determine the number of atoms.

Formula Name # atoms Formula Name # atoms CsI BeSe

Na2S RbI

RaI2 ZnTe

Al2N3 SrBr2

CaO CoCl2

Li3P Ag2S KCl BaO

NiBr2 Fr2O

More Practice: Write the formulas for the following compounds.

Name Symbols with Formula # of atoms oxidation #s silver sulfide cadmium bromide nickel chloride magnesium fluoride radium chloride aluminum iodide rubidium nitride barium chloride sodium nitride beryllium oxide

Name Symbols with Formula # of atoms oxidation #s Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 7 cesium nitride silver chloride lithium phosphide zinc bromide magnesium sulfide zinc telluride potassium arsenide calcium oxide aluminum selenide beryllium fluoride

Worksheet # 4-Calculating Oxidation Numbers

The charge an element has in a compound in called an oxidation number. Many elements only have one possible oxidation number, but other elements have several possible oxidation numbers depending upon what they are combined with and the conditions under which they formed. Both metals and nonmetals may have more than one oxidation number. However, we will learn how to determine the oxidation numbers of the metals in a particular compound. Remember that the total charge on any compound is zero. Therefore, if we know the oxidation number of one element in a compound we can figure out the oxidation number of the other element in the compound. Let us first consider the compound with the formula CuCl. We can look on the periodic table and find that the oxidation number of chlorine is –1. We can use this to determine the oxidation of the Cu in CuCl. If the oxidation of Cl is –1 then we know the oxidation number of Cu must be +1. If we add the numbers together we see that they equal 0. This makes the compound neutral. Now lets try some that are a little more challenging.

Example: Ga2O3 Now we have 2 Ga and 3 O in this compound. We need to establish some steps to help you. 1. Divide the compound in half. Ga2 O3 2. Find the charge of the nonmetal (the element on the right) by looking on your periodic table. It is –2. 3. Multiply the charge by the number of atoms. In this case we have 3. So the charge on all of the fluorine atoms in this compound is –2. (-2)(3)= -6 Ga2 O3

4. If the right side of the compound its –6 so the left side of the compound must be +6 (remember it has to equal 0). Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 8 5. Since there are 2 Ga know that both gallium combined are equal to +6. But we need to know the oxidation number of one gallium so we need to divide by the number of atoms in the compound. (+6/2 atoms)=+3 (-2)(3atoms)= -6 Ga2 O3

For each of the following compounds infer the oxidation number for an individual metal atom. The oxidation number on chlorine is –1 and the oxidation number for oxygen is –2.

Formula Calculation Charge of Formula Calculation Charge of Metal Metal NiO PbO

AuCl PbO2

W2O5 SnO

La2O3 SnO2

MnO2 U2O3 Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 9 Worksheet #5- Naming Multiple Oxidation Number Metals Write the name and charges for the seven metals that we use which have multiple oxidation numbers.

Multiple Oxidation Number Metal Lower Oxidation Number Higher Oxidation Number

Roman numerals are used to show which metal ion is in a particular compound. In order to name the following compounds 1) name the metal 2) write the oxidation number as a Roman Numeral in parenthesis 3) name the nonmetal with an –ide ending

Roman Numerals I=1 II=2 III=3 IV=4 V=5 VI=6 VII=7 VIII=8 IX=9 X=10

Formula Metal Oxidation Stock Name Number CuCl

CuCl2

FeO

Fe2O3

SnS

SnS2

PbO

PbO2

SbF3

SbF5

BiBr3 Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 10

BiBr5

Hg2O

HgO

Worksheet #6 Writing Formulas for Multiple Oxidation Number Metals

Other than the alkali metals (+1) and the alkaline earth metals (+2) most metals can have more than one oxidation number, their oxidation number depends upon what they are combined with and the conditions under which they were formed. We call these multiple oxidation number metals and we will work with seven. We will now learn to write the formula for compounds that were named using roman numerals. The steps you follow are essentially the same as you did on worksheet #2. The exception is that the Roman Numeral represents the oxidation number for the metal and all you need to look up on the periodic table is the oxidation number of the nonmetal.

Name Symbols with oxidation Formula # of atoms (add subscripts) #s copper(I) chloride copper(II) bromide mercury(I) oxide mercury(II) sulfide iron(II) sulfide iron (III) iodide tin(II) fluoride tin(IV) oxide antimony(III) sulfide antimony(V) nitride lead(II) sulfide lead(IV) oxide Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 11

Worksheet #7- Putting it all together: Ionic Compounds

The following set contains a mixture of compounds. Some will require the use of the Stock Method and others will not. 1) Put an “*” next to each of the compounds that contain a multiple oxidation number metal. 2) Name each compound. For compounds with a “*” be sure to infer the oxidation number for each starred compound. Then use the Stock Method to name it.

Formula Name # of atoms

Bi2S3

KCl

Al2O3

FeO

RaI2

Na3P

Cu3N

Be3As2

Rb2Se

SrTe

Write the formulas for the following compounds. Name Symbols with oxidation Formula # of atoms #s iron(II) nitride barium bromide antimony(III) oxide potassium chloride tin(IV) sulfide aluminum iodide Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 12 Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 13 Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 14 Worksheet #8: Review of Worksheets # 1-7

Write the name and charges for the seven metals that we use which have multiple oxidation numbers.

Multiple Oxidation Number Metal Lower Oxidation Number Higher Oxidation Number

In the following table go through and “*” all of the compounds which contain multiple oxidation numbers. Then write the name of the following compounds using the Stock Method ONLY when a multiple oxidation number metal is present.

Formula Name Formula Name

Fe2S3 Rb3N NaCl FeP

Bi2O5 Mg3As2

PbO Ca3N2

BaF2 Hg2S

Write the formulas for the following compounds.

Name Symbols with Formula Name Symbols with Formula oxidation #s oxidation #s iron(III) sulfide potassium chloride francium iodide bismuth(V) arsenide copper(II) nitride strontium selenide beryllium phosphide lithium telluride radium fluoride tin(IV) oxide antimony(V) oxide aluminum bromide

Worksheet #9- Naming Covalent Compounds with 2 Non-Metals The compounds that we have used so far have all contained a metal bonded to a nonmetal. You will now learn how to name compounds and write the formulas for compounds containing nonmetals only. Compounds that consist of nonmetals contain covalent bonds. These elements share electrons in order to become stable. (We will worry about how and why this happens later.) Since these compounds form under a variety of conditions we cannot use oxidation numbers determine their formulas. We must instead use prefixes. These prefixes will also be used in the names of each formula so that you know what how many of each type of element is in the compound.

1 = mono 3 = tri 5 = penta 7 = hepta 9 = nona 2 = di 4 = tetra 6 = hexa 8 = octa 10 = deca

Consider NO and N2O. If we used the naming method from worksheet #1 then we would call each of these nitrogen oxide. If I told you that you produced a gas called nitrogen oxide in lab then you would not know which one to which I was referring. The correct names are below:

 N2O is called dinitrogen monoxide.  NO is called nitrogen monoxide. (Note: I did not call this compound mononitrogen monoxide. We never start a compound with the prefix mono-.) Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 15 Name the following compounds. Formula Name

N2O4

P4O10

GeCl4

H2O

BCl3

SO2

When you write the formula for compounds that are made up of nonmetals you do not need to look up the oxidation numbers. The prefix becomes the subscript. For example: the formula for dinitrogen trioxide is N2O3. The formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. Did you notice that carbon does not have a prefix? If there is a compound that is made up of all nonmetals and there is no prefix at the beginning of the name, you are to assume the prefix is mono- and the subscript is one. Write the formulas for the following compounds. Name Formula tetraphosphorus decasulfide dichlorine heptaoxide silicon tetrafluoride dinitrogen trioxide carbon monoxide carbon tetrachloride Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 16 Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 17 Worksheet #10 – Naming Binary Compounds Review 1. Put an “*” on every compound that contains a multiple oxidation number metal. 2. Write the word “prefix” next to each compound that is made up of all nonmetals. 3. Name the following compounds. If the compound contains a multiple oxidation number metal you are to use the Stock Method to name it. If the compound contains all nonmetals you are to use the prefixes to name the compound. Otherwise name the metal and then the nonmetal with the –ide ending. Formula Name Formula Name

S3O9 RaI2 ZnTe NiO

P2O3 PCl3

NaCl Au2S

Cu3N AgF

BF3 NO3

Cs3P Fe2Se3

Write the formula for the following compounds. You will not need the column for the “symbols with oxidation #s” for compounds that are made up of nonmetals. Name Symbols with Formula Name Symbols with Formula oxidation #s oxidation #s

calcium telluride rubidium nitride diboron trioxide XXX silver chloride mercury (I) sulfide silicon dioxide XXX bismuth(V) selenide platinum oxide carbon monoxide XXX lead (IV) bromide francium arsenide carbon disulfide XXX barium iodide strontium phosphide

4. Define the following:

a. compound: ______

b. oxidation number: ______

c. subscript: ______

5. When do you use the roman numerals? ______

6. When do you use prefixes? ______

Worksheet #11 – More Naming Review

The following compounds contain both metals and nonmetals. Name Symbols with Formula Formula Name oxidation #s sodium sulfide NaCl

magnesium iodide AlCl3

silver oxide SrBr2

rubidium fluoride CoBr2

Calculate the oxidation number of the following metals. Formula Calculation Oxidation Number of the Metal Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 18

Fe2S3

Bi3P5

Hg2O SbN

The following compounds contain multiple oxidation number metals. Use Roman Numerals. Name Symbols with Formula Formula Calculation Name oxidation #s

copper (I) nitride SnO2

lead (IV) chloride Hg3P

iron (II) sulfide Bi2S3

antimony(V) iodide Sb2O3

The following compounds contain nonmetals only.

Name Formula Formula Name dihydrogen monoxide CO

boron trichloride P4O10

dinitrogen monoxide SiO2

dichlorine heptaoxide N2O3

sulfur hexafluoride CBr4

Worksheet #12- The Final Review

This review sheet contains all types of compounds that we have learned so far. if you can complete this table with only a periodic table (oxidation numbers only) then you should do well on the quiz. Name Symbols with Formula Name Symbols with Formula oxidation #s oxidation #s

diphosphorus trioxide XXX nickel iodide carbon tetrachloride XXX calcium phosphide iron (III) bromide nitrogen monoxide XXX Platinum nitride potassium phosphide magnesium fluoride mercury (I) oxide antimony(V) sulfide aluminum sulfide chromium telluride sulfur trioxide XXX

Write the formula for the following compounds. Use roman numerals where appropriate. Remember that compounds which contain nonmetals only need prefixes. Formula Name Formula Name

RaI2 MgO

AsO4 FeS

AgI BCl3

ZnCl2 K3P

Cu3P AuF

PtS SO3

N2O Sb2Se3

Answer the following questions: Chemistry A Naming Binary Compounds Name______Hour: _____ Page 19 1. The charge on an element in a compound is called______2. Metals are______of the staircase 3. Nonmetals are______of the staircase. 4. The simplest form of matter is called:______5. The little numbers written below the line in compounds are called:______6. The total charge on any compound is:______7. Chemical combination of two or more elements is called: ______8. Used to represent chemical compounds:______