Morrison, C.M., Chappell, T.C. & Ellis, A.W. (1997). Age of Acquisition Norms for a Large

Morrison, C.M., Chappell, T.C. & Ellis, A.W. (1997). “Age of acquisition norms for a large set of object names and their relation to adult estimates and other variables.” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50A (3), 528-559.

This table contains an alphabetical listing of the 297 object names and the number of children in each age group (out of 20) who named that item correctly with or without an initial phoneme cue. * denotes additional items drawn at York, † denotes items from the Snodgrass & Vanderwart (1980) set redrawn at York, ‡ denotes items also included in the Gilhooly & Logie (1980) ratings corpus. The new York pictures are available on the World Wide Web at the URL http://www.cf.ac.uk/uwcc/psych/morrison/

Age Band (months) 2:6-2:11 3:0-3:5 3:6-3:11 4:0-4:5 4:6-4:11 5:0-5:5 5:6-5:11 6:0-6:5 6:6-6:11 7:0-7:5 7:6-7:11 8:0-8:11 9:0-9:11 10:0-10:11 Mid point 32.5 38.5 44.5 50.5 56.5 62.5 68.5 74.5 80.5 86.5 92.5 102.5 114.5 126.5 accordion 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 acorn* 3 4 4 1 2 9 15 14 13 18 16 16 18 18 aeroplane 18 17 20 20 18 19 20 19 20 19 20 anchor 0 0 0 5 2 7 11 12 9 18 12 16 20 18 ant 0 0 6 6 13 15 16 19 16 18 20 19 19 20 apple‡ 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 arm‡ 9 15 18 17 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 armadillo* 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 arrow† 1 2 5 10 13 18 20 19 20 20 20 ashtray 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 5 3 5 11 12 13 axe 0 0 4 5 8 15 15 18 15 20 20 20 20 20 ball‡ 17 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 19 20 20 balloon 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 banana 18 19 19 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 barn 0 0 1 0 7 4 8 10 10 17 13 14 17 17 barrel 0 2 4 3 4 10 12 16 13 19 18 17 20 20 basket 14 16 19 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 bat 2 7 9 14 16 13 18 20 20 20 20 bath 15 20 20 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 bear 10 13 11 16 19 18 20 19 19 20 20 bed 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 bee 5 7 10 13 17 17 19 20 18 20 19 beetle 3 3 5 5 10 9 9 14 9 16 18 17 19 19 bell 9 14 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 bellows 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 belt 6 10 12 15 20 17 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 bike 17 19 19 20 19 17 20 20 20 20 19 biscuit 2 6 8 11 14 11 16 16 14 17 16 20 19 20 boat 19 17 14 17 14 15 16 19 19 18 20 20 20 20 book 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 boot 15 20 18 19 20 20 20 19 20 20 20 bottle 10 18 17 17 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 bow (ribbon) 2 11 12 13 19 16 20 20 18 18 19 bow (weapon) 0 1 2 5 9 11 18 12 15 15 20 19 19 19 bowl 14 15 18 19 20 20 19 19 19 20 20 box 9 19 20 19 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 boy 4 7 7 13 18 18 19 17 17 20 19 bread 10 15 17 20 19 19 19 20 20 20 19 broom 0 1 6 5 6 6 6 11 12 16 14 19 19 20 brush‡ 18 19 20 18 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 bullet* 0 1 0 7 8 13 17 13 12 17 19 18 20 20 bus 17 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 butterfly 16 20 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 button‡ 10 15 17 18 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 cactus* 0 0 0 1 1 4 5 8 2 9 9 11 17 15 cake 18 19 20 20 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 camel 5 7 13 14 13 14 19 17 17 19 20 camera* 4 7 12 15 15 15 17 18 18 19 19 candle 14 15 17 18 20 19 20 19 20 20 20 cannon 0 1 0 2 2 3 9 11 8 13 10 12 16 15 cap 1 1 4 0 12 12 16 18 18 20 20 20 20 20 car‡ 20 20 20 20 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 caravan* 4 4 13 14 16 18 16 20 19 19 19 20 20 20 carrot 15 18 20 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 castle* 2 18 13 18 19 20 20 19 20 20 20 cat 17 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 caterpillar 6 8 15 15 19 18 19 19 17 18 19 celery 0 0 0 3 1 2 4 4 6 10 12 8 9 12 chain‡ 0 0 8 7 18 17 19 20 18 20 20 chair 20 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 cheese*‡ 4 13 17 19 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 cherry‡ 1 2 5 9 12 6 11 15 15 18 16 13 11 18 chisel 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 3 6 8 14 12 church‡ 2 10 15 14 20 17 20 20 19 20 20 cigar 0 1 0 0 0 2 6 0 1 4 6 10 12 15 cigarette 0 2 4 8 6 9 14 11 13 17 19 20 20 19 clock 20 20 20 20 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 cloud† 5 14 9 14 19 19 18 18 16 20 19 20 20 20 clown 12 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 coat‡ 7 6 9 6 19 14 15 19 19 17 20 20 20 20 cockerel† 3 7 5 6 14 10 12 15 15 19 14 14 19 11 comb 6 17 16 16 20 20 20 19 19 20 20 cooker 6 6 11 14 18 17 19 18 19 20 30 cow 15 20 20 19 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 cowboy* 0 0 4 6 8 11 18 16 16 20 17 20 20 20 crab*‡ 6 12 13 20 19 17 20 20 19 20 20 crown 0 6 7 10 17 16 15 19 16 20 20 20 20 20 cup 15 18 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 cymbals* 1 0 2 1 0 3 6 12 8 10 15 12 15 13 deer‡ 6 5 4 7 6 12 12 13 9 16 16 19 20 20 dentist* 0 0 5 4 10 14 12 16 11 18 20 19 20 20 desk 0 1 0 2 11 11 11 10 14 16 16 diamond*‡ 0 0 0 0 8 10 12 14 14 19 20 18 19 19 dice* 1 4 6 9 16 16 20 20 17 18 20 doctor* 5 11 17 18 20 20 20 19 18 20 20 dog‡ 19 20 20 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 donkey 4 10 12 15 16 20 19 19 17 20 20 door‡ 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 dragon* 4 11 15 18 17 20 20 20 19 20 19 drawers 11 13 12 11 20 18 18 15 19 20 20 20 20 20 dress†‡ 8 17 17 16 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 drum 8 10 12 17 19 17 19 19 20 20 20 duck‡ 18 20 19 19 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 dustbin 6 8 12 15 16 12 17 16 19 19 19 20 20 19 eagle 0 0 2 2 4 7 14 10 9 17 17 18 20 20 ear* 13 11 17 16 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 elephant‡ 16 20 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 envelope 0 2 6 3 12 14 16 18 18 19 19 20 20 20 eye‡ 11 10 15 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 fairy*‡ 6 7 10 11 14 19 19 20 18 20 20 fence 3 3 13 13 14 19 18 20 19 20 20 finger 17 19 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 fish 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 flag‡ 9 17 19 20 17 18 20 20 20 20 20 flask* 0 1 5 3 7 13 11 14 12 14 13 18 19 18 flower 20 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 flute 1 2 1 5 3 12 8 13 12 14 20 16 19 17 fly 2 9 9 14 16 20 18 20 18 20 18 foot 14 20 19 18 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 fork‡ 18 19 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 fox‡ 13 18 19 18 18 20 20 20 19 20 20 fridge 7 6 12 14 16 15 19 17 20 20 19 frog†‡ 17 20 19 20 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 genie* 1 3 6 8 12 16 17 16 16 20 19 20 20 20 giraffe 13 16 18 18 17 18 19 18 19 19 20 glass 9 11 16 18 16 20 19 20 19 20 20 glasses 16 20 18 18 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 glove‡ 8 13 18 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 goat 0 7 12 9 16 16 19 20 16 20 20 20 20 20 gorilla 0 1 6 9 5 16 17 17 18 18 19 grapes 5 10 11 12 18 18 15 19 18 20 20 20 20 20 guitar 7 8 7 9 11 18 20 18 18 20 19 gun‡ 8 11 17 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 hair 7 3 8 7 19 16 18 19 12 17 19 20 20 20 hammer‡ 15 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 hand 15 20 20 20 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 handbag 7 10 11 11 12 10 17 17 19 18 20 harp 0 1 0 0 2 3 4 4 3 4 14 9 14 15 hat 17 20 20 20 20 17 20 20 20 20 20 heart‡ 3 12 13 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 helicopter 17 18 20 17 19 20 20 20 20 20 19 hen‡ 5 7 12 15 18 19 18 17 18 20 20 horse 17 19 19 20 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 house† 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 iron‡ 8 8 17 16 19 19 20 18 19 20 19 jacket† 1 4 6 5 18 17 13 13 18 20 20 19 20 20 jelly* 14 13 18 18 18 18 19 20 20 20 20 jigsaw* 11 17 18 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 judge* 0 0 1 0 2 3 3 5 3 7 12 18 19 18 jug 3 7 13 13 15 17 20 18 18 19 19 jumper 10 15 18 17 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 kangaroo 6 14 16 17 18 18 20 20 18 20 20 kettle†‡ 11 9 15 12 18 16 18 19 17 19 20 key 16 20 19 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 king* 4 9 17 11 17 18 20 20 20 20 20 kite 14 16 16 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 knife 17 18 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ladder 17 17 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ladybird* 14 17 17 18 17 17 20 20 20 19 20 lamp‡ 1 8 9 11 13 14 13 15 15 19 19 20 19 20 leaf 16 15 19 15 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 leg 8 17 18 19 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 lemon‡ 4 9 17 16 16 19 18 19 18 20 20 leopard 0 3 7 12 12 9 15 16 14 16 19 18 19 19 lettuce 0 3 6 5 16 10 6 16 13 18 19 16 19 17 lightbulb 0 0 5 3 3 9 11 8 7 10 13 19 16 19 lion‡ 19 16 18 19 19 20 20 20 19 20 20 lips 1 9 10 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 lobster 0 1 2 2 13 9 9 14 12 17 19 17 18 17 lorry 13 12 15 17 19 19 18 20 20 20 20 medal* 0 0 0 2 1 2 8 9 9 18 17 16 18 19 mermaid*‡ 1 8 9 15 17 20 19 19 16 20 19 20 20 20 microphone* 0 0 0 0 3 5 9 8 6 9 10 17 18 17 microscope* 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 4 2 5 11 9 11 11 microwave* 0 3 6 5 7 12 15 16 17 19 19 18 20 20 mitten 1 2 6 2 15 14 11 11 10 16 14 13 19 15 monkey 16 18 17 19 19 20 20 20 20 19 20 moon 16 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 motorbike 12 16 15 18 18 17 20 20 20 20 20 mountain‡ 0 3 5 12 14 17 19 17 18 19 20 mouse‡ 15 20 19 18 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 mushroom 3 10 14 15 14 15 17 20 19 20 20 nail (tool)‡ 1 2 3 5 10 13 17 20 19 18 17 nail (finger)*‡ 2 3 7 10 16 20 20 20 18 18 19 necklace 5 12 12 17 20 19 20 19 20 20 20 needle‡ 0 0 1 3 7 10 11 16 9 16 20 18 20 20 nose‡ 8 6 11 13 18 20 20 20 17 20 20 nun* 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 12 16 19 20 nurse*‡ 1 7 12 15 17 18 19 20 18 20 20 nut 2 0 0 0 0 1 6 2 2 5 7 12 19 17 onion‡ 3 6 9 7 11 13 17 19 17 19 20 orange‡ 11 15 17 18 20 17 20 20 19 20 20 ostrich 0 1 2 3 2 12 14 15 9 17 14 15 18 19 owl‡ 10 19 19 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 padlock* 0 1 0 1 1 3 4 4 4 3 11 13 11 13 paintbrush 4 14 14 16 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 pan 9 14 18 14 19 18 17 20 19 20 19 parachute* 1 0 1 4 7 8 16 14 13 18 17 19 20 20 peach‡ 0 1 1 1 1 3 7 7 7 12 11 16 16 16 peacock 3 2 6 8 2 8 12 11 7 9 16 16 19 19 pear 9 12 15 17 18 19 19 18 20 20 20 peg 9 13 18 18 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 pen 9 13 16 16 18 20 20 20 19 20 20 pencil‡ 13 16 16 17 20 20 18 20 16 20 20 20 20 20 penguin 10 15 16 15 16 19 19 19 20 20 19 pepper‡ 1 2 3 3 5 4 4 9 3 12 14 12 16 17 piano‡ 7 8 15 13 18 19 20 20 19 20 20 pig‡ 17 20 20 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 pineapple 2 4 7 9 7 8 14 17 13 19 17 17 18 20 pipe 0 0 8 2 6 8 11 15 14 16 18 19 20 20 pliers 2 0 1 1 0 5 4 2 7 6 6 13 14 16 plug†‡ 1 6 10 12 10 13 18 18 14 19 19 20 20 20 pond*‡ 2 12 18 16 19 18 19 20 20 20 20 porter* 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 potato‡ 3 4 6 6 10 6 13 15 13 17 17 20 19 19 pram 12 17 16 14 20 20 19 18 19 20 20 pumpkin 2 1 5 7 7 9 14 19 15 18 19 19 20 20 purse* 2 11 16 11 19 19 20 17 17 19 19 queen*‡ 8 8 15 19 17 19 20 20 20 20 20 rabbit‡ 19 19 20 20 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 raccoon 1 0 0 1 0 0 5 1 1 7 9 9 13 14 rhinocerous 3 5 9 9 12 14 17 15 11 17 19 17 20 19 ring‡ 1 7 12 16 19 18 20 19 20 19 20 rocket* 1 7 14 14 16 16 20 20 20 20 20 ruler‡ 0 2 5 9 10 15 18 19 18 20 20 sandwich 9 18 18 20 20 20 20 20 19 20 20 saw‡ 3 6 8 10 13 11 15 15 15 19 17 20 19 19 scales* 0 2 4 2 1 8 6 9 8 15 13 20 19 19 scarecrow* 11 14 17 18 20 19 19 19 18 19 20 scissors 17 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 screw 2 3 5 7 7 9 13 12 15 17 17 16 19 19 screwdriver 6 4 13 11 10 11 15 16 15 19 14 18 19 19 seahorse 4 3 2 8 11 10 12 17 11 17 17 18 19 18 shawl 0 0 0 0 1 4 6 2 3 6 8 6 5 8 sheep 11 12 19 17 20 17 18 20 20 20 20 shell 3 9 14 11 20 17 18 19 17 19 17 ship 1 7 7 8 17 18 17 16 20 20 20 20 20 20 shirt 5 8 7 9 18 18 16 18 20 20 19 20 20 20 shoe 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ski 0 1 6 7 7 7 12 7 7 12 14 17 18 18 skirt 3 9 12 12 20 19 18 16 19 20 19 20 20 20 skunk 0 1 1 2 3 6 7 10 2 14 11 11 13 14 sledge 0 3 7 6 11 12 16 13 13 16 16 19 19 20 slide 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 snail 9 14 17 19 16 18 20 20 20 20 20 snake 16 16 18 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 19 snowman 17 19 20 20 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 sock 17 18 20 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 soldier 12 11 18 17 19 17 17 19 18 19 19 spanner 2 1 6 4 4 9 11 13 9 10 12 16 18 16 spider 18 16 17 20 20 17 20 20 20 19 20 spoon 19 20 20 20 19 17 20 20 20 20 20 squirrel 16 18 17 20 19 17 18 19 19 20 20 star 13 20 20 20 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 stethoscope 0 0 0 1 3 0 2 1 0 5 4 2 4 4 stool 9 10 13 15 16 16 14 18 17 18 19 19 20 20 strawberry 4 13 15 19 17 14 19 20 18 20 19 submarine 1 1 2 3 6 8 10 12 8 16 11 15 20 18 suitcase 1 8 7 11 12 15 18 16 16 20 20 19 19 20 sun‡ 17 19 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 swan 2 8 11 10 13 17 15 18 19 18 20 20 20 20 swing 5 6 13 15 19 16 20 20 19 19 20 19 20 20 sword*‡ 4 7 14 17 15 20 20 19 19 20 20 syringe* 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 2 1 8 8 table 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 telephone 18 19 18 20 20 20 20 20 18 20 20 telescope* 0 0 1 2 6 7 12 11 8 14 19 17 19 20 television 14 18 17 18 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 tent*‡ 5 12 15 17 20 17 20 20 20 20 20 thimble 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 5 11 13 12 14 thumb†‡ 5 16 17 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 tie 1 9 9 12 20 19 20 19 19 20 19 tiger 9 12 15 14 18 18 20 20 19 20 20 tights* 4 6 9 12 15 13 15 15 14 16 19 18 19 19 toad* 0 0 2 3 12 12 15 18 15 17 18 20 20 20 toast* 6 9 13 15 19 19 17 16 17 19 19 19 19 20 toaster 2 7 13 15 15 16 15 18 13 19 14 20 20 20 tomato 3 8 12 10 11 14 16 20 17 17 19 19 20 20 torch* 3 6 13 12 18 18 20 19 20 19 19 tortoise 12 17 15 15 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 towel* 9 17 14 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 tractor* 17 18 19 20 20 17 20 19 20 20 20 train† 18 16 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 tree 19 20 20 19 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 trousers 15 18 17 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 trumpet 2 3 8 9 16 18 13 17 19 18 19 20 20 19 typewriter*‡ 0 1 2 1 4 11 12 13 10 15 14 18 20 20 umbrella‡ 15 20 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 van*‡ 10 8 13 15 19 15 19 20 19 20 20 vase‡ 0 2 3 5 8 16 14 17 13 19 19 17 19 19 violin 0 2 3 7 12 15 16 19 16 20 19 20 20 20 volcano* 1 0 2 1 7 8 14 12 10 18 20 20 20 20 waistcoat† 0 3 3 4 2 9 9 8 10 17 16 18 18 18 watch 6 18 17 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 web* 7 13 6 16 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 well 0 1 5 4 6 10 14 16 10 18 18 19 20 20 whale* 2 2 7 9 16 19 20 20 19 20 20 wheel 16 18 19 20 20 18 19 19 20 19 20 wheelbarrow* 7 12 17 18 13 17 17 18 16 19 18 20 20 20 whistle 1 8 14 15 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 wig-wam 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 2 5 7 6 5 4 13 windmill 3 9 11 16 14 16 18 19 20 19 19 window‡ 16 16 14 18 20 20 20 20 20 19 20 witch*‡ 3 7 13 17 20 20 20 20 19 20 20 wizard* 0 2 7 4 15 19 16 20 19 19 19 20 20 20 yo-yo* 1 3 2 7 13 12 17 17 12 19 19 19 19 19 zebra 12 12 16 18 20 17 19 20 17 20 20